CN108282436A - A kind of distributed MIMO-OFDM Timing Synchronization fast correlation algorithm - Google Patents
A kind of distributed MIMO-OFDM Timing Synchronization fast correlation algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/0007—Code type
- H04J13/0055—ZCZ [zero correlation zone]
- H04J13/0059—CAZAC [constant-amplitude and zero auto-correlation]
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of algorithms applied to distributed MIMO OFDM Timing Synchronization fast correlation operations, including：(1) time synchronization method based on traditional CAZAC sequences proposes a kind of reduction computational complexity, improves the algorithm of distributed MIMO OFDM Timing Synchronization efficiency, especially in the more system of number of users, effect is more obvious；(2) will not be to consume Timing Synchronization accuracy as cost while reducing computational complexity, this method not only can guarantee the accuracy of Timing Synchronization but also can improve time efficiency.(3) improve the problem of traditional algorithm can not accurately estimate the first path position under a multipath channel environment, a kind of timing synchronization algorithm of the MIMO ofdm systems suitable for multidiameter fading channel is proposed, no matter which there can be good net synchronization capability under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or under multipath channel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fields of communication technology, and CAZAC sequence distributed MIMO-OFDMs are based on more particularly, to one kind
Timing synchronous method.
Background technology
With the fast development of internet, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology
In conjunction with haveing many advantages, such as, and MIMO-OFDM is the key technology of next generation mobile communication system, and MIMO-OFDM technologies can
To greatly improve the availability of frequency spectrum, channel capacity and the reliability of transmission, therefore receive more and more attention.
In order to further increase the power system capacity of wireless communication system, MIMO Signal with Distributed Transmit Antennas is suggested, its transmitting day
Line is distributed in different geographical locations and reception antenna concentration and identical geographical location or transmitting antenna and reception antenna are equal
It is distributed in different geographical locations.MIMO Signal with Distributed Transmit Antennas with its high power capacity, low-power consumption, better cover, open structure,
The advantages that easy extension, networking flexibility, become one of the notable feature of forth generation mobile communication system.Signal synchronization (including it is fixed
When synchronous and sampling frequency synchronization) be one of difficult point of OFDM technology.Distributed MIMO-OFDM is very quick for timing offset
Sense, since timing offset causes signal to generate the rotation of phase on frequency domain, these deviations can cause the inter-carrier interference of system
(ICI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) inter-antenna interference (MAI) can also, be caused.Therefore, same for distributed MIMO-OFDM timing
Step estimation is particularly important.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of high-precision, low complex degree, is suitable for multipath
The time synchronization method based on CAZAC sequences of channel.
To achieve the goals above, method proposed by the present invention is as follows：
S1. the CAZAC synchronizing sequences of different roots are inserted into respectively in each transmit antenna port of transmitting terminal；
S2. by the CAZAC synchronizing sequences s of each transmitting terminali(k) with known time domain channel response hi(l) make convolution respectively
Operation obtains s 'i(k)；
S3. it takes receiving terminal m OFDM symbol r (k) note to share L sub-carrier number and is denoted as R (k) as FFT transform, and by step
S2. the s ' of the different transmitting terminals obtainedi(k) trailing zero to sub-carrier number is that L is denoted as S ' as FFT transformi(k), wherein i represents hair
The end number of sending end；
S4. it takes m OFDM symbol r (k) note of receiving terminal to share L sub-carrier number, makees FFT transform after r (k) is taken absolute value
It is denoted as T (k), and by the s ' of the obtained different transmitting terminals of step S2.i(k) trailing zero to sub-carrier number is made after taking absolute value after being L
FFT transform is denoted as Ui(k), wherein i represents the end number of transmitting terminal；
S5. the S ' respectively obtained different transmitting terminalsi(k) make to take absolute value after making IFFT transformation after point multiplication operation with R (k)
It is denoted as M (k)；
S6. the U respectively obtained different transmitting terminalsi(k) make IFFT to convert postscript to be N (k) after making point multiplication operation with T (k)；
S7. make respectively for each transmitting terminalDue to being utilized
M OFDM symbol of receiving terminal, therefore m peak value can be obtained for each transmitting terminal, the son where calculating peak value in symbol
Carrier number, and the influence for reduction noise of averaging, obtain final estimated value.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) method provided by the invention overcomes the problems, such as that WPS algorithms cannot be distinguished without transmitting terminal correlation peak, while with
UPSP algorithms are compared, and the complexity of calculating substantially reduces, and improve the efficiency of Timing Synchronization estimation.
