CN108197766A - A kind of active distribution network Optimal Operation Model for including micro-capacitance sensor group - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of active distribution network Optimal Operation Models for including micro-capacitance sensor group, with the access of distributed generation resource and micro-capacitance sensor, controlled member increases in active distribution network, the Optimization Scheduling of conventional electrical distribution net has not been suitable for active distribution network Optimized Operation, therefore proposes that a kind of new method improves the economy of stability of power system and user side.It is characterized in that:It is proposed a kind of dual-layer optimization scheduling model of the active distribution network suitable for the group containing micro-capacitance sensor, upper layer model is using power distribution network as research object, optimization aim is improves power quality, reduces line loss, and for underlying model using micro-capacitance sensor as research object, optimization aim is minimum for cost.The present invention solves upper strata Optimized model using genetic algorithm, and lower floor's Optimized model is solved using mixed integer linear programming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power system optimal dispatch fields, specifically excellent with a kind of active distribution network comprising micro-capacitance sensor group
Change scheduling model and solve power train load scheduling problem.
Background technology
Economic Dispatch is on the basis of power grid security reliability service is ensured, is made full use of existing in power grid
Power transmission and distribution and transformer equipment by scientific and effective method, preferably transformer, circuit way of economic operation, load economic allotment
Deng, reduce the loss of electric system, utmostly realize energy utilization maximize;
Nowadays, electricity market becomes high competition, more urgent to the increase of energy requirement.Economic load dispatching is modern
One of effective means in the planning of energy management system running.To reducing production cost and increasing system reliability, economy load
It dispatches and is played a crucial role in the economy for maintaining electric system.
The efficiency in fuel cost and power station determines the operating cost produced electricl energy, so as to economic load dispatching problem
A very important task in Operation of Electric Systems and planning is become.Its main target be optimization available cell between
Power generation, so as to make total power production cost minimum while constraint (all equatioies and the inequality constraints) that system is considered is met
Change.
Invention content
For the difficulties and problems in the presence of solution Economic Dispatch problem, the invention discloses one kind containing micro-
The active distribution network Optimal Operation Model of power grid group
The present invention is mainly realized by following scheme:
A kind of active distribution network Optimal Operation Model of the group containing micro-capacitance sensor;
Active distribution network system capacity Governance framework containing more microgrids is as shown in Figure 1.It is different from conventional electrical distribution net, actively match
Containing distributed generation resource and flexible load in power grid, the element controlled is needed to become more, while dispatch to power distribution network with optimization means
The requirement at center (DNO) also higher.Micro-capacitance sensor group access power distribution network after, due to micro-capacitance sensor it is relatively independent the characteristics of, actively
Power distribution network can only carry out energy management by PCC to it.
It accesses in the typical micro-capacitance sensor of active distribution network comprising miniature gas turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC), accumulator
(battery), wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) distributed power supply and node load.Micro-capacitance sensor both to active distribution network sell electricity or
Electricity can be bought to it.
In the bilevel optimization scheduling model that this patent proposes, upper layer model need to control the load for being directly accessed power distribution network,
The power that exchanges of distributed generation resource and PCC, PCC power that underlying model needs are provided according to upper layer model are controlled in micro-capacitance sensor
Load and distributed generation resource, scheduling result is then fed back into upper layer model, by the iteration of upper layer model and underlying model,
Scheduling result after being restrained.Detailed model construction is in the specific introduction of lower section.
Fig. 1 is the active distribution network block schematic illustration of the group containing micro-capacitance sensor;
Fig. 2 is model solution flow chart;
Specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.
Active distribution network system capacity Governance framework containing more microgrids is as shown in Figure 1.It is different from conventional electrical distribution net, actively match
Containing distributed generation resource and flexible load in power grid, the element controlled is needed to become more, while dispatch to power distribution network with optimization means
The requirement at center (DNO) also higher.Micro-capacitance sensor group access power distribution network after, due to micro-capacitance sensor it is relatively independent the characteristics of, actively
Power distribution network can only carry out energy management by PCC to it.
It accesses in the typical micro-capacitance sensor of active distribution network comprising miniature gas turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC), accumulator
(battery), wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) distributed power supply and node load.Micro-capacitance sensor both to active distribution network sell electricity or
Electricity can be bought to it.
