CN108243479B - Communication method of multi-relay cooperation system based on vehicle assistance in parking lot - Google Patents
Communication method of multi-relay cooperation system based on vehicle assistance in parking lot Download PDFInfo
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- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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Abstract
The invention discloses a communication method of a multi-relay cooperative system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot, which belongs to the field of vehicle networking. The invention provides the influence of the vehicle leaving behavior on the network system in the parking lot, so that the application of the parked vehicle in relay forwarding has theoretical basis and specific performance evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle networking, and particularly relates to a communication method of a multi-relay cooperative system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot.
Background
The urban Internet of vehicles serves as one of important components of a future smart city and provides services such as information transfer, content caching and distribution, data calculation and the like. In the past, research on the internet of vehicles has been focused on networks consisting of vehicles moving on roads and roadside units. However, with the rapid increase of vehicles worldwide, a large number of vehicles are left parked or moving slowly, especially in urban center areas. If these parked vehicles are considered an infrastructure, we can utilize these vehicle CPUs and wireless communication devices to improve the communication quality and computing power of the urban internet of vehicles. The vehicle can transmit and receive data by utilizing the vehicle-mounted antenna of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can act as a relay node in point-to-point communication. The communication range and the communication quality of the user are improved.
Parked vehicles are often referred to as natural roadside nodes due to their large number, long-term stationarity, wide spread, and fixed physical location. However, two additional features of a parked vehicle are often ignored, that is, the vehicle itself is energy limited, and the parked vehicle has the potential to leave at all times. Once the vehicle leaves, its link, acting as a relay node, is immediately broken. Therefore, the departure behavior of the vehicle has a large influence on the link of the single relay. Considering that vehicles in a parking lot are usually close to each other, a plurality of vehicles can be considered to cooperate with each other to form a multi-relay system, so that one vehicle leaves, a relay link is not directly disconnected, and the influence of the leaving behavior of the vehicle on the interruption of the link is weakened.
Usually there is a large communication demand in urban central areas, but this is accompanied by a distribution of large parking lots. The density of vehicles in a parking lot is always in a denser state, and a user near the parking lot is provided with a highly stable communication service as a multi-relay system by forming vehicles at close distances into clusters. Given the large impact of vehicle departure behavior on the communication link, modeling of departure behavior and analyzing the specific impact of departure behavior on the relay link are necessary. Meanwhile, the analysis of the influence of the model parameters of the leaving behavior on the system performance can provide reference information for a user to select which type of vehicle to use as a cooperative relay later. However, there is currently a lack of research into the impact of vehicle departure behavior on the communication link.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks or needs for improvement of the prior art, the present invention provides a communication method of a multi-relay cooperative system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot, so as to solve the technical problem of inaccurate network performance evaluation in the current field of vehicle networking due to lack of research on influence of vehicle departure behavior on communication links when network performance is researched.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-relay cooperative system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot, comprising:
selecting target vehicles with vehicle-mounted antennas in a parking lot, and selecting vehicles meeting a preset distance range from the target vehicles according to the distance between the target vehicles to form relay clusters, wherein each relay cluster comprises a cluster head, and the cluster heads are used for storing information of the corresponding relay clusters.
Preferably, the information of the relay cluster includes the current remaining power of each vehicle in the relay cluster, the time for each vehicle in the relay cluster to reach the parking lot, and the length of time for each vehicle in the relay cluster to stay.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a communication method based on any one of the above multiple relay cooperation systems, including:
the mobile terminal broadcasts a test signal, and a cluster head of each relay cluster in the parking lot returns a confirmation signal to the mobile terminal after receiving the test signal;
the mobile terminal receives the confirmation signal, selects a target relay cluster corresponding to the target confirmation signal, establishes communication with the target relay cluster, and sends a feedback signal to the mobile terminal by a cluster head of the target relay cluster, wherein the feedback signal comprises information of the target relay cluster, and the target confirmation signal is a confirmation signal with the largest signal-to-noise ratio in the confirmation signal;
the mobile terminal receives the feedback signal and determines the interruption probability of the communication link when each vehicle in the target relay cluster respectively carries out relay forwarding according to the information of the target relay cluster and the vehicle leaving probability;
and the mobile terminal selects a target vehicle in the target relay cluster according to the interruption probability for signal forwarding, and then sends a signal to be transmitted to the target vehicle so that the target vehicle forwards the signal to be transmitted to a base station to be communicated in the same time slot.