2) method provided by the invention theoretically derives that one kind being avoided that repetitive operation, reduces the algorithm of complexity,
While improving operation efficiency, not to reduce estimated value accuracy rate as cost, can have under different signal-to-noise ratio extraordinary
Estimation effect.
3) method provided by the invention can be applied under high sub-carrier number distributed MIMO-OFDM system, and in number of users
In the case of more, raising efficiency is more apparent, and the problem of high sub-carrier number distributed MIMO-OFDM technology is become advantage, is reached
To fast and accurate estimation effect.
4) present invention designs new synchronizing sequence using known channel response, improves traditional algorithm in multi-path channel environment
Under the problem of can not accurately estimating the first path position, the algorithm is no matter under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or multipath
There can be good net synchronization capability under channel.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 implementation flow charts of the present invention
Fig. 2 MIMO-OFDM system model figures
Fig. 3 CAZAC sequence self correlation figures
The cross correlation figure of the CAZAC sequences of Fig. 4 difference roots
Inventive algorithm and other algorithm performance simulation comparison figures under Fig. 5 awgn channels
Inventive algorithm and other algorithm performance simulation comparison figures under Fig. 6 multipath channels
Fig. 7 metric function normalization range value figures (awgn channel, snr=10dB) of the present invention
Fig. 8 metric function normalization range value figures (multipath channel, several 10 diameters of diameter, snr=10dB) of the present invention
There are inventive energy simulation comparison figures under noise situations with real channel response for the response of Fig. 9 known channels
Specific implementation mode
The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent；
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, method proposed by the present invention is as follows：
A) the CAZAC synchronizing sequences of different roots are inserted into respectively in each transmit antenna port of transmitting terminal；
Wherein, the specific practice of step a) is：
CAZAC sequences have the property that：
(1) permanent envelope trait：The CAZAC sequence constant amplitudes of random length；
(2) ideal period autocorrelation performance：After arbitrary CAZAC sequential shifts n, n is not the whole of the period of ZC sequences
When multiple, the sequence after displacement is uncorrelated to former sequence, and autocorrelation peak curve is all very sharp；
(3) good cross correlation：Different CAZAC take root in sequence cross correlation value close to zero, and receiving terminal can be calibrated
Really carry out relevant detection；
(4) low peak average ratio characteristic：The signal of arbitrary CAZAC sequences composition, peak value is very low with the ratio of its mean value, can be with
Reduce non-linearity of power amplifier distortion；
(5) Fourier transformation/inversefouriertransform (FFT/IFFT) is CAZAC sequences afterwards, all with CAZAC sequences
Property.
CAZAC sequences are Zadoff-Chu sequence, and it is as follows to generate formula：
Wherein N is sequence length, and k=0,1,2...N-1, r are to take root in the arbitrary positive integer relatively prime with N.
B) by the CAZAC synchronizing sequences s of each transmitting terminali(k) with known time domain channel response hi(l) make convolution respectively
Operation obtains s 'i(k)；
Wherein, the specific of step b) asks method as follows：
To overcome traditional algorithm that can not accurately be estimated to distributed MIMO-OFDM Timing Synchronization under a multipath channel environment
The problem of position of first diameter, the present invention is by the CAZAC synchronizing sequences s of each transmitting terminali(k) with known time domain channel response
hi(l) s ' is obtained as convolution algorithm respectivelyi(k)=si(k)*hi(l)；
C) it takes receiving terminal m OFDM symbol r (k) note to share L sub-carrier number and is denoted as R (k) as FFT transform, and by step
S2. the s ' of the different transmitting terminals obtainedi(k) trailing zero to sub-carrier number is that L is denoted as S ' as FFT transformi(k), wherein i represents hair
The end number of sending end；
Wherein, the specific of step c) asks method as follows：
One OFDM symbol of note has N number of sub-carrier number, due to the distributed MIMO-OFDM timing under different signal-to-noise ratio
Synchronous estimation, determines that each transmitting terminal transmits a signal to the time delay up to receiving terminal, needs repeatedly to estimate to be averaged to reduce
Influence of the noise to estimation accuracy.It is located at receiving terminal and takes m OFDM symbol, share L=m*N sub-carrier number, to the m
OFDM symbol makees L point FFT transform, and formula is：
Take the obtained sequence s ' of different transmitting antennasi(k), if the synchronizing sequence of different transmitting antennas is that a symbol is long
Then sub-carrier number is N to the CAZAC sequences of degree, is that L makees FFT transform by its trailing zero to length, formula is：
D) it takes m OFDM symbol r (k) note of receiving terminal to share L sub-carrier number, makees FFT transform after r (k) is taken absolute value
It is denoted as T (k), and by the s ' of the obtained different transmitting terminals of step S2.i(k) trailing zero to sub-carrier number is made after taking absolute value after being L
FFT transform is denoted as Ui(k), wherein i represents the end number of transmitting terminal；
Wherein, the specific method is as follows by step d)：
E) S for respectively obtaining different transmitting terminalsi(k) make to take absolute value after making IFFT transformation after point multiplication operation with R (k)；
Wherein, the specific method is as follows by step e)：
Due to the good autocorrelation performance of CAZAC sequences, and be approximately zero cross correlation property, look back be based on CAZAC
The distributed MIMO-OFDM time synchronization method of sequence：
The timing position that i-th of transmitting terminal can be obtained is dexact=arg max (Ct(x)) it, repeats to grasp according to above-mentioned formula (1)
Make NtIt is secondary, wherein NtRepresent the number of transmitting terminal, so that it may to obtain NtA time delay estimated value.
