CN108225552A - Tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method - Google Patents
Tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method, step are：(1) sun on daytime of different moments and the position angle of the moon at night are calculated, corresponding moment when record solar and identical moon positions angle；(2) daytime and circle moonlit night, sunny round moonlit night when selection the Sun and the Moon position angle is identical, illumination photometer array is arranged on the heat dump of tower heliostat field solar tower, measures the energy-flux density of optically focused hot spot.The moonlight normal direction direct projection illumination that comparison moon flash ranging light station measures, obtains the opposite energy-flux density of moonlight optically focused hot spot, i.e. focusing ratio function；On the daytime identical with the position angle at sunny circle moonlit night, the sun normal direction direct projection irradiation level of particular moment is measured with sun survey light station, this sun normal direction direct projection irradiation level is multiplied with focusing ratio function, flux-density distribution of the discrete tower heliostat field to day optically focused hot spot is obtained, then continuous daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution is obtained by data interpolating.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement methods.
Background technology
Solar energy tower type power generation is to reflex to solar radiation by the heliostat of the more tracking sun to be positioned on tower
Heat dump obtains high-temperature heat-transfer medium, the system that high temperature heat transfer fluid generates electricity directly or indirectly through thermodynamic cycle.Solar column
Formula power station mainly includes heliostat, solar tower, heat dump, thermal storage device and generating set etc..Solar energy tower type optically focused has following
Feature：1. numerous heliostats are simultaneously to tower top heat dump optically focused in optically focused field, in the aperture plane and heat-absorbent surface of heat dump
Upper formation high intensity optically focused energy-flux density heterogeneous；2. by position of sun, intensity of solar radiation and environmental condition etc. variation because
The influence of element, flux-density distribution constantly change at any time；3. large scale lighting surface.
In tower-type solar thermal power generating system, the measurement of the optically focused flux-density distribution on heat dump lighting surface is to optimization
The light thermal property important in inhibiting of whole system.It is not only evaluation heliostat field and the important parameter of heat dump performance, and
And flux-density distribution of each heliostat on the tracking target point, control lighting surface of lighting surface can be optimized, it avoids absorbing heat
Device damages due to temperature is excessively high.
Heat dump efficiency refers in the unit interval that the gross energy that heat transfer medium obtains in heat dump is with entering heat dump daylighting
The ratio between gross energy of mouth.Being integrated by the flux-density distribution to the incidence of heat dump surface can obtain entering heat dump daylighting
The gross energy of mouth.The thermal energy that heat transport fluid absorbs in heat dump is by calculating the flow velocity of fluid, specific heat capacity and its in entrance and going out
The product of the temperature difference of mouth obtains.Therefore the performance of heat dump can be evaluated by measuring energy-flux density.
The flux-density distribution on heat dump surface is the parameter being uniquely closely related with heliostat field performance.Optically focused field efficiency
Refer to that the unit interval reflects or is transmitted into through optically focused field the solar radiant energy of heat dump aperture and is incident to the daylighting of optically focused field
The ratio between total normal direction direct projection solar radiant energy on area.Unit interval can be obtained through poly- by the energy-flux density of heat dump aperture
Light field reflects or is transmitted into the solar radiant energy of heat dump aperture, and then evaluates optically focused field efficiency.By comparing with aiming
The energy-flux density that algorithm is calculated and actually measured energy-flux density, can evaluate heliostat and aim at model.By finding out energy
Peak region is flowed, the pointing accuracy of heliostat can be evaluated.Tracking target point of the heliostat on lighting surface is adjusted, is made
Flux-density distribution on lighting surface is more uniformly distributed, and heat dump is avoided to be damaged due to local temperature is excessively high.
The method that existing solar heat power generation system focal beam spot energy-flux density measures can be divided into three classes：Directly measure
Method, the indirect method of measurement and by the use of experimental data as support simulation calculation method.The direct method of measurement is directly to use energy flux detector,
If heat-flow meter measures the energy-flux density of receiving plane, the energy-flux density of focal beam spot is obtained by data interpolating.The indirect method of measurement is then
Use camera chain：CCD or CMOS cameras, thermal infrared imager etc., shooting receive target on light spot image, then by image at
Reason obtains receiving the flux-density distribution on target.Simulation calculation method is using experimental data as foundation, by being based on " Monte Carlo "
Ray-tracing Method, " cone optical method " etc. calculate the energy-flux density of glossing up.
