CN108218420B - 一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108218420B
CN108218420B CN201710379496.1A CN201710379496A CN108218420B CN 108218420 B CN108218420 B CN 108218420B CN 201710379496 A CN201710379496 A CN 201710379496A CN 108218420 B CN108218420 B CN 108218420B
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李杨
李文联
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Xiangyang Tte Electric Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种压敏电阻器的制备方法,特涉及一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器及其制备方法。本发明的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器以二氧化钛为主原料,提高压敏电阻器的非线性系数和介电常数,减小介电损耗,通过添加氧化锌、氧化铋辅料,提高压敏电阻器的电位梯度,并添加二氧化猛、三氧化二锑、氧化亚镍、氧化钴、碳化硅、氧化铬、硼玻璃粉等辅料改善压敏电阻器的方波通流容量、大电流耐受能力、老化系数等电气性能。本发明二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器具有电位梯度高、烧结时间短、成本较低的特点。

Description

一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压敏电阻器的制备方法,特涉及一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,市面上常见的压敏电阻器大都是氧化锌压敏电阻器,氧化锌压敏电阻器是一种非线性器件,是制作避雷器的核心器件,但生产时性能参数较难控制,生产工艺较复杂,同时生产过程的烧结时间较长,制造成本也较高。
二氧化钛压敏电阻器与氧化锌压敏电阻相比具有较高的非线性系数、超高的介电常数, 较低的介电损耗。但是现有的配方及制造工艺,使二氧化钛压敏电阻器电位梯度较低,一般小于200V/mm,这样就不适合制作高压(高电位梯度)压敏电阻器。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,通过以二氧化钛为主原料,提高压敏电阻器的非线性系数和介电常数,减小介电损耗,通过添加氧化锌、氧化铋辅料,提高压敏电阻器的电位梯度,并添加二氧化锰、三氧化二锑、氧化亚镍、氧化钴、碳化硅、氧化铬、硼玻璃粉等辅料改善压敏电阻器的方波通流容量、大电流耐受能力、老化系数等电气性能。
本发明的技术方案是:一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将二氧化钛75-79.1%,氧化锌10-14.1%,氧化铋2.2-2.226%,二氧化锰0.3-0.369%,三氧化二锑0.5-0.569%,氧化亚镍2.1-2.133%,氧化钴1.2-1.268%,碳化硅1.2-1.263%,氧化铬0.4-0.439%,硼玻璃粉3-3.2%混合,所述的二氧化钛和氧化锌采用纳米粉料,纳米粉料粒径集中在100nm以下;
步骤二、对步骤一的混合物进行研磨,对研磨后的浆状物料进行筛选;
步骤三、压力式喷雾干燥造粒的步骤:采用压力式雾化器借助隔膜泵的压力将步骤二分离后的浆状物料雾化成细微液滴,,经与热风进行热交换而后干燥,制成粒径平均为90缪米~115缪米的空心球状、残留水分为0.5%以下的细小颗粒;
步骤四、双向浮动加压压制成型的步骤:冲压时上下两端均加压,往中间压缩;
步骤五、烧结的步骤:常温下在1.5至2.5小时内将温度升至800℃,再缓慢升温2小时至2.5小时使温度升至1300℃-1350℃,在1300℃-1350℃温度范围内保温2小时,再缓慢降温2小时至2.5小时使温度降至约900℃,再自然快速降温至常温。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:还包括对烧制后的陶瓷产品的上下端表面进行研磨处理,使其表面光滑,然后进行被覆铝或银电极、涂绝缘漆、检测的步骤。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,将大于60目的物料分离出。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,采用立式搅拌球磨法对步骤一的混合物进行研磨4-5小时。
