CN108193637A - A kind of Tao wife and children river water protects comprehensive processing method - Google Patents
A kind of Tao wife and children river water protects comprehensive processing method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical fields; it discloses a kind of Tao wife and children river water and protects comprehensive processing method; pass through the inspection of the scene of a crime to pottery man river; consider with reference to combined factors such as mud-rock flow development and bulk solid mass, calculating relevant regulations according to water and soil conservation and hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering amount calculates check dam engineering, solid bed dam engineering, check dam engineering design, drainage groove engineering and water channel anti-seepage reinforcing engineering；Methods in Slop Improvement, water and soil conservation afforestation, fruit forest zones；The remaining deserted mountain barren hill of water and soil conservation afforestation and hardly possible are manually closed using the thin young growth implementation in ground and part in watershed manages and protects；Conservation tillage measure is implemented to gentle slope land, implements plant shield ridge measure to steep-sloping land.The substantially reduced soil erosion amount of the present invention, effective protection village, water conservancy, traffic, farmland safety；It is improving the ecological environment on the basis of sloping upland tillage condition, farm irrigation facility, is developing and using water and soil resources, develop the economy with the living standard for improving the local people masses.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical fields more particularly to a kind of Tao wife and children river water to protect comprehensive processing method.
Background technology
Pottery man river is located at Yunnan Province Dongchuan District south, east longitude 103 ° 14 ' 24 "~103 ° 21 ' 36 ", 25 ° 57 ' 22 of north latitude "
~26 ° 01 ' 35 ", Tao wife and children's river valley areas 71.16km2, the long 16.6km of tap drain rises in Yunnan Province Huize County and drives township, belong to
Jinsha River system little Jiang basins import the big Baihe in small east of a river portion tributary from east orientation west.The exit or entrance of a clitch is far from Dongchuan urban area 20km, Kunming to east
The highway in river passes through from the exit or entrance of a clitch, and the railway siding in Kunming to Dongchuan passes through from pottery family's river and the west bank of big Baihe intersection, east
Field irrigation vital engineering in river area represents that unity canal water intaking dam is located on the big Baihe main stem at the 300m of exit or entrance of a clitch the north, Tao wife and children
Bull ridge the east eagle rock, a White Dragon Pool~band of driving are risen in river, and the long 16.6km of tap drain flows through Huize along southern western 220 ° of directions
Xiong Jia villages of township to boulder village of Dongchuan District A Wang townshiies of driving of county imports big Baihe, and highest height above sea level 3374m, minimum height above sea level 1400m are high
Poor 1974m.Tao wife and children river valley is located at the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province plateau the north, and topography east northeast is high, Nan Xi is low, and water system is in dendroid, entire basin
For sector, upstream catchment area is larger.The basin is in Huize~pool senior middle school mountain and profoundly cuts structural erosion morphologic region；Source office
Residual plateau face of the portion area for height above sea level 2700m or so, karstification development, Geomorphic Expressions are clint hillside fields and karst depression is
It is main；Middle and lower reaches mass erosion effect is apparent, and Geomorphic Expressions are profoundly cut for river based on senior middle school mountain.Pottery man river totality extending direction
Consistent with construction line, the strong incision of cheuch, two sides hillside is steep, in " V " type river valley.Upstream brae is at 40 ° or so, 40 ° of middle reaches
~60 °, downstream is 20 °~40 °.Tap drain is than dropping between 3%~15%, average gradient 5.26%.Middle and upper reaches river bed cross section is narrow,
Both sides landslip development, underwater bed section are wide slow based on accumulation.The bedrock formation of exposure is under in Tao wife and children's river valleies
It swims to upstream by experienced new, respectively：Unite Chengjiang group, Xiong Jia villages group (Z under Sinian systemz1c+x), the southern a small bay in a river group of upper system, steep mountain a small bay in a river group
(Zz2n+d) and Denying Formation (Zz2dn), Cambrian system Xia Tongyuhu villages group (E1y), Bamboo Temple group (E1q), Liangshan group of uniting under dyas
