CN108220704B - Preparation method of corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium - Google Patents

Preparation method of corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium Download PDF

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CN108220704B
CN108220704B CN201711473520.4A CN201711473520A CN108220704B CN 108220704 B CN108220704 B CN 108220704B CN 201711473520 A CN201711473520 A CN 201711473520A CN 108220704 B CN108220704 B CN 108220704B
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闫洪
喻保标
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Lattice Power Jiangxi Corp
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Abstract

A preparation method of corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.0-4.5 wt.% of silicon, 0.5-1 wt.% of magnesium, 0.5-1 wt.% of copper, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of ytterbium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The content of different elements in the alloy is controlled. After being refined by rare earth praseodymium and ytterbium, the galvanic corrosion reaction between the intermetallic compound and the aluminum matrix in the alloy is weakened, and the inherent excellent properties of the alloy are not influenced; the aluminum alloy material with high surface smoothness and compact structure can be obtained by die-casting molding, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved to a certain extent. And then, secondary solution treatment and low-temperature aging treatment are carried out on the aluminum alloy, so that inactive elements such as Cu, Fe and the like are fully dissolved, and the galvanic corrosion influence between the aluminum base and other active alloy elements is further reduced. The corrosion resistance of the alloy material is greatly improved.

Description

Preparation method of corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.
Background
The Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy has excellent casting performance and high air tightness, and has high strength and excellent mechanical performance after being strengthened by heat treatment. Due to Al in the Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy2Cu, eutectic Si, Mg2The corrosion potential of Si and Al-Fe-Si intermetallic compounds and the like in seawater is higher than that of α -Al matrix, so that the Al-Si-Cu alloy is subjected to local corrosion in seawater.
So far, the refining methods for Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy mainly comprise: adding rare earth or alkaline earth elements, and performing electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic treatment. However, in the method, the rare earth adding refining method is simple in technical operation, low in equipment requirement and beneficial to large-scale production, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy are far superior to those of a matrix due to the rare earth refining method. In addition, the technology for manufacturing the aluminum alloy material by pressure casting is one of the most advanced metal forming methods, is an effective way for realizing less cutting scraps and no cutting scraps, has wide application and is developed quickly. And the die casting material can realize high surface finish and internal grain refinement. The corrosion rate can be reduced to some extent.
Solution aging is also commonly used to improve the properties of aluminum alloys as a low cost method of improving the toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, the invention utilizes a two-stage solution treatment mode to lead the material to undergo two stages of low temperature and high temperature. The low melting point phase is dissolved first during low-temperature solid solution, and overburning and melting at high temperature are prevented. And the second phase particles are dissolved during high-temperature solid solution, so that the supersaturation degree of the alloy is improved.
In published patent No. CN104711460B, the name is: a titanium-containing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a treatment process thereof. The smelting sequence and the smelting time of part of different alloy elements are not considered in the smelting process, and the internal stress of the alloy elements is eliminated without a heat treatment process after refining.
In published patent No. CN103966483B, the name is: an anti-corrosion aluminum alloy plate for automobiles. Firstly, smelting and atomizing to prepare alloy micron powder, then smelting the alloy powder again, adding a refining agent for refining, and finally carrying out multi-stage low-temperature cold treatment to obtain the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy plate for the automobile. The process is novel, but compared with the heat treatment, the multi-stage low-temperature cold treatment has relatively simple heat treatment procedures and is convenient for actual production.
In published patent No. CN105112738B, the name is: a preparation process of high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy. The high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy is obtained by combining high-temperature refining and solution treatment. However, the time for pure high-temperature refining and solution treatment is long, and the refining and solution treatment time is greatly shortened if a small amount of refining agent is added in the refining process.
In published patent No. CN104962786B, the name is: a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy section. And carrying out heat treatment on the horizontally cast section by utilizing secondary aging treatment to obtain the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy section. The method is not subjected to solid solution treatment before secondary aging to obtain a uniform supersaturated solid solution, and is directly subjected to artificial aging, so that precipitation of a strengthening phase during later aging and elimination of internal stress during early thermal processing are not facilitated.
Therefore, in summary, there is still no economical and effective solution for the preparation and forming technology of the corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy material. And the influence of the mixed rare earth Pr + Yb element on the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy is not reported, so that the method has great research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a praseodymium and ytterbium-containing corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy section.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A preparation method of corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the composite material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.0-4.5 wt.% of silicon, 0.5-1 wt.% of magnesium, 0.5-1 wt.% of copper, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of praseodymium, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of ytterbium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the total of said unavoidable impurities is present in the alloy in an amount not exceeding 0.38wt.%, and the iron content of said unavoidable impurities is present in the alloy in an amount not exceeding 0.09 wt.%.
