CN108267330B - Device and method for rapidly sampling biological samples attached to body surfaces of small animals - Google Patents
Device and method for rapidly sampling biological samples attached to body surfaces of small animals Download PDFInfo
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- CN108267330B CN108267330B CN201810376998.3A CN201810376998A CN108267330B CN 108267330 B CN108267330 B CN 108267330B CN 201810376998 A CN201810376998 A CN 201810376998A CN 108267330 B CN108267330 B CN 108267330B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/70—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry
Abstract
A rapid sampling device and method for biological samples attached to the body surfaces of small animals are provided, wherein the device consists of a retaining bag and a sampling bag. The fixing bag is a breathable and light-proof unidirectional open bag, and the bag opening is provided with a drawstring for bundling the bag opening. The sampling bag is a two-way open bag, the upper opening is provided with a drawing rope for converging the bag opening, and the lower opening is provided with a plurality of concave-convex buckles for sealing. A closable sampling liquid injection port is arranged below the upper port. The method comprises the following steps: the animal head is sleeved on the animal head, the animal is protected by moderately tightening the rope at the bag opening, the protected animal is placed into the sampling bag through the lower opening of the sampling bag, the animal head penetrates out of the upper opening of the sampling bag, the rope at the upper opening of the sampling bag is moderately tightened, and all concave-convex buckles at the lower opening of the sampling bag are closed. And injecting preheated sampling liquid through the sampling liquid injection port, and holding and vibrating the sampling bag to enable the sample to fall into the sampling liquid. And after the sampling is finished, taking out the animal through the upper opening of the sampling bag, cleaning and properly drying the animal, and then releasing the animal. And (3) releasing the sampling liquid into the sample, and further processing by using a proper method according to the sampled biological characteristics to obtain the sample to be collected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to biological sample sampling equipment, in particular to a device and a method for rapidly sampling biological samples attached to the body surfaces of small animals.
Background
Organisms attached to the animal body surface include ectoparasites, adherent bacteria, fungi, viruses, and the like. These organisms have complex interactions with the attached animals, potentially significant effects on animal body and environmental biodiversity. Microorganisms and virus groups in these organisms may cause zoonosis, and through animal activities, infectious diseases are prevalent. Therefore, the animal body surface attachment organisms are important subjects for animal science, ecology and epidemiology research, and are important contents for epidemic disease monitoring.
The traditional animal body surface attachment biological sampling method mainly comprises a cotton swab method applied to microorganisms, a brushing method applied to parasites and the like, or skin appendages such as animal body surface tissues or hairs, feathers, scales and the like are directly sheared. The most prominent defects of the methods are that the sampling time is long, the animal is difficult to fix, the animal is in a stress state for a long time, the damage to the animal is easy to cause, and the method is abandoned by the international mainstream animal protection concept. In addition, these sampling methods are limited to local areas of the animal body surface, and it is difficult to collect a sufficient biological sample at a time without damaging the animal. Meanwhile, sampling personnel need to be in direct contact with animals, so that the difficulty of sampling protection is increased, the infection to the sampling personnel is easily caused, and the health of the sampling personnel is endangered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for rapidly sampling a biological sample attached to a small animal body surface, which are used for solving the problems that the existing biological sampling method attached to the animal body surface has long sampling time, small sampling amount, difficult animal fixation, easy damage to the animal caused by the fact that the animal is in a stress state for a long time and easy infection of sampling personnel.
The rapid sampling device for the biological samples attached to the body surfaces of the small animals comprises a fixing bag and a sampling bag, wherein the lower end of the fixing bag is provided with a bag opening, a bag opening rope drawing sleeve is arranged at the bag opening, and a bag opening rope drawing rope is penetrated in the bag opening rope drawing sleeve;
the upper end of the sampling bag is provided with a sampling bag upper opening, the lower end of the sampling bag is provided with a sampling bag lower opening, the sampling bag upper opening is provided with an upper opening rope drawing sleeve, an upper opening rope drawing sleeve is penetrated by the upper opening rope drawing sleeve, the sampling bag is provided with a sampling liquid injection opening which can be opened and closed, and the sampling bag lower opening is provided with a concave-convex buckle;
the retaining bag and the sampling bag are arranged up and down, the bag mouth rope drawing sleeve part is arranged in the sampling bag, and the bag mouth rope drawing sleeve is positioned at the upper mouth rope drawing sleeve part.