(P1L) and shake group Mao Kou groups (P of dwelling1q+m).Now each stratum principal lithologic is described below：Sinian system：Lower system Chengjiang group, Xiong Jia villages
Group (Zz1c+x)：Lithofacies are in two sub-sections：Lower part presss from both sides thin layer grit rock for a set of aubergine medium bed arkose, has seriate knot
Structure, argillaceous agglutination；Top is yellow green, celadon particulate feldspathic graywacke burning into sand matter siliceous shale and argillaceous siltstoue, occasionally presss from both sides 1
~2m aubergine mudstones, containing a small amount of 2~10cm red gravel.Stratum exposure Yu Kali villages~Xiong Jia villages section riverbed two sides, it is thick
Spend 758m, 225 ° of occurrence, 53 ° of ∠.Upper system south a small bay in a river group, steep mountain a small bay in a river group (Zz2n+d)：Lithofacies top is the olistostrome that moraine is mutually accumulated,
Lower part is the canescence of littoral facies deposition, aubergine glutenite folder thin layer dolomite.The stratum exposure in middle and lower reaches riverbed two sides,
Part is covered by collapse body and outwash, develops several shallow failures.28~170m of thickness.Denying Formation (Zz2dn)：Canescence is blocky
Crystal dolomite, Silica cement, semiclosed stable shallow-sea facies genesis environment.Since by laser cutting, catalase, joint are close
Cloth, part are in mylonite shape.The extensive exposure in the stratum is the stratum of outcrop area maximum in basin, micro- in basin middle reaches
Cliff or steep bank, 207~989m of thickness are commonly formed in looks.Cambrian system：Xia Tongyuhu villages group (E1y)：Dark grey, grey thin layer are siliceous
Dolomite, argillaceous dolomite and carbonaceous siltstone, the recessed phase sedimentary formation in sea, occurrence change greatly, 13~223m of thickness.Bamboo Temple group
(E1q)：Grey black, celadon thin layer shale, aleuritic texture rock and thin~medium bed feldspar quartzy sandstone, lithology are relatively stablized, and are shallow
Marine facies fine debris deposits.Stratum He Yuhu villages component is distributed in tap drain both sides hillside, 237~263m of thickness, with underlying strata in flat
Row unconformity contacts.Dyas：Lower system Liangshan group (P1L)：Lithofacies are divided into two parts, and top about 50m thickness is stablizes medium bed canescence
Quartzy packsand；The lower part black shale unstable for thickness presss from both sides calcic rock and coal seam, and weathering is extremely strong, localized loss.Point
Source area is distributed in, occurrence is closely horizontal, is inclined to the southeast, abrupt slope, 65.4~224.8m of overall thickness is commonly formed.It is in angle with underlying strata
Spend unconformity contact.It dwells shake group, Mao Kou groups (P1q+m)：Ash~Dark grey medium bed, thick-layer limestone and white clouds matter plaque-like limestone folder
Dolomite, part contain a small amount of flint.Residual one band of plateau is distributed in, corrosion is strong, 237~645m of thickness.4th owner in basin
It will be to remain, based on slide rock unconsolidated formation, 5~25m of thickness is differed, and slip mass is commonly formed together with avalanche talus.In underwater bed
The alluviation of more than ten meter Shen of covering, proluvial cobble, gravel, sand, lithology are in the majority with dolomite, calcic rock and sandstone.Pottery man small river
Generally in monoclinal structure, especially upstream is apparent on stratum in domain, rock stratum tendency east, the southeast, by laser cutting position occurrence shakiness
Fixed, joints development, catalase has underground water exposure in addition, makes tap drain two sides landslide, avalanche serious.Tao wife and children river valley institute
Locate structural unit, be the big Baihe fractures of Xiaojiang fault Shu Dongzhi of river Yunnan meridional tectonic belt east by " geomechanics " viewpoint
It drives gulf reflex arc handing-over position with the western wing of Zhanyi County's epsilon structural system.Rift structure is developed in basin, to soil erosion and
Strong influence and control action are played in formation, the development of mud-rock flow.Xiaojiang fault beam is made of a plurality of secondary fragmentation, is a branch of
The long term activity of earthquake for having apparent controlling is broken, and east props up big Baihe fracture and north-northwest is moved towards in Tao wife and children section to a plurality of secondary
Tomography forms the phenomenon high in the east and low in the west on landforms.Level ground fracture (F during the old snowfield of lower reaches represents1) it is the secondary of big Baihe fracture
Grade tomography, 40 ° of occurrence, 58 ° of ∠.Middle reaches crop field dam represents numb pears gulf (F2), three-family village represent that Xiong Jia villages represent great Ping beach (F3) two