(2) Melting a certain mass of pure aluminum ingot in a corundum crucible with the melting temperature of 700-720 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes.
(3) And (3) raising the temperature of the furnace in the step (2) to 810-830 ℃, then averagely dividing the pre-dried Al-10Si alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the heated melt, wherein the amount of the Al-10Si alloy added each time is 1.0-2.5 wt% of the total mass of the melt. Stirring by adopting a double-blade stirrer after each addition, standing and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes after all the additions, and introducing argon for protection in the process.
(4) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Mg alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (3), wherein the amount of the Al-10Mg alloy added each time is 0.2-0.4 wt% of the total mass of the melt. Stirring by adopting a double-blade stirrer after each addition, standing and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes after all the additions, and introducing argon for protection in the process.
(5) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Cu alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (4), wherein the amount of the Al-10Cu alloy added each time is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total mass of the melt. Stirring by adopting a double-blade stirrer after each addition, standing and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes after all the additions, and introducing argon for protection in the process.
(6) And (3) refining, namely equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Pr alloy into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (5), wherein the amount of the Al-10Pr alloy added in each time is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total mass of the melt. And carrying out ultrasonic treatment after each addition, wherein the ultrasonic power is 650-700W, the ultrasonic frequency is 25000-30000 Hz, the ultrasonic time is in direct proportion to the addition amount of the Al-10Pr alloy, and the ultrasonic time is increased by 2-3 min when the addition amount of the Al-10Pr alloy is increased by 0.1 wt.%. And standing and preserving the heat for 15-25 minutes after all the components are added. Argon is introduced for protection in the process.
(7) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Yb alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (6), wherein the amount of the Al-10Yb alloy added each time is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total mass of the melt. And carrying out ultrasonic treatment after each addition, wherein the ultrasonic power is 700-750W, the ultrasonic frequency is 27000-32000 Hz, the ultrasonic time is in direct proportion to the addition amount of the Al-10Yb alloy, and the ultrasonic time is increased by 2-3 min when the addition amount of the Al-10Yb alloy is increased by 0.1 wt.%. And standing and preserving the heat for 20-30 minutes after all the components are added. Argon is introduced for protection in the process; and after stirring and standing are finished, slagging off the obtained mixed melt, sampling and analyzing the mixed melt after slagging off, and reducing the temperature of the melt with qualified components to 700-730 ℃ for heat preservation for later use.
(8) Pouring the melt with qualified components obtained in the step (7) into a pouring gate of a die casting machine, and die-casting into a columnar aluminum alloy material. The die casting process is set as follows: the pouring temperature is 700-730 ℃, the thickness of the material handle is 25mm, and the mold temperature is 150-170 ℃. The injection force was 330kN and the hammer diameter was 50 mm. The injection pressure is 168MPa, the injection time is 3S, the cooling time is 2S, and the mold remaining time is 10S. The die handle action stroke position in the die-casting process is as follows: the slow injection starting position is 80mm, the fast injection starting position is 270mm, the pressurization position is 280mm, and the tracking position is 350 mm.
(9) And (3) placing the aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (8) into a resistance furnace for primary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 450 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 hours, and then, quickly placing the aluminum alloy material into water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for cooling.
(10) And (4) placing the material obtained in the step (9) in a resistance furnace for secondary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 490 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-4 hours, and then quickly placing the material in water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for cooling.
(11) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (10) at a temperature of 130 +/-3 ℃ for aging treatment, wherein the aging time is 5-6 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the praseodymium and cerium-containing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.
Further, the first stage solution treatment environment in step (9) of the present invention is: coating a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy semi-finished product containing praseodymium and ytterbium by using granular round sand, and ensuring uniform heating; secondly, the solid solution temperature is 450 +/-3 ℃, and the heating rate is 30-50 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 hours, and the alloy semi-finished product is placed in a furnace from room temperature.
Further, the first stage solution treatment environment in step (10) of the present invention is: coating a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy semi-finished product containing praseodymium and ytterbium by using granular round sand, and ensuring uniform heating; secondly, the solid solution temperature is 490 +/-3 ℃, and the heating rate is 50-70 ℃/min; and (4) keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours, and placing the alloy semi-finished product in a furnace from room temperature.
Further, the aging treatment environment in step (11) of the present invention is: coating the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium after the solution treatment by using the granular round sand, so as to ensure uniform heating; secondly, the solid solution temperature is 130 +/-3 ℃, and the heating rate is 18-25 ℃/min; and (5) keeping the temperature for 5-6 hours, and placing the alloy semi-finished product in a furnace from room temperature.
The invention utilizes rare earth Pr + Yb refining technology to weaken Al in the alloy2Cu、Mg2Galvanic corrosion reaction between intermetallic compounds such as Si, eutectic Si and Al-Fe-Si and the like and the aluminum matrix, and does not affect the inherent excellent properties of the Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy. And secondly, performing die-casting molding by using Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy melt refined by rare earth Pr + Yb to obtain the aluminum alloy material with high surface smoothness and compact structure, wherein the smooth surface of the material and the compact surface aluminum oxide structure can also improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy to a certain extent. Compared with single rare earth, the mixed rare earth can greatly improve the solid solubility of the die-casting Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy. Therefore, the subsequent targeted solution aging treatment can fully dissolve the inactive elements such as Cu and Fe and the generated mixed rare earth phase with higher thermal stability, so that the microstructure of the Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Pr-Yb alloy forms a phenomenon of large anode and small cathode, the galvanic corrosion influence is further reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Pr-Yb alloy is greatly improvedAnd (5) lifting. The result shows that the corrosion resistance of the alloy of the embodiment of the invention is improved by 2-4 times compared with the corrosion resistance of the common Al-Si-Mg-Cu system.
The invention has the following uniqueness: (1) the aluminum alloy material prepared by the method has high surface smoothness, a more compact surface aluminum oxide protective layer and excellent seawater corrosion resistance, and can meet the application in marine environment; (2) the invention can lead the rare earth Pr + Yb to be Al in the alloy2A layer of mixed rare earth coating film is formed on the surface of intermetallic compounds such as Cu, Al-Fe-Si and the like, so that the flow of corrosion electrons is hindered; (3) the invention can improve the solid solubility of the die-casting Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy, so that the microstructure of the Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Pr-Yb alloy forms a phenomenon of 'large anode-small cathode', thereby further reducing the influence of galvanic corrosion; (4) the invention has safe and simple operation, low requirement on equipment and greatly reduced manufacturing cost.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1.
(1) According to the proportion of 3.0wt.% of silicon, 0.5wt.% of magnesium, 0.5wt.% of copper, 0.3wt.% of praseodymium, 0.3wt.% of ytterbium and the balance of aluminum, respectively putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an Al-10Si alloy, an Al-10Mg alloy, an Al-10Si alloy, an Al-10Cu alloy, an Al-10Pr alloy and an Al-10Yb alloy into a vacuum drying box, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 60 minutes;
(2) placing a corundum crucible in a tubular furnace protected by high-purity argon atmosphere, adding a pure aluminum ingot, and keeping the temperature for 7 minutes at the melting temperature of 710 ℃.
(3) And (3) raising the furnace temperature in the step (2) to 810 ℃, then evenly dividing the pre-dried Al-10Si alloy obtained in the step (1) into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the heated melt, and adding the Al-10Si alloy in an amount of 1.0wt.% of the total mass of the melt each time. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 5 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.45 MPa.
(4) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Mg alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (3), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Mg alloy in each time is 0.3wt.% of the total mass of the melt. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 5 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(5) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Cu alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (4), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Cu alloy in each time is 0.1wt.% of the total mass of the melt. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 5 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(6) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Pr alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (5), wherein the amount of the Al-10Pr alloy added in each time is 0.2wt.% of the total mass of the melt. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out after each addition, the ultrasonic power is 670W, the ultrasonic frequency is 27000Hz, the ultrasonic time is 6min, and standing and heat preservation are carried out for 20 min after all the additions are carried out. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 25L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(7) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Yb alloy into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (6), wherein the amount of the Al-10Yb alloy added in each time is 0.2wt.% of the total mass of the melt. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out after each addition, the ultrasonic power is 730W, the ultrasonic frequency is 29000Hz, the ultrasonic time is 6min, and standing and heat preservation are carried out for 25 min after all the additions are carried out. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 25L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(8) And (4) slagging off the mixed melt obtained after the stirring and standing in the step (7), sampling and analyzing the mixed melt after slagging off, and reducing the temperature of the melt with qualified components to 700 ℃ for heat preservation for later use.