一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,其特征在于:按照重量百分比各组分的配比为:二氧化钛75-79.1%,氧化锌10-14.1%,氧化铋2.2-2.226%,二氧化锰0.3-0.369%,三氧化二锑0.5-0.569%,氧化亚镍2.1-2.133%,氧化钴1.2-1.268%,碳化硅1.2-1.263%,氧化铬0.4-0.439%,硼玻璃粉3-3.2%。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,其特征在于:二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器为直径范围在20mm-80mm、厚度范围在10mm-50mm的圆柱体。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,其特征在于:其制造过程包括以下步骤:步骤一、所述的二氧化钛和氧化锌采用纳米粉料,纳米粉料粒径集中在100nm以下,并将各组分混匀;
步骤二、对步骤一的混合物进行研磨,对研磨后的浆状物料进行筛选;
步骤三、压力式喷雾干燥造粒的步骤:采用压力式雾化器借助隔膜泵的压力将步骤二分离后的浆状物料雾化成细微液滴,经与热风进行热交换而后干燥,制成粒径平均为90缪米~115缪米的空心球状、残留水分为0.5%以下的细小颗粒;
步骤四、双向浮动加压压制成型的步骤:冲压时上下两端均加压,往中间压缩;
步骤五、烧结的步骤:常温下在1.5至2.5小时内将温度升至800℃,再缓慢升温2小时至2.5小时使温度升至1300℃-1350℃,在1300℃-1350℃温度范围内保温2小时,再缓慢降温2小时至2.5小时使温度降至约900℃,再自然快速降温至常温。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,将大于60目的物料分离出。
根据如上所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,采用立式搅拌球磨法对步骤一的混合物进行研磨4-5小时。
本发明的有益效果是:一是电位梯度高,使本发明的电阻器可以作为高压压敏电阻器;二是烧结时间短,成本较低;三是改善压敏电阻器的方波通流容量、大电流耐受能力、老化系数等电气性能。
附图标记说明
图1为烧结温度曲线图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
本发明二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的配方按照重量百分比的配比为:二氧化钛75-79.1%,氧化锌10-14.1%,氧化铋2.2-2.226%,二氧化锰0.3-0.369%,三氧化二锑0.5-0.569%,氧化亚镍2.1-2.133%,氧化钴1.2-1.268%,碳化硅1.2-1.263%,氧化铬0.4-0.439%,硼玻璃粉3-3.2%。本发明的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器通过以二氧化钛为主原料,提高压敏电阻器的非线性系数和介电常数,减小介电损耗,通过添加氧化锌、氧化铋辅料,提高压敏电阻器的电位梯度,并添加二氧化锰、三氧化二锑、氧化亚镍、氧化钴、碳化硅、氧化铬、硼玻璃粉等辅料改善压敏电阻器的方波通流容量、大电流耐受能力、老化系数等电气性能。
本发明的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法为,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将二氧化钛75-79.1%,氧化锌10-14.1%,氧化铋2.2-2.226%,二氧化锰0.3-0.369%,三氧化二锑0.5-0.569%,氧化亚镍2.1-2.133%,氧化钴1.2-1.268%,碳化硅1.2-1.263%,氧化铬0.4-0.439%,硼玻璃粉3-3.2%混合,本步骤中二氧化钛和氧化锌最好采用纳米粉料,纳米粉料粒径集中在100nm以下,采用粒径小于100nm的二氧化钛和氧化锌制成的电阻器,微观结构更均匀,其2ms方波通流容量达3000A以上,4/10微秒大电流耐受能力大于100kA。其它辅料原料采用普通粉料,均经干振磨(4-6h)和过筛(150-200目)处理后一次性加入混合均匀。
步骤二、采用立式搅拌球磨法对步骤一的混合物进行研磨4-5小时,对研磨后的浆状物料进行筛选,将大于60目的物料分离出,分离出的物质可重新研磨或作为废品处理。
步骤三、压力式喷雾干燥造粒的步骤:采用压力式雾化器借助隔膜泵的压力将步骤二分离后的浆状物料雾化成细微液滴,使表面积显著增大,经与热风进行充分热交换而后快速干燥,从而制成粒径平均为90~115的空心球状、残留水分为0.5%以下的细小颗粒,步骤三制造后产生的物料颗粒小,含水量低,这样易于后续步骤将物料压制成型。
步骤四、双向浮动加压压制成型的步骤:冲压时上下两端均加压,往中间压缩,目的是压制均匀,本步骤的压制为常规技术。本步骤可根据实际需求将步骤三的物料压制成不同尺寸的压敏电阻片,成型后的压敏电阻片可以是直径范围在20mm-80mm、厚度范围在10mm-50mm的圆柱体。
步骤五、在常压空气气氛下,将压制成型的产品在最高温度1300℃-1350℃下烧结,烧结时间约8小时,使其烧制成陶瓷,烧结过程和温度为:常温下在1.5至2.5小时内将温度升至约800℃,再缓慢升温2小时至2.5小时使温度升至1300℃-1350℃,在1300℃-1350℃温度范围内保温2小时,再缓慢降温2小时至2.5小时使温度降至约900℃,再自然快速降温至常温。具体烧结温度曲线见附图1。本步骤中的缓慢升温和缓慢降温过程可以防止炸裂,保温过程可以保证内部晶粒的形成,并可提高电阻器的各项性能指标。
步骤六、对烧制后的陶瓷产品的上下端表面进行研磨处理,使其表面光滑,然后进行被覆铝或银电极、涂绝缘漆、检测等工艺流程,步骤六的处理方式与现有的处理方式一样。
本发明的有益效果在于:通过上述的配方以及制造工艺而形成的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,具有较高的非线性系数(非线性系数≥13)、超高的介电常数(介电常数≥160000)、较低的介电损耗(介电损耗≤0.32)和较高的电位梯度(电位梯度≥400V/mm),使二氧化钛可应用在高压压敏电阻器的制造领域。并且制备工艺简单,生产成本低。同时,本发明还具有烧结时间短,烧结时间可控制在八小时左右,而常规的氧化锌压敏电阻器的烧结时间为二十多小时,从而降低了本发明产品的制造成本。

Claims (7)

1.一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将二氧化钛75-79.1%,氧化锌10-14.1%,氧化铋2.2-2.226%,二氧化锰0.3-0.369%,三氧化二锑0.5-0.569%,氧化亚镍2.1-2.133%,氧化钴1.2-1.268%,碳化硅1.2-1.263%,氧化铬0.4-0.439%,硼玻璃粉3-3.2%混合,所述的二氧化钛和氧化锌采用纳米粉料,纳米粉料粒径集中在100nm以下;
步骤二、对步骤一的混合物进行研磨,对研磨后的浆状物料进行筛选;
步骤三、压力式喷雾干燥造粒的步骤:采用压力式雾化器借助隔膜泵的压力将步骤二分离后的浆状物料雾化成细微液滴,经与热风进行热交换而后干燥,制成粒径平均为90μm~115μm的空心球状、残留水分为0.5%以下的细小颗粒;
步骤四、双向浮动加压压制成型的步骤:冲压时上下两端均加压,往中间压缩;
步骤五、烧结的步骤:常温下在1.5至2.5小时内将温度升至800℃,再缓慢升温2小时至2.5小时使温度升至1300℃-1350℃,在1300℃-1350℃温度范围内保温2小时,再缓慢降温2小时至2.5小时使温度降至约900℃,再自然快速降温至常温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:还包括对烧制后的陶瓷产品的上下端表面进行研磨处理,使其表面光滑,然后进行被覆铝或银电极、涂绝缘漆、检测的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,将大于60目的物料分离出。
4.根据权利要求1所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤二中,采用立式搅拌球磨法对步骤一的混合物进行研磨4-5小时。
5.一种二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,其特征在于:按照重量百分比各组分的配比为:二氧化钛75-79.1%,氧化锌10-14.1%,氧化铋2.2-2.226%,二氧化锰0.3-0.369%,三氧化二锑0.5-0.569%,氧化亚镍2.1-2.133%,氧化钴1.2-1.268%,碳化硅1.2-1.263%,氧化铬0.4-0.439%,硼玻璃粉3-3.2%,所述的二氧化钛和氧化锌采用纳米粉料,纳米粉料粒径集中在100nm以下。
6.根据权利要求5所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,其特征在于:二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器为直径范围在20mm-80mm、厚度范围在10mm-50mm的圆柱体。
7.根据权利要求5所述的二氧化钛高压压敏电阻器,其特征在于:其制造过程包括以下步骤:步骤一、所述的二氧化钛和氧化锌采用纳米粉料,纳米粉料粒径集中在100nm以下,并将各组分混匀;
步骤二、对步骤一的混合物进行研磨,对研磨后的浆状物料进行筛选;
步骤三、压力式喷雾干燥造粒的步骤:采用压力式雾化器借助隔膜泵的压力将步骤二分离后的浆状物料雾化成细微液滴,经与热风进分热交换而后干燥,制成粒径平均为90μm~115μm的空心球状、残留水分为0.5%以下的细小颗粒;
步骤四、双向浮动加压压制成型的步骤:冲压时上下两端均加压,往中间压缩;
步骤五、烧结的步骤:常温下在1.5至2.5小时内将温度升至800℃,再缓慢升温2小时至2.5小时使温度升至1300℃-1350℃,在1300℃-1350℃温度范围内保温2小时,再缓慢降温2小时至2.5小时使温度降至约900℃,再自然快速降温至常温。
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