By formula (1) it is found that for different transmitting terminals, a C is often soughti(x) related operation will be carried out, especially when
The range of x is larger, and OFDM symbol sub-carrier number is larger, and when transmitting terminal number of users is more, operand can increased dramatically, and influences timing
Synchronous efficiency.In order to reduce the calculation amount of formula (1) molecular moiety, using the property of Fourier transformation, i.e. time-domain signal passes through
After Fourier transformation, computing cross-correlation in the time domain can be converted to the complex multiplication operation on frequency domain, i.e.,
Therefore molecular moietyIn formula：F represents Fourier's change
It changes, F*Represent conjugate operation after Fourier transformation, F-1For inverse Fourier transform, wherein s 'iIt is opened up for zero padding and prolongs into the square that length is L
Battle array.By s ' can be obtained by step c described in claim 1i(k) with R (k), and equal length is L, and the two is done dot product
Operation takes absolute value after then doing IFFT transformation, you can with the molecular moiety in simplified style (1).
F) U for respectively obtaining different transmitting terminalsi(k) make to take absolute value after making IFFT transformation after point multiplication operation with T (k)；
Wherein, the specific method is as follows by step f)：
Look back the distributed MIMO-OFDM time synchronization method based on CAZAC sequences：
To reduce the calculation amount of denominator part, using the property of Fourier transformation, i.e. time-domain signal becomes by Fourier
After changing, computing cross-correlation in the time domain can be converted to the complex multiplication operation on frequency domain, i.e.,
Therefore denominator partIn formula：F is represented in Fu
Leaf transformation, F*Represent conjugate operation after Fourier transformation, F-1For inverse Fourier transform, you can with the denominator portion in simplified style (1)
Point.
G) make respectively for each transmitting terminalSince m OFDM of receiving terminal is utilized
Symbol, therefore m peak value can be obtained for each transmitting terminal, the sub-carrier number where calculating peak value in symbol, and ask flat
Mean value reduces the influence of noise, obtains final estimated value.
Wherein, the specific method is as follows by step g)：
Based on CAZAC sequence distributed MIMO-OFDM time synchronization methods：
For molecular moiety, the S ' that can be obtained by the i.e. different transmitting terminals of step e)i(k) make after making point multiplication operation with R (k)
It takes absolute value after IFFT transformation, the molecular moiety in the case of different x can be obtained simultaneously, avoid each for different x
Time-domain related calculation is calculated, the complexity of operation is simplified, improves operation efficiency.
For denominator part, can by step f), its concrete principle is identical as step e), molecule denominator reduces operation simultaneously
Complexity improves Timing Synchronization efficiency.It is different using the symbolic number of receiving terminal OFDM due under different state of signal-to-noise, if
M OFDM symbol is utilized, therefore, each transmitting terminal is carrying out above-mentioned operation, m peak value can be all obtained, in an OFDM
It can be by formula d in symbolexact=arg max (Ci(x)) position where calculating peak value in symbol, and m estimated value is asked flat
Mean value reduces the influence of noise, obtains final estimated value, if for transmitting terminal i, the sub-carrier positions point where m peak value
It Wei not C1, C2...Cm, then for transmitting terminal i, finally obtained transmitting terminal, which is transmitted a signal to up to receiving terminal initial position, is
Embodiment
The present invention has carried out performance evaluation and emulation to the above method, specific as follows：
It is 2 in a transmitting terminal number, receiving terminal number is 1, i.e. under the distributed MIMO-OFDM system of 2*1, subcarrier
Number is 512, circulating prefix-length CP=128, sample frequency 5MHz；Training sequence on 2 transmission antennas is respectively that son carries
Wave number is 512, the CAZAC synchronizing sequences of root 3,5.The time delay that each transmitting terminal is transmitted a signal to up to receiving terminal is enabled to be respectively
50,200 time domain impulses for setting its direct channels respond expression formula as hi(t)=Wi*((0.9)t+(0.1)t), wherein WiFor difference
The coefficient of transmitting terminal channel, channel diameter number are 10.
