CN108274019B - Synthesis method of luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance absorption property - Google Patents
Synthesis method of luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance absorption property Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a synthesis method of luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance absorption property. The method specifically comprises the following steps: mixing a mercaptan small molecular compound, chloroauric acid, a reducing agent and a solvent, and reacting for 10-70 min at 4-95 ℃ under stirring; and after the reaction is finished, dialyzing, purifying and removing small molecules and ions, and then freezing and concentrating to obtain the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property. The synthesis method takes the thiol small molecular compound and the chloroauric acid as raw materials to synthesize the luminescent gold nanoparticles with ultra-small sizes in one step, and has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, low cost and easy large-scale industrial production. The luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized by the method can obviously observe fluorescence, surface plasma resonance absorption and mutual conversion thereof by regulating and controlling the pH value after being dissolved in the solvent again.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional nano materials, and particularly relates to a synthesis method of luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance absorption properties.
Background
In recent years, researchers have increasingly studied gold nanoparticles, and the gold nanoparticles have important applications in the fields of biomarkers, sensing, optical probes, tumor detection, biomedical imaging and the like. Thus, the study and control of the optical properties (e.g., fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance absorption) of gold nanoparticles would greatly expand their application in the fields of disease and biosensing (Du, b.; Jiang, x.; Das, a.; Zhou, q.; Yu, m.; Jin, r.; Zheng, j.nat. nanotechnol.2017, 12, 1096; Liu, j.; Yu, m.; nin, x.; Zhou, c.; Yang, s.; Zheng, j.angelw.chem., int.ed.2013, 52, 12572; Cao, y.c.; Jin, r.; Nam, j.; Thaxton, c.s.; Mirkin, c.a.j.am.chem.2003, 125, 14676).
Changing the size of the nano particle is an important method for regulating and controlling the optical property of the gold nano particle. For example: the fluorescence signal of the gold nano-particles with the particle size of about 5.0nm is very weak, and the fluorescence quantum yield is very low (10 to 10)-5)(Wilcoxon，J.；Martin，J.；Parsapour，F.；Wiedenman，B.；Kelley，D.J.Chem.Phys.1998，108，9137.). However, for 2.0nm gold nanoparticles, the fluorescence signal is very strong with a quantum efficiency of up to 5.3% (Liu, J.; Duchesne, P.N.; Yu, M.; Jiang, X.; Ning, X.; Vinluan, R.D.; Zhang, P.; Zheng, J.Angew.chem., int.Ed.2016, 55, 8894.). Furthermore, it has been reported that the fluorescence quantum yield of luminescent gold nanoparticles is changed by reducing the Au (I) component on the surface of the luminescent gold nanoparticles to an Au (0) component using a reducing agent (e.g., sodium borohydride) to control the number of free electrons on the nanoparticles (Zheng, J.; Zhou, C.; Yu, M.; Liu, J. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 4073.). However, no surface plasmon resonance absorption signal is observed on the ultra-small size of the highly fluorescent gold nanoparticles generated by the above methods, which will limit the application research in optical or biomedical systems.
There are many reported methods for regulating the surface plasmon resonance absorption of gold nanoparticles. For example: according to the mie scattering theory, the gold nanoparticles are sized to have surface plasmon resonance absorption red-shifted (Zhang, x.; Servos, m.r.; Liu, j.j.am. chem. soc.2012, 134, 7266.). In addition, DNA or Ag is used+Gold nanoparticles were assembled as linkers to change the size of the assemblies, thereby changing their surface plasmon resonance absorption (Fang, l.; Wang, y.; Liu, m.; Gong, m.; Xu, a.; Deng, z.angelw.chem., int.ed.2016, 55, 14294; Wu, z.; Liu, h.; Li, t.; Liu, j.; Yin, j.; Mohammed, o.f.; Bakr, o.m.; Liu, y.; Yang, b.; Zhang, h.j.am.cheso.2017, 139, 4318.). However, these current methods of modulating surface plasmon resonance absorption are only applicable to non-luminescent gold nanoparticles. The luminescent gold nanoparticles are provided with ligand-Au (I) shells for generating fluorescence and limited free electrons on the surfaces due to the ultra-small particle size, and the assembly of the luminescent gold nanoparticles to generate surface plasmon resonance absorption is difficult by the existing method. Therefore, preparing ultra-small (1-3 nm) luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon resonance absorption remains a great challenge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for synthesizing luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon resonance absorption property aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A synthesis method of luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasma resonance absorption property comprises the following synthesis reaction equation:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
dissolving and mixing a mercaptan small molecular compound, chloroauric acid, a reducing agent and a solvent, and reacting for 10-70 min at 4-95 ℃ under stirring; and after the reaction is finished, dialyzing, purifying and removing small molecules and ions, and then freezing and concentrating to be absolutely dry to obtain the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property.