In the bilevel optimization scheduling model, upper layer model needs to control load, the distributed generation resource for being directly accessed power distribution network
With the power that exchanges of PCC, underlying model needs the PCC power provided according to upper layer model to control the load in micro-capacitance sensor with dividing
Then scheduling result is fed back to upper layer model by cloth power supply, by the iteration of upper layer model and underlying model, after obtaining convergence
Scheduling result.Detailed model construction is in the specific introduction of lower section.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that model solution flow chart solves electric system economic load dispatching.First to required in algorithm
The model and formula wanted are illustrated, i.e. the object function and constraints of the active distribution network scheduling model of the group containing microgrid.
1. upper strata Optimized model
The research object of upper strata Optimized model is active distribution network, to improve power supply quality with reducing current supply loss as mesh
Mark, the exchange power of PCC is decision variable.
1.1 object function
The object function of upper layer model includes line loss and power distribution network node voltage degrees of offset[17], specifically describe
It is as follows:
minCupper=μlossCloss+μVoffCVoff (1)
Wherein, ClossTotal network loss function for power distribution network in dispatching cycle;CVoffLetter is deviated for each node voltage of power distribution network
Number, to weigh the major criterion of distribution network electric energy quality;μlossWith μVoffRespectively ClossWith CVoffWeight in object function
Coefficient.
In object function, the concrete form of network loss function and variation function see respectively formula with.
Wherein, T is dispatching cycle, is set as herein 24 hours;L is distribution network line total number;N is always a for power distribution network node
Number;Δ t is the time scale of Optimized Operation, is set as herein 1 hour;Ploss,l(t) it is line losses of the circuit l in the t periods, by
Load flow calculation acquires;Un(t) it is perunit values of the node n in the node voltage of t periods;Δ U is the threshold of node voltage offset penalties
Value, is set as 0.05 herein;[x]+It represents the downward rounding operations of x.
When formula represents that node voltage offset is smaller, i.e. Un(t) ∈ [1- Δs U, 1+ Δ U], then penalty term [| Un(t)-1|/Δ
U]+It is 0, variation function is smaller;Otherwise, penalty term is more than 1, and the value of variation function significantly increases.
1.2 constraints
1) trend constraint:
In formula, subscript DNG, MG and L represent active distribution network, micro-capacitance sensor and load respectively;Subscript n represents power distribution network with m
Node serial number;P and Q represents active power and reactive power respectively;V represents node voltage;GnmWith BnmNode n and m are represented respectively
Between conductance and susceptance;θnm(t) phase angle difference between t period node n and m.
2) distributed generation resource constrains:
Assuming that the power supply of access active distribution network is controllable unit, then the power constraints for being directly accessed active distribution network include
The constraint of output power bound, minimum start-off time constraints and Climing constant, respectively such as formula, with it is shown.
-Δdown,i≤Pi(t)-Pi(t-1)≤Δup,i (7)
Wherein, Pi(t) and Qi(t) active power output of t periods controllable unit i and idle output are represented respectively;P i、Table respectively
Show the active power output lower limit of controllable unit i and the output upper limit;Q i、The idle output lower limit and output of controllable unit i is represented respectively
The upper limit;Ui(t) operating status of controllable unit i is represented, 0 represents that stoppage in transit, 1 represent operation;Ustart,i(t)、Ushut,i(t) it is respectively
The booting decision variable of controllable unit i and shutdown decision variable;MOTiThe minimum available machine time for controllable unit i;MDTiIt is controllable
The minimum available machine time of unit i;Δdown,i、Δup,iThe maximum downwardly and upwardly climbing rate of controllable unit i is represented respectively.
3) PCC power constraints
In formula, PPCC(t) the exchange power of t period PCC, i.e. Power Exchange between active distribution network and micro-capacitance sensor are represented;Represent that PCC exchanges the upper limit of power.
2. lower floor's Optimized model
The research object of lower floor's Optimized model is micro-capacitance sensor, and using the cost that runs minimized as target, dispatching can in micro-capacitance sensor
Power supply is controlled to contribute.