Preferably, the signal-to-noise ratio of the two-hop link relayed by the ith vehicle is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,|hsri|2and | hrid|2To obey an exponential distribution with parameter 1/2, PsIs the transmission power, P, of the mobile terminalriFor relaying the forwarding power of vehicle i, N0Is the power of gaussian white noise.
Preferably, the determining, according to the information of the target relay cluster and in combination with the vehicle leaving probability, the interruption probability of the communication link when each vehicle in the target relay cluster performs relay forwarding respectively includes:
byObtaining the interruption probability of the jth communication link formed by the jth vehicle in the target relay cluster, wherein,indicating the probability that the signal-to-noise ratio of the jth link is below the communication threshold,indicating the departure probability of the jth vehicle.
Preferably, the vehicle leaving probability is:
wherein P isLIndicating that the vehicle arrives at the parking lot at time t and stops at time tdurProbability of departure after time, ε, κs,t、θs,t、κl,t、θl,t、D1,tAnd D2,tFor the preset parameter values, Г (-) is the upper incomplete gamma function and γ (-) is the lower incomplete gamma function.
Preferably, the probability that the signal-to-noise ratio of the jth link is lower than the communication threshold valueComprises the following steps:wherein the content of the first and second substances,Prjto relay the forwarding power of the vehicle j, δ denotes a communication threshold.
Preferably, the interruption probability of the multi-relay cooperative system is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,and the relay link set is formed by target vehicles selected by the mobile terminal in the target relay cluster according to the interruption probability.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the method introduces the influence of the vehicle leaving behavior when analyzing the performance of the relay network based on the parking lot assistance, establishes a vehicle leaving model by combining a vehicle arrival model and a stay time model, and deduces the leaving probability of the vehicle;
2. after the influence of the vehicle leaving behavior is introduced, the invention redefines the interruption of the link in the relay network in the parking lot, and gives the interruption probability suitable for the scene according to the definition;
3. the invention gives out the specific influence of two factors of the arrival time of the vehicle and the stay time of the vehicle on the interruption probability in the scene, and provides reference information for a user to select which type of vehicle is used as a cooperative relay later.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance within a parking lot as contemplated by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication method of a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the interrupt probability simulation results presented by the present invention with Monte Carlo simulation results;
FIG. 4 is a graph of vehicle arrival and departure times derived from a vehicle departure model and an arrival model according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a trend graph of the probability of interruption over a day for a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation of the impact of the length of time that the vehicle has been parked on the probability of an interruption in the present invention;
fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of the influence of the arrival time of the vehicle on the interrupt probability in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention aims at solving the problem that in the field of current internet of vehicles, the vehicle leaving behavior is not researched as one of the influence factors of the network performance, the influence of the vehicle leaving behavior on the relay network in the parking lot is analyzed, firstly, a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance in the parking lot is established, vehicles at a relatively short distance in the parking lot form a cluster, the vehicle leaving model is obtained by combining a vehicle arrival model and a vehicle estimated stay time model, and a closed expression of the vehicle leaving probability is deduced. When the interruption probability of the two-hop link is calculated, the leaving probability of the vehicle is introduced. And the influence of the arrival time and the stay time of the vehicle on the system interruption probability is obtained by controlling a variable method.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot according to the present invention, which includes: selecting target vehicles with vehicle-mounted antennas in a parking lot, and selecting vehicles meeting a preset distance range from the target vehicles to form relay clusters according to the distance between the target vehicles, wherein each relay cluster comprises a cluster head, the cluster heads are used for storing information of the corresponding relay clusters, and the information of the relay clusters comprises the current residual electric quantity of each vehicle in the relay cluster, the time for each vehicle in the relay cluster to reach the parking lot and the stay time of each vehicle in the relay cluster.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preset distance range can be determined according to actual needs, the multi-relay system mainly provides communication services for mobile terminals near a parking lot, and the mobile terminals comprise pedestrians or communication equipment in nearby buildings and other users with long-time communication requirements.