Direct method of measurement time of measuring is long, spatial resolution is low；The detector quantity that the indirect method of measurement needs is less, space
High resolution, but can introduce error using the non-lambertian characteristic of camera shooting and reflecting surface；By the use of experimental data imitating as support
True calculating method, simulation result precision depend primarily on the quality of input parameter, dependent on the measured result of a variety of priori, therefore can
For the subsidiary of optically focused flux-density distribution, but it can't be basic measurement method.
Moreover, to solar energy tower type thermal generation system more than MW class, the opening size of heat dump is all at 5 meters or more.
Such as first commercialization solar tower-type thermal power station at present in the world, the PS10 positioned at Spain Seville, general power
For 11MWe, the opening size of the cavity type heat absorber of tower top is 11 meters wide 11 meters of height.To pacify on the plane of the opening of large-scale heat dump
It is particularly difficult to fill heat flux distribution measuring device, the test of high temperature, high heat flux density and large-sized gravity deformation etc. need be subjected to.
Existing heat dump plane of the opening heat flux distribution measuring method, the either direct method of measurement or the indirect method of measurement, cannot all expire
Foot needs.
The moon has similar angular diameter to the sun, and the circle moon is about 0.5 degree relative to the subtended angle of observation point on ground with the sun,
From the earth, the Sun and the Moon size is identical；The normal direction direct solar radiation of circle moon light beam on the ground is about million points of the sun
One of；Moonlight hot spot flux-density distribution is approximately Gaussian Profile.It therefore, can be with using the progress priori optically focused experiment of night moonlight
Heliostat field is obtained to day optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution.
The Holmes in U.S. Sang Diya laboratories et al. carries out round moon optically focused experiment on CRTF.Due to the moon and sun phase
There is identical angle for the earth, the size of the moon image on the white target of BCS targets is similar to the sun.On May 7 08:During 18MST
When the position of the moon be equal to the sun position when, 205 face heliostats to moonlight carry out optically focused, moonlight is focused on into BCS targets
On, so as to find out the center of gravity of hot spot.And the light spot image focused on moonlight adjusts settled date minute surface, but there is no carry out energy come simple
Document " Heliostat operation at the Central-Receiver Test Facility are shown in the measurement of current density
(1978-1980) [J] " (Holmes J.T, Nasa Sti/recon Technical Report N, nineteen eighty-two volume 82 the 3rd
Phase 133-138) in moonlight optically focused experiment.
Adrien Salome ' in French material and solar energy laboratory et al. 2009 the THEMIS power stations of France into
The optically focused experiment at row circle moon night with the optically focused hot spot of diffusing reflection blank on CCD camera shooting tower, is handled light spot image
It with analysis, is then compared with simulating obtained spot pattern, explores the computational methods of optimization hot spot flux-density distribution.Ginseng
See document " Control of the flux distribution on a solar tower receiver using an
optimized aiming point strategy:Application to THEMIS solar tower[J].”(Salomé
A, Chhel F, Flamant G et al., Solar Energy, the 4th phase 352-366. of volume 94 in 2013).
The Australian National University point optically focused experiment using the circle moon in 2009 has measured the large-scale parabolic dish type of 500 ㎡
The opposite optically focused flux-density distribution of condenser, the analogue value are compared with measured value, obtain minute surface face type error.Referring to document " A
New 500m2 paraboloidal dish solar concentrator [J] " (Lovegrove K., Burgess G.,
Pye J, Solar Energy, the fourth phase of volume 85 in 2011,620-626) in moonlight optically focused experiment.
Above-mentioned experiment is all by carrying out optically focused experiment to moonlight, the mode of " CCD camera "+" diffusing reflection blank " being utilized to obtain
The image of moonlight hot spot after optically focused, for measuring minute surface face type, adjustment heliostat minute surface face type, verification optically focused energy-flux density
Computational methods do not measure the optically focused flux-density distribution of heliostat field or other concentrators to day.
Existing 3 class tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method, cannot all meet practical power station
Measurement need, the moonlight modes of existing " CCD camera "+" the diffusing reflection blanks " of others can not obtain heliostat field to day
The optically focused flux-density distribution of optically focused.
Invention content
The purpose of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned existing tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measuring side
The deficiency of method proposes a kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method.