A rapid sampling method for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal is realized by the following steps:
step one, preparing a sampling liquid: according to the biological characteristics, selecting a required sampling liquid, and preheating the sampling liquid to be consistent with the body temperature of the animal;
step two, preparing a sampling bag: loosening a bag mouth drawing rope of the retaining bag and an upper mouth drawing rope of the sampling bag, and opening the concave-convex buckle;
step three, protecting and fixing the small animals: sleeving the protecting and fixing bag on the head of the small animal, converging the bag opening to the neck of the small animal, and tightly pulling the bag opening rope of the protecting and fixing bag;
step four, placing the small animals into a sampling bag: placing the head of the small animal after the fixation into the sampling bag from the lower opening of the sampling bag, penetrating the head of the small animal out of the upper opening of the sampling bag, positioning the neck of the small animal at the upper opening rope pulling sleeve, tightly pulling the upper opening rope pulling of the sampling bag, and closing all concave-convex buckles of the lower opening of the sampling bag;
step five, sampling: injecting 10 ml-30 ml of the preheated sampling liquid in the first step into the sampling liquid injection port, sealing the sampling liquid injection port, slightly oscillating the sampling bag in all directions by holding the sampling bag for 3-5 min, and enabling the attached organisms on the body surfaces of the small animals to fall into the sampling liquid to obtain sample suspension;
step six, releasing the small animals: loosening the upper port drawstring, taking out the small animal through the upper port of the sampling bag, cleaning the small animal, drying the hair or feather of the small animal, loosening the bag port drawstring of the retaining bag, and releasing the small animal;
step seven, sample liquid treatment: pouring out the sample liquid through the upper opening of the sampling bag, and filtering the sample liquid to obtain the required biological sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device of the invention is used for sampling, and solves the problems of small single sampling amount and long sampling time in the traditional method. The method of the invention uses a certain amount of sampling liquid to wash the animal body surface, and has the advantages of rapid sampling and large sampling amount. The sampling bag is favorable for reducing the dosage of the sampling liquid, improving the concentration of the sample and facilitating the subsequent treatment. The upper opening and the lower opening of the sampling bag are simultaneously opened, so that animals are placed into the sampling bag from bottom to top, the problem that the animals are difficult to place into the sampling bag due to scratching and kicking-off of the animals can be avoided, and the lower opening of the sampling bag can be conveniently sealed by a plurality of concave-convex buckles. The sampling liquid injection port can be sealed, so that the sampling liquid can be conveniently and rapidly injected into the sampling bag, and the processing time is saved. The animal head is placed in the dark environment by the retaining bag, so that the stress state of the animal is relieved, the struggling intensity of the animal is reduced, the sampling time is shortened, and animal welfare can be ensured. Because the object is a small animal, the method can avoid the damage of anesthesia to the animal without using anesthesia means. Meanwhile, as the animal is sealed in the sampling bag during sampling, the direct contact between the sampling personnel and the sample is avoided, more protective measures can be provided for the sampling personnel, and the safety of the sampling personnel is ensured.
2. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenient use. The whole device is made of cloth and plastic, and the cost is low. If the kit is applied to collecting microorganism samples, the kit can be cleaned and sterilized during manufacturing to prepare a sterile kit. If applied to collecting parasite specimens, can be repeatedly used after being cleaned, avoid waste, and is convenient for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rapid sampling device for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the small animal after the step three is secured;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a step four of placing a bird animal in the sampling bag 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the placement of the murine small animal in the sampling bag 2 in step four.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 and 3, the present embodiment is a rapid sampling device for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal, and the rapid sampling device comprises a retaining bag 1 and a sampling bag 2, wherein a bag opening 1-3 is arranged at the lower end of the retaining bag 1, a bag opening rope drawing sleeve 1-2 is arranged at the bag opening 1-3, and a bag opening rope drawing 1-1 is penetrated in the bag opening rope drawing sleeve 1-2;
the upper end of the sampling bag 2 is provided with a sampling bag upper opening 2-1, the lower end of the sampling bag 2 is provided with a sampling bag lower opening 2-6, the sampling bag upper opening 2-1 is provided with an upper opening rope drawing sleeve 2-2, an upper opening rope drawing 2-3 is penetrated in the upper opening rope drawing sleeve 2-2, the sampling bag 2 is provided with an openable sampling liquid injection opening 2-4 positioned below the upper opening rope drawing sleeve 2-2, and the sampling bag lower opening 2-6 is provided with a concave-convex buckle 2-5;
the retaining bag 1 and the sampling bag 2 are arranged up and down, the bag mouth rope drawing sleeve 1-2 is arranged in the sampling bag 2, and the bag mouth rope drawing sleeve 1-2 is positioned at the upper mouth rope drawing sleeve 2-2.
The sampling liquid injection port 2-4 is of a multi-time openable structure, can be opened for injecting sampling liquid, and can not flow out through the port after being closed.
The sampling liquid injection port 2-4 can also be closed by soft rubber and other materials, a medical injector is used for injecting the sampling liquid, and after the injector is extracted, the injection port 2-4 is naturally closed.
The concave-convex buckle 2-5 for sealing can be opened and closed for a plurality of times, small animals can be placed into the sampling bag 2 through the lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag when the concave-convex buckle is opened, and sampling liquid can be prevented from flowing out through the lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag when the concave-convex buckle is closed.
The concave-convex buckle 2-5 for sealing can take various forms, including a zipper buckle, a double faced adhesive tape and the like, can realize multiple opening and closing and can seal the structure of the lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag, and the concave-convex buckle 2-5 can be one or more. The lower opening of the sampling bag can also be closed in a mode of fixing the lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag by a clip.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, in which the fixing pouch 1 is made of a black, breathable, opaque material. Other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, in which the sampling bag 2 is made of a transparent, water impermeable material. Other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and is a method for rapidly sampling a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal, the method is implemented by:
step one, preparing a sampling liquid: according to the biological characteristics, selecting a required sampling liquid, such as PBS buffer solution, sterile water or 5% surfactant solution, and preheating the sampling liquid to be consistent with the body temperature of an animal;
step two, preparing a sampling bag 2: loosening the bag mouth drawing rope 1-1 of the retaining bag 1 and the upper mouth drawing rope 2-3 of the sampling bag 2, and opening the concave-convex buckle 2-5;
step three, protecting and fixing the small animals: the protecting and fixing bag 1 is sleeved on the head of the small animal, the bag mouth 1-3 is bunched to the neck of the small animal, the protecting and fixing bag 1 is not easy to fall off, the respiration of the animal is not affected, the bag mouth of the protecting and fixing bag 1-1 is tightly drawn,
step four, placing the small animals into a sampling bag 2: placing the head of the small animal after the fixation into the sampling bag 2 from the sampling bag lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag 2, penetrating the head of the small animal out of the sampling bag upper opening 2-1, positioning the neck of the small animal at the upper opening rope pulling sleeve 2-2, and tightly pulling the upper opening rope pulling sleeve 2-3 of the sampling bag 2, so that the sampling bag 2 is not easy to fall off, the animal breathing is not influenced, and all concave-convex buckles 2-5 of the lower opening of the sampling bag 2 are closed;
step five, sampling: injecting 10 ml-30 ml of the preheated sampling liquid in the first step into the sampling liquid injection port 2-4, sealing the sampling liquid injection port 2-4, slightly oscillating the sampling bag 2 in all directions for 3-5 min by holding the sampling bag in the hand, and enabling the attached organisms on the body surface of the small animal to fall into the sampling liquid to obtain sample suspension;
step six, releasing the small animals: loosening the upper port drawstring 2-3, taking out the small animal through the upper port 2-1 of the sampling bag, cleaning the small animal, drying the hair or feather of the small animal, loosening the bag port drawstring 1-1 of the retaining bag 1, and releasing the small animal;
step seven, sample liquid treatment: pouring out the sample liquid through the upper opening 2-1 of the sampling bag 2, and filtering the sample liquid to obtain the required biological sample.
