CN108278928A - 一种红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108278928A CN108278928A CN201711223854.6A CN201711223854A CN108278928A CN 108278928 A CN108278928 A CN 108278928A CN 201711223854 A CN201711223854 A CN 201711223854A CN 108278928 A CN108278928 A CN 108278928A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- temperature control
- shelter
- layer
- control coating
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法,方舱壁板包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层。所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板中控温涂层和表面金属化纤维织物的设置,使其具有红外隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。与现有技术相比,本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板,使其质量轻。实验结果表明:屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于50dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于100W/m2。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电磁屏蔽方舱壁板,尤其涉及一种具有红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法。
背景技术
方舱具有优异的防护性能和运输灵活性,近年来广泛应用于武器***、指挥中心、电子对抗、野战勤务以及医疗保障体系,而电磁屏蔽又为方舱顺利完成任务提供了保障。
壁板是方舱的重要组成部件,传统的电磁屏蔽方舱壁板一般是由铝合金板与低密度聚氨酯硬质泡沫板复合而成,采用该结构制成的方舱存在着重量大和电磁屏蔽性能差的问题。中国实用新型专利“一种电磁屏蔽方舱壁板”(申请号:201620442853.5)公开了一种轻量化方舱壁板的制备方法,采用碳纤维或芳纶纤维与金属屏蔽材料夹层制备内外蒙皮取代传统的铝合金蒙皮,该方法可以达到轻量化目的,但仍存在屏蔽性能低,难以满足高屏蔽方舱需求;中国实用新型专利“一种轻量化方舱壁板”(申请号:201520923580.1)采用低密度PVC结构泡沫作为方舱壁板中间的结构泡沫达到轻量化目的,但该结构泡沫密度仍偏高,并且目前公开的技术中,均没有涉及到红外隐身的功能。然而,随着探测技术日益发达,采用红外探测仪和红外热像仪等很容易根据散发出的热量发现目标,给军事活动带来了一定的威胁,而如何有效隐蔽,不被敌军红外探测仪和热像仪等侦查,也是目前屏蔽方舱壁板亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法,该方舱壁板具有红外隐身功能和较高的屏蔽功能。
本发明提供了一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板,包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;
所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层;
所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。
优选地,所述控温涂层包括相变填料、隔热填料、粘合剂、溶剂和分散剂;
所述相变填料选自石蜡、硬脂酸和聚乙二醇中的一种或多种;
所述隔热填料选自SiO2气凝胶和/或空心玻璃微珠。
优选地,所述控温涂层的厚度为15微米~500微米。
优选地,所述相变填料、隔热填料、粘合剂、溶剂和分散剂的质量比为5~35:5~35:30~80:20~50:0.2~2。
优选地,所述表面金属化纤维织物的基材选自碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和芳纶纤维布中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述表面金属化纤维织物的组织结构为平纹或斜纹。
优选地,所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属选自铜、镍、银、铁、铁镍合金、锡镍合金和镍钴合金中的一种或多种。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材、表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板和表面涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板粘接,得到具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板;
所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。
优选地,表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材层按照以下方法制得:
将表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料纸经涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化,得到表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材层。
优选地,表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层按照以下方法制得:
将表面金属化纤维织物浸渍在树脂中,在平板模具上铺贴一层浸渍过树脂的金属化纤维织物;
重复上述铺层,直至达到所需厚度后固化,涂覆控温涂层,得到涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层。
本发明提供了一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板,包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层。所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板的面板层中控温涂层和表面金属化纤维织物的设置,使其具有红外隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。与现有技术相比,本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板,使其质量轻。实验结果表明:屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于50dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于100W/m2。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的屏蔽方舱壁板的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板,包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;
所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层;
所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。
参见图1,图1为本发明提供的屏蔽方舱壁板的结构示意图;其中,1为第一面板层,2为蜂窝芯材层,3为第二面板层。
本发明提供的屏蔽方舱壁板包括蜂窝芯材层2;所述蜂窝芯材层的表面涂覆有控温涂层。在本发明中,所述蜂窝芯材层的厚度优选为30~50mm。所述蜂窝芯材层的基材为纤维原料纸。
本发明提供的屏蔽方舱壁板包括置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层1和第二面板层3;所述第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层。所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物;每层所述表面金属化纤维织物的基材优选选自碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布或芳纶纤维布。所述第一面板层中优选还包括树脂,所述树脂优选选自环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂、乙烯基树脂和聚四氟乙烯树脂中的一种或多种。所述第一面板层和第二面板层均由表面金属化纤维织物通过树脂复合压制而成。
所述表面金属化纤维织物的组织结构为平纹或斜纹。所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属优选选自铜、镍、银、铁、铁镍合金、锡镍合金和镍钴合金中的一种或多种。在本发明的具体实施例中,所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属为铜、镍和锡镍合金中的一种或多种。
所述多层表面金属化纤维织物对电磁波的多次反射损耗,提高方舱壁板的屏蔽性能。
涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层的厚度优选为0.5~3mm;涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板层的厚度优选为0.5~3mm。
所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层;所述控温涂层包括相变填料、隔热填料、粘合剂、溶剂和分散剂;所述相变填料、隔热填料、粘合剂、溶剂和分散剂的质量比优选为5~35:5~35:30~80:20~50:0.2~2。
所述相变填料优选选自石蜡、硬脂酸和聚乙二醇中的一种或多种;
所述隔热填料优选选自SiO2气凝胶和/或空心玻璃微珠。
所述粘合剂聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂或聚氨酯与丙烯酸的混合物。
所述分散剂选自硅烷偶联剂和/或油酸钠。
所述溶剂选自二甲苯溶液、二甲苯和苯的混合物或丙酮溶液。
在本发明中,所述控温涂层的厚度优选为15微米~500微米。
表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层的厚度优选为0.5~3mm,更优选为0.8~2.5mm。在本发明的具体实施例中,所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层的厚度为1mm、1.2mm或1.5mm。
表面涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板层的厚度优选为0.5~3mm,更优选为0.8~2.5mm。在本发明的具体实施例中,所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板层的厚度为1mm、1.2mm或1.5mm。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材、表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板和表面涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板粘接,得到具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板;
所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。
在本发明中,表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材层优选按照以下方法制得:
将表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料纸经涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化,得到表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材层。
本发明优选将纤维原料纸采用刮涂的工艺双面涂覆控温涂层,得到表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料纸。所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料纸表面的控温涂层的厚度优选为15~500微米。
涂胶压制:在金属化纤维布表面等间距涂布树脂条胶,然后将多层涂胶后的纤维布错层叠合,热压固化,得到蜂窝叠板;热压固化的温度优选为100~200℃,热压固化的压力优选为0.1~1MPa;
拉伸定型:将上述蜂窝叠板进行拉伸,当蜂窝孔达到工艺要求尺寸后,将拉伸后的蜂窝固定于工装上并放入烘箱中定型。所述拉伸定型的温度优选为100~300℃,拉伸定型的时间优选为10~60min;
浸胶固化:所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料经拉伸后浸胶固化的温度优选为150~200℃,更优选为150~170℃;时间优选为50~70min,更优选为55~65min。在本发明具体实施例中,所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料经拉伸后浸胶固化的温度为160℃;时间为60min。
所述第一面板层采用树脂基复合材料成型工艺将金属化纤维织物制成复合材料面板;成型工艺可以采用手糊成型、真空袋压成型、模压成型或层压成型。在本申请中,所述第一面板层优选采用手糊成型或真空袋压成型。
在本发明具体实施例中,表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层优选按照以下方法制得:
将表面金属化纤维织物浸渍在树脂中,在平板模具上铺贴一层浸渍过树脂的金属化纤维织物;
重复上述铺层,直至达到所需厚度后固化,涂覆控温涂层,得到表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层。
在本发明中,所述表面金属化纤维织物可以采用金属化纤维长丝编织制得;也可以采用纤维织物金属化工艺制备而成。
表面金属化纤维织物表面金属化的方法选自化学镀、电镀或真空镀。
表面金属化纤维织物表面金属层的厚度优选为1μm~5μm。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述表面金属化纤维织物具体为:采用化学镀工艺在碳纤维长丝表面分别镀金属铜、镍;在本发明的一个实施例中,所述表面金属化纤维织物具体为:采用真空蒸镀工艺在斜纹碳纤维与玻璃纤维织物表面沉积金属铜后再电镀镍;在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述表面金属化纤维织物具体为:采用真空蒸镀工艺在斜纹碳纤维织物与芳纶纤维织物表面沉积金属铜后再化学镀锡镍合金。
在本发明中,达到所需厚度后固化的温度优选为100~150℃,更优选为110~150℃;时间优选为80~120min,更优选为90~110min。在本发明的具体实施例中,达到所需厚度后固化的温度为120℃或130℃;时间为100min或90min。
在本发明中,所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板层与上述技术方案在本发明中,所述表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层的制备工艺一致,在此不再赘述。
本发明提供了一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板,包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层;所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板的面板层中控温涂层和表面金属化纤维织物的设置,使其具有红外隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。另外,与现有技术相比,本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板,使其质量轻。实验结果表明:屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于50dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度为20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于100W/m2。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种具有红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
(1)采用化学镀工艺在碳纤维长丝表面镀金属铜、镍,所述镀铜层厚度为2μm,镍层厚度为0.5μm;
(2)将每束含有1000根碳纤维长丝双向交互编织成平纹双向1K碳纤维织物;
(3)将步骤(2)碳纤维织物与环氧树脂浸渍,然后在平板模具上采用手糊工艺铺贴多层碳纤维预浸布,固化成型后脱模得到所需的第一面板和第二面板,固化温度为130℃,固化时间为90min,第一面板和第二面板的厚度均为1mm;
(4)将上述制备的面板进行表面打磨处理,采用喷涂工艺表面涂覆控温涂层,所述控温涂层包括质量比为5:10:55:29.5:0.5的石蜡、SiO2气凝胶、聚氨酯、二甲苯溶液和硅烷偶联剂;所述控温涂层的厚度均为35μm;
(5)将纤维原料纸采用刮涂的工艺双面涂覆控温涂层;控温涂层的厚度为100微米;
(6)将上述涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料纸涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化制备具有红外隐身功能的蜂窝芯材;热压的温度为100~200℃,热压的压力为0.1~1MPa;拉伸的温度为100~300℃,拉伸的时间为10~60min;浸胶固化的温度为160℃,浸胶固化的时间为60min;
(7)将蜂窝芯材结构和面板粘接成夹层结构,加热加压使之固化成为一体,得到具有红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板。
本发明对实施例1制备的屏蔽方舱壁板的红外隐身功能和屏蔽功能进行测试,屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于60dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于100W/m2。
实施例2
(1)采用真空蒸镀工艺在斜纹碳纤维与玻璃纤维织物表面沉积金属铜,金属铜层厚度为100nm,然后在电镀金属镍,金属镍层厚度为2μm;
(2)将金属化碳纤维织物和玻璃纤维织物与聚酰亚胺树脂浸渍,然后在平板模具上交替铺贴一层金属化碳纤维织物和金属化玻璃纤维织物,真空袋压固化成型后脱模得到所需的第一面板和第二面板,固化的温度为150℃,固化的时间为90min,第一面板和第二面板的厚度均为1.2mm;
(3)将上述制备的第一面板和第二面板均进行表面打磨处理,采用刮涂工艺表面涂覆控温涂层,所述控温涂层包括质量比为8:15:55:21:1的硬脂酸、空心玻璃微珠、丙烯酸树脂、二甲苯和苯的混合物和油酸钠,所述控温涂层的厚度均为30μm;
(4)将纤维原料纸采用喷涂的工艺双面涂覆控温涂层;控温涂层的厚度为80微米;
(5)将纤维原料纸涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化制备具有红外隐身功能的蜂窝芯材;热压的温度为100~200℃,热压的压力为0.1~1MPa;拉伸的温度为100~300℃,拉伸的时间为10~60min;浸胶固化的温度为130℃,浸胶固化的时间为90min;
(6)将蜂窝芯材结构和第一面板、第二面板粘接成夹层结构,加热加压使之固化成为一体,得到具有红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板。
本发明对实施例2制备的屏蔽方舱壁板的红外隐身功能和屏蔽功能进行测试,测试结果为:屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于55dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于80W/m2。
实施例3
(1)采用真空蒸镀工艺在斜纹碳纤维织物与芳纶纤维织物表面沉积金属铜后再化学镀锡镍合金,其中金属铜厚度为90nm,锡镍合金厚度为1μm;
(2)将上述金属化斜纹碳纤维织物与芳纶纤维织物与环氧树脂浸渍,然后在平板模具上采用手糊工艺铺贴多层碳纤维与芳纶纤维预浸布,固化温度为120℃,固化时间为100min,固化成型后脱模得到第一面板和第二面板,第一面板和第二面板的厚度均为1.5mm;
(3)将上述制备的第一面板和第二面板均进行表面打磨处理,采用刮涂工艺表面涂覆控温涂层,所述控温涂层包括质量比为10:20:30:38.5:1.5的聚乙二醇、空心玻璃微珠与聚氨酯与丙烯酸的混合物、丙酮溶液和硅烷偶联剂,所述控温涂层的厚度均为40μm;
(4)将纤维原料纸采用刮涂的工艺双面涂覆控温涂层;控温涂层的厚度为50微米;
(5)将上述纤维原料纸表面涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸和浸胶固化形成芳纶具有红外隐身功能的蜂窝夹芯结构,热压的温度为100~200℃,热压的压力为0.1~1MPa;拉伸的温度为100~300℃,拉伸的时间为10~60min;浸胶固化的温度为180℃,浸胶固化的时间为50min;
(6)将蜂窝芯材结构和第一面板、第二面板粘接成夹层结构,加热加压使之固化成为一体,得到具有红外隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板。
本发明对实施例3制备的屏蔽方舱壁板的红外隐身功能和屏蔽功能进行测试,测试结果为:屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于60dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于55W/m2。
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板,包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层;所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板中控温涂层和表面金属化纤维织物的设置,使其具有红外隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。与现有技术相比,本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板,使其质量轻。实验结果表明:屏蔽方舱壁板在150kHz~1.5GHz电磁场中电磁屏蔽效能大于50dB;屏蔽方舱壁板在表面温度20~70℃下的表面红外辐射能小于100W/m2。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板,包括蜂窝芯材层和置于所述蜂窝夹心层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层;
所述蜂窝芯材层、第一面板层和第二面板层的表面均涂覆有控温涂层;
所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板,其特征在于,所述控温涂层包括相变填料、隔热填料、粘合剂、溶剂和分散剂;
所述相变填料选自石蜡、硬脂酸和聚乙二醇中的一种或多种;
所述隔热填料选自SiO2气凝胶和/或空心玻璃微珠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板,其特征在于,所述控温涂层的厚度为15微米~500微米。
4.根据权利要求2所述的屏蔽方舱壁板,其特征在于,所述相变填料、隔热填料、粘合剂、溶剂和分散剂的质量比为5~35:5~35:30~80:20~50:0.2~2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板,其特征在于,所述表面金属化纤维织物的基材选自碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和芳纶纤维布中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板,其特征在于,所述表面金属化纤维织物的组织结构为平纹或斜纹。
7.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板,其特征在于,所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属选自铜、镍、银、铁、铁镍合金、锡镍合金和镍钴合金中的一种或多种。
8.一种权利要求1~7任意一项所述具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材、表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板和表面涂覆有控温涂层的第二面板粘接,得到具有红外隐身功能的屏蔽方舱壁板;
所述第一面板层和第二面板层中均包括多层表面金属化纤维织物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,表面涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材层按照以下方法制得:
将表面涂覆有控温涂层的纤维原料纸经涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化,得到涂覆有控温涂层的蜂窝芯材层。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,表面涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层按照以下方法制得:
将表面金属化纤维织物浸渍在树脂中,在平板模具上铺贴一层浸渍过树脂的金属化纤维织物;
重复上述铺层,直至达到所需厚度后固化,涂覆控温涂层,得到涂覆有控温涂层的第一面板层。
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