CN108225706B - A kind of identification wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure - Google Patents
A kind of identification wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225706B CN108225706B CN201611162171.XA CN201611162171A CN108225706B CN 108225706 B CN108225706 B CN 108225706B CN 201611162171 A CN201611162171 A CN 201611162171A CN 108225706 B CN108225706 B CN 108225706B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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Abstract
A kind of identification wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure, it realizes the Impact monitoring in wheel operation to intensive removing pitted skin failure, alarms, submits to repair in due course, it prevents from intensively removing pitted skin failure in time and continues to extend, accident caused by not only preventing wheel therefore, also by the timely service life for eliminating damage, preventing Quick Extended and extending wheel, and prevent the harm to adjacent component.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rail traffic vehicles fault diagnosis, safeguard protection and reliability design technology fields, are related to one kind
Identification wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure.
Background technique
As China's rolling stock is to high speed, the development in heavy loading direction, peeling has become wheel tread failure
One of principal mode.Classical failure usually occurs in the part of wheel tread, however, to other aspects when due to design
Tradeoff (as reduced the damage to rail) and fault in material and design defect, the form of expression of tyre tread failure also become complicated and rise
Come, is no longer limited to occur in tyre tread part, the even whole circle removing of intensive removing, pitted skin failure largely occur.
Always there is defect fault point at one first in classical tyre tread failure, tyre tread, and tyre tread is every in wheel operation process
One circle of rotation only generates one-shot with rail.If rotating-speed tracking sampling technique sets wheel per revolution and acquires 400
Sampled point, the then fault signature that time domain, frequency domain show are as follows: time domain generates one-shot every 400 points, and the tyre tread of frequency domain is each
Rank amplitude is successively decreased stepwise, as shown in Fig. 1.However pitted skin failure is intensively removed for tyre tread, it is each in wheel operation process
It is related to the size and location of pick-up point that pick-up point can inspire impact signal, impact strength and phase.Therefore, in tyre tread
There are a large amount of shock pulses in 400 sampled points of one circle of rotation, and the periodicity of time domain is obvious far away from classical fault, on frequency domain
Failure high-order is also irregular distribution, and the distribution of highest spectral line is related with the relative position of several big pick-up points, such as 2 institute of attached drawing
Show.This makes the on-line monitoring of tyre tread failure be faced with new challenges.
In on-line fault monitoring field, China the world is occupy based on generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation fault diagnosis technology before
Column.During tyre tread on-line automaticization diagnostic alarms, it is common practice to after identifying that wheel tread breaks down, by altogether
Certain fault signatures spectrum of vibration demodulation spectra low-frequency range calculates impact strength, and it is differential to converse failure, i.e. diagnosis dB value.Therefore
When the failures such as being partially stripped, abrading in face of classical tyre tread, application effect is preferable, has also obtained the affirmative of application side.But
When in face of whole circle defect failure, then often fail to pinpoint a disease in diagnosis.
At present for the whole circle defect failure of tyre tread, artificial visual inspection is relied primarily on, there are no a kind of maturation, effective
Online technique realize engineering application.Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a kind of identification wheel intensively to remove the automatic of pitted skin failure
Change diagnostic method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome drawbacks described above of the existing technology, provide a kind of identification wheel
The automated diagnostic method of intensive removing pitted skin failure.The present invention is based on existing using generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique
Bearing fault detection device detects the information comprising the impact of tyre tread failure exported in locomotive vehicle operation, and passes through
Rotating-speed tracking sampling technique obtains the sample comprising tyre tread failure impact information, is made whether there are intensive removing fiber crops for tyre tread
The profound diagnosis of face failure.