Fifth embodiment: in this embodiment, if avian fungi are collected, the sample solution in the first step is PBS buffer solution of pH 7.5. The other steps are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.
Specific embodiment six: in this embodiment, if the collected fungi are birds, the sample liquid treatment method in the seventh step is as follows: and pouring out the sample liquid, rinsing the inside of the sampling bag 2 with 5ml PBS buffer solution, mixing the rinsed liquid with the sample liquid to obtain sample suspension, filtering the sample mixed liquid by using a bacterial filter, and enriching the fungus sample on a filter membrane to obtain the biological sample attached to the body surface of the small animal. The other steps are the same as those of the fifth embodiment.
Seventh embodiment: in this embodiment, if the fungus is collected from birds, the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth steps may be performed aseptically. Other steps are the same as those of the fourth, fifth or sixth embodiment.
Eighth embodiment: in this embodiment, if hard ticks of mice are collected, the sampling liquid in the first step is a civil detergent. The other steps are the same as those of the fourth embodiment. The other steps are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.
Detailed description nine: in this embodiment, if a hard tick of murine type is collected, the sample liquid treatment method in the seventh step is as follows: and pouring out the sample liquid, filtering the sample liquid by using common filter paper, and filling the hard ticks left on the filter paper into a sample tube to obtain the biological sample attached to the body surface of the small animal. The other steps are the same as those of embodiment eight.
Application example of the present invention:
example 1:
and collecting a surface fungus sample of the woodpecker so as to analyze whether the woodpecker can spread fungi between the healthy tree and the diseased tree. The sampling steps are as follows:
step one, as fungi are collected, the follow-up treatment uses high-throughput sequencing to analyze the fungi composition, PBS buffer solution with pH of 7.5 is selected, and the mixture is preheated to 42 ℃;
step two, adopting semi-aseptic operation, loosening a bag mouth drawing rope 1-1 of a retaining bag 1, an upper mouth drawing rope 2-3 of a sampling bag 2, and separating concave-convex buckles 2-5 for closing the lower mouths of all the sampling bags 2;
step three, using a fog net to catch a large-spot woodpecker, sleeving the protecting and fixing bag 1 on the head of the woodpecker, moderately pulling a bag opening drawstring 1-1 of the protecting and fixing bag 1, and converging a bag opening 1-3 of the protecting and fixing bag 1 to a large-spot woodpecker neck, so that the protecting and fixing bag 1 is not easy to fall off and the respiration of the protecting and fixing bag is not influenced (see figure 2), and in this way, sampling personnel can be prevented from being sucked and injured by birds in the subsequent operation, animals are protected, and the safety of the sampling personnel is also protected;
step four, the head of the large-spot woodpecker after the fixation is upwards, the large-spot woodpecker is placed into a sampling bag 2 through a lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag, the head penetrates out of an upper opening 2-1 of the sampling bag, a rope 2-3 is pulled out of the upper opening of the sampling bag 2 in a proper manner, the upper opening of the sampling bag is bunched to the neck, the sampling bag 2 is not easy to fall off, the breathing of the large-spot woodpecker is not influenced, and all concave-convex buckles 2-5 (see figure 3) of the lower opening of the sampling bag are closed;
step five, injecting 20ml PBS buffer solution preheated to 42 ℃ through a sampling solution injection port 2-4, closing the sampling solution injection port 2-4, holding a sampling bag 2, keeping the head of the large-spot woodpecker upwards, slightly oscillating for 3min in each direction, and enabling fungi attached to the body surface of the large-spot woodpecker to fall into the sampling solution;
step six, loosening the upper port suction rope 2-3 of the sampling bag 2 after the sampling is finished, taking out the large-spot woodpecker, cleaning the animal with clean water preheated to 42 ℃, drying the feather, loosening the bag port suction rope 1-1 of the retaining bag 1, and releasing the large-spot woodpecker;
and seventhly, pouring out the sampling liquid through the upper opening 2-1 of the sampling bag, buffering and rinsing the inside of the sampling bag 2 by using 5ml of PBS, and combining the rinsing liquid into the sampling liquid. The sample was filtered using a bacterial filter, and the fungal sample was concentrated on a filter membrane and sent to sequencing company for high throughput sequencing.