The present invention carries out optically focused experiment using night moonlight.Pass through the photograph being arranged in solar tower heat dump aperture plane
Degree meter array, directly measurement optically focused after moonlight hot spot Illumination Distribution, be converted to heliostat field day optically focused hot spot can be flowed it is close
Degree distribution.The optically focused experimentation of the present invention does not influence the work operation on heliostat field daytime, and measurement process does not influence heat dump
Normal work.And moonlight is cold light source, does not need to high temperature protection, does not need to complicated cooling structure, avoids direct survey
The difficulty of high intensity energy-flux density solar facula after amount optically focused.
The present invention has the characteristics of similar angular diameter using the moon to the sun, and the circle moon is with the sun relative to observation point on ground
Subtended angle be about 0.5 degree, from the earth, the Sun and the Moon size is identical；The normal direction direct solar radiation of circle moon light beam on the ground
About hundred a ten thousandths of the sun；Moonlight hot spot flux-density distribution is approximately Gaussian Profile.Therefore it is carried out using night moonlight
Priori optically focused is tested, and can obtain heliostat field to day optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution.
Thus, it is supposed that：1. the Sun and the Moon is consistent, in addition to shape and position angle, spectral characteristic is also consistent, solar column
Formula power station heliostat field optically focused uses identical operational mode at the test moment.2. heliostat field is to sunlight optically focused and to the moon
It is identical that light is condensed on objective plane the opposite i.e. focusing ratio function of flux-density distribution.
Ideal situation under assuming that is：
Directly measure the opposite flux-density distribution of moonlight optically focused hot spot, i.e. focusing ratio function：
CR (x, y)moon=I (x, y)/DNImoon (1.1)
Wherein, I is the illumination of hot spot everywhere in the discrete sampling of x/y plane, DNImoonFor moonlight normal direction direct projection illumination, CR
(x, y)moonOpposite energy-flux density for moonlight optically focused hot spot.
According to preferable assumed condition above 1. and 2., it can obtain：
CR (x, y)moon=CR (x, y)sun (1.2)
Then the energy-flux density at daylight optically focused hot spot discrete point is：
F (x, y)=CR (x, y)sun·DNIsun=CR (x, y)moon·DNIsun (1.3)
Wherein, F (x, y) is the energy-flux density at daylight optically focused hot spot discrete point, and to be respectively in x/y plane discrete for hot spot by x, y
Sampling.
Continuous daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution can be obtained by interpolation.Above-mentioned parameters are the time
Function changes with time.
The step of the method for the present invention, is as follows：
1. calculate the sun on daytime of different moments and the position angle of the moon at night：Elevation angle and azimuth, record
The Sun and the Moon position angle corresponding moment when identical.
Daytime and circle moonlit night when 2. selection the Sun and the Moon position angle is identical, sunny round moonlit night, in tower heliostat
Field is carried out to moon optically focused experiment, and illumination photometer array is arranged on the heat dump of solar tower, measures the energy-flux density of optically focused hot spot, by
Experimental data is transmitted in PC machine, and the moonlight normal direction direct projection illumination that comparison moon flash ranging light station measures obtains moonlight optically focused hot spot
With respect to energy-flux density, i.e. focusing ratio function, which is centrifugal pump.
On the daytime identical with the position angle at sunny circle moonlit night, the sun method of particular moment is measured with sun survey light station
To direct projection irradiation level, this sun normal direction direct projection irradiation level with focusing ratio function is multiplied, obtains discrete tower heliostat field pair
The flux-density distribution of day optically focused hot spot.Continuous daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution is obtained by data interpolating again.
