CN108225470B - A kind of hydrogen-holder volume calculations method in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro - Google Patents
A kind of hydrogen-holder volume calculations method in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrogen-holder volume calculations methods in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro.The present invention includes the calculating process of high pressure storage tank volume and the calculating process of low pressure storage tank volume.Through the invention, the minimum volume for obtaining hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro mesohigh storage tank and low pressure storage tank can be calculated, it realizes in the case where ensuring that hydrogen cycling fatigue experiment is normally carried out, amounts of hydrogen used in hydrogen cycling fatigue experiment at least tests safety to improve, furthermore such that test run cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro fields, are specifically related to a kind of hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro
Middle hydrogen-holder volume calculations method.
Background technique
Hydrogen cylinder uses the safety preceding needed by hydrogen cycling fatigue experiment, when ensuring that it comes into operation.It is existing
Having hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro includes high pressure storage tank, low pressure storage tank and tested gas cylinder, the high pressure storage tank, low pressure storage tank
And pass through piping connection between tested gas cylinder.Hydrogen cycle process in the gas cyclic fatigue test macro are as follows: (1) by high pressure
Storage tank is to tested inflating gas cylinder, flow of aerating air fi, until tested storage pressure reaches predetermined value Pth；It (2) will be in tested gas cylinder
Hydrogen is put to low pressure storage tank, and deflation flow is fo, until tested storage pressure is lower than predetermined value Ptl；It (3) will be low by compressor
Hydrogen is depressed into high pressure storage tank in pressure storage tank, until high pressure storage tank pressure reaches predetermined value, compressor flowrate fc.But how
In the case where ensuring that above-mentioned test is normally carried out, with test macro using amounts of hydrogen at least for the hydrogen-holder volume calculations of target
Method, there are no relevant reports in the prior art.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides hydrogen-holder volumes in a kind of hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro
Calculation method.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of hydrogen-holder volume calculations method in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro, the calculating including high pressure storage tank volume
And the calculating of low pressure storage tank volume:
The calculating process of the high pressure storage tank volume is as follows:
The initial pressure for determining high pressure storage tank is P10, temperature T10, gas cylinder initial pressure to be measured is P20, temperature T20；To
Survey gas cylinder volume is V2, the gas pressure at the end of inflation is P2；Maximum flow of aerating air is WG(max)；
Assuming that high pressure storage tank gas volume is V1, the gas pressure at the end of inflation is P1, temperature T1；At the end of inflation
The gas temperature of gas cylinder to be measured is T2；Gas replenishment process mesohigh reservoir gas passes through heat exchanger for the inlet temperature control of gas cylinder to be measured
It is made as T00；
It is obtained according to the gas replenishment process conservation of mass:
m10+m20=m1+m2 (1)
M in formula (1)10Carve the quality of gas, m at the beginning for high pressure storage tank20Gas is carved at the beginning for gas cylinder to be measured
Quality, m1For the quality of high pressure storage tank gas at the end of inflation, m2For the quality of gas cylinder to be measured gas at the end of inflation；
Formula (1) is converted to obtain according to the equation of gas state:
Z in formula (2)1、Z2、Z10、Z20For the compressibility factor of actual gas, Z1=1+ α P1/T1、Z2=1+ α P2/T2、Z10=1+
αP10/T10、Z20=1+ α P20/T20, α=1.8922 × 10-6；
Temperature T at the end of high pressure storage tank deflation1Have by adiabatic expansion relational expression:
K is adiabatic exponent in formula (3), is 1.4 for hydrogen value；
Temperature T after tested gas cylinder insulation inflation2It can be calculated by following formula:
Establishing criteria HG/26570.7-95 " pipeline pressure calculating " is obtained:
In formula (5), Δ P is gas ducting total system pressure drop, Δ PfFor gas ducting friction drop, g adds for gravity
Speed, λ are coefficient of friction, and L is gas ducting length, WGFor gas mass flow, d is gas ducting interior diameter, ρmIt is flat for gas
Equal density；
Wherein Δ P=P1-P2 (6)
And
In formula (7), ρ1、ρ2Respectively gas ducting upstream and downstream gas density, the ρ1、ρ2It can be acquired respectively by formula (8),
That is:
R is hydrogen gas constant in formula (8)；
Joint type (5), (6), (7), (8) obtain function Δ P=f (WG)；
Joint type (2), (3), (4), (6) obtain function Δ P=f (V1)；
It is equal to W according to the maximum flow of aerating airG(max)And function Δ P=f (WG) corresponding Δ P value is calculated, then