2.1 object function
Lower floor's Optimized model object function is the cost that runs minimized, and is described in detail below:
Wherein, Cfuel,i() is controllable electric power fuel cost function, including miniature gas turbine and fuel cell;Ui(t)
Represent the operating status of t periods controllable electric power operation, 0 represents not run, and 1 represents operation;CS,i() for controllable electric power start into
This;COM,i(·)、CDP,i(·)、CE,i() represents maintenance cost, depreciable cost and the Environmental costs of controllable unit respectively;COM,k
(·)、CDP,k() represents maintenance cost, the depreciable cost of energy storage device respectively;Cbuy(·)、Csell() represents microgrid respectively
From the cost of active distribution network power purchase and the income of sale of electricity;PM,i(t) controllable unit output in micro-capacitance sensor is represented;PM,i(t) it represents
Accumulator cell charging and discharging power in micro-capacitance sensor;Pbuy(t)、Psell(t) represent micro-capacitance sensor from active distribution network power purchase and sale of electricity respectively
Power.
The function of controllable unit fuel cost, start-up cost, maintenance cost, depreciable cost and Environmental costs in formula is shown in formula
~:
Cfuel,i(PM,i(t))=ai·PM,i(t)2+bi·PM,i(t)+ci (10)
CS,i(PM,i(t))=SiUM,start,i(t) (11)
COM,i(PM,i(t))=KOM,iPM,i(t)Δt (12)
Wherein, ai、biAnd ciCoefficient for i-th of controllable unit fuel cost conic section;SiFor i-th of controllable unit
Start-up cost;UM,start,i(t) the booting decision variable for i-th of controllable unit in micro-capacitance sensor;Caz,iFor i-th of controllable electric
The present worth of the installation cost as per machine capacity in source;kiCapacity factor for i-th of micro- source;niService life for i-th of micro- source;
KOM,iUnit quantity of electricity operation expense coefficient for i-th of micro- source;AjSpecific emissions expense for jth item pollutant;BijFor
The jth item pollutant discharge amount of i-th of micro- source unit quantity of electricity;J is the type of pollutant;
Maintenance cost, the depreciable cost function of energy storage device in formula see formula,:
COM,k(Pk(t))=KOM,k|Pk(t)|Δt (15)
CDP,k(Pk(t))=(Erated,kCE,k+Prated,kCP,k)Lloss,k (16)
Wherein, KOM,kUnit quantity of electricity operation expense coefficient for k-th of accumulator group;Erated,k、Prated,kRespectively
The rated capacity and rated power of k-th of accumulator group, CE,k、CP,kThe respectively unit capacity and unit power of accumulator group k
The present worth of installation cost;Lloss,kLife consumption coefficient for accumulator group k[18]。
In formula micro-capacitance sensor power purchase expense and sale of electricity revenue function such as formula with it is shown.
Cbuy(Pbuy(t))=pbuy(t)Pbuy(t) (17)
Csell(Psell(t))=psell(t)Psell(t) (18)
Wherein, pbuy(t) it is t periods micro-capacitance sensor to active distribution network purchase electricity price;pbuy(t) it is t periods micro-capacitance sensor to master
Dynamic power distribution network sale of electricity electricity price.
2.2 constraints
Micro-capacitance sensor ignores its trend constraint because system scale is smaller.
1) power-balance constraint:
2) Reserve Constraint:
Wherein, PM,i(t)、Pk(t)、Pw(t)、Pp(t)、Pbuy(t)、Psell(t) represent that controllable unit goes out in micro-capacitance sensor respectively
Power, accumulator output, wind power output, solar power generation output and the power purchase to active distribution network and sale of electricity;Pd(t) it is micro-capacitance sensor
Workload demand;R (t) is the spinning reserve demand of micro-capacitance sensor.
2) distributed generation resource constrains:
Distributed generation resource in micro-capacitance sensor includes wind turbine, photovoltaic and controllable unit, wherein the constraint of controllable unit with directly
Access active distribution network controllable Unit commitment it is similar, see formula~, details are not described herein.Wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic output should not exceed
It, which is predicted, contributes, constraint such as formula, shown.
0≤Pw(t)≤Pw,fore(t) (21)
0≤Pp(t)≤Pp,fore(t) (22)
Wherein, Pw,fore(t) it contributes for wind turbine prediction;Pp,fore(t) it contributes for photovoltaic generation prediction.