Theory of spectrum analysis is pointed out:
If 1, tyre tread only exists a defect fault point, tyre tread per revolution and steel during locomotive operation
Rail generates one-shot.Such as rotating-speed tracking sampling technique setting wheel per revolution acquire 400 sampled points, then time domain,
The fault signature that frequency domain shows are as follows: time domain generates one-shots every 400 points, the amplitude of each rank frequency spectrum of the tyre tread of frequency domain by
Rank is successively decreased；
If 2, tyre tread is there are two defect fault points, the meeting of tyre tread per revolution and rail during locomotive operation
Generate two Secondary Shocks.Time domain data every 400 sampled points that i.e. rotating-speed tracking picks up survey can have two shock pulses, and frequency domain
Random decreasing phenomenon is then presented in each rank amplitude of tyre tread, and the highest spectrum of amplitude is related with the phase of two Secondary Shocks.If two Secondary Shocks
Phase phase difference 180 degree, then 2 rank spectral amplitude ratio highest.If two Secondary Shocks phases differ 120 degree, 3 rank spectral amplitude ratio highests；
If 3, tyre tread is stepped on there are K defect fault point (i.e. whole to enclose the internal flaws such as intensive removing, pitted skin or crackle)
Face per revolution can generate K Secondary Shocks with rail.That is every 400 sampled points of time domain data can have K shock pulse, at this time
The tyre tread high-order of frequency domain is more, but is distributed irregularly, and the regularity of distribution and the impact phase that each pick-up point generates are closely related.
In addition, equally being can be found that by the resonance and demodulation monitoring data for having case: tyre tread intensively removes the height of failure
Rank shows the phenomenon that irregular distribution, this exists obviously with the monitoring data classical, single failure occurs first in tyre tread
Difference.
Therefore, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of identification wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure, uses the sensor of detection failure impact
The corresponding detecting instrument with what is be attached thereto detects wheel using generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation method and rotating-speed tracking detection method
The failure impact signal of tyre tread, and I uniform sampling is carried out to signal in each rotation period of tyre tread, in order to more
The accurately distribution situation of measurement tyre tread impact circumferentially, the value range of I are the integer more than or equal to 100, such as I=
200 or 400, it obtains failure impact signal sample S0 (i)；Its sample length i is random length, such as 2K, but in order to stepping on
The numerical value of the multiple complete cycles in face carries out balanced investigation, and the tyre tread rotation period number that failure impact signal sample is included is greater than or equal to
5；Then identify that wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure in the steps below:
Step 1, the data in failure impact signal sample S0 (i) comprising N number of tyre tread period are intercepted, impact signal S is obtained
(i), the value of Integer N is INT (length/I of S0 (i) sample), and INT is the function that rounds up in formula；Wheel each rotation
The value range of detection points I is the integer more than or equal to 100；The value range of N is the integer more than or equal to 5；
Step 2, Fourier transformation is carried out to impact signal S (i) and obtains frequency spectrum F (i), resonance and demodulation frequency is impacted according to failure
The multistage property principle of spectrum searches for all higher-order spectrums of tyre tread characteristic spectrum (i.e. N spectral line) in F (i), obtains all satisfactions of tyre tread
The integer sequence of the order of the higher-order spectrum of criterion: X=1,2,3 ...；It is confirmed as the method for high-order clef are as follows:
A) determine that the spectral line in X sequence meets peaks demand: F (N*X-1)=<F (N*X) and F (N*X)>=F (N*X+1)；
B) determine to meet discreteness requirement in X sequence: F (N*X) is less than in the mean value for controlling spectral line amplitude within the scope of 4
The 60% of F (N*X) amplitude；
If c) meeting condition a) and b) simultaneously, determine that N*X spectral line is composed for the X rank of tyre tread.Wherein X is whole
Number, the integer that value range is 1 to I/2.Such as the number N=10 in impact signal S (i) N number of tyre tread period for including, every turn of wheel