According to the Δ P value and function Δ P=f (V1) corresponding high pressure storage tank volume V is calculated1；
The calculating process of the low pressure storage tank volume is as follows:
Determine that the pressure that tested gas cylinder is deflated when starting is P2, volume V2, temperature T2, the pressure of corresponding low pressure storage tank
For P3, temperature T3；Determine that deflation flow is fo, compressor flowrate fc, it is assumed that in deflation t1After time, start compressor, again
Assuming that through t2After time, deflate terminates with compression simultaneously, determines that the tested gas cylinder i.e. pressure that restPoses again is P at this time20, temperature
Degree is T20, pressure recovery to original state, that is, pressure of corresponding low pressure storage tank is P3, temperature T3, it is assumed that the volume of low pressure storage tank
For V3；
Through t1+t2After time, the hydrogen quality for flowing into low pressure storage tank from tested gas cylinder is equal to hydrogen before and after tested gas cylinder is deflated
The difference of quality, it may be assumed that
(t1+t2)fo=mass (P2、V2、T2)-mass(P20、V2、T20) (9)
The mass (*) is the function that known substantial hydrogen pressure, volume and temperature acquire hydrogen quality；
Since low pressure storage tank original state is identical as end-state, then flows into low pressure storage tank hydrogen quality and be equal to outflow hydrogen
Quality, it may be assumed that
(t1+t2)fo=t2fc (10)
T is acquired in joint type (9), (10)1、t2Value；
And it is calculated by t1After time in the tested gas cylinder hydrogen quality mtt1With pressure Ptt1Have respectively:
mtt1=mass (P2、V2、T2)-t1fo (11)
Ptt1=m2p (mtt1、V2、Ttt1) (12)
The m2p (*) is the function that known hydrogen quality, volume and temperature acquire Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, the Ttt1To pass through
t1After time in the tested gas cylinder hydrogen temperature；
T in formula (12)tt1It can be calculated by adiabatic degassing procedure relation formula:
K is adiabatic exponent in formula (13), is 1.4 for hydrogen value；
Joint type (12), (13) obtain tested gas cylinder in t1Pressure value P after timett1；
According to the requirement of deflation flow, ignore the pressure difference between the tested gas cylinder and low pressure storage tank, then passes through t1Time
Tested gas cylinder is equal with the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of low pressure storage tank afterwards, i.e., the described low pressure storage tank is in t1When Hydrogen Vapor Pressure Plt1=Ptt1；
At this point, the hydrogen quality of low pressure storage tank are as follows:
Mlt1=mass (P3、V3、T3)+t1fo (14)
The volume of corresponding low pressure storage tank are as follows:
V3=Volume (Mlt1、Plt1、Tlt1) (15)
The function of hydrogen volume, the T are solved when volume (*) is known hydrogen quality, pressure, temperaturelt1For by t1
After time in the low pressure storage tank hydrogen temperature；
T in formula (15)1t1Since the surface area of low pressure storage tank is larger, tank body convection transfer rate is larger, is filled with gas
Mass flow is smaller, can be considered as equal to environment temperature with ambient temperature equilibrium；
Joint type (14), (15) obtain low pressure storage tank volume V3Value.
Further, the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of the low pressure storage tank is greater than or equal to the minimum operating pressure of the compressor.
Further, the deflation flow is 1~3g/s.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro mesohigh storage tank and low pressure storage tank are obtained most by the invention it is possible to calculate
Small volume realizes the hydrogen used in hydrogen cycling fatigue experiment in the case where ensuring that hydrogen cycling fatigue experiment is normally carried out
Tolerance is minimum, improves Security of test, and test run cost is reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is hydrogen cyclic fatigue test system structure schematic diagram.
Attached meaning marked in the figure is as follows:
1- high pressure storage tank 2- is tested gas cylinder 3- low pressure storage tank 4- compressor
Specific embodiment
More specific detail is made to technical solution of the present invention below with reference to embodiment:
The volume of high pressure storage tank need to satisfy two conditions::
It (1) can be by tested inflating gas cylinder to maximum pressure P2=87.5MPa；
(2) pressure difference of the relatively tested gas cylinder of high pressure storage tank will can guarantee maximum flow of aerating air up to WG(max)=3.6kg/
min。
High pressure storage tank volume calculations process is as follows:
Under certain continuous hydrogen cyclic fatigue test condition, determine that the initial pressure of high pressure storage tank is P10=110MPa, temperature
For T10=40 DEG C, gas cylinder initial pressure to be measured is P20=1MPa, temperature T20=25 DEG C；Corresponding cylinder gas pressure to be measured
For P2=87.5MPa, volume V2=0.14m3, temperature T2=40 DEG C；
Assuming that gas pressure is P at the end of high pressure storage tank is inflated1, volume V1, temperature T1；
Loading line equivalent length is 350m (including elbow, valve, flowmeter etc.), bore 14.2748mm.