Generally, vehicles in a parking lot have the characteristic of being orderly arranged, virtual antenna arrays can be formed by the antennas, communication performance is improved, in order to simplify an analysis method, a single sending party and a single receiving party are selected, virtual single-input multiple-output and virtual multiple-input single-output systems are formed by the selected relay clusters, and since stopped vehicles do not have communication requirements, data of users only need to be forwarded, relays in the clusters only need to receive and send a small amount of control information for channel synchronization and channel state transmission, and relays participating in cooperation forward the same information, so that diversity gain is achieved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication method of a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot according to the present invention, and based on the multi-relay cooperation system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot established as in fig. 1, the present example selects a two-hop communication link between a mobile terminal S and a base station D near a parking lot as a research object. The area circled in fig. 1 is a cluster formed by vehicles at a close distance, S is supposed to communicate with nearby D which is not in the communication range, S firstly broadcasts a test signal, a cluster head of each relay cluster in a parking lot returns an acknowledgement signal after receiving the test signal, S selects a cluster returning the acknowledgement signal with the largest signal-to-noise ratio, establishes communication with the cluster head, the cluster head feeds back information in the cluster to S, and S selects a proper number of vehicles according to member information in the cluster to form a single-input multi-output system. And then S sends a signal x needing to be transmitted to the selected vehicle, the vehicle receiving the signal transmits the same information to a base station D in the same time slot by adopting an amplification transmitting mode, and the D receives the signal sent from the vehicle. Specifically, in the method shown in fig. 2, the following steps are included:
s1: the mobile terminal broadcasts a test signal, and a cluster head of each relay cluster in the parking lot returns a confirmation signal to the mobile terminal after receiving the test signal;
s2: the mobile terminal receives the confirmation signal, selects a target relay cluster corresponding to the target confirmation signal, establishes communication with the target relay cluster, and sends a feedback signal to the mobile terminal by a cluster head of the target relay cluster, wherein the feedback signal comprises information of the target relay cluster, and the target confirmation signal is a confirmation signal with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio in the confirmation signal;
s3: the mobile terminal receives the feedback signal and determines the interruption probability of the communication link when each vehicle in the target relay cluster respectively carries out relay forwarding according to the information of the target relay cluster and the vehicle leaving probability;
s4: and the mobile terminal selects a target vehicle in the target relay cluster according to the interruption probability to carry out signal forwarding, and then sends a signal to be transmitted to the target vehicle so that the target vehicle forwards the signal to be transmitted to the base station to be communicated in the same time slot.
In an alternative embodiment, the signal-to-noise ratio of the two-hop link relayed by the ith vehicle is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,|hsri|2and | hrid|2To obey an exponential distribution with parameter 1/2, PsFor the transmission power of the mobile terminal, PriFor relaying the forwarding power of vehicle i, N0Is the power of gaussian white noise.
In an optional embodiment, determining, according to information of a target relay cluster and in combination with a vehicle leaving probability, an interruption probability of a communication link when each vehicle in the target relay cluster performs relay forwarding respectively includes:
byAnd obtaining the interruption probability of the jth communication link formed by the jth vehicle in the target relay cluster, wherein,indicating the probability that the signal-to-noise ratio of the jth link is below the communication threshold,indicating the departure probability of the jth vehicle.
The determination method of the vehicle leaving probability comprises the following steps:
obtaining a leaving model of the vehicle by combining a vehicle arrival model and a model of the estimated stay time of the vehicle, wherein the time t when the vehicle arrives at the parking lot obeys Weber distribution, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the cumulative distribution function of the expected at least dwell time x of the vehicle after arrival at the parking lot at time t is:
using the probability of the vehicle leaving within a short time epsilon instead of the vehicle having stopped at the present momentLeave tdurThe probability of leaving under the condition of time is specifically:
wherein, PLIndicating that the vehicle arrives at the parking lot at time t and stops at time tdurProbability of departure after time, ε, κs,t、θs,t、κl,t、θl,t、D1,tAnd D2,tFor the preset parameter values, Г (-) is the upper incomplete gamma function and γ (-) is the lower incomplete gamma function.
Wherein, the condition for redefining the link interruption after obtaining the expression of the leaving summary of the vehicle is as follows: 1) the signal-to-noise ratio SNR of the link is lower than a threshold value delta required by communication; 2) the vehicle acting as a relay node in this link leaves during communication and the link is immediately disconnected. According to the new definition, the probability that the signal-to-noise ratio of the jth link is lower than the communication threshold is obtainedComprises the following steps:wherein the content of the first and second substances,Prjto relay the forwarding power of the vehicle j, δ denotes a communication threshold.
For a multi-relay system, the receiving end adopts a selective combining and receiving mode, and the interruption probability of each link is independent, so that the interruption probability of the whole system is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,the relay link set is formed by target vehicles selected by the mobile terminal in the target relay cluster according to the interruption probability.
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Adopting Monte Carlo simulation to verify the correctness of the interrupt probability expression, firstly, according to the probability distribution of the vehicle arrival time and the estimated stay time, taking the probability distribution as the arrival time t of the vehiclearrAnd a time period t for which the stay will bedurAssigning an initial value, and selecting 3 pm as an observation point tcurNamely, the interruption probability at this time is calculated at 3 pm. Then leave at time tdepCan be based on:
tdep＝tarr+tdur
thus obtaining the product. When t isdep<tcurIf so, the vehicle is judged to have left. Will tarrSubstituting the formula of the leaving probability can calculate the theoretical value of the leaving probability of the vehicle at the observation moment. After 10000 Monte Carlo simulations, FIG. 3 is a comparison result graph of the simulation value of the interrupt probability and the theoretical value, which shows that the simulation value of the interrupt probability and the theoretical value can be well fitted, and the correctness of the interrupt probability expression deduced by the invention is verified. Wherein, the parameters used in the simulation are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value |
| Ps,Pri | 2W |
| N0 | 200mW |
| α,β | 0.9831,16.8 |
| tcur | 15:00 |
The trend of the probability of interruption within a day for a multi-relay system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot was studied. And the distribution diagram of the arrival and departure time of the vehicle can be drawn through the probability density function of the parking time and the parking duration of the vehicle. As shown in fig. 4. It can be seen from figure 4 that most vehicles enter the parking lot between 8 and 10 am, with fewer vehicles exiting the parking lot. Most vehicles left after 18 pm, when fewer vehicles arrived at the parking lot. Assuming that a parking capacity is 500 vehicles and the number of vehicles moving in a parking lot is 2000 vehicles per day, an initial value is set for each vehicle by using a probability density function of the parking time and the expected stay time, and the interruption probability of the system in one day can be predicted by monte carlo simulation, as shown in fig. 5. It can be seen that the probability of interruption is increased after being decreased in one day, and in combination with the analysis of the distribution curves of the arrival time and the departure time of the vehicles shown in fig. 4, a large number of vehicles enter the parking lot and only a small number of vehicles leave from 8 to 11 am, and the communication link established at this time can keep a long operation time, so that the probability of interruption is decreased. At 18 o 'clock to 21 o' clock, a large number of vehicles leave from the parking lot and only a small number of vehicles enter, and at this time, the established communication link is easily interrupted due to the leaving of the relay, and the link is unstable, so that the interruption probability is increased. The probability of interruption of the system is therefore related to the rate at which the vehicle dynamically changes within the parking lot.