Preferably, the thiol small molecule compound is cysteine, mercaptobenzimidazole, mercaptoimidazole or triazole thiol, or a compound having the following chemical structural formula:
R-SH
wherein R is an alkyl group or a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
Preferably, in a mixed solution obtained by mixing the mercaptan small molecular compound, the chloroauric acid, the reducing agent and the solvent, the concentration ratio of the chloroauric acid to the mercaptan small molecular compound is 1: 0.1-20, preferably 1: 0.7-3, and more preferably 1: 2.8.
Preferably, the concentration ratio of the reducing agent to the mercaptan small molecular compound in the mixed solution obtained by mixing the mercaptan small molecular compound, the chloroauric acid, the reducing agent and the solvent is less than 1.
Preferably, the reducing agent is one or more of sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, dimethylamine borane, lithium aluminum hydride and hydrogen.
More preferably, the pressure of the hydrogen gas used is 1 to 30 atmospheres.
Preferably, the solvent is one or more of ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, toluene, p-xylene, methanol and water.
Preferably, the dialysis purification is carried out at the temperature of 4-27 ℃, distilled water with the pH value of 2-7 is used as a solvent, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of a dialysis bag is 3000 Da.
Preferably, the particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
After the luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized by the method are dissolved in the solvent again, the pH value is adjusted, so that the gold nanoparticles are in different states (dispersion or aggregation), and the gold nanoparticles generate obvious color change; then a fluorescence spectrometer and an ultraviolet spectrometer are used for monitoring, and the fluorescence, the surface plasma resonance absorption and the mutual conversion can be obviously observed. The method utilizes a simple, efficient and reversible pH regulation strategy to obtain surface plasma resonance absorption signals from gold nanoparticles with ultra-small semiconductor properties for the first time, provides a new way for further understanding the optical characteristics of the gold nanoparticles and the design of a new generation of optical nanoparticles, and has important application in the fields of nano medicine, photoelectric materials, catalysis and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the synthesis method takes the thiol small molecular compound and the chloroauric acid as raw materials to synthesize the luminescent gold nanoparticles with ultra-small sizes in one step, and has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, low cost and easy large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a time-monitored spectrum of the product of the synthetic procedure of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a ray photoelectron spectrum of luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a spectrum of luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 1;
FIG. 4a is the absorption spectrum of the luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 1 in ultrapure water as a function of pH;
FIG. 4b is a graph showing the reversible absorption spectrum of the gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 1 in ultrapure water as a function of pH;
FIG. 4c is a fluorescence spectrum of the gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 1 in ultrapure water according to the change of pH;
FIG. 4d is the reversible fluorescence spectrum of the luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 1 in ultrapure water as a function of pH;
FIG. 4e is a TEM image of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles of example 1 dispersed in ultrapure water (pH 5.0);
FIG. 4f is a TEM image of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles of example 1 in an aggregated state (pH 2.0) in ultrapure water;
FIG. 5 is a time monitored spectrum of the product of the synthetic procedure of example 2;
FIG. 6a is the absorption spectrum of the luminescent gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 2 in ultrapure water as a function of pH;
FIG. 6b is a fluorescence spectrum of the gold nanoparticles synthesized in example 2 in ultrapure water according to the change of pH value;
FIG. 7 is a time monitored spectrum of the product of the synthetic procedure of example 3;
FIG. 8 is a time monitored spectrum of the product of the synthetic procedure of example 4;
FIG. 9 is a spectrum of the product as a function of the chloroauric acid/mercaptan ratio during the synthesis of example 5;
FIG. 10 is a time monitored spectrum of the product of the synthesis of example 5.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the scope and implementation of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In a specific embodiment, the fluorescence spectrometer and the ultraviolet spectrometer for observing fluorescence of gold nanoparticles and resonance absorption of surface plasmon and conversion between the fluorescence and the resonance absorption are an LS 55 luminescence spectrophotometer (perkin elmer, usa) and an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (shimadzu, UV 2600).
Example 1
The synthesis of the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property comprises the following specific steps:
in a three-necked flask, 150. mu.L of chloroauric acid (1M, solvent as ultrapure water), 9.0mL of mercaptobenzimidazole (50mM, solvent as ultrapure water), and 41.5mL of ultrapure water were placed in an ice water bath (4 ℃ C.), vigorously stirred, and then NaBH was slowly added dropwise4(1 mu mol) until the solution becomes bright yellow, continuing to react, stopping stirring after 80min, dialyzing and purifying in distilled water with pH of 2 (the temperature is 15 ℃, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of a dialysis bag is 3000Da) to remove small molecules and ions to obtain yellow liquid, then forming red frozen solid by freezing, and continuing to freeze and concentrate to obtain red powder, namely the target product.