It is obtained according to the gas replenishment process conservation of mass:
m10+m20=m1+m2 (1)
M in formula (1)10Carve the quality of gas, m at the beginning for high pressure storage tank20Gas is carved at the beginning for gas cylinder to be measured
Quality, m1For the quality of high pressure storage tank gas at the end of inflation, m2For the quality of gas cylinder to be measured gas at the end of inflation；
Formula (1) is converted to obtain (referring to document: Feng Huicong, Zhou Wei, Ma Jianxin hydrogenation stations according to the equation of gas state
High-pressure hydrogen storing bottle stage division [J] solar energy journal .2010 (03): 401-406.):
Z in formula (2)1、Z2、Z10、Z20For compressibility factor, Z1=1+ α P1/T1、Z2=1+ α P2/T2、Z10=1+ α P10/T10、Z20
=1+ α P20/T20, α=1.8922 × 10-6；R is hydrogen gas constant, value 4214J/ (kgK)；
Temperature T at the end of high pressure storage tank deflation1Have by adiabatic expansion relational expression:
Calculate to obtain T1=22 DEG C；
Temperature T after tested gas cylinder insulation inflation2It can be calculated by following formula:
Calculate to obtain T2=53 DEG C；
Establishing criteria HG/26570.7-95 " pipeline pressure calculating " is obtained:
In formula (5), Δ P is gas ducting total system pressure drop, Δ PfFor gas ducting friction drop, g adds for gravity
Speed, λ are coefficient of friction, and L is gas ducting length, WGFor gas mass flow, d is gas ducting interior diameter, ρmIt is flat for gas
Equal density；
Wherein Δ P=P1-P2 (6)
And
In formula (7), ρ1、ρ2Respectively gas ducting upstream and downstream gas density, the ρ1、ρ2It can be acquired respectively by formula (8),
That is:
Joint type (5), (6), (7), (8) obtain function Δ P=f (WG)；
Joint type (2), (3), (4), (6) obtain function Δ P=f (V1)；
According to the maximum flow of aerating air >=3.6kg/min and function Δ P=f (WG) be calculated corresponding Δ P >=
1.4MPa, further according to the Δ P value and function Δ P=f (V1) corresponding high pressure storage tank volume V is calculated1≥0.74m3。
The volume of low pressure storage tank need to satisfy two conditions::
(1) ensure that tested gas cylinder can be deflated to < 2MPa, be set as 1MPa, outgassing rate range are as follows: 1~3g/s；
(2) ensure that the minimum operating pressure of compressor works as height that is, during low pressure storage tank hydrogen is compressed to high pressure storage tank
When pressure storage tank Hydrogen Vapor Pressure reaches target value (110MPa), the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of low pressure storage tank is not less than the minimum work pressure of compressor
Power: 1MPa.
Low pressure storage tank volume calculations process is as follows:
Determine that the pressure that tested gas cylinder is deflated when starting is P2=87.5MPa, volume V2=0.14m3, temperature T2=
40 DEG C, the pressure of corresponding low pressure storage tank is P3=1MPa, temperature T3=25 DEG C；Determine that deflation flow is fo=1g/s, compressor
Flow is fc=4.8g/s, it is assumed that in deflation t1After time, start compressor, and assume through t2After time, deflate with compression simultaneously
Terminate, determines that the tested gas cylinder i.e. pressure that restPoses again is P at this time20=1MPa, temperature T20=25 DEG C, corresponding low pressure
The pressure recovery of storage tank to original state, that is, pressure is P3=1MPa, temperature T3=25 DEG C, it is assumed that the volume of low pressure storage tank is
V3；
Through t1+t2After time, the hydrogen quality for flowing into low pressure storage tank from tested gas cylinder is equal to hydrogen before and after tested gas cylinder is deflated
The difference of quality, it may be assumed that
(t1+t2)fo=mass (P2、V2、T2)-mass(P20、V2、T20) (9)
The mass (*) is the function that known Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, volume and temperature acquire hydrogen quality, i.e.,
In formula m be hydrogen quality, P is Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, T is hydrogen temperature, middle Z be compressibility factor, Z=1+ α P/T, α=1.8922 ×
10-6；R is hydrogen gas constant, value 4214J/ (kgK).
