CN108230813A - The variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location - Google Patents
The variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location Download PDFInfo
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- CN108230813A CN108230813A CN201810247544.6A CN201810247544A CN108230813A CN 108230813 A CN108230813 A CN 108230813A CN 201810247544 A CN201810247544 A CN 201810247544A CN 108230813 A CN108230813 A CN 108230813A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of variable experimental platform systems of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location, vcehicular tunnel analog platform and test system including being used to simulate the arbitrary lateral position fire in multilane highway tunnel, simulation fire source can be tested system and include temperature field, wind speed test system and experimentation image in fuel mass loss, tunnel along track transverse shifting and fixation.The present invention can simulate the fire that the arbitrary lateral position in multilane highway tunnel occurs, platform fracture morphology, fuel type, fire scale, surrounding layer insulating layer and burning things which may cause a fire disaster are set away from tunnel floor height etc. with actual tunnel situation according to correlation theory, the defects of ensuring confidence level, accuracy, avoiding full-scale fire test.The invention also achieves the full data record of real-time fire process, the development of operation and Fire prevention evacuation for vcehicular tunnel or even railway tunnel and improving is of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Structural Engineerings to build analog study technical field, especially belongs to traffic tunnel engineering fire safety evaluating and grinds
Study carefully the experimental platform system of technical field, more particularly to multilane highway tunnels mimic different location fire.
Background technology
Key component of the vcehicular tunnel as highway or road traffic system, due to overcoming barrier, improving line style, contracting
Short running distance, environmental protection etc. have remarkable advantage, therefore are largely used in highway construction, according to statistics, by
At 2016 end of the year China highway tunnels sum 15181, overall length 14039.7km, and still in ever-increasing trend, huge number
Amount and length, it is meant that certainly will strengthen focusing on its safety.Disaster of the fire as harmfulness maximum, one for tunnel
Loss caused by denier occurs is immeasurable, and it is different from railway tunnel for vcehicular tunnel and other undergrounds lead to
Road, general section width is bigger, and comprising multiple tracks, the lateral position that fire occurs in section is uncertain and a variety of
Various, such as Fig. 1 -- shown in Fig. 3, it is possible that fire occurs in tunnel medium position because of different track automobile crash, have
May be due to vehicle spontaneous combustion or knock into the back and at lane center position occur fire, it is also possible to be because vehicle bump against tunnel
Road side wall and fire etc. occurs close to side-walls in tunnel, the unique texture closely closed for tunnel since its is long and narrow is special
Property, in fire be a sufficiently complex and sensitive process, its flame plume when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at different lateral positions
Limited degree difference, in contrast its suction of volume for fresh air also can will necessarily accordingly it occur due to the difference of lateral position
Variation and will be brought when fire location is not or not tunnel center asymmetry difference, etc. all be bound to cause to be formed it is basic
Great variety inherently occurs for fire scenario.
Many correlative studys are carried out both at home and abroad at present for Tunnel Fire, Chinese University of Science and Technology Hu Longhua, have recorded outstanding and be cured quickly
Tunnel Fire is had made intensive studies Deng based on the methods of field measurement, numerical computations, for different vertical wind speeds, combustion
Expect the expansion research of the factors such as type, fire scale, and fire smoke critical wind velocity computational methods are proposed with this, king is handed in southwest
Peak, Wang Mingnian and Yang Qixin et al. are with distinctness the features such as Zhongnanshan Highway Tunnel at Qinling and double helix curve vcehicular tunnel
Vcehicular tunnel has carried out a large amount of experiment and number crunching to fire in tunnel smoke distribution characteristic, has obtained to rely on
The fire scenarios parameter such as Extra-long Highway Tunnel and sharp radius curve tunnel fire hazard Temperature Distribution, plume dynamic flow nature, Tongji University
University Yan manages state affairs, Zhu Hehua et al. is distributed urban road tunnel Fire Smoke Temperature and has inquired into cross-river tunnel fire peace with this
The Kai Kang of full control and the correlation technique measure of evacuating personnel, the Gwon of South Korea et al. and Columbia University are analyzed respectively
The influence of the factor pairs tunnel internal such as road gradient in highway tunnel and tunnel cross-section width, section the ratio of width to height fire smoke flow control, Sweden
Ingason et al. then carries out the dynamic rule for being loaded with different cargo high capacity waggons, different section form and fire scale
Research, it is proposed that fire scale exponential model etc..
