CN108232257B - Hydrogen ion thermal battery for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat - Google Patents
Hydrogen ion thermal battery for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
- H01M4/8839—Painting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model provides an utilize cogeneration's hydrogen ion thermal battery, includes cathode flow field board and anode flow field board to and sealed trinity electrode between cathode flow field board and the anode flow field board, trinity electrode from the top down is in proper order by the compound positive pole electrode that has the anode catalyst, the polybenzimidazole membrane after the phosphoric acid saturation, the compound negative pole electrode hot pressing that has the cathode catalyst forms, and the generator system of this battery is: hydrogen enters the anode catalyst layer through the anode flow field plate and is oxidized into hydrogen ions, and released electrons reach the cathode electrode through an external circuit; the hydrogen ions migrate to the cathode catalyst layer through the PBI membrane saturated by the phosphoric acid and are combined with electrons flowing in an external circuit, and then are reduced into hydrogen, the electrons harvest current in the process of moving the external circuit, a large amount of waste heat or solar energy can be collected for power generation, the electrochemical performance of the battery is excellent, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is higher than that of a thermoelectric material under the same temperature condition, and the device is simple and strong in popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat power generation, in particular to a hydrogen ion thermal battery for generating power by utilizing waste heat.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, the energy demand is continuously increasing, but in the process of energy generation of factories, power plants and the like, more than half of the energy is wasted in the form of heat energy. How to utilize the wasted heat energy for power generation is a great concern.
As a form of waste heat recovery power generation, organic rankine cycle is considered as a very promising technology, which takes low-boiling point organic matters as working media, and the components mainly comprise four major components, namely a waste heat boiler (or a heat exchanger), a turbine, a condenser and a working medium pump. The organic working medium absorbs heat from the waste heat flow in the heat exchanger to generate steam with certain pressure and temperature, and the steam enters a turbine to mechanically expand to do work so as to drive the generator. The steam discharged from the turbine releases heat to cooling water in the condenser, condenses into liquid, and finally returns to the heat exchanger again by the aid of the working medium pump, so that the steam is continuously circulated. But because of the relatively expensive infrastructure, research is still underway. Another conversion form of cogeneration, which has been widely studied, is thermoelectric materials, but they have not been put to practical use because of their low conversion efficiency (5-10%) and the need to use expensive semiconductor materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to recycle the waste heat, the invention aims to provide a hydrogen ion thermal battery for generating power by using the waste heat, which can directly convert the heat energy into electric energy and collect a large amount of waste heat to generate power.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen ion thermal battery for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat comprises a hydrogen ion thermal battery body, wherein the hydrogen ion thermal battery body comprises a cathode flow field plate 7 and an anode flow field plate 6, the cathode flow field plate 7 is provided with a cathode air inlet 1 and a cathode air outlet 3, the anode flow field plate 6 is provided with an anode air inlet 2 and an anode air outlet 4, and a three-in-one electrode 8 is sealed between the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6; after the three-in-one electrode is hermetically assembled between the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6, the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6 are tightly pressed by a heating and pressurizing mould 5;
the three-in-one electrode 8 is formed by hot-pressing an anode electrode 9 compounded with an anode catalyst, a PBI membrane 10 saturated by phosphoric acid and a cathode electrode 11 compounded with a cathode catalyst from top to bottom in sequence;
the outside of the hydrogen ion thermal battery body is wrapped with heat preservation cotton;
the hydrogen ion thermal battery generates current under the driving of heat: hydrogen enters the anode catalyst layer through the anode flow field plate 6 and is oxidized into hydrogen ions, and released electrons reach the cathode electrode 11 compounded with the cathode catalyst through an external circuit; the hydrogen ions migrate to the cathode catalyst layer through the PBI membrane 10 saturated with phosphoric acid and are combined with electrons flowing in an external circuit, and then are reduced into hydrogen gas, and the electrons harvest current in the process of moving of the external circuit.
