CN108264279B - Method for preparing porous granular composite material by using red mud and fly ash as raw materials - Google Patents

Method for preparing porous granular composite material by using red mud and fly ash as raw materials Download PDF

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CN108264279B
CN108264279B CN201810006908.1A CN201810006908A CN108264279B CN 108264279 B CN108264279 B CN 108264279B CN 201810006908 A CN201810006908 A CN 201810006908A CN 108264279 B CN108264279 B CN 108264279B
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red mud
fly ash
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granular composite
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CN108264279A (en
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王丽萍
赵雅琴
张家明
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28016Particle form
    • B01J20/28021Hollow particles, e.g. hollow spheres, microspheres or cenospheres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/281Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02Selection of the hardening environment
    • C04B40/0204Selection of the hardening environment making use of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
    • C04B40/0213Electromagnetic waves
    • C04B40/0218Microwaves
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/02Selection of the hardening environment
    • C04B40/024Steam hardening, e.g. in an autoclave
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing porous granular composite material by using red mud and fly ash as raw materials, which comprises the steps of selecting cement waste as a binder, uniformly mixing the cement waste with the binder accounting for 5% of the mass ratio of the red mud by using the fly ash as the binder, and preparing raw material particles with the uniform diameter of 5-8mm by using a granulator; and (3) introducing water vapor into the raw materials in a microwave activation reactor with unit mass power of 5-20w/g for activation for 15-30min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the porous granular composite material. According to the invention, CaO in the red mud is utilized to promote the activation of the activity of the fly ash, through microwave heating, the components such as silicon oxide and the like in the red mud and the fly ash react to increase the strength of the granular material, and meanwhile, unburned carbon in the fly ash can increase the specific surface area of the granules and generate a pore structure after microwave activation. The produced porous granular composite material has the advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, good temperature resistance and stability, simple preparation process, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.

Description

Method for preparing porous granular composite material by using red mud and fly ash as raw materials
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of strong alkali waste and coal-based solid waste in alumina industry, in particular to a method for preparing a porous granular composite material by taking red mud and fly ash as raw materials.
Background
The red mud is strong-alkaline solid waste generated in the industrial production process of alumina, and 1.0-2.0 t of red mud is generated in the production of 1t of alumina due to the difference of the process and the grade of bauxite. The red mud chemically combined with alkali has stable occurrence state, high salt content and complex chemical components and mineral phase composition, so the comprehensive utilization is difficult. Mainly stockpiled, and the stockpiled amount of red mud in 2015 worldwide is up to 40 hundred million tons and 1.2 hundred million t.a-1The yield of alumina in 2016 years in China is about 6100X 104t, the external discharge capacity of red mud reaches 7000 multiplied by 104t, the accumulated stock quantity exceeds 5X 108t. The environmental ecological safety problem of red mud piling restricts the sustainable development of the alumina industry.
In the process of piling up the red mud, the particles on the surface layer of the red mud are strong alkaline salt, the particle size is mostly 2-20 mu m, serious air pollution is easily caused, and the sedimentation effect of alkaline particles can also cause potential harm to the surrounding ecological environment and human health. The red mud piling has the problems of slow soil forming process, difficult plant growth, difficult ecological reconstruction of a yard and the like.
China takes coal as main energy, about 70 percent of the coal is used for thermal power generation, and the total stockpiling amount of fly ash generated by coal burning exceeds 10 hundred million t. The fly ash not only occupies a large amount of land, but also causes serious environmental pollution. The coal-series solid wastes such as the fly ash and the like are comprehensively utilized, and the sustainable development of the Chinese economy and the coal-electricity industry can be supported.
The Bayer process is a main process for producing alumina, the comprehensive utilization of red mud discharged in the production process is a worldwide problem, the microwave activation technology of the porous granular composite material taking the red mud and the fly ash as raw materials can effectively treat red mud waste, reduce the pollution of the red mud to the environment and treat waste with waste, and simultaneously, the method has the advantages of simple preparation process, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, treatment of waste with waste and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a porous granular composite material by taking red mud and fly ash as raw materials and activating the raw materials by microwaves, which aims at solving the problem that the red mud waste and the fly ash cannot be effectively utilized at present, realizes the comprehensive utilization of the red mud and the fly ash, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a porous granular composite material by taking red mud and fly ash as raw materials comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing the red mud, the fly ash and the binder;
step 2: preparing the mixture obtained in the step 1 into raw material particles;
and step 3: introducing steam into the raw material particles obtained in the step 2 in a microwave activation reactor for activation;
and 4, step 4: and (4) cooling the raw material particles treated in the step (3) to obtain the porous granular composite material.
Preferably, the red mud is bayer process red mud, and the fly ash is circulating fluidized bed boiler fly ash.
Preferably, in the mixture obtained in the step 1, the mass ratio of the fly ash is 10-30% of the mass ratio of the red mud, and the mass ratio of the binder is not more than 5%.
Preferably, the binder is cement.
Preferably, the microwave activation time in step 3 is 15-30 min. Too short microwave activation time is not enough to form pores, and too long microwave activation time may cause sintering.
Preferably, the unit mass power of the microwave activation reactor is 5-20 w/g.
Preferably, the particle size of the granular adsorbing material is 5-8 mm.
Has the advantages that: (1) the method can improve the activity and the strength of the composite material due to the existence of a fly ash-red mud (lime) system. The fly ash under the circulating fluidized bed boiler at 900 ℃ selected as raw material contains more glass bodies, wherein soluble SiO2、Al2O3Active SiO2、Al2O3Can be mixed with lime and water in the red mud to generate hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) and hydrated calcium aluminate (C-A-H) with higher strength and hydraulicity.
(2) The chemical components of the fly ash are weakly acidic, and the activity of the fly ash is easier to be excited in the preparation process of Bayer process red mud. Under the action of OH < - >, Si-O and Al-O bonds on the surface of the fly ash particles are broken, and the polymerization degree of Si-O-Al network polymers can be reduced.
(3) The material converts electromagnetic energy into heat energy in a dipole rotation and ion conduction mode under the action of a microwave electromagnetic field, so that the inside and the outside can be simultaneously and rapidly heated, and the effect of catalytic reaction is achieved. In the preparation process, the microwave activated material sample can obtain a higher specific surface area, so that the sample has the characteristics of layering and porous loosening, the activation time can be greatly shortened, and the energy consumption can be reduced. Therefore, in the preparation of the porous material, the microwave activation has obvious advantages compared with the common heating activation mode.
(4) Part of metal oxides (such as CaO and Al) in the red mud and the fly ash are heated by microwaves2O3And Fe2O3) And the silicate with a relatively stable structure can be formed by reacting with components such as silicon oxide and the like, so that the strength of the granulated material is increased, and the hydraulic impact load resistance of the material is improved. Meanwhile, in the activation process of the raw material particles, hydrated minerals, carbonate minerals and the like in the red mud and the fly ash are easy to decompose and release moisture or gas, which is beneficial to the internal shape of the particlesForming a pore structure; the fly ash contains a certain proportion of unburned carbon, and the purposes of increasing the specific surface area of particles and generating a pore structure can be achieved through microwave activation.
(5) The porous granular composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of uniform granularity, large specific surface area, strong adsorbability, good temperature resistance and stability, simple preparation process, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness and great advantage in the aspect of adsorbing and treating wastewater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to examples.
The invention provides a method for preparing a porous granular composite material by microwave activation by using red mud and fly ash as raw materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) the Bayer process high-iron red mud and circulating fluidized bed boiler fly ash are selected as main raw materials for preparing the composite material; in order to increase the rapid plasticity of the granular material, the cement waste is selected as a binder (the dosage ratio is controlled within 5%).
2) Drying and crushing the raw materials, and screening the raw materials by a 100-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle sizes of the raw material powder are relatively uniform and the raw material powder is convenient to fully mix; uniformly mixing 10-30% of the fly ash by mass of the red mud with 5% of a binder, and preparing raw material particles with uniform diameter of 5-8mm by a granulator; and (3) introducing water vapor into the raw materials in a microwave activation reactor with unit mass power of 5-20w/g for activation for 15-30min, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the granular adsorption material with certain strength.
The red mud is prepared from Bayer process red mud of Shandong Zibo, Shandong division of aluminum industry, and the main components are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0001538918350000031
selecting circulating fluidized bed boiler fly ash from Huamei pithead environment-friendly thermoelectric Limited company (Xuzhou, Jiangsu):
Figure BDA0001538918350000032
example 1:
drying and crushing red mud in an aluminum plant, and screening by a 100-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of raw material powder is relatively uniform and is convenient for full mixing; according to the sintering method, the mass ratio of the red mud, the fly ash and the cement is 85: 10: 5, uniformly mixing raw materials with certain mass, and preparing raw material particles with uniform diameter of 5-8mm by a granulator; and introducing steam into the raw materials in a microwave activation reactor for curing and activation for 15min, wherein the unit mass power of the raw materials is 7.3667 w/g. Cooling at room temperature to obtain a granular porous adsorption material with certain strength and specific surface area of 17.8372m2/g。
Example 2:
drying and crushing red mud in an aluminum plant, and screening by a 100-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of raw material powder is relatively uniform and is convenient for full mixing; according to the sintering method, the mass ratio of the red mud, the fly ash and the cement is 80: 15: 5, uniformly mixing raw materials with certain mass, and preparing raw material particles with uniform diameter of 5-8mm by a granulator; and introducing air into the raw materials in a microwave activation reactor for curing and activation for 20min, wherein the unit mass power of the raw materials is 13.8667 w/g. Cooling at room temperature to obtain a granular porous adsorption material with certain strength and specific surface area of 19.4283m2/g。
Example 3:
drying and crushing red mud in an aluminum plant, and screening by a 100-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size of raw material powder is relatively uniform and is convenient for full mixing; according to the sintering method, the mass ratio of the red mud, the fly ash and the cement is 75: 20: 5, uniformly mixing raw materials with certain mass, and preparing raw material particles with uniform diameter of 5-8mm by a granulator; and introducing air into the raw materials in a microwave activation reactor for curing and activating for 30min, wherein the unit mass power of the raw materials is 19.5 w/g. Cooling at room temperature to obtain a granular porous adsorption material with certain strength and specific surface area of 23.2719m2/g。
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for preparing a porous granular composite material by taking red mud and fly ash as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying and crushing the red mud, and screening the red mud by a 100-mesh sieve; according to the mass ratio of the red mud, the fly ash and the cement of 75: 20: 5, uniformly mixing raw materials with certain mass, and preparing raw material particles with uniform diameter of 5-8mm by a granulator; and introducing air into the raw materials in a microwave activation reactor for curing and activating for 30min, wherein the unit mass power of the microwave activation reactor is 19.5w/g, and cooling at room temperature to obtain the porous granular composite material.
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CN109485454A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-03-19 雅安远创陶瓷有限责任公司 It is a kind of to have effects that the ceramic of water purification and preparation method
CN109731544A (en) * 2019-01-30 2019-05-10 中国矿业大学 A kind of red mud-clinker-cementitious composite dephosphorization agent preparation method
CN110314642A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-10-11 昌鑫生态科技(陕西)有限公司 Industrial Solid Waste processes high-performance adsorbent material production technology
CN110653247B (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-11-19 中国矿业大学 Soil phosphorus condition improvement method based on red mud-based composite solid waste material recycling
CN111517702A (en) * 2020-04-28 2020-08-11 宁夏大学 Porous material for desert water retention and preparation method thereof, desert water retention material and desert water retention covering method
CN111992177B (en) * 2020-09-07 2022-09-02 贵州大学 Non-thermal activation red mud particle adsorbent and preparation method thereof
CN114515563A (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-05-20 谭中欣 Preparation method of novel recyclable hydraulic silicate composite biochar material
CN112604655B (en) * 2020-11-27 2022-06-14 天津市城市新海绵环保科技有限公司 Application of coal-based gasified slag, composite porous adsorption base material and preparation method thereof
CN112533467B (en) * 2020-12-04 2023-06-06 太原科技大学 Method for preparing microwave absorbing material by utilizing red mud and coal gasification residues and application thereof
CN113786703B (en) * 2021-10-14 2022-11-11 辽宁科技大学 Method for efficiently adsorbing and purifying flue gas by using microwave outfield and industrial waste residues

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