Since low pressure storage tank original state is identical as end-state, then low pressure storage tank hydrogen quality is flowed into equal to process hydrogen
Quality, it may be assumed that
(t1+t2)fo=t2fc (10)
T is acquired in joint type (9), (10)1=4634.6s, t2=1219.6s；
And it is calculated by t1After time in the tested gas cylinder hydrogen quality mtt1With pressure Ptt1It is respectively as follows:
mtt1=mass (P2、V2、T2)-t1fo=1.30kg (11)
Ptt1=m2p (mtt1、V2、Ttt1) (12)
The m2p (*) is the function that known hydrogen quality, volume and temperature acquire Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, the Ttt1To pass through
t1After time in the tested gas cylinder hydrogen temperature；
T in formula (12)tt1It can be calculated by adiabatic degassing procedure relation formula:
K is adiabatic exponent in formula (13), is 1.4 for hydrogen value；
Joint type (12), (13) obtain tested gas cylinder in t1Pressure value P after timett1；
Finally calculate to obtain Ptt1=12.2MPa；
According to the requirement of deflation flow and by similar high pressure storage tank volume calculations in the process about pressure difference calculation method meter
It calculates and obtains needing the pressure difference of 0.0005MPa when the deflation flow for meeting 1g/s, the deflation flow for meeting 3g/s needs 0.0046MPa
Pressure difference.It is smaller in view of required pressure difference, ignore the pressure difference demand between tested gas cylinder and low pressure storage tank, then passes through t1It is tested after time
Gas cylinder is equal with the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of low pressure storage tank, i.e., the described low pressure storage tank is in t1When Hydrogen Vapor Pressure Plt1=Ptt1=12.2MPa；
At this point, the hydrogen quality of low pressure storage tank are as follows:
Mlt1=mass (P3、V3、T3)+t1fo (14)
The volume of corresponding low pressure storage tank are as follows:
V3=Volume (Mlt1、Plt1、Tlt1) (15)
Volume (*) be known hydrogen quality, pressure, temperature when solve hydrogen volume function (), institute
State Tlt1For by t1After time in the low pressure storage tank hydrogen temperature, Tlt1Take 40 DEG C of highest environment temperature；
Joint type (14), (15) obtain low pressure storage tank volume V3=0.58m3。
Claims (3)
1. a kind of hydrogen-holder volume calculations method in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro, it is characterised in that: including high pressure storage tank
The calculating of volume and the calculating of low pressure storage tank volume:
The calculating process of the high pressure storage tank volume is as follows:
The initial pressure for determining high pressure storage tank is P10, temperature T10, gas cylinder initial pressure to be measured is P20, temperature T20；Gas to be measured
Bottle volume is V2, the gas pressure at the end of inflation is P2；Maximum flow of aerating air is WG(max)；
Assuming that high pressure storage tank gas volume is V1, the gas pressure at the end of inflation is P1, temperature T1；It is to be measured at the end of inflation
The gas temperature of gas cylinder is T2；Gas replenishment process mesohigh reservoir gas controls the inlet temperature of gas cylinder to be measured by heat exchanger
T00；
It is obtained according to the gas replenishment process conservation of mass:
m10+m20=m1+m2 (1)
M in formula (1)10Carve the quality of gas, m at the beginning for high pressure storage tank20Carve the quality of gas at the beginning for gas cylinder to be measured,
m1For the quality of high pressure storage tank gas at the end of inflation, m2For the quality of gas cylinder to be measured gas at the end of inflation；
Formula (1) is converted to obtain according to the equation of gas state:
Z in formula (2)1、Z2、Z10、Z20For the compressibility factor of actual gas, Z1=1+ α P1/T1、Z2=1+ α P2/T2、Z10=1+ α P10/
T10、Z20=1+ α P20/T20, α=1.8922 × 10-6；
Temperature T at the end of high pressure storage tank deflation1Have by adiabatic expansion relational expression:
K is adiabatic exponent in formula (3), is 1.4 for hydrogen value；
Temperature T after tested gas cylinder insulation inflation2It can be calculated by following formula:
Establishing criteria HG/26570.7-95 " pipeline pressure calculating " is obtained:
In formula (5), Δ P is gas ducting total system pressure drop, Δ PfFor gas ducting friction drop, g is acceleration of gravity, λ
For coefficient of friction, L is gas ducting length, WGFor gas mass flow, d is gas ducting interior diameter, ρmIt is average close for gas
Degree；
Wherein Δ P=P1-P2 (6)
And
In formula (7), ρ1、ρ2Respectively gas ducting upstream and downstream gas density, the ρ1、ρ2It can be acquired respectively by formula (8), it may be assumed that