And obtaining the influence of two parameters in the vehicle leaving model, the arrival time and the stay time on the system interruption probability. In order to better see the influence of the parking time and the stay duration on the interruption probability, the interruption probability under the condition of 1 relay forwarding is selected and calculated. In fig. 6, the vehicle enters the parking lot at 7 am, 10 am and 1 pm, 4 pm, respectively. The difference of the interruption probability change under different stay time is not more than 0.1. I.e. the dwell time of the car has little effect on the probability of an interruption. However, different parking times lead to different interruption probabilities. As can be seen from fig. 7, the curves of different parking time lengths coincide, and comparing the results of fig. 6 and fig. 7 shows that the influence of the parking time of the vehicle on the interruption probability is greater than the influence of the parking time length, and the interruption probability is obviously increased by selecting the vehicle parked from 15 to 17 points as the relay. As these cars are more likely to leave in a short period of time. And selecting a car arriving at a parking lot within 4 to 10 points results in a low probability of interruption, which is closely related to the social activity of a person. Therefore, when selecting a relay according to the departure behavior, the influence of the stop time should be considered with emphasis, and the influence of the stay time can be ignored.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A communication method of a multi-relay cooperative system based on vehicle assistance in a parking lot, comprising:
the mobile terminal broadcasts a test signal, and a cluster head of each relay cluster in the parking lot returns a confirmation signal to the mobile terminal after receiving the test signal;
the mobile terminal receives the confirmation signal, selects a target relay cluster corresponding to the target confirmation signal, establishes communication with the target relay cluster, and sends a feedback signal to the mobile terminal by a cluster head of the target relay cluster, wherein the feedback signal comprises information of the target relay cluster, and the target confirmation signal is a confirmation signal with the largest signal-to-noise ratio in the confirmation signal;
the mobile terminal receives the feedback signal and determines the interruption probability of the communication link when each vehicle in the target relay cluster respectively carries out relay forwarding according to the information of the target relay cluster and the vehicle leaving probability;
the mobile terminal selects a target vehicle in the target relay cluster to forward signals according to the interruption probability, and then sends signals to be transmitted to the target vehicle so that the target vehicle forwards the signals to be transmitted to a base station to be communicated in the same time slot;
the method comprises the steps of selecting target vehicles with vehicle-mounted antennas in a parking lot, selecting vehicles meeting a preset distance range from the target vehicles according to the distance between the target vehicles to form relay clusters, wherein each relay cluster comprises a cluster head, and the cluster heads are used for storing information of the corresponding relay clusters.
2. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the information of the relay cluster includes a current remaining power of each vehicle in the relay cluster, a time for each vehicle in the relay cluster to reach a parking lot, and a length of time for each vehicle in the relay cluster has stayed.
3. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein the signal-to-noise ratio of the two-hop link relayed by the i-th vehicle is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,|hsri|2and | hrid|2To obey an exponential distribution with parameter 1/2, PsIs the transmission power, P, of the mobile terminalriFor relaying the forwarding power of vehicle i, N0Power of gaussian white noise.
4. The communication method according to claim 3, wherein the determining, according to the information of the target relay cluster and in combination with the vehicle leaving probability, the interruption probability of the communication link when the vehicles in the target relay cluster relay and forward respectively comprises:
byObtaining the interruption probability of the jth communication link formed by the jth vehicle in the target relay cluster,wherein the content of the first and second substances,indicating the probability that the signal-to-noise ratio of the jth link is below the communication threshold,indicating the departure probability of the jth vehicle.
5. The communication method according to claim 4, wherein the vehicle leaving probability is:
wherein P isLIndicating that the vehicle arrives at the parking lot at time t and stops at time tdurProbability of departure after time, ε, κs,t、θs,t、κl,t、θl,t、D1,tAnd D2,tFor the preset parameter values, Г (-) is the upper incomplete gamma function and γ (-) is the lower incomplete gamma function.
6. The communication method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the probability that the signal-to-noise ratio of the j link is lower than the communication threshold valueComprises the following steps:wherein the content of the first and second substances,Prjto relay the forwarding power of the vehicle j, δ denotes a communication threshold.
7. The communication method according to claim 6, wherein the outage probability of the multi-relay cooperative system is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,and the relay link set is formed by target vehicles selected by the mobile terminal in the target relay cluster according to the interruption probability.
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| CN109005523B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-03-06 | 北京邮电大学 | Cross-layer routing method and device of Internet of vehicles and electronic equipment |
| CN112637812B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-05-17 | 温州大学 | Vehicle-mounted cooperative communication relay selection method based on supervised machine learning |
| CN113347606B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-11-22 | 长安大学 | V2I/V2V network cooperative transmission method and system based on elastic partition |
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