Break it can be seen that being concentrated mainly on different fuel, different gradient, different tunnels for the research of Tunnel Fire at present
The basic variation of fire scenario under the influence of face form, different Tunnel structures etc. and plume control research, and for section
Different location lateral position fire, southwest hand over king peak, Chinese University of Science and Technology discipline outstanding person, Tang Fei etc. to expand certain numerical model research,
And experimental simulation research is less, only Chinese University of Science and Technology expands certain experimental study for it, but it has three big typical defects,
First, it uses rectangular cross section to replace arched tunnel section, have ignored tunnel arch and restriction effect is obtained for flame plume, secondly
It is that it uses methanol and propane as combustible, it is as flue gas tracer and jointly main instead of Tunnel Fire using stacte
Combustible gasoline and diesel oil, either in actual tunnel fire in terms of flue dust ingredient, flue gas layer thickness, fire scenario reduction
Situation is distorted, the third is its small-scale fire test of main use, its flame plume height of too small fire scale is generally relatively low,
The extensive fire disaster flame plume morphological differences of actual tunnel is apparent, therefore generally speaking, at present for multilane highway transverse direction fire
Research numerical simulation is largely focused on for actual tunnel fire, experimental study is less, and only experiment research platform
There are larger deficiency and distortions for system, it is necessary to be innovated for multilane highway tunnel fire hazard platform experimental simulation system
It designs and Tunnel Fire is unfolded to further investigate.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of variable simulation experiment platforms of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location
System, can simulate the basic fire scenario of the arbitrary lateral position fire of multilane highway tunnel cross-section, and study difference with this
Lateral position occur tunnel internal thermo parameters method during fire, flame plume, burning things which may cause a fire disaster efficiency of combustion changing rule.
The present invention provides a kind of variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location, this hairs
It is bright to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location, including vcehicular tunnel analog platform
With test system, it is characterised in that：Vcehicular tunnel analog platform is used to simulate multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire,
Test system is used to obtain tunnel internal fire heat release rate, section and longitudinal temperature field distribution, burning things which may cause a fire disaster flame plume form；
The vcehicular tunnel analog platform, is made of tunnel model structure and structural support rack；Wherein, tunnel model is long
It spends for 8.5m, section is identical with vcehicular tunnel cross section, is built by sheet metal, axial surface cladding thermal insulation layer outside model, and one
Side wall is set as fire prevention tempering transparent glass, and structural support rack is built using structural steel, and support stand support tunnel model hangs
It is empty；Horizontal sliding track, simulation fire source track-movable and fixation are provided in the middle part of tunnel model；
The test system includes：Fuel mass loses test system, temperature field test system in tunnel, wind speed test system
System and experimentation image recording system.
The mass loss measures test system and is set in the middle part of tunnel model, can transversely move sliding rail, including
Electronic balance, balance bracket, support bracket and the data acquisition device being connected with balance, simulation fire source are positioned on balance；
Temperature field test system includes being set to the thermocouple woodlot of tunnel model center burning things which may cause a fire disaster present position section, be indulged along tunnel model
To and positioned at the thermocouple woodlot of tunnel vault arrangement and the data acquisition device of connection；Wind speed test system includes being arranged in tunnel
2 sets of anemographs of road model burning things which may cause a fire disaster upstream；Measuring system of picture includes the Image Acquisition being set to outside tunnel model one end
The lamp for illumination outside camera and tunnel model side.
The horizontal sliding track is two bar grooves laterally set in tunnel floor upper edge section, and support bracket carries simulation
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster, electronic balance, balance bracket are laterally arbitrary mobile in slot.Any position of its mobile range between two side, can
The fire that different location on vcehicular tunnel difference track or track occurs is simulated, while is provided on slippage slot corresponding
Scale, can precise positioning specific location, during the experiment in addition to other gaps of bearing support position in slippage slot
It can close, influence burning to prevent bottom volume from inhaling.
The simulation fire source is the rectangular oil sump of filling fuel, fuel be Tunnel Fire vehicle fuel gasoline or/
And diesel oil.
The cross dimensions ratio in the simulation tunnel and practical vcehicular tunnel is 1：16.
The thermal insulation layer is the clad that the thickness that heat preserving and insulating material alumina silicate needle punched felt is formed is 30mm.And use spiral shell
On the sheet metal in female anchorage model tunnel, for simulating the heat insulation of lining cutting outside actual tunnel.
Thermocouple is arranged with three-dimensional lattice in the Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature, along simulation longitudinally disposed 6 row in tunnel, with simulation
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster section sets first row, is spaced 50cm, 100cm, 150cm, 250cm, 350cm successively and sets other 5 rows；Often arrange vertically by
Down-set 5 row of tunnel top, the row of center one are located at tunnel cross-section center line, and each row in both sides are apart from tunnel-side 2cm, and another two
Row are located among adjacent column；Remaining each row may be contained within tunnel cross-section midline by down-set 1 row of tunnel top；Each column
Arrange 5 thermocouples, top thermocouple range simulation umbrella arch 2cm, spacing 6cm between neighboring thermocouple.