Two layers of sealing gaskets 12 with openings are arranged between the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6, and the three-in-one electrode 8 after hot pressing is embedded into the sealing gasket 12 with the openings in the middle.
And a valve is arranged on the anode gas outlet 4.
The sealing gasket 12 is a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing gasket.
The cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6 are stainless steel plates with serpentine gas flow fields engraved on one side.
The cathode inlet 1 provides nitrogen or argon and other gases, and the anode inlet 2 provides hydrogen.
The catalyst used by the anode electrode 9 is carbon-supported platinum (platinum mass content is 40%, abbreviated as Pt (40%)/C), and the catalyst used by the cathode electrode 11 is Pt (40%)/C or ruthenium dioxide (RuO)2)。
Preparation of a hydrogen ion thermal battery electrode for generating electricity by using waste heat: comprises the following steps;
preparation of electrodes with Pt (40%)/C as cathode and anode catalysts:
firstly, mixing a Pt (40%)/C catalyst and a 5% Nafion solution (binder) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, fully performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a paste mixture, uniformly coating the mixture on one side of a current collector by adopting a coating method, and drying for 4 hours in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain the required anode electrode 9 compounded with the anode catalyst and the cathode electrode 11 compounded with the cathode catalyst;
RuO2preparation of the electrode with Pt (40%)/C as cathode catalyst:
when Pt (40%)/C is used as an anode catalyst, firstly, mixing the Pt (40%)/C catalyst and 5% Nafion solution (binder) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, fully performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a paste-shaped mixture, uniformly coating the mixture on one side of a current collector by adopting a coating method, and drying for 4 hours at 60 ℃ in an oven to obtain an anode electrode 9 compounded with the anode catalyst;
RuO2when used as a cathode catalyst, RuO2Carbon support and 30. wt.% polytetrafluoroethylene solution (binder)Mixing the components in a mass ratio of 45:35:25, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, fully and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, uniformly coating the mixture on a current collector by a coating method, and drying the mixture for 4 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the required cathode electrode 11 compounded with the cathode catalyst;
the current collector is hydrophobic carbon paper;
the carbon carrier is a carbon nano tube.
Preparing a three-in-one electrode:
before using, a polybenzimidazole membrane (PBI membrane) is soaked in 85% phosphoric acid solution for two days at room temperature to obtain a PBI membrane 10 saturated with phosphoric acid, a cathode electrode 11, the PBI membrane 10 saturated with phosphoric acid and an anode electrode 9 are placed in sequence, one side of the anode electrode 9 and one side of the cathode electrode 11, which are coated with catalyst layers, are placed to face the PBI membrane 10 saturated with phosphoric acid, and hot pressing is carried out on a heating mould at 130 ℃ and under the pressure of 1.5MPa for 3-5min to obtain a three-in-one electrode 8, wherein if the cathode and the anode catalysts are different, a mark is needed before hot pressing to distinguish the anode electrode 9 from the cathode electrode 11.
The size of the PBI membrane 10 after phosphoric acid saturation is larger than that of the anode electrode 9 and the cathode electrode 11.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the battery of the invention has excellent electrochemical performance, and when the battery works at 50 ℃, the battery can obtain 3.75mA cm-2Maximum current sum of 0.11mW m-2The maximum output power of; when the battery works at 170 ℃, the battery can obtain 21mA
cm-2Maximum current sum of 1.03mW cm-2Maximum power density of;
(2) the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the invention can reach 13.72 percent and 3.38 percent respectively at 170 ℃ and 50 ℃, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency is higher than the performance of thermoelectric materials with the same temperature magnitude, if the battery is considered to be placed in a uniform and stable heat source, the stainless steel plate of the battery does not exchange energy with the surrounding heat source and lose energy, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is higher;
(3) the invention has simple structure, strong reproducibility and wide temperature range of available heat sources, can utilize solar energy, low-quality heat energy (factory tail gas) and the like, and can directly change waste heat into electric energy essential for industrial production and human life, thereby having popularization prospect; and the hydrogen can be recycled, and the equipment cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing cell performance at 50 ℃ for cells using Pt (40%)/C as a catalyst for both cathode and anode in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing cell performance at 170 ℃ for cells using Pt (40%)/C as a catalyst for both cathode and anode in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows that the anode and cathode of the present invention all use Pt (40%)/C as catalyst at 3.125mA cm-2Gas chromatogram of cathode tail gas under discharge current.