3) accumulator constrains
The charge power and discharge power limit value of accumulator such as formula, shown:
Wherein, Pch,k(t)、Pdh,k(t) it is respectively charge power, discharge power, the output of accumulator meets Pk(t)=
Pdh,k(t)-Pch,k(t);P ch,k(t)、The respectively lower limit and the upper limit of charge power;P dh,k(t)、Respectively put
The lower limit and the upper limit of electrical power.Uch,k(t)、Udh,k(t) it is 0,1 variable, represents the discharge condition of accumulator and charging shape respectively
State, the charging and discharging state of accumulator is mutual exclusion, i.e. Udh,k(t)+Uch,k(t)≤1。
The residual capacity of accumulator is more than that limit value can cause accumulator very big damage, and constraint is as shown in formula:
Wherein,E k、The minimum and maximum value of remaining battery capacity is represented respectively.
Accumulator moment t residual capacity with the residual capacity of its previous moment t- Δs t and its from t- Δs t to t
Discharge and recharge it is related, during charge and discharge, the dump energy calculation formula of accumulator is:
Wherein, Ek(t)、Ek(t-1) it is respectively moment t, the remaining battery capacity (kWh) of t-1;ηch,k、ηdh,kIt is respectively
The charge efficiency and discharging efficiency of accumulator;σkIt is the self-discharge rate of accumulator.
To ensure the normal consistency in a micro-capacitance sensor lower period, accumulator can generally keep residual capacity within dispatching cycle
First and last balances, as shown in formula.
Ek(0)=Ek(T) (27)
4) PCC power constraints
The power purchase power of micro-capacitance sensor allows to exchange within the upper limit of the power with sale of electricity power constraint in PCC, see formula with.
Since active distribution network participates in scheduling PCC power, power purchase power and the sale of electricity power of micro-capacitance sensor should meet formula.
Psell(t)-Pbuy(t)=PPCC(t) (30)。
Claims (2)
1. a kind of active distribution network Optimal Operation Model for including micro-capacitance sensor group, it is characterised in that:To include the master of micro-capacitance sensor group
Dynamic distribution network system is research object, establishes a kind of bilevel optimization tune of the completely new active distribution network suitable for the group containing micro-capacitance sensor
Model is spent, for the upper layer model of bi-level optimization model using active distribution network as object, optimization aim is respectively to reduce network loss, improve confession
Electricity quality;For underlying model using micro-capacitance sensor as research object, object function is minimum for cost, and upper layer model passes through public affairs with underlying model
Tie point (PCC) carries out Power Exchange altogether, and the genetic algorithm of application enhancements is solved with mixed integer linear programming algorithm respectively
Upper strata Optimized model and lower floor's Optimized model finally by taking the IEEE33 node power distribution nets after adjustment as an example, are demonstrated and are built herein
The validity of model.
2. thinking and the realization of a kind of active distribution network Optimal Operation Model comprising micro-capacitance sensor group based on claim 1 proposition
Process, the solution of entire model are divided into levels, its specific implementation step is as follows:
Upper strata model solution algorithm
Step 1:Initialization model parameter, including genetic algorithm parameter, active distribution network parameter, load prediction etc.;
Step 2:Population is initialized, it is random to generate individual in population, to the decision variable in individual using real coding, wherein determining
Plan variable includes trend constraint, distributed generation resource is contributed, PCC exchanges power etc.;
Step 3:Fitness value is calculated, fitness function is the object function of upper strata scheduling model;
Step 4:Selected population, according to the individual of roulette principle selection optimization;
Step 5:Intersect and make a variation, population is intersected and made a variation according to adaptive principle;
Step 6:Terminate decision criteria, if optimal solution meets the condition of convergence or reaches highest iterations, export calculating
As a result;Otherwise, return to step 3;
Underlying model derivation algorithm
The constraint of lower floor's scheduling model can largely be changed to linear restriction, and wherein nonlinear restriction only has controllable unit cost function
It is lost and constrains with accumulator, wherein controllable unit cost function is quadratic function, piece-wise linearization is used to handle it, and electric power storage
The linearisation of pond loss constraint carries out piece-wise linearization processing to it, and after linearization process, lower floor's scheduling problem just converts
For Mixed integer linear programming, and solve Mixed integer linear programming and model is solved using CPLEX.
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