The invention has the characteristics that：
Firstth, flux-density distribution measuring method of the present invention is to carry out priori optically focused experiment using night moonlight,
Heliostat field is converted to day optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution, experimentation does not influence the work fortune on heliostat field daytime
Row；
Secondth, energy-flux density measuring method measurement process of the present invention does not influence the normal work of heat dump；
Moonlight is cold light source in third, Heat flux calculation method of the present invention, does not need to high temperature protection, does not need to
Complicated cooling structure avoids large area and directly measures the difficulty of central high intensity energy-flux density；
4th, optically focused energy-flux density measuring method of the present invention, be not related to traditional CCD camera, diffusing reflection blank or
The water cooling heat-flow density sensor installed on diffusing reflection blank；Measurement process needs to install illumination photometer temporarily in heat dump aperture
Array, at the ground moon flash ranging light station that is mainly made of twin shaft moon tracker and reference illumination meter of installation, on ground installation or
The shared existing day flash ranging light station being mainly made of biaxial solar tracker and beam radia table of tower power station.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the measuring device of heat dump aperture optically focused flux-density distribution, in figure：1 illumination photometer array, 2PC machines, 3
Data collecting instrument；
Fig. 2 is a month flash ranging light station, in figure：4 reference illumination meters, 5 twin shaft moon trackers；
Fig. 3 is the tower heliostat field schematic diagram for being equipped with illumination photometer array, in figure：6 cavity type heat dumps, 7 solar towers,
8 heliostat fields, 1 illumination photometer array.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
Moon flash ranging light station as shown in Figure 2 is installed for measuring the normal direction direct projection illumination of moonlight, the wherein twin shaft moon tracks
Device 5 tracks the moon, and the normal direction direct projection that the reference illumination meter 4 being fixed on twin shaft moon tracker with stent measures moonlight is shone
Degree is installed or is shared the tower power station existing day being mainly made of biaxial solar tracker and beam radia table on ground
Flash ranging light station.Measuring process is as follows：
1st, the position of sun angle of different moments on daytime is calculated：Elevation angle and azimuth and the moon of different moments at night
Bright position angle：Elevation angle and azimuth, corresponding moment when record solar and identical moon positions angle.
2nd, choose the Sun and the Moon position angle it is identical when daytime and the circle moonlit night, for example 18 minutes 23 points of on Mays 2nd, 2017
17 points of sun of 25 minutes of the moon and May 5, the azimuth of the two is 275.6 degree, and elevation angle is 18.6 degree.Sunny circle
Moonlit night carries out in tower heliostat field to moon optically focused experiment, the cloth on the cavity type heat dump 6 of solar tower 7 as shown in Figure 3
Illumination photometer array 1 is put, moonlight is put into after the heliostat reflection in the heliostat field 8 of the real-time tracking moon mounted on heat absorption
In illumination photometer array 1 on device.Next as shown in Figure 1, illumination photometer array 1 measures the illuminance value of each sampled point, pass through
Experimental data is transmitted in PC machine 2 by data collecting instrument 3, compares the moonlight normal direction that the reference illumination meter 4 at moon flash ranging light station measures
Direct projection illumination obtains the opposite energy-flux density of moonlight optically focused hot spot, i.e. focusing ratio function, which is centrifugal pump.According to
Degree meter array is arranged for 9*9, and 81 centrifugal pumps are obtained.
3rd, it on the daytime identical with the moon positions angle at sunny round moonlit night, surveys light station with the sun and measures particular moment too
Positive normal direction direct projection irradiation level, is multiplied with focusing ratio function, and final measurement is：Tower heliostat field is obtained to day optically focused hot spot
Discrete flux-density distribution, then continuous daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution is obtained by data interpolating.It is used
Interpolation method is piecewise bilinear interpolation：Illumination photometer array has 9 rows 9 to arrange, and F (x, y) is the energy at daylight optically focused hot spot discrete point
Current density, x, y are respectively in x/y plane discrete sampling for hot spot, arbitrarily choose four adjacent points, respectively (xi, yj)、(xi,
yj+1)、(xi+1, yj)、(xi+1, yj+1), the discrete energy-flux density value pointed out of corresponding daylight optically focused hot spot is respectively F (xi,
yj)、F(xi, yj+1)、F(xi+1, yj)、F(xi+1, yj+1), then any point (x, y) can flow in the region that this four points are formed
Density value is：
F (x, y)=(F (xi, yj)(xi+1-x)(yi+1-y)+F(xi+1, yj)(x-xi)(yi+1-y)+F(xi, yj+1)(xi+1-x)
(y-yi)+F(xi+1,
yj+1)(x-xi)(y-yi))/((xi+1-xi)(yi+1-yi)) (1.4)
Formula (1.4) is constantly performed, continuous daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution can be obtained.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method, it is characterised in that：The measuring method
Optically focused experiment is carried out using night moonlight；By the illumination photometer array being arranged in solar tower heat dump aperture plane, directly
The Illumination Distribution of moonlight hot spot, is converted to heliostat field to day optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution after measurement optically focused.
2. a kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method according to claim 1, feature
It is：The measuring method step is as follows：
(1) sun on daytime of different moments and the position angle of the moon at night are calculated：Elevation angle and azimuth, record solar
Corresponding moment when identical with moon positions angle；
(2) it daytime and circle moonlit night, sunny round moonlit night when selection the Sun and the Moon position angle is identical, is opened in tower heliostat field
Exhibition arranges illumination photometer array on the heat dump of solar tower, measures the energy-flux density of optically focused hot spot, will test to moon optically focused experiment
Data are transmitted in PC machine, and the moonlight normal direction direct projection illumination that comparison moon flash ranging light station measures obtains the opposite of moonlight optically focused hot spot
Energy-flux density, i.e. focusing ratio function, the focusing ratio function are centrifugal pump；
(3) on the daytime identical with the position angle at sunny circle moonlit night, the sun method that light station measures particular moment is surveyed with the sun
To direct projection irradiation level, this sun normal direction direct projection irradiation level with focusing ratio function is multiplied, obtains discrete tower heliostat field pair
The flux-density distribution of day optically focused hot spot.Continuous daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution is obtained by data interpolating again.
3. a kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method according to claim 1, feature
It is：The Illumination Distribution of moonlight optically focused hot spot is measured with the illumination photometer of intensive arrangement, illumination measures on comparison moon flash ranging light station
The moonlight normal direction direct projection illumination of amount is obtained to moon optically focused hot spot with respect to flux-density distribution；The phase of the moonlight optically focused hot spot
Flux-density distribution is calculated as below：
CR(x,y)moon=I (x, y)/DNImoon (1)
Wherein, I is the illumination of hot spot everywhere, is sampled in the discrete location of heat dump aperture x/y plane, DNImoonFor moonlight normal direction
Direct projection illumination.
4. a kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method according to claim 3, feature
It is：The opposite energy-flux density of moonlight optically focused hot spot is approximately the opposite flux-density distribution of daylight optically focused hot spot, i.e.,：
CR(x,y)moon=CR (x, y)sun (2)
Then the energy-flux density at daylight optically focused hot spot discrete point is：
F (x, y)=CR (x, y)sun·DNIsun=CR (x, y)moon·DNIsun (3)
Wherein, F (x, y) is the energy-flux density at daylight optically focused hot spot discrete point, and x, y are respectively in that x/y plane is discrete to be adopted for hot spot
Sample；
Daylight optically focused hot spot flux-density distribution continuous on x/y plane can be obtained by interpolation.
5. a kind of tower power station heliostat field optically focused energy-flux density distribution measurement method according to claim 1, feature
It is：Measurement process needs in heat dump aperture to install illumination photometer array temporarily, on ground installation mainly by the twin shaft moon with
The moon flash ranging light station of track device and reference illumination meter composition, installs on ground or shares tower power station mainly by biaxial solar tracker
With the day flash ranging light station of beam radia table composition.
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| CN112923589A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Real-time measurement method for surface heat flux density distribution of external solar heat absorber |
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| CN108958229A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-07 | 北京首航艾启威节能技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for rapidly and qualitatively detecting tracking accuracy of heliostat |
| CN108958229B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2024-05-17 | 首航高科能源技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for rapidly and qualitatively detecting tracking accuracy of heliostat |
| CN110108326A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-09 | 中国能源建设集团陕西省电力设计院有限公司 | Trapezoidal thermal-arrest light spot energy and Heat flux calculation system and method |
| CN110108326B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2023-10-10 | 中国能源建设集团陕西省电力设计院有限公司 | Trapezoidal heat collection light spot energy and heat flux density measurement system and method |
| CN110793628A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-14 | 西安交通大学 | Irradiation intensity distribution measuring method based on photodiode array |
| CN110793628B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-08-18 | 西安交通大学 | Irradiation intensity distribution measuring method based on photodiode array |
| CN111459194A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-28 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | Solar thermal power generation aiming point determination method based on heliostat measured light spot |
| CN111459194B (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2023-09-12 | 中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院有限公司 | Solar thermal power generation aiming point determining method based on heliostat actually measured light spots |
| CN112923589A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Real-time measurement method for surface heat flux density distribution of external solar heat absorber |
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