FIG. 7 shows that the anode and cathode of the present invention all use Pt (40%)/C as catalyst at 12.5mA cm-2Gas chromatogram of cathode tail gas under discharge current.
FIG. 8 shows that the anode of the present invention uses Pt (40%)/C, and the cathode uses RuO loaded carbon nanotube2The cell performance curve of (1) at 170 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2: a hydrogen ion thermal battery generating electricity by utilizing waste heat comprises a cathode flow field plate 7 provided with a cathode air inlet 1 (nitrogen/argon gas) and a cathode air outlet 3 (nitrogen/argon gas and generated hydrogen gas) and an anode flow field plate 6 provided with an anode air inlet 2 (hydrogen gas) and an anode air outlet 4 (hydrogen gas), wherein a three-in-one electrode 8 is sealed between the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6, and a sealing gasket 12 is arranged between the three-in-one electrode 8 and the contact end of the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6; after the three-in-one electrode 8 is sealed and assembled between the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6, the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6 are tightly pressed by the heating and pressurizing mould 5; the three-in-one electrode 8 is formed by hot pressing an anode electrode 9, a phosphoric acid saturated PBI membrane 10 and a cathode electrode 11 from top to bottom in sequence;
the outside of the hydrogen ion thermal battery body is wrapped with heat preservation cotton;
the outside of the hydrogen ion thermal battery needs to be wrapped with heat insulation cotton so as to reduce the heat energy loss caused by the heat dissipation of the cathode and anode flow field plates;
a valve is arranged on the anode gas outlet 4;
the sealing gasket 12 is a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing gasket;
the cathode flow field plate 7 and the anode flow field plate 6 are stainless steel plates with serpentine gas flow fields engraved on one side;
the cathode gas inlet 1 provides inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and the like; the anode inlet 2 provides hydrogen;
the catalyst used by the anode electrode 9 is Pt (40%)/C, and the catalyst used by the cathode electrode 11 is Pt (40%)/C or RuO2；
As shown in fig. 3: the hydrogen ion thermal battery generates current under the driving of heat: hydrogen provided by the anode gas inlet 2 enters the anode electrode 9 through the anode flow field plate 6 and is oxidized into hydrogen ions, and released electrons reach the cathode electrode 11 through an external circuit; the hydrogen ions migrate to the electrode 11 through the PBI membrane 10 saturated by the phosphoric acid and are combined with electrons flowing in an external circuit, and the hydrogen ions are reduced into hydrogen gas, and the electrons harvest current in the process of moving the external circuit.
Preparation of a hydrogen ion thermal battery electrode for generating electricity by using waste heat:
preparation of electrodes with Pt (40%)/C as cathode and anode catalysts:
firstly, mixing a Pt (40%)/C catalyst and a 5% Nafion solution (binder) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, fully performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a paste mixture, uniformly coating the mixture on one side of a current collector by adopting a coating method, and drying for 4 hours in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain the required anode electrode 9 and cathode electrode 11;
RuO2preparation of the electrode with Pt (40%)/C as cathode catalyst:
when Pt (40%)/C is used as an anode catalyst, firstly, mixing the Pt (40%)/C catalyst and 5% Nafion solution (binder) according to the mass ratio of 1:1, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, fully performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a paste-shaped mixture, uniformly coating the mixture on one side of a current collector by adopting a coating method, and drying for 4 hours at 60 ℃ in an oven to obtain an anode electrode 9 compounded with the anode catalyst;
RuO2when used as a cathode catalyst, RuO2Mixing a carbon carrier and a 30. wt% polytetrafluoroethylene solution as a binder according to the mass ratio of 45:35:25, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, fully and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic, uniformly coating on a current collector by adopting a coating method, and drying for 4 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the required cathode electrode 11;
the current collector is hydrophobic carbon paper.