Detection in one week is counted I=400, then in F (i) No. 10 spectral line (i=10) be tyre tread characteristic spectrum tyre tread feature clef, the
20,30,40 ..., No. 2000 spectral lines be tyre tread characteristic spectrum the 2nd, 3,4 ... 200 rank clefs, if only the 10th, 20,
No. 40 spectral lines be both peak value meet again discreteness requirement, then the higher-order spectrum of tyre tread failure be only 1,2,4 ranks spectrum, i.e., X sequence be 1,
2、4。
Step 3, if in the range of being less than INT (0.6*I/4), the data amount check in X sequence is greater than INT (0.2*I/
4), and X sequence is discontinuous in natural number field, then illustrates that tyre tread higher-order spectrum is abundant and distribution is irregular, it is intensive to be diagnosed as tyre tread
Pitted skin failure is removed, and executes step 4, is otherwise exited；
Step 4, the filtering for retaining tyre tread higher-order spectrum is carried out to F (i), it may be assumed that retain all ranks in the X sequence of tyre tread
Spectrum, realizes the filtering by inverse Fourier transform；Pitted skin failure is intensively removed to filtering obtained waveform measurement, calculating tyre tread
Impact strength, the differential dB value of tyre tread failure is calculated according to the software kit on corresponding detecting instrument, and determines alert levels.In advance
Alert standard is 54dB, and level-one alarm criteria is 60dB, and secondary alarm standard is 66dB.
It, can be in the software kit of corresponding detecting instrument with " X grades of whole circle " according to alert levels for further guide maintenance
Mode reminded, such as alert levels be second level wheel intensively remove pitted skin failure, prompt for " whole circle second level ".
The measurement, the method for calculating the impact strength that tyre tread intensively removes pitted skin failure are: taking the obtained waveform of filtering
Maximum value.
The corresponding detecting instrument is existing apparatus (such as locomotive running gear of Beijing Tangzhi Science Development Co., Ltd's production
Vehicle-bone monitoring device, the software kit in locomotive running gear vehicle-bone monitoring device are existing software).
The process that above-mentioned diagnosis wheel intensively removes pitted skin failure is as shown in Fig. 3.
The rotating-speed tracking detection method is the prior art, and for details, reference can be made to the patent " revolving speeds of varying-speed machinery fault diagnosis
Tracking sampling and clef solidify analysis method " (CN201010169783.8).
It is using beneficial effect caused by above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention:
Based on existing defeated using generalized resonance/resonance demodulation technique bearing fault detection device detection wheel tread institute
The information comprising the impact of tyre tread failure that has, and by rotating-speed tracking sampling technique obtain comprising tyre tread failure impact information
Sample, the method described through the invention can achieve the purpose for preventing initiation accident, but can reduce manual inspection range,
Reduce the workload of manual inspection.It can also prevent tyre tread from intensively removing pitted skin failure further expanding to core wheel, extend wheel
Service life is increased economic efficiency, while can also avoid intensively removing pitted skin failure long-play to the damage of adjacent component
Wound, improves the comfort and reliability of rolling stock.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the resonance and demodulation detection waveform figure and spectrogram of classical tyre tread failure；
Fig. 2 is the resonance and demodulation detection waveform figure and spectrogram that tyre tread intensively removes pitted skin failure；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart for diagnosing wheel and intensively removing pitted skin failure；
Fig. 4 is the software recognition effect that tyre tread intensively removes pitted skin failure.
Specific embodiment
It is worked together according to the software kit in the automatic diagnostic software and corresponding detecting instrument of the establishment of this patent method,
Implement on certain HX type locomotive, tyre tread alarm occurs in the 2nd axis of locomotive later, and attached drawing 4, which is the point position, utilizes generalized resonance/altogether
The impact signal sample of vibration demodulation method and rotating-speed tracking detection method detection bearing, the tyre tread troublesome periodic of time domain are unknown
Aobvious, it is more that resonance and demodulation composes tyre tread high-order, and irregular distribution is presented.