Two sets of anemographs are arranged in range simulation tunnel burning things which may cause a fire disaster section 1.5m, the vertical center of simulation tunnel cross-section
At line position, and it is respectively 0.1m, 0.2m with the distance of model tunnel floor.
The total height of the support bracket is 15cm.
The thermocouple range is not damaged with precision problem by the consideration of burning things which may cause a fire disaster section according to ensuring that thermocouple do not damage
Primary condition under, with the principle that burning things which may cause a fire disaster section is gradually reduced according to the increase for the distance that keeps fire away, in burning things which may cause a fire disaster section first
The range for arranging 5 row thermocouples is 0 DEG C~1200, and the range for being spaced two row thermocouples at 50cm and 100cm is 0 DEG C~800 DEG C,
The range for being spaced 3 row thermocouples at 150cm, 250cm and 350cm is 0 DEG C~600 DEG C.
Data acquisition device can record mass change in whole experiment process, test frequency 1HZ in real time.
Multilane highway tunnel experiment fire platform of the present invention is divided into top tunnel model and superstructure support stand two
Part, middle and upper part tunnel model total length are 8.5m, and model section is by certain according to practical unidirectional Double-lane highway tunnel
Similar proportion constructs, and tunnel model is integrally mainly built, while model side is set as using the preferable sheet metal of plasticity
12mm fire prevention tempering transparent glass, provides daylighting for observation tunnel internal fire development and flame forms, is adopted outside tunnel model
Provision for thermal insulation is taken, reaches corresponding heat insulation to simulate lining cutting in actual tunnel, burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at tunnel model longitudinal middle part, can
It can arbitrarily be adjusted along tunnel cross-section lateral position, with the effect of different lateral positions fire in simulating actual conditions；Test top
Structural support rack is built using angle steel, and needing to meet ensures that top tunnel model has certain vertical height and tunnel model
Generally in two requirements of level；
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster section is in model tunnel longitudinal middle part, and being horizontally arranged with two slips along section at tunnel floor can
The slot of closing, the width of slot are slided during the experiment it is ensured that bearing support transverse shifting and can not contact in slot with cell wall
It moves in addition to other gaps of bearing support position can be closed in slot, influences burning, slippage slot to prevent bottom volume from inhaling
On be provided with corresponding scale, burning things which may cause a fire disaster can be arranged by slippage slot with the lateral any position of section, can arrange ranging from tunnel
Any position between model two side can carry out mould to the fire that different location on vcehicular tunnel difference track or track occurs
Intend.
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster uses typical prismatic liquid pool fire, and oil sump area is determined according to practical fire scale, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster fuel uses highway
The main fuel gasoline and diesel oil of the main S.I biogas engine, that is, vehicle of tunnel fire hazard.
Provision for thermal insulation is to wrap up the preferable heat preserving and insulating material alumina silicate needle punched felt of one layer of heat-proof quality in tunnel outer,
Its thickness is 30mm, and on the sheet metal with nut anchorage model tunnel, for simulating the heat-insulated effect of lining cutting outside actual tunnel
Fruit.
Experiment test system includes fuel mass and loses test system, temperature field test system in tunnel, wind speed test system
System and experimentation image recording system：
Thermocouple range is considered as not damaging with precision problem according in the case where ensuring primary condition that thermocouple does not damage, with
The principle that burning things which may cause a fire disaster section is gradually reduced according to the increase for the distance that keeps fire away is selected
Wind speed tests 2 wind speed measuring points of system and burning things which may cause a fire disaster upstream and corresponding online anemograph device, the survey
Point is according to tunnel burning things which may cause a fire disaster section 1.5m, and at tunnel cross-section position of center line, and in total comprising two measuring points, measuring point is away from model tunnel
Road bottom plate distance is respectively 0.1m, 0.2m.
Mass loss test system includes electronic balance, balance bracket, support bracket and the data that are connected with balance and adopts
Acquisition means, balance bracket are welded in using angle steel on superstructure support stand, and electronic balance is positioned over flat on balance bracket
It on plate, is sequentially placed in test process by the sequence of food tray, bearing support, electronic balance from top to bottom, while will with solid gum
Connection is fixed, and electronic balance is directly connected on data acquisition device, and is passed through in computer synchronous recording experimentation in oil sump
The real-time quality of oil mass, the height of bearing support is 15cm, and one side prevents high temperature from influencing balance measuring accuracy, on the other hand
Food tray floor height is made to have certain altitude away from tunnel floor, with corresponding away from ground level with oil tank of vehicle in practical fire.