The carbon carrier is a carbon nano tube.
Preparing a three-in-one electrode:
soaking the PBI membrane in 85% phosphoric acid solution at room temperature for two days before use to obtain a phosphoric acid saturated PBI membrane 10, placing a cathode electrode 11, the phosphoric acid saturated PBI membrane 10 and an anode electrode 9 in sequence, wherein one sides of the anode electrode 9 and the cathode electrode 11 coated with catalyst layers are required to face the phosphoric acid saturated PBI membrane 10, and hot-pressing the anode electrode 9 and the cathode electrode 11 at 130 ℃ and 1.5MPa for 3-5min on a heating mould to obtain a three-in-one electrode 8, wherein if the cathode and the anode catalysts are different, a mark is required to be made before hot-pressing to distinguish the anode electrode 9 from the cathode electrode 11.
The PBI membrane 10 after being soaked by phosphoric acid is larger than the anode electrode 9 and the cathode electrode 11 in size.
The sealing gasket 12 is a polytetrafluoroethylene sealing gasket.
The outside of the hydrogen ion thermal battery needs to be wrapped with heat preservation cotton.
The PBI membrane requires the introduction of phosphate conducting ions.
Assembling the battery:
after cutting the gap between the polytetrafluoroethylene sealing pad and the cathode and anode, placing a layer of cut sealing pad on the stainless steel plate (anode), embedding the three-in-one electrode 8 into the sealing pad, covering a layer of sealing pad 12, aligning the other stainless steel plate (cathode) with the anode stainless steel plate (positioning pin), putting the battery into the heating and pressurizing mould 5, pressurizing to 1.5Mpa to compress the battery, and ensuring no air leakage. In order to reduce the heat loss caused by the heat exchange between the battery devices such as the stainless steel plate and the air, the outside of the battery is wrapped with heat insulation cotton.
Before the battery begins to test, insert negative pole air inlet 1 and positive pole air inlet 2 with nitrogen gas, 4 valves on the positive pole gas outlet are opened, sweep impurity gas such as residual oxygen in the gas circuit, ensure that the battery reaction does not receive the influence of oxygen reduction reaction, when the voltage drop of opening a way is zero, 1 inserts nitrogen gas on the negative pole gas inlet, 2 inserts hydrogen on the positive pole gas inlet, 4 valves on the positive pole gas outlet are closed in order to reduce the unnecessary consumption of hydrogen, and the battery begins to work. The temperature control system of the heating mould can control the reaction of the battery at different temperatures. The gas chromatograph uses a Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD) to detect the gas flowing out of cathode gas outlet 3.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are performance curves for concentration cells with Pt (40%)/C as the cathode and anode catalysts, with both cathode and anode Pt/C loadings of 2.25mg cm-2The effective working area of the battery is 8cm-2. FIG. 4 the maximum current density of 3.75mA cm-2Maximum power density of 0.11mWcm-2The working conditions of the battery are: the working temperature is 50 ℃, the pressure difference of the anode hydrogen inlet is 0.02Mpa (10mL/min of flow), and the nitrogen inlet flow of the cathode is 50 mL/min. The maximum current density obtained in FIG. 5 was 21mA cm-2Maximum power density of 1.03mW cm-2The working conditions of the battery at this time are as follows: the working temperature is 170 ℃, the pressure of the anode hydrogen inlet is 0.1Mpa, and the cathode nitrogen inlet flow is 50 mL/min.
FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs at 3.125mA cm and 7 respectively under the operating conditions described in FIG. 4-2And 12.5mA cm-2The cathode gas outlet is connected to different hydrogen amounts measured after sampling in a gas chromatograph, in fig. 5 and 6, the peak 1 represents the peak of hydrogen, and it can be obviously seen that the higher the current is, the higher the peak intensity is, which indicates that the current magnitude is positively correlated with the generation amount of hydrogen; peak 2 and Peak 3 are both valve cuts of chromatographPeak 4 is the nitrogen peak.
FIG. 8 shows RuO using Pt (40%)/C as anode catalyst2Performance curve of concentration cell with/CNT as cathode catalyst, and Pt/C loading of anode of 2.25mg cm-2Cathode RuO2The loading amount of (2) is 3.75mg cm-2The effective working area of the battery is 8cm-2. FIG. 8 the maximum current density 4mA cm-2Maximum power density of 0.21mW cm-2The working conditions of the battery are: the working temperature is 170 ℃, the pressure of the anode hydrogen inlet is 0.02Mpa, and the cathode nitrogen inlet flow is 50 mL/min.
Claims (5)
1. A hydrogen ion thermal battery for generating electricity by utilizing waste heat is characterized by comprising a hydrogen ion thermal battery body, wherein the hydrogen ion thermal battery body comprises a cathode flow field plate (7) provided with a cathode air inlet (1) and a cathode air outlet (3) and an anode flow field plate (6) provided with an anode air inlet (2) and an anode air outlet (4), a three-in-one electrode (8) is sealed between the cathode flow field plate (7) and the anode flow field plate (6), and after the three-in-one electrode is sealed and assembled between the cathode flow field plate (7) and the anode flow field plate (6), the cathode flow field plate (7) and the anode flow field plate (6) are tightly pressed by a heating and pressurizing mold (5);
the three-in-one electrode (8) is formed by hot pressing of an anode electrode (9), a PBI (poly-p-phenylene-imide) membrane (10) saturated by phosphoric acid and a cathode electrode (11); the outside of the hydrogen ion thermal battery body is wrapped with heat preservation cotton;
hydrogen provided by the anode gas inlet (2) enters the anode electrode through the anode flow field plate (6) and is oxidized into hydrogen ions, the released electrons reach the cathode electrode (11) through the external circuit, the hydrogen ions migrate to the cathode electrode through the PBI membrane (10) saturated by phosphoric acid and are combined with electrons flowing in the external circuit and are reduced into hydrogen, and the electrons harvest current in the process of moving the external circuit;
the cathode gas inlet (1) provides nitrogen or argon gas, and the anode gas inlet (2) provides hydrogen gas.
2. The cogeneration hydrogen ion thermal battery of claim 1, wherein two layers of gaskets (12) with openings are provided between the cathode flow field plate (7) and the anode flow field plate (6), and the three-in-one electrodes (8) are embedded in the openings of the gaskets (12).
3. The battery of claim 1, wherein the anode outlet (4) is valved.
4. The cogeneration hydrogen ion thermal battery of claim 1, wherein the cathode flow field plate (7) and the anode flow field plate (6) are stainless steel plates with serpentine gas flow fields engraved on one side.
5. The battery of claim 1, wherein the anode electrode (9) is platinum on carbon and the cathode electrode (11) is ruthenium dioxide or platinum on carbon.
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| CN102903938A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-30 | 西安交通大学 | Polymer fiber film methanol fuel cell with cathode adopting non-noble metal catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103490079A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-01-01 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of flocculent-surface polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane electrode |
| CN103855419A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-06-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Thermoelectric cell |
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| CN102903938A (en) * | 2012-10-18 | 2013-01-30 | 西安交通大学 | Polymer fiber film methanol fuel cell with cathode adopting non-noble metal catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN103855419A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-06-11 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Thermoelectric cell |
| CN103490079A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-01-01 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of flocculent-surface polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane electrode |
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