Example 2:
and (5) collecting a hard tick sample on the body surface of the flower mouse. The sampling steps are as follows:
step one, as hard ticks are collected and climbed on the hair of a flower mouse, a surfactant can be used for weakening the climbing force of the hard ticks and enabling the hard ticks to fall off from the surface of an animal. In the embodiment, 10% of commercial household detergent is used as a sampling liquid, and the sampling liquid is preheated to 37 ℃;
step two, as the collected animal samples do not need aseptic operation, directly loosening the bag mouth drawing rope 1-1 of the retaining bag 1, the upper mouth drawing rope 2-3 of the sampling bag 2 and separating all concave-convex buckles 2-5 for sealing the lower mouth of the sampling bag 2;
step three, catching the mice in a cage, sleeving the fixing bag 1 on the head of the mice, moderately tightening the bag mouth drawstring 1-1 of the fixing bag 1, and bunching the bag mouth 1-3 of the fixing bag 1 to the neck of the mice, so that the fixing bag 1 is not easy to fall off and the breathing of the mice is not affected (see figure 4);
step four, the head of the preserved flower mouse is put into the sampling bag 2 through the lower opening 2-6 of the sampling bag, the head penetrates out of the upper opening 2-1 of the sampling bag, the upper opening of the sampling bag 2 is moderately tightened to draw the rope 2-3, the upper opening of the sampling bag is bunched to the neck, the sampling bag 2 is not easy to fall off, the respiration of the flower mouse is not influenced, and all concave-convex buckles of the lower opening of the sampling bag are closed (see figure 4);
step five, injecting 20ml of 10% cleaning semen preheated to 37 ℃ through a sampling liquid injection port 2-4, closing the sampling liquid injection port 2-4, holding a sampling bag 2, keeping the head of a flower mouse upwards, slightly oscillating for 5min in each direction, and enabling hard ticks attached to the body surface of the flower mouse to fall into the sampling liquid;
step six, after the sampling is finished, loosening the upper port drawing rope 2-3 of the sampling bag 2, taking out the flower mice, washing the animals with clear water preheated to 37 ℃, then wiping the hair, loosening the bag port drawing rope 1-1 of the retaining bag 1, and releasing the flower mice;
and seventhly, pouring out the sampling liquid through the upper opening 2-1 of the sampling bag, filtering the sampling liquid by using common filter paper, and transferring hard ticks remained on the filter paper to a specimen tube.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications and changes on the basis of the prior art, which should fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A biological sample rapid sampling device is attached to toy body surface which characterized in that: the sampling device comprises a fixing bag (1) and a sampling bag (2), wherein a bag opening (1-3) is formed in the lower end of the fixing bag (1), a bag opening rope drawing sleeve (1-2) is arranged at the bag opening (1-3), and a bag opening rope drawing (1-1) is penetrated in the bag opening rope drawing sleeve (1-2);
the upper end of the sampling bag (2) is provided with a sampling bag upper opening (2-1), the lower end of the sampling bag (2) is provided with a sampling bag lower opening (2-6), an upper opening rope drawing sleeve (2-2) is arranged at the sampling bag upper opening (2-1), an upper opening rope drawing (2-3) is penetrated in the upper opening rope drawing sleeve (2-2), an openable sampling liquid injection opening (2-4) is arranged below the upper opening rope drawing sleeve (2-2) on the sampling bag (2), and a concave-convex buckle (2-5) is arranged at the sampling bag lower opening (2-6);
the retaining bag (1) and the sampling bag (2) are arranged up and down, the bag mouth rope drawing sleeve (1-2) is arranged in the sampling bag (2), and the bag mouth rope drawing sleeve (1-2) is positioned at the upper mouth rope drawing sleeve (2-2).
2. The rapid sampling device for body surface attachment biological samples of small animals according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing bag (1) is made of black, breathable and opaque materials.
3. The rapid sampling device for body surface attachment biological samples of small animals according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the sampling bag (2) is made of transparent and watertight material.
4. A method for realizing rapid sampling of a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal by using the rapid sampling device for the biological sample attached to the body surface of the small animal according to claim 1, the method comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing a sampling liquid: according to the biological characteristics, selecting a required sampling liquid, and preheating the sampling liquid to be consistent with the body temperature of the animal;
step two, preparing a sampling bag (2): loosening a bag mouth drawing rope (1-1) of the retaining bag (1) and an upper mouth drawing rope (2-3) of the sampling bag (2), and opening a concave-convex buckle (2-5);
step three, protecting and fixing the small animals: sleeving the protecting and fixing bag (1) on the head of the small animal, converging the bag opening (1-3) to the neck of the small animal, and tightly pulling the bag opening pulling rope (1-1) of the protecting and fixing bag (1);
step four, placing the small animals into a sampling bag (2): placing the head of the small animal after the fixation into the sampling bag (2) from the lower opening (2-6) of the sampling bag (2), penetrating the head of the small animal out of the upper opening (2-1) of the sampling bag, positioning the neck of the small animal at the upper opening rope pulling sleeve (2-2), tightly pulling the upper opening rope (2-3) of the sampling bag (2), and closing all concave-convex buckles (2-5) of the lower opening of the sampling bag (2);
step five, sampling: injecting the preheated sampling liquid in the first step into 10 ml-30 ml through a sampling liquid injection port (2-4), sealing the sampling liquid injection port (2-4), slightly oscillating the sampling bag (2) towards all directions for 3 min-5 min by holding, so that the attached living things on the body surface of the small animal fall into the sampling liquid, and obtaining sample suspension;
step six, releasing the small animals: loosening the upper opening drawing rope (2-3), taking out the small animal through the upper opening (2-1) of the sampling bag, cleaning the small animal, drying the hair or feather of the small animal, loosening the bag opening drawing rope (1-1) of the retaining bag (1), and releasing the small animal;
step seven, sample liquid treatment: pouring out the sample liquid through the upper opening (2-1) of the sampling bag (2), and filtering the sample liquid to obtain the required biological sample.
5. The rapid sampling method for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal according to claim 4, wherein the rapid sampling method comprises the following steps: if birds fungi are collected, the sample solution in step one is selected from PBS buffer with pH 7.5.
6. The rapid sampling method for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal according to claim 5, wherein the rapid sampling method comprises the following steps: if the fungus of the birds is collected, the sample liquid treatment mode in the step seven is as follows: and pouring out sample liquid, rinsing the inside of the sampling bag (2) with 5ml PBS buffer solution, mixing the rinsed liquid with the sample liquid to obtain sample suspension, filtering the sample mixed liquid by using a bacterial filter, and enriching the fungus sample on a filter membrane to obtain the biological sample attached to the body surface of the small animal.
7. The rapid sampling method for body surface attachment biological samples of small animals according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the rapid sampling method comprises the following steps: if the fungi of birds are collected, the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth steps can be performed in a sterile manner.
8. The rapid sampling method for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal according to claim 4, wherein the rapid sampling method comprises the following steps: if hard ticks of mice are collected, the sampling liquid in the first step is selected from civil detergent.
9. The rapid sampling method for a biological sample attached to a body surface of a small animal according to claim 8, wherein: if a hard tick of a murine species is collected, the sample liquid treatment in the step seven is as follows: and pouring out the sample liquid, filtering the sample liquid by using common filter paper, and filling the hard ticks left on the filter paper into a sample tube to obtain the biological sample attached to the body surface of the small animal.
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