(9) And (4) pouring the melt with qualified components obtained in the step (8) into a pouring gate of a die casting machine, and die-casting into a columnar aluminum alloy material. The die casting process is set as follows: the casting temperature is 680 ℃, the thickness of the material handle is 60mm, and the mold temperature is 150 ℃. The injection force was 330kN and the hammer diameter was 50 mm. The injection pressure is 168MPa, the injection time is 3S, the cooling time is 2S, and the mold remaining time is 10S. The die handle action stroke position in the die-casting process is as follows: the slow injection starting position is 80mm, the fast injection starting position is 270mm, the pressurization position is 280mm, and the tracking position is 350 mm.
(10) And (4) placing the aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (9) into a resistance furnace for first-stage solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 450 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, and then, quickly placing the aluminum alloy material into water at the temperature of 60 ℃ for cooling.
(11) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (10) in a resistance furnace for secondary solution treatment, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 490 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3.5 hours, and then quickly placing the material in water at the temperature of 60 ℃ for cooling.
(12) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (11) at 130 ℃ for aging treatment, wherein the heating rate is 18 ℃, the aging time is 5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out to obtain the praseodymium and ytterbium-containing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 2.
(1) According to the proportion of 4.0wt.% of silicon, 0.75wt.% of magnesium, 0.75wt.% of copper, 0.4wt.% of praseodymium, 0.4wt.% of ytterbium and the balance of aluminum, respectively putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an Al-10Si alloy, an Al-10Mg alloy, an Al-10Cu alloy, an Al-10Pr alloy and an Al-10Yb alloy into a vacuum drying box, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 60 minutes;
(2) placing a corundum crucible in a tubular furnace protected by high-purity argon atmosphere, adding a pure aluminum ingot, melting at 700 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5 minutes.
(3) And (3) raising the furnace temperature in the step (2) to 820 ℃, then evenly dividing the pre-dried Al-10Si alloy obtained in the step (1) into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the heated melt, and adding the Al-10Si alloy in an amount of 1.0wt.% of the total mass of the melt each time. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 5 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.45 MPa.
(4) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Mg alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (3), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Mg alloy in each time is 0.2wt.% of the total mass of the melt. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 5 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(5) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Cu alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (4), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Cu alloy in each time is 0.2wt.% of the total mass of the melt. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 5 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(6) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Pr alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (5), wherein the amount of the Al-10Pr alloy added in each time is 0.2wt.% of the total mass of the melt. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out after each addition, the ultrasonic power is 650W, the ultrasonic frequency is 25000Hz, the ultrasonic time is 6min, and standing and heat preservation are carried out for 15 min after all the additions are carried out. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 25L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(7) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Yb alloy into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (6), wherein the amount of the Al-10Yb alloy added in each time is 0.2wt.% of the total mass of the melt. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out after each addition, the ultrasonic power is 700W, the ultrasonic frequency is 27000Hz, the ultrasonic time is 6min, and standing and heat preservation are carried out for 20 min after all the additions are carried out. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 25L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(8) And (4) slagging off the mixed melt obtained after the stirring and standing in the step (7), sampling and analyzing the slag, and cooling the melt with qualified components to 720 ℃ for heat preservation for later use.
(9) And (4) pouring the melt with qualified components obtained in the step (8) into a pouring gate of a die casting machine, and die-casting into a columnar aluminum alloy material. The die casting process is set as follows: the casting temperature is 680 ℃, the thickness of the material handle is 25mm, and the mold temperature is 160 ℃. The injection force was 330kN and the hammer diameter was 60 mm. The injection pressure is 168MPa, the injection time is 3S, the cooling time is 2S, and the mold remaining time is 10S. The die handle action stroke position in the die-casting process is as follows: the slow injection starting position is 80mm, the fast injection starting position is 270mm, the pressurization position is 280mm, and the tracking position is 350 mm.
(10) And (4) placing the aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (9) into a resistance furnace for first-stage solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 447 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, and then, quickly placing the aluminum alloy material into water at the temperature of 65 ℃ for cooling.
(11) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (10) in a resistance furnace for secondary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 487 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, and then, quickly placing the material in water at the temperature of 65 ℃ for cooling.
(12) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (11) at the temperature of 127 ℃ for aging treatment, wherein the heating rate is 23 ℃, the aging time is 5 hours, and then air cooling is carried out to obtain the praseodymium and ytterbium-containing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 3.
(1) According to the proportion of silicon 4.5wt.%, magnesium 1wt.%, copper 1wt.%, praseodymium 0.5wt.%, ytterbium 0.5wt.% and aluminum in the balance, respectively putting an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an Al-10Si alloy, an Al-10Mg alloy, an Al-10Cu alloy, an Al-10Pr alloy and an Al-10Yb alloy into a vacuum drying box, wherein the drying temperature is 70 ℃ and the drying time is 60 minutes;
(2) placing a corundum crucible in a tubular furnace protected by high-purity argon atmosphere, adding a pure aluminum ingot, melting at 700 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 5 minutes.
(3) And (3) raising the furnace temperature in the step (2) to 830 ℃, then evenly dividing the pre-dried Al-10Si alloy obtained in the step (1) into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the heated melt, and adding the Al-10Si alloy in an amount of 2.5wt.% of the total mass of the melt each time. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 10 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.45 MPa.
(4) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Mg alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (3), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Mg alloy in each time is 0.4wt.% of the total mass of the melt. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 10 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(5) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Cu alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (4), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Cu alloy in each time is 0.3wt.% of the total mass of the melt. After each addition, a high-temperature-resistant alloy steel double-blade stirrer is adopted to stir for 1 minute at the speed of 30 revolutions per minute, and after all the additions, the mixture is kept stand and kept warm for 10 minutes. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 20L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(6) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Pr alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (5), wherein the amount of the Al-10Pr alloy added in each time is 0.3wt.% of the total mass of the melt. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out after each addition, the ultrasonic power is 700W, the ultrasonic frequency is 30000Hz, the ultrasonic time is 9min, and standing and heat preservation are carried out for 25 min after all the additions are carried out. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 25L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(7) And (3) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Yb alloy into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (6), wherein the amount of the Al-10Yb alloy added in each time is 0.3 wt% of the total mass of the melt. Ultrasonic treatment is carried out after each addition, the ultrasonic power is 750W, the ultrasonic frequency is 30000Hz, the ultrasonic time is 9min, and standing and heat preservation are carried out for 30 min after all the additions are carried out. Argon is introduced for protection in the process, the flow of the argon is 25L/min, and the pressure of the argon is 0.4 MPa.
(8) And (4) slagging off the mixed melt obtained after the stirring and standing in the step (7), sampling and analyzing the mixed melt after slagging off, and reducing the temperature of the melt with qualified components to 730 ℃ for heat preservation for later use.
(9) And (4) pouring the melt with qualified components obtained in the step (8) into a pouring gate of a die casting machine, and die-casting into a columnar aluminum alloy material. The die casting process is set as follows: the casting temperature is 680 ℃, the thickness of the material handle is 25mm, and the mold temperature is 170 ℃. The injection force was 330kN and the hammer diameter was 60 mm. The injection pressure is 116MPa, the injection time is 3S, the cooling time is 2S, and the mold remaining time is 10S. The die handle action stroke position in the die-casting process is as follows: the slow injection starting position is 80mm, the fast injection starting position is 270mm, the pressurization position is 280mm, and the tracking position is 350 mm.
(10) And (4) placing the aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (9) into a resistance furnace for primary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 453 ℃, the heating rate is 50 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3.5 hours, and then, quickly placing the aluminum alloy material into water at the temperature of 70 ℃ for cooling.
(11) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (10) in a resistance furnace for secondary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 493 ℃, the heating rate is 70 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4 hours, and then, quickly placing the material in water at the temperature of 70 ℃ for cooling.
(12) And (3) placing the material obtained in the step (11) at the temperature of 133 ℃ for aging treatment, wherein the heating rate is 25 ℃, the aging time is 6 hours, and then air cooling is carried out to obtain the praseodymium and ytterbium-containing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the composite material comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.0-4.5 wt.% of silicon, 0.5-lwt wt.% of magnesium, 0.5-lwt wt.% of copper, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of praseodymium, 0.3-0.5 wt.% of ytterbium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the total of said unavoidable impurities is present in the alloy in an amount not exceeding 0.38wt.%, and the iron of said unavoidable impurities is present in the alloy in an amount not exceeding 0.09 wt.%;
(2) firstly, melting a certain mass of pure aluminum ingot in a corundum crucible with the melting temperature of 700-720 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes;
(3) heating the furnace in the step (2) to 810-830 ℃, then averagely dividing the pre-dried Al-10Si alloy into a plurality of equal parts, adding the equal parts into the heated melt, wherein the amount of the Al-10Si alloy added each time is l.0-2.5 wt.% of the total mass of the melt; stirring by adopting a double-blade stirrer after each addition, standing and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes after all the additions, and introducing argon for protection in the process;
(4) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Mg alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (3), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Mg alloy in each time is 0.2-0.4 wt.% of the total mass of the melt; stirring by adopting a double-blade stirrer after each addition, standing and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes after all the additions, and introducing argon for protection in the process;
(5) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Cu alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (4), wherein the adding amount of the Al-10Cu alloy in each time is 0.1-0.3 wt.% of the total mass of the melt; stirring by adopting a double-blade stirrer after each addition, standing and preserving heat for 5-10 minutes after all the additions, and introducing argon for protection in the process;
(6) refining, namely equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Pr alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (5), wherein the amount of the Al-10Pr alloy added each time is 0.l-0.3 wt.% of the total mass of the melt; carrying out ultrasonic treatment after each addition, wherein the ultrasonic power is 650-700W, the ultrasonic frequency is 25000-30000 Hz, the ultrasonic time is in direct proportion to the addition amount of the Al-10Pr alloy, and the ultrasonic time is increased by 2-3 min when the addition amount of the Al-10Pr alloy is increased by 0. lwt%; after all the materials are added, standing and preserving heat for 15-25 minutes; argon is introduced for protection in the process;
(7) equally dividing the pre-dried Al-10Yb alloy into a plurality of equal parts, and adding the equal parts into the melt in the step (6), wherein the amount of the Al-10Yb alloy added each time is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the total mass of the melt; carrying out ultrasonic treatment after each addition, wherein the ultrasonic power is 700-750W, the ultrasonic frequency is 27000-32000 Hz, the ultrasonic time is in direct proportion to the addition amount of the Al-10Yb alloy, and the ultrasonic time is increased by 2-3 min when the addition amount of the Al-10Yb alloy is increased by 0. lwt%; after all the materials are added, standing and preserving heat for 20-30 minutes; argon is introduced for protection in the process; slagging off the mixed melt obtained after stirring and standing are finished, sampling and analyzing the mixed melt after slagging off, and reducing the temperature of the melt with qualified components to 680-710 ℃ for heat preservation for later use;
(8) pouring the melt with qualified components obtained in the step (7) into a pouring gate of a die casting machine, and die-casting the melt into a columnar aluminum alloy material; the die casting process is set as follows: the casting temperature is 680-710 ℃, the thickness of the material handle is 60mm, and the mold temperature is 150-170 ℃; the injection force is 330kN, the diameter of the hammer head is 50mm, the injection pressure is 116MPa, the injection time is 3s, the cooling time is 2s, and the mold remaining time is 10 s; the die handle action stroke position in the die-casting process is as follows: the first quick position is 80mm, the second quick position is 270mm, the supercharging position is 280mm, and the tracking position is 350 mm;
(9) placing the aluminum alloy material obtained in the step (8) into a resistance furnace for primary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 450 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 hours, and then quickly placing the aluminum alloy material into water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for cooling;
(10) putting the material obtained in the step (9) into a resistance furnace for secondary solution treatment, wherein the temperature of the solution treatment is 490 +/-3 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-4 hours, and then quickly putting the material into water at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for cooling;
(11) and (3) placing the material obtained in the step (10) at a temperature of 130 +/-3 ℃ for aging treatment, wherein the aging time is 5-6 hours, and then performing air cooling to obtain the praseodymium and ytterbium-containing corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first stage solution treatment environment of step (9) is: coating a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy semi-finished product containing praseodymium and ytterbium by using granular round sand; the solid solution temperature is 450 +/-3 ℃, and the heating rate is 30-50 ℃/min; the heat preservation time is 2.5-3.5 hours, and the alloy semi-finished product is placed in a furnace from room temperature.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second stage solution treatment environment of step (10) is: coating a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy semi-finished product containing praseodymium and ytterbium by using granular round sand; the solid solution temperature is 490 +/-3 ℃, and the heating rate is 50-70 ℃/min; and (4) keeping the temperature for 3-4 hours, and placing the alloy semi-finished product in a furnace from room temperature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said aging environment of step (11) is: coating the corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy containing praseodymium and ytterbium after the solution treatment by using the granular round sand; the aging temperature is 130 +/-3 ℃, and the heating rate is 18-25 ℃/min; and (5) keeping the temperature for 5-6 hours, and placing the alloy semi-finished product in a furnace from room temperature.
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