Since tunnel cross-section is domes, complete documentation flame plume form is unable to from side for image capturing system, Gu
Immediately ahead of camera arrangement tunnel one end on tunnel center line, camera is fixed at certain position with stent in experimentation,
Focusing position is adjusted simultaneously, focuses on right over burning things which may cause a fire disaster, then immobilizes, it is ensured that test camera position and focal position every time
, due in experimentation combustion product gases it is larger, this experiment porch is in tunnel model side close to saturating tight defense flint glass one
Side be provided with three high-brightness LED lamps to tunnel internal spy penetrate, by facilitate it is clear observation flame plume in the form of and plume dynamic.
In experimentation, test system measuring point is arranged on experiment porch as above-mentioned, and by temperature test element thermoelectricity
Occasionally it is connected with temperature data acquisition instrument, wind speed testing element is connected with air speed data Acquisition Instrument, electronic balance and quality note
Record instrument is connected, and finally unifies the connection of each Acquisition Instrument is initial with carrying out system data on data record computer, before test respectively
Change processing, acquisition, while corresponding testing range, frequency acquisition, observation are configured, then image is arranged by above-mentioned
Acquisition system is adjusted to optimum efficiency and fixation and is remained unchanged, finally lights burning things which may cause a fire disaster, tested.During the test, computer
Each data collecting instrument institute gathered data of synchronous recording preserves after to be tested and extracts data conversion treatment analysis.
A kind of multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment platform system that the present invention designs, main needle
To gasoline extensive in multilane highway tunnel and diesel pool fire when section difference lateral position is burnt, Tunnel Fire
The fire scenarios fundamental characteristics exhibitions such as heat release rate, burning things which may cause a fire disaster section temperature, the distribution of tunnel longitudinal temperature, flame plume changes of the mood
Research is opened, while analyzes its changing rule with lateral position, it is small that use is simple and easy to control, accuracy is relatively strong, confidence level is higher
Scale experiment platform is tested instead of full-scale experiment complicated for operation, costly, that error is big.Carried out using this experiment porch
Multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment by the reduction of fire scenario practical to vcehicular tunnel, can be
The detection of highway in China tunnel fire hazard, fire fire-fighting, structural shielding design, fire safety evaluating control and subsequent evacuating personnel are prevented
Smoke evacuation and evacuation structure arrangement provide important data basis and science support, and vcehicular tunnel operation and Fire prevention are evacuated
Development and improve be of great significance.
Beneficial effects of the present invention following points：
(1) it the present invention provides a kind of multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment platform system, obtains
The experiment test platform that fire occurs for multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position can be simulated by obtaining, horizontal stroke of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster in section
It can arbitrarily be adjusted to position, the diversity of lateral position that fire in multilane highway tunnel cross-section can occur is simulated.
(2) this experiment porch fracture morphology, fuel type, fire scale, surrounding layer insulating layer and burning things which may cause a fire disaster are away from tunnel bottom
Plate height etc. is set with actual tunnel situation according to the dimension theory of similarity, in the case where ensuring confidence level, accuracy,
The shortcomings of the complicated for operation of full-scale fire test, exploitativeness are poor, experimental error is big, of high cost can be avoided, passes through the experiment
Analog platform can to multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position occur fire generate temperature field, fire hazard thermal discharge speed
The fire scenarios fundamentals such as rate, flame plume form, plume dynamic are simulated or are restored and recorded.
(3) real-time monitoring system that this experiment is established can entirely burn to multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire
Process is recorded, by a large amount of data monitored in real time, on the one hand convenient for comparative analysis difference lateral position fire
On the other hand the changing rule of tunnel internal fire scenario can be the detection of highway in China tunnel fire hazard, fire fire-fighting, structural shielding
Design, fire safety evaluating control and subsequent evacuating personnel, smoke controlling and evacuation structure arrangement provide important data basis and
Science supports, the development and improve with great meaning that the operation and Fire prevention for vcehicular tunnel or even railway tunnel are evacuated
Justice.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the variable simulation experiment platform transverse direction slip section signal of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that the variable simulation experiment platform transverse direction slip downward projection of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is the variable simulation experiment platform integral arrangement front view signal of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location
Figure；
Fig. 4 is the variable simulation experiment platform integral arrangement vertical view signal of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location
Figure；
Fig. 5 is the variable simulation experiment platform cross section K-K schematic diagrames of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location, in figure
Size, unit cm is marked；
Fig. 6 is the variable simulation experiment platform model longitudinal center burning things which may cause a fire disaster place of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location
Schematic cross-section, each point matrix representation temperature test thermocouple position in figure, number and double-head arrow are labeled as its and arrange distance,
Unit cm, letter are sequence mark；
Fig. 7 is that the variable simulation experiment platform tunnel center vertical section arrangement of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location is shown
It is intended to, each point matrix representation temperature or wind speed point layout position in figure, number and double-head arrow are labeled as it and arrange distance, unit
Cm, letter are sequence mark；
Fig. 8 is that the variable simulation experiment platform mass loss test system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location is whole
Arrange schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is that tunnel midline in multilane highway tunnel occurs in the different practical fire of track vehicle collision and model experiment
Simulation fire source position evolution schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is the practical fire of multilane highway tunnel track midline vehicle rear-end collision and simulation fire source position in model experiment
Put evolution schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is the practical fire of vehicle collision side wall and simulation fire source position in model experiment at multilane highway tunnel-side
Put evolution schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is that this fire simulation experiment horizontal platform difference lateral position occurs during fire in fire's point of origin section A sections
Vault measuring point A31 temperature test results；
Figure 13 is that this fire simulation experiment horizontal platform difference lateral position occurs during fire in fire's point of origin section A sections
Close to the non-flame resistant glass side measuring point A11 temperature test results of tunnel-side；
Away from fire's point of origin section 50cm when Figure 14 is this fire simulation experiment horizontal platform difference lateral position generation fire
Measuring point B1 temperature test results at vault in place's B sections；
Figure 15 is that multilane highway tunnel burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at 92# gasoline liquid pool fire heat release rate curve at tunnel midline position
Schematic diagram.
It is marked in figure：The practical fire diagrams of 1-, 2- burning things which may cause a fire disaster, 3- tops tunnel model, 4- superstructure support stands, 5- prevent
Flint glass observation window, 6- lateral positions variation slippage slot, 7- video cameras, 8-LED lamps, 9- support brackets, 10- balance brackets, 11-
Electronic balance, 12- harvesters, 13- computers, 14- insulating layers.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, embodiment is served only for carrying out the present invention further
Explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, those skilled in the art makees according to the content of the invention described above
Some the nonessential modifications and adaptations gone out also belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
With reference to attached drawing.
Embodiment one, simulation experiment platform system.
With reference to 1~Figure 11 of attached drawing, the present invention is further explained by example.
A kind of multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment platform includes experiment multilane highway tunnel
Fire platform and the test system to match.
Such as Fig. 3~Fig. 4, multilane highway tunnel fire hazard platform includes top tunnel model 3 and superstructure support stand 4
Two parts：
As shown in Fig. 3~Fig. 4, top tunnel model 3 is by certain similar according to practical unidirectional Double-lane highway tunnel
Ratio constructs, and tunnel model total length is 8.5m, and model is integrally mainly built using the preferable sheet metal of plasticity, model side
3 block length 1.5m, thickness are set in the range of 4.5m long away from model center section, that is, fire's point of origin section A or so each 2.25m
It prevents fires tempering glass transparent observation window 5 for 12mm, convenient for observation tunnel internal fire development and flame forms, outside tunnel model
Certain thickness thermal insulation layer 14 is wrapped up, reaches corresponding heat insulation to simulate lining cutting in actual tunnel；Test top structural support
Rack 4 is built using angle steel, and needing to meet ensures that top tunnel model 3 has certain vertical height and tunnel model integrally to locate
In two requirements of level.
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster 2 uses typical prismatic liquid pool fire, and oil sump area is determined according to practical fire scale, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster fuel uses highway
The main fuel gasoline and diesel oil of the main S.I biogas engine, that is, vehicle of tunnel fire hazard.
As shown in figure 5, a kind of multilane highway tunnel difference track fire combustion characteristics experiment porch presses practical highway list
1 is pressed to two-way traffic：16 similar proportion construction, the high 44cm of section, wide 60cm, it is 30mm's that model outside, which is enclosed with a layer thickness,
Heat preserving and insulating material alumina silicate needle punched felt thermal insulation layer 14, and on the sheet metal with nut anchorage model tunnel, for simulating reality
The heat insulation of border tunnel outer lining cutting.
As shown in Fig. 1~Fig. 2, horizontal sliding track is provided in the middle part of tunnel model, simulation fire source can be along track in both sides
Any position is moved and is laterally fixed between wall；Horizontal sliding track 6 is two bar grooves 6 that tunnel floor upper edge section is laterally set,
Support bracket carries simulation fire source 2, electronic balance 10 can be laterally arbitrary mobile in slot, and the width of slot is it is ensured that bearing support can
It transverse shifting and is not contacted in slot with cell wall, any position of the mobile range between two side can be to vcehicular tunnel not
The fire occurred with different location on track or track is simulated, while corresponding scale is provided on slippage slot, can be accurate
Specific location is positioned, during the experiment in addition to other gaps of bearing support position can be closed in slippage slot, with
Preventing bottom volume from inhaling influences burning.
A kind of multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment platform experiment test system includes fuel matter
Amount loss test system, temperature field test system in tunnel, wind speed test system and experimentation image recording system；
Mass loss measures test system and includes electronic balance, balance bracket, support bracket and the number being connected with balance
According to harvester, as shown in figure 8, balance bracket 10 is welded in using angle steel on superstructure support stand 4, electronic balance 11 is put
It is placed on the tablet on balance bracket 5, in test process by food tray burning things which may cause a fire disaster 2, support bracket 9, electronic balance 11 from top to bottom
Sequence is sequentially placed, while will be connected and fixed with solid gum, and electronic balance 11 is directly connected on data acquisition device 12, and is led to
Cross the real-time quality of oil mass in oil sump in 13 synchronous recording experimentation of computer, the height of bearing support 9 is 15cm, one side
Prevent high temperature influence balance measuring accuracy, food tray floor height is on the other hand made to have certain altitude away from tunnel floor, with reality
Oil tank of vehicle is corresponding away from ground level in fire.
As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, temperature field test system includes model center burning things which may cause a fire disaster present position section thermocouple woodlot, edge
Model longitudinal direction and the thermocouple woodlot being located at below arrangement tunnel vault and the data acquisition device accordingly connected.
Thermocouple is arranged into dot matrix in Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature, and using 5 thermocouple measuring points of a row as a tree, is referred to as thermoelectricity
Even tree, each thermocouple tree size is identical, in same tree 5 thermocouples away from distance from top be respectively 2cm, 8cm, 14cm, 20cm,
26cm, thermocouple tree sum are 10 trees, totally 50 measuring points, respectively along laterally disconnected where model tunnel central section, that is, fire's point of origin
It face and is arranged along tunnel center line tunnel longitudinal direction vault, each dot matrix represents the thermocouple of Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature in figure as shown in Figure 8
Position, the distance of four-headed arrow and digitized representation thermocouple away from top, unit：Cm, letter is sorting representationb, cloth in section
Common arrangement 5 row thermocouples i.e. 5 tree thermocouple trees are put, altogether comprising 25 measuring points, comprising 25 measuring points, respectively positioned at the tunnel model
Respectively away from vault central cross both sides horizontal distance each 0.15m, 0.28m on longitudinal center's section vault center and the section
Locate, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 represent that lateral arrangement respectively arranges respectively in Fig. 6, and A11 represents that specific thermocouple position is A1 row
Thermocouple the 1st thermocouple of number from top to bottom；As shown in fig. 7, in addition to the thermocouple measuring point of A sections arrangement, along tunnel center line
Tunnel longitudinal direction vault there also is provided 5 tree thermocouples, be respectively to break away from tunnel model center, that is, fire's point of origin comprising 25 measuring points
In the A sections of face at A3 row thermocouple fore-and-aft distance 50cm, 100cm, 150cm, 250cm, 350cm, each dot matrix represents in figure in figure
The thermocouple position of Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature, the distance of four-headed arrow and digitized representation thermocouple away from top, unit：Cm, word
Mother is sorting representationb, and B, C, D, E, F represent that longitudinal direction is vertically arranged each row in figure, and wherein B1 represents specific thermocouple position
It is B row thermocouple the 1st thermocouple of number from top to bottom.
The thermocouple range is considered as not damaging with precision problem according in the basic item for ensuring thermocouple and not damaging
Under part, the principle being gradually reduced with burning things which may cause a fire disaster section according to the increase for the distance that keeps fire away is selected, thermocouple in this implementation
Arrangement is that fire's point of origin section A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 row thermocouple range is：0~1200 DEG C, two row thermocouple amount of B, C
Cheng Wei：0~800 DEG C, two row thermocouple range of D, E, F is：0~600 DEG C
Wind speed test system includes 2 wind speed measuring points of arrangement and burning things which may cause a fire disaster upstream and corresponding online anemograph device；
As shown in fig. 7, wind speed measuring point is represented with V1, V2, in total comprising two measuring points, measuring point is respectively away from model tunnel floor distance
10cm, 20cm are arranged in away from tunnel burning things which may cause a fire disaster section A longitudinal direction 250cm.
Measuring system of picture mainly includes Image Acquisition camera, for searchlighting to facilitate the high-brightness LED lamp of observation；Such as
Shown in Fig. 3~Fig. 4, since tunnel cross-section is domes, complete documentation flame plume form, 7 cloth of video camera are unable to from side
It is placed in immediately ahead of tunnel model end on tunnel center line, camera is fixed at certain position with stent in experimentation, together
When adjust focusing position, focus on right over burning things which may cause a fire disaster 2, then immobilize, it is ensured that test camera position and focal position every time
, due in experimentation combustion product gases it is larger, this experiment porch is in tunnel model side close to transparent fire-resistant glass 5 one
Side be provided with three high-brightness LED lamps 8 to tunnel internal spy penetrate, by facilitate it is clear observation flame plume in the form of and plume dynamic.
