CN108253904B - Sensitization type fiber bragg grating sensor, strain monitoring system and strain monitoring method - Google Patents
Sensitization type fiber bragg grating sensor, strain monitoring system and strain monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108253904B CN108253904B CN201810093877.8A CN201810093877A CN108253904B CN 108253904 B CN108253904 B CN 108253904B CN 201810093877 A CN201810093877 A CN 201810093877A CN 108253904 B CN108253904 B CN 108253904B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sensitization type fiber grating sensor, a strain monitoring system and a strain monitoring method; wherein, the sensitization type fiber grating sensor includes: the sensitivity enhancing fiber bragg grating device comprises a sensitivity enhancing fiber bragg grating, a flexible structure to be detected, an optical fiber and a flexible protective sleeve; the sensitization fiber grating is implanted in the flexible structure to be tested; a flexible protective sleeve is arranged between the optical fiber and the flexible structure to be tested so as to realize the isolation of the optical fiber and the flexible structure to be tested at the implantation section; a sensitized optical fiber grating comprising: at least two sensitization balls with through holes in the centers and fiber gratings; the fiber grating sequentially passes through the central through hole of each sensitization pellet and is connected with each sensitization pellet; all the sensitization balls are arranged on the fiber bragg grating according to a preset interval. The strain monitoring device and the strain monitoring method realize the strain monitoring of the flexible structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber grating sensors, and particularly relates to a sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor, a strain monitoring system and a strain monitoring method.
Background
The fiber grating sensor is a novel sensor taking a grating as a sensor and an optical fiber as an optical waveguide, has the characteristics of high sensitivity, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, small volume, light weight, easiness in networking and the like, and becomes the development direction of a new generation of sensors. For example, the existing fiber grating sensor can be implanted into a composite material or an intelligent material to form an intelligent sensor network, and can monitor physical quantities such as strain, temperature, deformation and the like of a structure, namely, implanted measurement, which is one of the most promising advanced sensors.
For flexible structures, such as silica gel, rubber, solid fuel, etc., strain monitoring is required in various storage, transportation and mechanical environments for health monitoring and safety assessment. However, the existing implanted measurement method is difficult to satisfy the monitoring of the strain of the flexible structure: 1. if the flexible fiber bragg grating sensor is adopted for implantation, the flexible fiber bragg grating sensor is easy to damage in the implantation process due to too low strength; meanwhile, the flexible structure cannot be positioned, so that strain monitoring of the flexible structure cannot be realized. 2. If the conventional fiber grating sensor is adopted for implantation, due to the fact that the relative rigidity of the conventional fiber grating sensor is too large, after the conventional fiber grating sensor is implanted into a flexible structure, the strain of the flexible structure is only transmitted to the conventional fiber grating sensor with extremely low efficiency, and the resolution is low; meanwhile, the tensile force applied to the optical fiber can be transmitted to the optical fiber grating, so that the accuracy of strain measurement at a measuring point of the optical fiber grating is affected, and the long-term monitoring and safety assessment of the strain of the flexible structure cannot be accurately realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is solved: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the sensitivity enhanced fiber bragg grating sensor, the strain monitoring system and the strain monitoring method are provided, so that the strain of the flexible structure is monitored.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a sensitization type fiber grating sensor, which comprises: the device comprises a sensitization fiber grating 1, a flexible structure 2 to be tested, an optical fiber 3 and a flexible protective sleeve 4;
the sensitization fiber grating 1 is implanted in the flexible structure 2 to be tested;
a flexible protective sleeve 4 is arranged between the optical fiber 3 and the flexible structure 2 to be tested so as to realize the isolation of the optical fiber 3 at the implantation section from the flexible structure 2 to be tested;
the sensitization fiber grating 1 comprises: at least two sensitization beads 11 with through holes at the center and fiber gratings 12; the fiber bragg grating 12 sequentially penetrates through the central through hole of each sensitization small ball 11 and is connected with each sensitization small ball 11; the sensitization beads 11 are arranged on the fiber grating 12 according to a preset interval.
In the sensitization type fiber grating sensor, the sensitization ball 11 is made of spherical or ellipsoidal rigid plastics.
In the above-mentioned sensitization type fiber grating sensor, the diameter of the sensitization ball 11 is: 1-10 mm; the diameter of the central through hole is not more than 0.5 mm.
In the sensitization type fiber grating sensor, the number of the sensitization beads 11 is two; wherein, the two sensitization beads 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the fiber grating 12.
In the sensitivity enhanced fiber bragg grating sensor, the elastic modulus of the flexible structure 2 to be detected is less than or equal to 500 MPa.
In the sensitivity enhanced fiber bragg grating sensor, the elastic modulus of the flexible protective sleeve 4 is not more than that of the flexible structure 2 to be detected; wherein, one end of the flexible protective sleeve 4 is fixed on the sensitization ball 11, and the other end is led out of the flexible structure 2 to be measured.
In the sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor, the inner diameter of the flexible protective sleeve 4 is larger than the diameter of the optical fiber 3.
In the sensitization type fiber grating sensor, the sensitization ball 11 and the fiber grating 12 are bonded through an adhesive.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a strain monitoring system, which comprises: the sensitization type fiber grating sensor 100, the fiber grating demodulator 200 and the upper computer 300;
the sensitization type fiber grating sensor 100 is accessed to the fiber grating demodulator 200; the fiber grating demodulator 200 is configured to convert an optical signal output by the sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor 100 into a central wavelength of a spectrum of reflected light of the sensitivity enhanced fiber grating, and output the wavelength;
the upper computer 300 is connected with the fiber grating demodulator 200; the upper computer 300 is configured to calculate according to the spectral center wavelength of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber grating, obtain the strain of the flexible structure to be measured, and output the strain.
Correspondingly, the invention also discloses a strain monitoring method, which is applied to the strain monitoring system and comprises the following steps:
converting an optical signal output by the sensitization type fiber grating sensor into the center wavelength of a spectrum of reflected light of the sensitization type fiber grating through a fiber grating demodulator;
and resolving the spectral center wavelength of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber bragg grating by an upper computer to obtain the strain of the flexible structure to be detected and outputting the strain.
In the above method for monitoring strain, the calculating, by the upper computer, the center wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber bragg grating to obtain the strain of the flexible structure to be measured, and outputting, includes:
calculating the center wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber bragg grating by an upper computer according to the following formula (1) to obtain the strain epsilon of the flexible structure to be measuredZAnd outputting:
wherein λ istThe center wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber grating during measurement is shown; lambda [ alpha ]0Indicating the initial central wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light when the sensitization fiber grating is calibrated after being implanted into the flexible structure to be tested; n represents strain transfer efficiency; k represents a sensitivity coefficient.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention discloses a sensitivity-enhanced fiber grating sensor, a strain monitoring system and a method, which are mainly applied to the strain monitoring of a flexible structure: the sensitization ball and the fiber grating are utilized to form the sensitization fiber grating, and in the process that the flexible structure to be tested is stressed to deform, the sensitization ball can move along with the flexible structure to be tested and can effectively transfer the deformation of the flexible structure to be tested to the fiber grating sensor, namely, the sensitization transfer of strain from the flexible structure to be tested to the sensitization fiber grating is realized, the strain transfer efficiency is improved, and then the implanted measurement of the strain of the flexible structure is realized.
(2) In the process of implanting the sensitization fiber grating into the flexible structure to be measured, the isolation of the optical fiber and the flexible structure to be measured in the implantation section can be realized by selecting a reasonable material and a flexible protection sleeve with the inner diameter, other stresses except the monitoring point are effectively isolated, the positioning monitoring is realized, and the measurement precision is improved.
(3) Compared with a single fiber grating sensor structure, the invention can improve the sensitivity of the fiber grating sensor by several times to dozens of times by selecting the reasonable size of the sensitization structure, and realize accurate measurement and real-time monitoring of the strain of the flexible structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensitization fiber grating sensor in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a strain monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, common embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a sensitivity-enhanced fiber grating sensor, which is used for monitoring the strain of a flexible structure (such as structures of colloid, rubber, lipid and the like), and has the following working principle: the sensitization pellet and the fiber grating are utilized to form the sensitization fiber grating, and in the process that the flexible structure to be detected is stressed to deform, the sensitization pellet can move along with the flexible structure to be detected, and meanwhile the deformation of the flexible structure to be detected can be effectively transmitted to the fiber grating sensor, so that sensitization and monitoring are achieved. Secondly, in the process of implanting the sensitization fiber grating into the flexible structure to be measured, the isolation of the optical fiber and the flexible structure to be measured at an implantation section can be realized by selecting a flexible protection sleeve made of reasonable materials and having an inner diameter, so that the irregular tension of the optical fiber to the fiber grating sensor is effectively isolated, and the implantation and positioning measurement of the flexible structure to be measured are realized. Compared with a single fiber grating sensor structure, the sensitivity enhancement type fiber grating sensor provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the sensitivity of the fiber grating sensor by several times to dozens of times, and realize real-time monitoring of the strain of the flexible structure.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the sensitization-type fiber grating sensor 100 includes: the device comprises a sensitization fiber grating 1, a flexible structure 2 to be tested, an optical fiber 3 and a flexible protective sleeve 4.
As shown in fig. 1, a sensitization fiber grating 1 is implanted in a flexible structure 2 to be tested; a flexible protective sleeve 4 is arranged between the optical fiber 3 and the flexible structure 2 to be tested so as to realize the isolation between the optical fiber 3 at the implantation section and the flexible structure 2 to be tested. The sensitization fiber grating 1 includes: at least two sensitization beads 11 with a through hole at the center and a fiber grating 12. The fiber bragg grating 12 sequentially penetrates through the central through hole of each sensitization small ball 11 and is connected with each sensitization small ball 11; the sensitization beads 11 are arranged on the fiber grating 12 according to a preset interval.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sensitizing pellet 11 may be a hard plastic in the shape of a sphere or an ellipsoid. The diameter of the sensitizing pellet 11 may be: 1-10 mm, and the diameter of the central through hole of the sensitization small ball 11 is not more than 0.5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of the sensitization beads 11 is two; wherein, the two sensitization beads 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the fiber grating 12.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elastic modulus of the flexible protective sleeve 4 is not greater than the elastic modulus of the flexible structure 2 to be tested, and the inner diameter of the flexible protective sleeve 4 is greater than the diameter of the optical fiber 3. Wherein, one end of the flexible protective sleeve 4 is fixed on the sensitization ball 11, and the other end is led out of the flexible structure 2 to be measured. Further, the elastic modulus of the flexible structure 2 to be tested is less than or equal to 500 MPa.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sensitized beads 11 and the fiber grating 12 may be bonded by an adhesive (e.g., a high-strength epoxy adhesive).
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the implantation of the sensitized fiber grating (sensitized pellets) affects the stress transfer of the original flexible structure to be tested, and the affected range is in the range of 5mm to 20mm, so it is recommended to use the sensitized pellets with the smallest diameter under the condition of satisfying the resolution and the measuring range, so as to reduce the adverse effect caused by the implantation of the sensitized fiber grating.
Preferably, the diameter of the sensitising beads is selected according to table 1 below:
| modulus of elasticity/MPa of flexible structure | ≤0.5 | 0.5～1 | 1～3 | 3～5 | 5～7 | 7～10 | 10～20 | ≥20 |
| Suggested pellet diameter/mm | 4～8 | 3～6 | 2～4 | 2～3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ≤2 |
TABLE 1 diameter example table of sensitization pellets
According to experiments and simulations, the following characteristics are obtained: when the diameters of the sensitization balls are 4mm and 8mm, the diameter of the fiber bragg grating is 125 mu m, and the elastic modulus of the flexible structure to be tested is 0.56MPa, the strain transfer efficiency respectively reaches 11.2 percent and 24.5 percent, while the strain transfer efficiency is only 1.98 percent under the condition of no sensitization (a conventional fiber bragg grating sensor).
With reference to the above embodiment, the following briefly introduces a processing flow of the sensitization type fiber grating sensor (two sensitization beads):
firstly, penetrating two sensitization pellets with through holes at the centers to two ends of the fiber grating, encapsulating the sensitization pellets in holes of the sensitization pellets by epoxy adhesives, heating and curing the sensitization pellets, and bonding the fiber grating and the sensitization pellets into a whole to obtain the sensitization fiber grating.
Then, cutting a flexible protective sleeve with a certain length according to the size of the flexible structure to be measured and the position of the point to be measured; and penetrating the cut flexible protective sleeves with certain length at two ends of the sensitization fiber grating. Wherein, the end of the flexible protective sleeve contacting with the sensitization ball is bonded by adhesive, and the other end of the flexible protective sleeve leads out the flexible structure to be tested, thus forming the implantable sensitization type fiber grating strain sensor.
And finally, straightening the optical fibers at the two ends, positioning, pouring and solidifying a liquid matrix of the flexible structure to be tested to form the flexible structure and the implanted sensitization fiber grating sensor thereof.
Based on the embodiment, the invention also discloses a strain monitoring system. Referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a strain monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and as shown in fig. 2, the strain monitoring system includes the sensitization-type fiber grating sensor 100 described in the above embodiment, a fiber grating demodulator 200, and an upper computer 300.
In this embodiment, the sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor 100 is connected to the fiber grating demodulator 200; the fiber grating demodulator 200 is configured to convert an optical signal output by the sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor 100 into a center wavelength of a spectrum of reflected light of the sensitivity enhanced fiber grating, and output the wavelength. The upper computer 300 is connected with the fiber grating demodulator 200; the upper computer 300 is configured to calculate according to the sensitivity enhanced fiber bragg grating reflected light spectrum center wavelength signal, obtain a strain of the flexible structure to be measured, and output the strain.
Based on the embodiment, the invention also discloses a strain monitoring method, which is applied to the strain monitoring system in the embodiment. The strain monitoring method comprises the following steps: converting an optical signal output by the sensitization type fiber grating sensor into the center wavelength of a spectrum of reflected light of the sensitization type fiber grating through a fiber grating demodulator; and resolving the spectral center wavelength of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber bragg grating by an upper computer to obtain the strain of the flexible structure to be detected and outputting the strain.