The present invention is compared with two kinds of conventional methods, method 1 is document " A novel timing
Synchronization method for distributed MIMO-OFDM system ", abbreviated here as " UPSP is calculated
Method ", method 2 is document " timing synchronization algorithm for being used for MIMO ofdm systems ", abbreviated here as " WPS algorithms ".
The present invention metric function be
Metric function based on CAZAC time domain related algorithms
The metric function of UPSP algorithms
In order to facilitate comparison, the various performances of three kinds of algorithms can be summarized as such as following table：
By the present invention compared with two kinds of traditional algorithms, the timing metric functional operation complexity of new method proposed by the present invention
It is minimum, can especially reach under high sub-carrier number, the more distributed MIMO-OFDM system of number of users more obvious high efficiency and
Accuracy higher Timing Synchronization estimation, while the present invention is no matter under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel or multipath is believed
All there is good net synchronization capability under road.
Fig. 3 Fig. 4 respectively emulates the cyclic shift autocorrelation performance and cross correlation of CAZAC sequences, can demonstrate,prove
Bright synchronized based on CAZAC sequences progress distributed MIMO-OFDM can reduce inter-user interference, ensure timing metric function point
It is sharp, improve Timing Synchronization accuracy.
It can find that the present invention is carrying out distributed MIMO-OFDM synchronization search multipath channel the first diameter peak value in conjunction with Fig. 5 Fig. 6
It is more accurate in the process, no matter there are higher accuracy rate, anti-multipath jamming ability under awgn channel or under multipath channel
Relatively by force, it can be achieved that the synchronous estimation of distributed MIMO-OFDM.
Normalization width of the metric function of Fig. 7 Fig. 8 analog simulations present invention under awgn channel and multi-path channel condition
Angle value, the peak value for being apparent from metric function of the present invention is more apparent, can realize that Timing Synchronization is estimated.
Fig. 9 l-G simulation tests are not punctual in channel estimation, i.e., known to exist between channel response and true channel response
Noise, and emulate the performance of this method in the case of different noise energies, it is known that the present invention is capable of the situation of channel estimation inaccuracy
Under, i.e., interchannel noise can be attained by higher Timing Synchronization estimation accuracy rate in a certain range.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention be only to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and not be pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the art, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention made by within the spirit and principle of invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of distributed MIMO-OFDM Timing Synchronization fast correlation mathematical algorithm, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1. the CAZAC synchronizing sequences of different roots are inserted into respectively in each transmit antenna port of transmitting terminal；
S2. by the CAZAC synchronizing sequences s of each transmitting terminali(k) with known time domain channel response hi(l) make convolution algorithm respectively
Obtain s 'i(k)；
S3. it takes receiving terminal m OFDM symbol r (k) note to share L sub-carrier number and is denoted as R (k) as FFT transform, and by step S2.
The s ' of obtained different transmitting terminalsi(k) trailing zero to sub-carrier number is that L is denoted as S ' as FFT transformi(k), wherein i represents transmitting terminal
End number；
S4. it takes m OFDM symbol r (k) note of receiving terminal to share L sub-carrier number, is denoted as FFT transform after r (k) is taken absolute value
T (k), and by the s ' of the obtained different transmitting terminals of step S2.i(k) trailing zero to sub-carrier number makees FFT after taking absolute value after being L
Transformation is denoted as Ui(k), wherein i represents the end number of transmitting terminal；
S5. the S ' respectively obtained different transmitting terminalsi(k) make to make after point multiplication operation with R (k) to take absolute value after IFFT transformation to be denoted as M
(k)；
S6. the U respectively obtained different transmitting terminalsi(k) make to make after point multiplication operation with T (k) to take absolute value after IFFT transformation to be denoted as N
(k)；
S7. make respectively for each transmitting terminalIt is received due to being utilized
M OFDM symbol is held, therefore m peak value can be obtained for each transmitting terminal, the subcarrier where calculating peak value in symbol
Number, and the influence for reduction noise of averaging, obtain final estimated value.
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| CN111049773A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | Timing synchronization method under multipath channel low signal-to-noise ratio environment in multi-antenna system |
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