The application of embodiment two, multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment platform.
The present embodiment uses above-mentioned multilane highway tunnel difference lateral position fire simulation experiment platform, simulates respectively
As shown in Fig. 9~Figure 11, different track automobile crash and fire occurs in tunnel medium position, position in such as Fig. 9, i.e. figure
Middle, vehicle spontaneous combustion knock into the back and fire occur at lane center position, position Side, vehicle in such as Figure 10, i.e. figure
It bumps against tunnel-side and the fire of three kinds of situations of fire occurs close to side-walls in tunnel, position Wall in such as Figure 11, i.e. figure.
In experimentation, will test system measuring point by being arranged on experiment porch as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, and by temperature test
Component thermocouple is connected with temperature data acquisition instrument, wind speed testing element is connected with air speed data Acquisition Instrument, electronic balance
It is connected with quality record instrument, finally unifies the connection of each Acquisition Instrument on data record computer, system is carried out respectively before test
Data initialization processing, acquisition, while corresponding testing range, frequency acquisition, observation are configured, then by above-mentioned cloth
Image capturing system has been put, has adjusted to optimum efficiency and fixation and remains unchanged, finally light burning things which may cause a fire disaster, tested.It was testing
Cheng Zhong, each data collecting instrument institute gathered data of computer synchronous recording preserve after to be tested and extract data conversion treatment point
Analysis.
The burning things which may cause a fire disaster fuel that the present embodiment uses is about for car main fuel 92# gasoline, fire firing duration
10min, test data time are about 40min, use control variate method in experimental test procedures, are adopted for different fire conditions
With same size food tray and the fuel of similary quality model of the same race, tested below with experiment porch tunnel model interior temperature distribution
As a result it is analyzed.
Figure 15 is provided when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at heat release rate curve, and tunnel is presented in the visible mass loss curve of analysis curve
The typical three stage patterns of road fire, i.e., be significantly divided into three phases, i.e., burning things which may cause a fire disaster burning build phase, the burning things which may cause a fire disaster flameholding stage,
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster burning decline stage, it is seen that the platform testing system is stronger for tunnel fire hazard simulation authenticity, while is also shown maximum
Heat release rate reaches 4.5mw, and fire scenario during two car burnings in simulation tunnel is intended in this test, according to international road
Report PIARC report to tunnel internal fire scale statistical data it is found that two stingy vehicles tunnel internal occur fire when,
Maximum heat release rate reaches 5mw, and it is smaller to compare both visible gap, it is seen that this experiment porch and test system can preferably reflect
Tunnel fire hazard real scene.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 gives tunnel internal burning things which may cause a fire disaster middle part section A sections, tunnel midline position under different fire conditions
Locate the temperature test result of A3 row thermocouple trees A31 and A32.As shown in figure 11, it can be seen that from A31 test results and work as burning things which may cause a fire disaster
During positioned at different lateral positions, there are larger temperature difference at the measuring point, wherein burning things which may cause a fire disaster be located at tunnel midline position Middle with
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at tunnel track midline position Side maximum temperature differences up to 100 DEG C, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at tunnel midline position Middle and burning things which may cause a fire disaster
It is 70 DEG C big by wall displacement Wall maximum temperature differences positioned at tunnel-side, with the increase away from tunnel midline position, present with away from tunnel
The increase of road center line distance, the rule that the temperature at point position is gradually reduced；It as shown in figure 12, can from the test result of A32
To find out, there are still larger temperature differences, wherein burning things which may cause a fire disaster when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at different lateral positions, at the measuring point to be located in tunnel
Line position Middle is located at tunnel track midline position Side maximum temperature differences up to 300 DEG C with burning things which may cause a fire disaster, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at tunnel center line position
It puts Middle and burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at tunnel-side and leans on wall displacement Wall maximum temperature differences 350 DEG C big, but with away from tunnel midline position
Increase, opposite rule is presented, i.e., with the increase away from tunnel center line distance, the temperature at the point position gradually increases.
It can be seen that position of the burning things which may cause a fire disaster in section horizontal stroke is affected for section internal temperature field distribution, the distribution in temperature field is for subsequently tying
Structure fire protection design, Fire prevention etc. are affected, therefore when fire is located at different lateral, it should be targeted
Figure 14 is provided in longitudinal section away from section vault measuring point B1 measuring point temperature test results at burning things which may cause a fire disaster section difference 50cm.
As shown in figure 14, only 160 DEG C of maximum temperature when can be seen that burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at tunnel center line Middle at this time from B1 test results,
Burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at only 170 DEG C of maximum temperature at the center line Side of tunnel track, when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is located at side wall Wall maximum temperature up to 140 DEG C,
Maximum temperature gap is up to 400 DEG C in its opposite such as Figure 13, and temperature field drops very fast along longitudinal direction；Simultaneously burning things which may cause a fire disaster is also shown to be located at
When at different location, between the temperature between the vault of section longitudinal direction and temperature growth rate is significantly different, at this time side Side temperature
Degree is higher, and the speed for reaching maximum temperature is very fast.
Claims (10)
1. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location, it is characterised in that：Vcehicular tunnel mould
Intend platform for simulating the arbitrary lateral position fire in multilane highway tunnel, test system is released for obtaining tunnel internal fire hazard thermal
Put rate, section and longitudinal temperature field distribution, burning things which may cause a fire disaster flame plume form；
The vcehicular tunnel analog platform, is made of tunnel model structure and structural support rack；Wherein, tunnel model length is
8.5m, section is identical with vcehicular tunnel cross section, is built by sheet metal, axial surface cladding thermal insulation layer, one side wall outside model
Fire prevention tempering transparent glass is set as, structural support rack is built using structural steel, and support stand support tunnel model is hanging；Tunnel
Horizontal sliding track, simulation fire source track-movable and fixation are provided in the middle part of road model；
The test system includes：Fuel mass loses test system, temperature field test system in tunnel, wind speed test system and
Experimentation image recording system.
2. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The mass loss measures test system and is set in the middle part of tunnel model, can transversely move sliding rail, including
Electronic balance, balance bracket, support bracket and the data acquisition device being connected with balance, simulation fire source are positioned on balance；
Temperature field test system includes being set to the thermocouple woodlot of tunnel model center burning things which may cause a fire disaster present position section, be indulged along tunnel model
To and positioned at the thermocouple woodlot of tunnel vault arrangement and the data acquisition device of connection；Wind speed test system includes being arranged in tunnel
2 sets of anemographs of road model burning things which may cause a fire disaster upstream；Measuring system of picture includes the Image Acquisition being set to outside tunnel model one end
The lamp for illumination outside camera and tunnel model side.
3. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The horizontal sliding track is two bar grooves laterally set in tunnel floor upper edge section, and support bracket carries mould
It is laterally arbitrary mobile in slot to intend burning things which may cause a fire disaster, electronic balance, balance bracket.
4. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The simulation fire source is the rectangular oil sump of filling fuel, fuel be Tunnel Fire vehicle fuel gasoline or/
And diesel oil.
5. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The cross dimensions ratio in the simulation tunnel and practical vcehicular tunnel is 1：16.
6. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The thermal insulation layer is the clad that the thickness that heat preserving and insulating material alumina silicate needle punched felt is formed is 30mm.
7. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：Thermocouple is arranged with three-dimensional lattice in the Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature, along simulation longitudinally disposed 6 row in tunnel, with mould
Intend burning things which may cause a fire disaster section setting first row, be spaced 50cm, 100cm, 150cm, 250cm, 350cm successively and other 5 rows are set；Often row is vertical
By down-set 5 row of tunnel top, the row of center one are located at tunnel cross-section center line, and each row in both sides are apart from tunnel-side 2cm, separately
Two row are located among adjacent column；Remaining each row may be contained within tunnel cross-section midline by down-set 1 row of tunnel top；Often
Row 5 thermocouples of arrangement, top thermocouple range simulation umbrella arch 2cm, spacing 6cm between neighboring thermocouple.
8. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：Two sets of anemographs be arranged in range simulation tunnel burning things which may cause a fire disaster section 1.5m, simulation tunnel cross-section it is vertical in
At heart line position, and it is respectively 0.1m, 0.2m with the distance of model tunnel floor.
9. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：The total height of the support bracket is 15cm.
10. the variable simulation experiment platform system of multilane highway tunnel lateral direction fire location according to claim 7,
It is characterized in that：The thermocouple range is not damaged with precision problem by the consideration of burning things which may cause a fire disaster section according to ensuring that thermocouple do not damage
Primary condition under, with the principle that burning things which may cause a fire disaster section is gradually reduced according to the increase for the distance that keeps fire away, in burning things which may cause a fire disaster section first
The range for arranging 5 row thermocouples is 0 DEG C~1200, and the range for being spaced two row thermocouples at 50cm and 100cm is 0 DEG C~800 DEG C,
The range for being spaced 3 row thermocouples at 150cm, 250cm and 350cm is 0 DEG C~600 DEG C.
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