In present case, the number N=10 in N number of tyre tread period that impact signal S (i) includes, the test point of wheel each rotation
Number I=400, automatic diagnostic software are less than INT (0.6*I/4)=INT (0.6*400/4)=60 in defined tyre tread maximum order
In the range of, search meet peaks demand and meet discreteness requirement tyre tread failure higher-order spectrum order sequence X preceding 25
A value are as follows: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,15,16,19,21,22,24,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33, this
Number 25, is greater than the range of defined INT (0.2*I/4)=20, and automatic diagnostic software determines that the failure intensively removes fiber crops for tyre tread
Face failure；Software calculates tyre tread in inverse Fourier transform and intensively removes pitted skin to the frequency and amplitude of above-mentioned 25 high-order spectral lines
The impact strength of failure and then calculate that tyre tread failure is differential to reach 65dB, as shown in Fig. 4, due to reaching 1 grade of alarm criteria.Cause
This, software makes prompt in a manner of " whole circle level-one " in " diagnosis ", so as to maintenance department's condition maintenarnce.The measuring point position
There is removing, crack fault, spinning roller maintenance in second day progress spinning roller maintenance of the wheel set after alarm, the whole circle of discovery tyre tread
After Shi Xuan removes 23mm, Failure elimination.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of identification wheel intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure, using detection failure impact sensor and
The corresponding detecting instrument being attached thereto detects wheel pedal using generalized resonance/resonance and demodulation method and rotating-speed tracking detection method
The failure impact signal in face, and I uniform sampling is carried out to signal in each rotation period of tyre tread, obtain failure impact letter
Number sample S0 (i), which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, the data in failure impact signal sample S0 (i) comprising N number of tyre tread period are intercepted, impact signal S (i) is obtained,
The value of Integer N is INT (length/I of S0 (i) sample), and INT is the function that rounds up in formula；The detection of wheel each rotation
The value range of points I is the integer more than or equal to 100；The value range of N is the integer more than or equal to 5；
Step 2, Fourier transformation is carried out to impact signal S (i) and obtains frequency spectrum F (i), N spectral line is all in search F (i)
Higher-order spectrum, obtains the integer sequence of the order of all higher-order spectrums for meeting criterion of tyre tread: X=1, and 2,3 ...；
Step 3, if in the range of being less than INT (0.6*I/4), the data amount check in X sequence is greater than INT (0.2*I/4), and
X sequence is discontinuous in natural number field, then is diagnosed as tyre tread and intensively removes pitted skin failure, and execute step 4, otherwise exit；
Step 4, the filtering for retaining tyre tread higher-order spectrum is carried out to F (i), it may be assumed that retain all ranks spectrum in the X sequence of tyre tread, lead to
It crosses inverse Fourier transform and realizes the filtering；To filtering obtained waveform measurement, calculate tyre tread and intensively remove pitted skin failure and rush
Hit intensity calculates the differential dB value of tyre tread failure according to the software kit on corresponding detecting instrument, and determines alert levels.
2. a kind of identification wheel according to claim 1 intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure, feature
Be: all higher-order spectrums of N spectral line in described search F (i), obtain all higher-order spectrums for meeting criterion of tyre tread order it
Integer sequence: X=1,2,3 ..., method are as follows:
A) determine that the spectral line in X sequence meets peaks demand: F (N*X-1)=<F (N*X) and F (N*X)>=F (N*X+1)；
B) determine that the spectral line in X sequence meets discreteness requirement: F (N*X) is less than in the mean value for controlling spectral line amplitude within the scope of 4
The 60% of F (N*X) amplitude；
If c) meeting condition a) and b) simultaneously, determine that N*X spectral line is composed for the X rank of tyre tread, wherein X value range is
1 to I/2 integer.
3. a kind of identification wheel according to claim 1 intensively removes the automated diagnostic method of pitted skin failure, feature
It is: measures, the method that calculates the impact strength that tyre tread intensively removes pitted skin failure is: taking the maximum for filtering obtained waveform
Value.
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