In the synthesis process, the color change in different states is caused by surface plasmon resonance absorption generated by aggregation, which indicates that the luminescent gold nanoparticles with ultra-small size and surface plasmon resonance property are generated.
The particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
In the synthesis process, the spectrogram of the product changing with time is shown in fig. 1, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the optimal time for synthesizing the luminescent gold nanoparticles through reaction is 70 min.
The ray photoelectron spectrum of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles contain a large amount of au (i) up to 44%.
The spectrogram of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles have strong fluorescence characteristics.
And dissolving the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles in ultrapure water again, adjusting the pH value by using HCl and NaOH, and monitoring by using a fluorescence spectrometer and an ultraviolet spectrometer.
As shown in FIG. 4a, the absorption spectrum of the solution changed from pale yellow to red as the pH decreased, wherein the solution was pale yellow at pH 5.0, goose yellow at pH 4.5, yellow at pH 4.0, deep yellow at pH 3.5, orange at pH 3.0, orange at pH 2.5, and red at pH 2.0, as shown in FIG. 4 a. The color change shows the appearance of surface plasma resonance absorption, and proves that the pH value regulation strategy can realize the observation of surface plasma resonance absorption signals from the ultra-small semi-conductive luminescent gold nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the generated surface plasmon resonance absorption can be further red-shifted (from 440nm at pH 5.0 to 570nm at pH 2.0, the reversible absorption spectrum at 570nm is shown in FIG. 4 b), and further proves that the state of the ultra-small luminescent gold nanoparticles in the solution can be changed by adjusting the pH value.
The absorption and fluorescence at two positions of pH 5.0 and pH 2.0 can be reversibly changed, and the fluorescence spectrogram and the reversible fluorescence spectrogram are respectively shown in FIG. 4c and FIG. 4d, which confirms that the relation of relevant conversion exists between the fluorescence and the surface plasma resonance absorption; and, as can be seen from fig. 4d, as the pH becomes lower, the fluorescence intensity decreases due to the aggregation of the luminescent gold nanoparticles rather than the increase of the radiative transition.
And it is directly proved by transmission electron microscopy (as shown in fig. 4e and fig. 4 f) that the strategy of adjusting and controlling the pH value can make the luminescent gold nanoparticles to be in a dispersed (high pH) state and an aggregated (low pH) state in the solution, thereby affecting the optical properties thereof.
Example 2
The synthesis of the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property comprises the following specific steps:
150 μ L of chloroauric acid (1M, solvent as ultrapure water), 8.400mL of triazole mercaptoalcohol (50mM, solvent as ultrapure water), and 41.5mL of ultrapure water were added to a three-necked flask at 27 ℃ with vigorous stirring, followed by slow dropwise addition of NaBH4(1 mu mol) until the solution becomes bright yellow, continuing the reaction, stopping stirring after 35min, dialyzing and purifying in distilled water with pH 7 (the temperature is 27 ℃, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of a dialysis bag is 3000Da) to remove small molecules and ions, and then concentrating by freezing to obtain the target product.
In the synthesis process, the spectrogram of the product changing with time is shown in fig. 5, and as can be seen from fig. 5, the optimal time for synthesizing the luminescent gold nanoparticles through reaction is 20 min.
The particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
And dissolving the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles in ultrapure water again, adjusting the pH value by using HCL and NaOH, and monitoring by using a fluorescence spectrometer and an ultraviolet spectrometer. As the pH value becomes smaller, the solution changes from light yellow to deep red, wherein the solution is light yellow at pH 5.0, yellow at pH 4.0, deep yellow at pH 3.5, orange yellow at pH 3.0, orange red at pH 2.5, and red at pH 2.0, and the change in color indicates the occurrence of surface plasmon resonance absorption, confirming that the strategy can achieve the metallic property of surface plasmon resonance from gold nanoparticles with ultra-small size semiconductor properties. The red shift (from 330nm at pH 5.0 to 570nm at pH 2.0) as shown in FIG. 6a is also generated, further confirming that pH control can allow the nanoparticles to assemble into aggregates, and the fluorescence intensity decreases as the pH becomes lower as shown in FIG. 6b, which is due to nonradiative transition caused by aggregation.
Example 3
The synthesis of the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property comprises the following specific steps:
to a three-necked flask, 150. mu.L of chloroauric acid (1M, solvent as ultrapure water), 8.4mL of mercaptoimidazole (50mM, solvent as ultrapure water), and 41.5mL of ultrapure water were added at 37 ℃ and vigorously stirred, followed by slow dropwise addition of NaBH4(1 mu mol) until the solution becomes bright yellow, continuing the reaction, stopping stirring after 30min, dialyzing and purifying in distilled water with pH of 2 (the temperature is 4 ℃, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of a dialysis bag is 3000Da) to remove small molecules and ions, and then concentrating by freezing to obtain the target product.
In the synthesis process, the spectrogram of the product changing with time is shown in fig. 7, and as can be seen from fig. 7, the optimal time for synthesizing the luminescent gold nanoparticles through reaction is 20 min.
The particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
And dissolving the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles in ultrapure water again, adjusting the pH value by using HCL and NaOH, and monitoring by using a fluorescence spectrometer and an ultraviolet spectrometer. The monitoring results showed that the solution changed from pale yellow to deep red as the pH decreased.
Example 4
The synthesis of the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property comprises the following specific steps:
to a three-necked flask, 150. mu.L of chloroauric acid (1M, solvent as ultrapure water), 2.1mL of cysteine (50mM, solvent as ultrapure water) and 41.5mL of ultrapure water were added at 95 ℃ and vigorously stirred, followed by slowly dropwise addition of NaBH4(1 mu mol) until the solution becomes bright yellow, continuing the reaction, stopping stirring after 15min, dialyzing and purifying in distilled water with pH 7 (the temperature is 20 ℃, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of a dialysis bag is 3000Da) to remove small molecules and ions, and then concentrating by freezing to obtain the target product.
In the synthesis process, the spectrogram of the product changing with time is shown in fig. 8, and as can be seen from fig. 8, the optimal time for synthesizing the luminescent gold nanoparticles through reaction is 10 min.
The particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
And dissolving the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles in ultrapure water again, adjusting the pH value by using HCL and NaOH, and monitoring by using a fluorescence spectrometer and an ultraviolet spectrometer. The monitoring results showed that the solution changed from pale yellow to deep red as the pH decreased.
Example 5
The synthesis of the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property comprises the following specific steps:
in an ice water bath (4 ℃), 150. mu.L of chloroauric acid (1M, solvent as ultrapure water) and mercaptoimidazoles (1M, solvent as ultrapure water) of different volumes were added to a three-necked flask, and stirred vigorously with 50mL of an ultrapure water stabilizing system, followed by slow dropwise addition of NaBH4(1 mu mol) until the solution turns to bright yellow, continuing the reaction, stopping stirring after 80min, dialyzing and purifying the solution in distilled water with pH of 2 (the temperature is 20 ℃, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of a dialysis bag is 3000Da) to remove small molecules and ions, and then concentrating the solution by freezing to obtain the target product.
In the synthesis process, the spectrogram of the product changing along with the ratio of the chloroauric acid to the mercaptan is shown in fig. 9, and as can be seen from fig. 9, the optimal ratio of the chloroauric acid to the mercaptan for synthesizing the luminescent gold nanoparticles through reaction is 1: 2.8; the spectrogram of the product changing along with time is shown in FIG. 10, and as can be seen from FIG. 10, the optimal time for synthesizing the luminescent gold nanoparticles through the reaction is 70 min.
The particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
And dissolving the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles in ultrapure water again, adjusting the pH value by using HCL and NaOH, and monitoring by using a fluorescence spectrometer and an ultraviolet spectrometer. The monitoring results showed that the solution changed from pale yellow to deep red as the pH decreased.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for synthesizing luminescent gold nanoparticles with surface plasmon resonance absorption property is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving and mixing a mercaptan small molecular compound, chloroauric acid, a reducing agent and a solvent, and reacting for 10-70 min at 4-95 ℃ under stirring; after the reaction is finished, dialyzing, purifying and removing small molecules and ions, and then freezing and concentrating to be absolutely dry to obtain the luminescent gold nanoparticles with the surface plasma resonance absorption property;
the thiol small molecular compound is cysteine, mercaptoimidazole, mercaptobenzimidazole or triazole thiol, or a compound with the following chemical structural formula:
R-SH
wherein R is an alkyl group or a heterocyclic ring containing a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom;
in a mixed solution obtained by mixing a mercaptol small molecular compound, chloroauric acid, a reducing agent and a solvent, the concentration ratio of the chloroauric acid to the mercaptol small molecular compound is 1: 0.7-3;
in a mixed solution obtained by mixing a small thiol molecular compound, chloroauric acid, a reducing agent and a solvent, the concentration ratio of the reducing agent to the small thiol molecular compound is less than 1;
the particle size of the synthesized luminescent gold nanoparticles is 1-3 nm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent is one or more of sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, dimethylamine borane, lithium aluminum hydride, and hydrogen.
3. The synthesis method according to claim 2, wherein the pressure of the hydrogen gas is 1 to 30 atmospheres.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is one or more of ethanol, isopropanol, isobutanol, toluene, p-xylene, methanol, and water.
5. The synthesis method of claim 1, wherein the dialysis purification is performed at a temperature of 4-27 ℃, the dialysis time is 12h, and the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 3000Da, and the distilled water with pH = 2-7 is used as a solvent.
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