R is hydrogen gas constant in formula (8)；
Joint type (5), (6), (7), (8) obtain function Δ P=f (WG)；
Joint type (2), (3), (4), (6) obtain function Δ P=f (V1)；
It is equal to W according to the maximum flow of aerating airG(max)And function Δ P=f (WG) corresponding Δ P value is calculated, further according to
The Δ P value and function Δ P=f (V1) corresponding high pressure storage tank volume V is calculated1；
The calculating process of the low pressure storage tank volume is as follows:
Determine that the pressure that tested gas cylinder is deflated when starting is P2, volume V2, temperature T2, the pressure of corresponding low pressure storage tank is P3、
Temperature is T3；Determine that deflation flow is fo, compressor flowrate fc, it is assumed that in deflation t1After time, start compressor, and assume
Through t2After time, deflate terminates with compression simultaneously, determines that the tested gas cylinder i.e. pressure that restPoses again is P at this time20, temperature be
T20, pressure recovery to original state, that is, pressure of corresponding low pressure storage tank is P3, temperature T3, it is assumed that the volume of low pressure storage tank is V3；
Through t1+t2After time, the hydrogen quality for flowing into low pressure storage tank from tested gas cylinder is equal to hydrogen quality before and after tested gas cylinder is deflated
Difference, it may be assumed that
(t1+t2)fo=mass (P2、V2、T2)-mass(P20、V2、T20) (9)
The mass (*) is the function that known substantial hydrogen pressure, volume and temperature acquire hydrogen quality；
Since low pressure storage tank original state is identical as end-state, then flows into low pressure storage tank hydrogen quality and be equal to outflow hydrogen matter
Amount, it may be assumed that
(t1+t2)fo=t2fc (10)
T is acquired in joint type (9), (10)1、t2Value；
And it is calculated by t1After time in the tested gas cylinder hydrogen quality mtt1With pressure Ptt1Have respectively:
mtt1=mass (P2、V2、T2)-t1fo (11)
Ptt1=m2p (mtt1、V2、Ttt1) (12)
The m2p (*) is the function that known hydrogen quality, volume and temperature acquire Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, the Ttt1For by t1When
Between after in the tested gas cylinder hydrogen temperature；
T in formula (12)tt1It can be calculated by adiabatic degassing procedure relation formula:
K is adiabatic exponent in formula (13), is 1.4 for hydrogen value；
Joint type (12), (13) obtain tested gas cylinder in t1Pressure value P after timett1；
According to the requirement of deflation flow, ignore the pressure difference between the tested gas cylinder and low pressure storage tank, then passes through t1It is tested after time
Gas cylinder is equal with the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of low pressure storage tank, i.e., the described low pressure storage tank is in t1When Hydrogen Vapor Pressure Plt1=Ptt1；
At this point, the hydrogen quality of low pressure storage tank are as follows:
Mlt1=mass (P3、V3、T3)+t1fo (14)
The volume of corresponding low pressure storage tank are as follows:
V3=Volume (Mlt1、Plt1、Tlt1) (15)
The function of hydrogen volume, the T are solved when volume (*) is known hydrogen quality, pressure, temperaturelt1For by t1Time
Afterwards in the low pressure storage tank hydrogen temperature；
T in formula (15)1t1Since the surface area of low pressure storage tank is larger, tank body convection transfer rate is larger, is filled with the quality of gas
Flow is smaller, can be considered as equal to environment temperature with ambient temperature equilibrium；
Joint type (14), (15) obtain low pressure storage tank volume V3Value.
2. hydrogen-holder volume calculations method in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of the low pressure storage tank is greater than or equal to the minimum operating pressure of the compressor.
3. hydrogen-holder volume calculations method in hydrogen cyclic fatigue test macro as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The deflation flow is 1~3g/s.
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Address after: 230031 No. 888 Changjiang West Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui. Applicant after: Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd. Applicant after: Hefei General Machinery Research Institute special equipment inspection station Co., Ltd. Address before: 230031 No. 888 Changjiang West Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui. Applicant before: Hefei Universal Machinery Inst. Applicant before: Special Equipment Inspection Station of Hefei General Machinery Research Institute |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |