CN108220560A - A kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability - Google Patents
A kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability Download PDFInfo
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- CN108220560A CN108220560A CN201810031553.1A CN201810031553A CN108220560A CN 108220560 A CN108220560 A CN 108220560A CN 201810031553 A CN201810031553 A CN 201810031553A CN 108220560 A CN108220560 A CN 108220560A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
- C21D1/785—Thermocycling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability, the present invention relates to the cold cycling treatment techniques that a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves dimensional stability, after being heat-treated the purpose of the present invention is to solve the hardening of existing high-temperature bearing steel part the problem of poor dimensional stability, the steel sample or part that the present invention will be heat-treated by hardening, 60~300min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 196~60 DEG C, steel sample or part after low-temperature insulation are obtained, 60~300min is then kept the temperature under the conditions of 200~450 DEG C；Low temperature and high-temperature process 2~10 times are repeated, is subsequently cooled to room temperature.The present invention makes unstable tissue and internal stress relaxation inside high-temperature bearing steel part reach stable state by cold cycling treatment technique, after 4~5 circular treatments, change rate d δ/dt ＜ ± 0.001 of size between subsequently recycling twice.The present invention is applied to high-temperature bearing rings domain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cold cycling treatment techniques that a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves dimensional stability.
Background technology
Bearing steel is the particular surroundings service demand for bearing and the material developed, it is desirable that the part processed passes through phase
After the heat treatment answered, there is high rigidity and high-dimensional stability, due to having the characteristics that the two, bearing steel is also applied to require ruler
The high other occasions of very little stability, such as measurer, plunger.High-temperature bearing steel, such as Cr4Mo4V are a kind of high temperature high alloy bearings
Material, temperature in use are frequently utilized for 150 DEG C or more of working environment up to 315 DEG C, and conventional heat treatment process is tempering of quenching
Processing carries out 530~560 DEG C or so three times of high tempering after quenching.Generally, it is considered that retained austenite is unstable phase,
Its content should be reduced as possible, in order to eliminate retained austenite, it is also necessary to add in subzero treatment, make remaining in the tissue finally obtained
Austenite content is less than 3%.It for bearing parts, needs to carry out final grinding and grinding after heat treatment, to meet size essence
The requirement of degree.In order to improve dimensional stability, a stable dimensions heat treatment is carried out before being ground after grinding, to eliminate mill
Process the stress introduced.But be frequently found in the actual production process, even if retained austenite is reduced to very low level, warp
After a period of time is stored or in use, dimensional accuracy can still become the bearing parts handled more than crossing
Change.Therefore only by reducing residual austenite content, change in size can't be solved the problems, such as using a stabilization processes after processing,
Also it can improve the brittleness of steel due to reducing remained austenite content simultaneously.
Quenching-carbon distribution-tempering (QPT) processing can improve the toughness of high-temperature bearing steel, while can keep high rigidity,
Due to the content higher of its retained austenite, dimensional stability is also problem to be solved.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve size instability problems after the hardening heat treatment of existing high-temperature bearing steel part, carry
A kind of high-temperature bearing steel part has been supplied to improve the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability.
The cold cycling treatment technique that a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part of the present invention improves dimensional stability is：First, low temperature is protected
Temperature：By the steel sample or part by hardening heat treatment, 60~300min is kept the temperature under the conditions of -196~-60 DEG C, is obtained low
Steel sample or part after temperature heat preservation；2nd, it by the steel sample or part after low-temperature insulation, is protected under the conditions of 200~450 DEG C
60~300min of temperature；3rd, step 1 and two operation 2-10 times are repeated, is subsequently cooled to room temperature；Complete the high temperature axis
Hold the cold cycling treatment that steel part improves dimensional stability.
The present invention makes unstable tissue and internal stress relaxation inside high-temperature bearing steel part by cold cycling treatment technique
Reach stable state, after 4~5 circular treatments, test characterization, the variation of annulus opening size are carried out with " annulus opening method "
Rate d δ/dt ＜ ± 0.001, shows to have reached stable state at this time.Therefore, bearing steel components are being carried out at final heat
After reason, before finishing, as bearing eventually mill before, increase cold cycling treatment technique, technical process using the present invention into
Row circular treatment can realize the effect of bearing parts size stabilization.It can also be after final heat treatment, directly using this
Technology carries out size stabilization, is machined out later, including roughing and finishing.But after roughing, finish it
Preceding needs at least carry out a cold cycling treatment again.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the opening size relative variation that 1 split shed annulus of embodiment is obtained by the heat treatment of different cycle-indexes
Relational graph between cycle-index；
Fig. 2 is relational graph between annular element opening size change rate and circular treatment number in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the opening size relative variation that 2 split shed annulus of embodiment is obtained by the heat treatment of different cycle-indexes
Relational graph between cycle-index；
Fig. 4 is relational graph between annular element opening size change rate and circular treatment number in embodiment 2；
Fig. 5 is the opening size relative variation that 3 split shed annulus of embodiment is obtained by the heat treatment of different cycle-indexes
Relational graph between cycle-index；
Fig. 6 is relational graph between annular element opening size change rate and circular treatment number in embodiment 3.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment of act set forth below, further include each specific embodiment it
Between arbitrary combination.
Specific embodiment one：A kind of high-temperature bearing steel part of present embodiment is improved at the cold cycling of dimensional stability
Science and engineering skill is：First, low-temperature insulation：By the steel sample or part by hardening heat treatment, kept the temperature under the conditions of -196~-60 DEG C
60~300min obtains steel sample or part after low-temperature insulation；2nd, by the steel sample or part after low-temperature insulation,
60~300min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 200~450 DEG C；3rd, step 1 and two operation 2-10 times are repeated, is subsequently cooled to room temperature；
Complete the cold cycling treatment that the high-temperature bearing steel improves dimensional stability.
Present embodiment reaches the unstable tissue of high-temperature bearing steel and internal stress distribution by cold cycling treatment technique
After 4~5 circular treatments, test characterization, change rate d δ/dt of opening size are carried out with " annulus opening method " for stable state
＜ ± 0.001 shows to have reached stable state at this time.Therefore, after final heat treatment is carried out to bearing steel components,
Before finishing, before bearing eventually mill, increase cold cycling treatment technique, followed using the technical process of present embodiment
Ring processing can realize the effect of bearing parts size stabilization.It can also be after final heat treatment, directly using this implementation
Mode carries out size stabilization, is machined out later, including roughing and finishing.But after roughing, finish it
Preceding needs at least carry out a cold cycling treatment again.
Specific embodiment two：The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that：Hardening heat treatment is quenching-carbon
Distribution-tempering or quenching-tempering.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment three：The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that：The steel are height
Warm bearing steel.It is other the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific embodiment four：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three：High-temperature bearing steel
For Cr4Mo4V, 8CrMo4V, S8Cr4Mo4V or M50.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment five：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four：In step 1-
90min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 75 DEG C.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment six：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five：In step 2
120min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 250 DEG C.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment seven：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six：Repeat step 1
With two operation 4 times.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment eight：Unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven：Repeat step 1
With two operation 5 times.It is other identical with one of specific embodiment one to seven.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified using following embodiment：
Embodiment one：The cold cycling treatment technique that a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves dimensional stability is：First, low temperature
Heat preservation：By the 8Cr4Mo4V steel samples Jing Guo quenching-carbon distribution-tempering, 90min is kept the temperature under the conditions of -75 DEG C, obtains low temperature
Steel sample after heat preservation；2nd, by the steel sample after low-temperature insulation, 120min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 250 DEG C；3rd, it repeats to walk
Rapid one and two operation 10 times, is subsequently cooled to room temperature, that is, completes.
Dimensional stability test then carries out test characterization using " annulus opening method ", and opening size phase is tested per circulation primary
To variable quantity, as a result as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
Specimen shape is annulus, and the outer diameter of annulus is Ф 52mm, and internal diameter is Ф 48mm, thickness 4mm.In circular planes
On a diameter of Ф 50mm circumference, the mark point that 2 distances are about 5mm is stamped with microhardness testers, then, is used among two impressions
Two mark point equidistant of wire cutting method distance is cut into the notch of 3mm, and two are measured with the measuring microscope that resolution ratio is 1 μm
The distance between mark point is denoted as L0, since there are residual stress, after stress release, change in size occurs for annulus inside annulus,
Mark point distance L0It will change.The distance between the mark point that this example measures L0=2.823mm.Subsequent each
Distance between test badge point, is denoted as L after cyclex, by two impression center-spaced variable quantity △ L (△ L=L0-Lx) be defined as out
Mouth size changing amount, for ease of comparing, the change in size after each circular treatment is described using normalized relative variation δ,
Wherein δ=△ L/L0。
The present embodiment quenching-carbon distribution-temper technique is：24min+400 DEG C of heat preservation 24min+550 of 1100 DEG C of heat preservations
℃60min。
Fig. 1 is that the opening annulus after quenching-carbon distribution-temper is heat-treated the opening obtained by different cycle-indexes
Relationship between size relative variation δ and cycle-index, it is seen then that with the variation of cycle-index, the opening size of ring is opposite to be become
Change amount δ is gradually changed, and is finally tended towards stability.In order to more accurately judge the circular treatment number to tend towards stability, to longitudinal axis number
Value carries out once differentiation processing, and it is opening size change rate to define differentiation result d δ/dt, i.e., annulus is opened between circular treatment twice
Difference after mouth change in size normalization, is as a result shown in Fig. 2, it is seen that after 6 circular treatments, the change rate of opening size
D δ/dt ＜ ± 0.001, toroid size has reached stable state after showing the 5th circular treatment.
Embodiment two：The cold cycling treatment technique that a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves dimensional stability is：First, low temperature
Heat preservation：By the 8Cr4Mo4V steel samples Jing Guo quenching-carbon distribution-tempering, 90min is kept the temperature under the conditions of -75 DEG C, obtains low temperature
Steel sample after heat preservation；2nd, by the steel sample after low-temperature insulation, 120min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 250 DEG C；3rd, it repeats to walk
Rapid one and two operation 10 times, is subsequently cooled to room temperature, that is, completes.
Dimensional stability test then carries out test characterization using " annulus opening method ", and opening size phase is tested per circulation primary
To variable quantity, as a result as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Specimen shape is annulus, and the outer diameter of annulus is Ф 52mm, and internal diameter is Ф 48mm, thickness 4mm.In circular planes
On a diameter of Ф 50mm circumference, the mark point that 2 distances are about 5mm is stamped with microhardness testers, then, is used among two impressions
Two mark point equidistant of wire cutting method distance is cut into the notch of 3mm, and two are measured with the measuring microscope that resolution ratio is 1 μm
The distance between mark point is denoted as L0, since there are residual stress, after stress release, change in size occurs for annulus inside annulus,
Mark point distance L0It will change.The distance between the mark point that this example measures L0=2.817mm.Subsequent each
Distance between test badge point, is denoted as L after cyclex, by two impression center-spaced variable quantity △ L (△ L=L0-Lx) be defined as out
Mouth size changing amount, for ease of comparing, the change in size after each circular treatment is described using normalized relative variation δ,
Wherein δ=△ L/L0。
The present embodiment quenching-carbon distribution-temper technique is：24min+400 DEG C of heat preservation 8min+550 of 1100 DEG C of heat preservations
℃60min。
Fig. 3 is that the opening annulus after quenching-carbon distribution-temper is heat-treated the opening obtained by different cycle-indexes
Relationship between size relative variation δ and cycle-index, it is seen then that with the variation of cycle-index, the opening size of ring is opposite to be become
Change amount δ is gradually changed, and is finally tended towards stability.In order to more accurately judge the circular treatment number to tend towards stability, to longitudinal axis number
Value carries out once differentiation processing, and it is opening size change rate to define differentiation result d δ/dt, i.e., annulus is opened between circular treatment twice
Difference after mouth change in size normalization, is as a result shown in Fig. 4, it is seen that after 5 circular treatments, the change rate of opening size
D δ/dt ＜ ± 0.001, toroid size has reached stable state after showing the 4th circular treatment.
Comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 3 are it is recognized that while two kinds of techniques are all QPT processing, still, Fig. 1 technique under shed size changing amount
Gradually increase with cycle-index, finally stablize at one numerically, and under Fig. 3 techniques opening size variation when greatly when it is small, but
Finally it is also stabilized on a stability number.Find the number of derivative value ＜ ± 0.001 at 4~5 times by first order derivative analysis
Between.
Embodiment three：The cold cycling treatment technique that a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves dimensional stability is：First, low temperature
Heat preservation：By the 8Cr4Mo4V steel samples Jing Guo quenching-tempering, 90min is kept the temperature under the conditions of -75 DEG C, after obtaining low-temperature insulation
Steel sample；2nd, by the steel sample after low-temperature insulation, 120min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 250 DEG C；3rd, repeat step 1 and
Two operation 10 times, is subsequently cooled to room temperature, that is, completes.
Dimensional stability test then carries out test characterization using " annulus opening method ", and opening size phase is tested per circulation primary
To variable quantity, as a result as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.
Specimen shape is annulus, and the outer diameter of annulus is Ф 52mm, and internal diameter is Ф 48mm, thickness 4mm.In circular planes
On a diameter of Ф 50mm circumference, the mark point that 2 distances are about 5mm is stamped with microhardness testers, then, is used among two impressions
Two mark point equidistant of wire cutting method distance is cut into the notch of 3mm, and two are measured with the measuring microscope that resolution ratio is 1 μm
The distance between mark point is denoted as L0, since there are residual stress, after stress release, change in size occurs for annulus inside annulus,
Mark point distance L0It will change.The distance between the mark point that this example measures L0=2.867mm.Subsequent each
Distance between test badge point, is denoted as L after cyclex, by two impression center-spaced variable quantity △ L (△ L=L0-Lx) be defined as out
Mouth size changing amount, for ease of comparing, the change in size after each circular treatment is described using normalized relative variation δ,
Wherein δ=△ L/L0。
The present embodiment quenching-temper technique is：1100 DEG C of heat preservation 24min vacuum air-quenchings are to 550 DEG C of room temperature+3 times
120min。
Fig. 5 is that the opening annulus after quenching-carbon distribution-temper is heat-treated the opening obtained by different cycle-indexes
Relationship between size relative variation δ and cycle-index, it is seen then that with the variation of cycle-index, the opening size of ring is opposite to be become
Change amount δ is gradually changed, and is finally tended towards stability.In order to more accurately judge the circular treatment number to tend towards stability, to longitudinal axis number
Value carries out once differentiation processing, and it is opening size change rate to define differentiation result d δ/dt, i.e., annulus is opened between circular treatment twice
Difference after mouth change in size normalization, is as a result shown in Fig. 6, it is seen that after 5 circular treatments, the change rate of opening size
D δ/dt ＜ ± 0.001, toroid size has reached stable state after showing the 4th circular treatment.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability, it is characterised in that the heat treatment work
Skill is：First, low-temperature insulation：By by hardening heat treatment steel sample or part, under the conditions of -196~-60 DEG C keep the temperature 60~
300min obtains steel sample or part after low-temperature insulation；2nd, by the steel sample or part after low-temperature insulation, 200~
60~300min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 450 DEG C；3rd, step 1 and two operation 2-10 times are repeated, is subsequently cooled to room temperature；Complete
The high-temperature bearing steel part improves the cold cycling treatment of dimensional stability.
2. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that hardening heat treatment is quenching-carbon distribution-tempering or quenching-tempering.
3. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that the steel are high-temperature bearing steel.
4. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that high-temperature bearing steel is Cr4Mo4V, 8CrMo4V, S8Cr4Mo4V or M50.
5. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that 90min is kept the temperature in step 1 under the conditions of -75 DEG C.
6. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that 120min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 250 DEG C in step 2.
7. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that repeat step 1 and two operation 4 times.
8. a kind of high-temperature bearing steel part according to claim 1 improves the cold cycling treatment technique of dimensional stability,
It is characterized in that repeat step 1 and two operation 5 times.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN109252026A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-22 | 中南大学 | A kind of heat treatment method of GT35 steel bonded carbide |
| CN110348172A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-18 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel dimensional stability prediction technique |
| CN110756964A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-07 | 珠海东方重工有限公司 | Reverse deformation treatment process before welding of H-shaped steel structure |
| CN111172358A (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2020-05-19 | 沈阳工业大学 | Heat treatment method for controlling dimensional change of high-temperature bearing steel |
| CN112322998A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | Bearing steel electroslag ingot with good dimensional stability and processing technology thereof |
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| CN110756964A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-07 | 珠海东方重工有限公司 | Reverse deformation treatment process before welding of H-shaped steel structure |
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| CN111172358B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-09-17 | 沈阳工业大学 | Heat treatment method for controlling dimensional change of high-temperature bearing steel |
| CN112322998A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 浙江宝武钢铁有限公司 | Bearing steel electroslag ingot with good dimensional stability and processing technology thereof |
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