The center wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light of the sensitization type fiber bragg grating can be calculated according to the following formula (1), so that the strain epsilon of the flexible structure to be measured is obtainedZAnd outputting:
wherein λ istThe center wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light of the sensitization fiber grating during measurement is shown; lambda [ alpha ]0Indicating the initial central wavelength of the spectrum of the reflected light when the sensitization fiber grating is calibrated after being implanted into the flexible structure to be tested; n represents strain transfer efficiency; k represents a sensitivity coefficient.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the strain of the flexible structure to be measured cannot be transmitted to the sensitization fiber grating by 100%, and therefore, the true strain of the flexible structure to be measured needs to be obtained through transformation.
True strain epsilon of flexible structure to be measuredZAnd a measured value epsilonCThe relationship between can be expressed as:
as previously mentioned, n represents the strain transfer efficiency, defined as the percentage of the true strain of the flexible structure transferred to the sensitized fiber grating. Where n may be determined in any suitable manner, such as by finite element simulation, or by experiment, or by a combination of simulation and experiment, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In summary, the present invention discloses a sensitivity enhanced fiber grating sensor, and a strain monitoring system and method, which are mainly applied to monitoring the strain of a flexible structure: the sensitization ball and the fiber grating are utilized to form the sensitization fiber grating, and in the process that the flexible structure to be tested is stressed to deform, the sensitization ball can move along with the flexible structure to be tested and can effectively transfer the deformation of the flexible structure to be tested to the fiber grating sensor, namely, the sensitization transfer of strain from the flexible structure to be tested to the sensitization fiber grating is realized, the strain transfer efficiency is improved, and then the implanted measurement of the strain of the flexible structure is realized.
Secondly, in the process of implanting the sensitization fiber grating into the flexible structure to be measured, the isolation of the optical fiber and the flexible structure to be measured at the implantation section can be realized by selecting a flexible protection sleeve with reasonable material and inner diameter, other stresses except the monitoring point are effectively isolated, the positioning monitoring is realized, and the measurement precision is improved.
In addition, compared with a single fiber grating sensor structure, the sensitivity of the fiber grating sensor can be improved by several times to dozens of times by selecting the reasonable size of the sensitization structure, and the accurate measurement and real-time monitoring of the strain of the flexible structure are realized.
The embodiments in the present description are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The above description is only for the best mode of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (2)
1. A sensitization type fiber grating sensor is characterized by comprising: the sensitivity enhancing fiber bragg grating device comprises a sensitivity enhancing fiber bragg grating (1), a flexible structure to be detected (2), an optical fiber (3) and a flexible protective sleeve (4);
a sensitized optical fiber grating (1) comprising: two spherical or ellipsoidal hard plastic sensitivity enhancing small balls (11) with through holes at the centers and a fiber grating (12); the fiber bragg grating (12) sequentially penetrates through the central through hole of each sensitization small ball (11) and is connected with each sensitization small ball (11), and the two sensitization small balls (11) are respectively arranged at two ends of the fiber bragg grating (12);
the sensitization fiber grating (1) is implanted in the flexible structure (2) to be tested;
a flexible protective sleeve (4) is arranged between the optical fiber (3) and the flexible structure (2) to be tested, one end of the flexible protective sleeve (4) is fixed on the sensitization small ball (11), and the other end of the flexible protective sleeve leads out the flexible structure (2) to be tested, so that the optical fiber (3) at the implantation section is isolated from the flexible structure (2) to be tested;
the elastic modulus of the flexible structure (2) to be tested is less than or equal to 500MPa, and the elastic modulus of the flexible protective sleeve (4) is not greater than that of the flexible structure (2) to be tested;
the diameter of the sensitization small ball (11) is as follows: 1-10 mm, and the diameter of the central through hole is not more than 0.5 mm;
the inner diameter of the flexible protective sleeve (4) is larger than the diameter of the optical fiber (3);
strain epsilon of flexible structure to be measured obtained by sensitization type fiber bragg grating sensorZThe following were used:
wherein λ istThe center wavelength of a reflected light spectrum of the sensitization fiber grating (1) during measurement is shown; lambda [ alpha ]0Indicating the initial central wavelength of the reflected light spectrum when the sensitization fiber grating (1) is calibrated after being implanted into the flexible structure (2) to be tested; n represents strain transfer efficiency; k represents a sensitivity coefficient.
2. The sensitized fiber grating sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensitized ball (11) and the fiber grating (12) are bonded together by an adhesive.
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| CN109374067A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-22 | 武汉理工大学 | Many reference amounts Fibre Optical Sensor highway plate-girder real-time monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| CN101140160A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-03-12 | 大连理工大学 | Encapsulation method for optical fibre grating add-and-subtract quick strain sensor |
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