Tomography is caused for the activity of Xiaojiang fault later stage, and approximately EW extruding force makes its trend be northwest (NW)~east southeast, is inclined to east northeast, shows pressure
Property, particularly by the F in Xiong Jia villages3Tomography both sides rock is more broken.It is developed to wheatland from ditch opening's edge tap drain road in basin to wear
Go out the tomography (F in basin4) and water section tomography (F5) it is that epsilon structural system western wing in Zhanyi County's is driven the composition portion of gulf reflex arc
Point.F4From West to East through entire basin, squeezed and formed strongly by north-south stress, therefrom level ground through sink is clear, Xiong Jia villages extremely
Xia Cha rivers are divided into two, and are extended to other than basin to big wheat field, two Zhigou of wheatland respectively.F5Though tomography in basin range compared with
It is small, but it strong split cutting and causes P1LAnd P1qStratum crushing, weathering aggravation, underground water exposure cause new field~water section landslide to disintegrate
It destroys, harm increases year by year.F4Respectively by F1、F2、F3Cutting, cutting intersection dust stone, the apparent exposure of kataclastics, shear-zone
Transmissibility is good, shows the property for first pressing post-tensioning, makes pottery man river tap drain along F4Tomography incision, branch bank F2、F3Development is broken
Layer handing-over position is branch intersection, generates to two sides landslide, the formation of avalanche and strong soil erosion and finally mudstone
Stream disaster creates advantage.Tao wife and children river valley is in the apparent little berry of neotectonic movement, neotectonic movement
There are horizontal, vertical two kinds of forms.Asymmetric landform is commonly formed in fracture belt both sides proluvial fan skirt, terrace, there is large area gallery liter and east
The differential fluctuation of portion's fault block high mountain, and basin upstream 2700m height above sea level residual plateau is gradually decreased to 2100m or so towards the southeast,
These all illustrate that Tao wife and children's river valley neotectonic movement is apparent.According to existing data, since 3,300,000 years modern, grand raising speed in basin
Rate is 1.07mm/, and horizontal movement Mean Speed is 4.1mm/.Tao wife and children river valley is in the famous North-South seismic belt in China
One of small river earthquake zone, earthquake is frequent and intensity is big, and once occurred 30 times or so since the Epileistocene strong splits earthquake.From 1733
Since year, the earthquake more than 4 grades has 12 times, wherein the earthquake more than 6 grades has 3 times, earthquake centre is not far from Tao wife and children's river valleies.This
Basin earthquake intensity is larger (for Ⅸ degree), and strong earthquake is combined with other factors, often comes down in excitation basin, the shape of avalanche
Into leading to soil erosion and mud-stone flow disaster.Underground water is based on crevice water and karst water two types in Tao wife and children's river valleies,
Zz1、Zz2d+n、E1qClastic Stratum of Country Rocks is waited to assign water layer, Z for weathered zone fissure waterz2d+n、E1y、P1q+mIt is fracture belt to wait carbonate formations
Corrosion mountain karst water assigns water layer.Underground water receives Atmospheric precipitation supply, and runoff, excretion are controlled by landform and construction, along disconnected
It splits and migrates vertically downward with various cracks, by P1LAnd E1qMiddle muddy intercalation barrier is nearby gone out along fracture in the form of shallow bid spring
Dew, in Ka Li villages to Xiong Jia villages, the ground such as section and wheatland, new field are apparent.In addition, the various origin cause of formation stack layers of footslope and downstream river course
Contain a small amount of crevice water in the rickle of both sides.The hydrochemical type of underground water is HCO in basin3Represent CaMg types.By
In the more exposure of underground water near fracture, make incompact-deposit bodies and broken basement rock formed by interface of stone and earth, plane of disruption etc.
Pore water pressure increases on sliding surface, and shearing strength reduces, and slip mass is caused to slide, the formation for Mud-stone Flow of Gullies provides largely
Bulk solid mass.Hot spring (25 DEG C) dry-weather discharge 322.82L/s that highway bridge branch is revealed in exit or entrance of a clitch southern side, is flow in basin
Maximum spring.Compound position is concentrated due to being in tectonic stress, various structural planes are complicated, and kataclastics development, in addition neotectonics is transported
It is dynamic strong, be conducive to preservation, migration, heating, the rich product of underground water, the finally exposure in the form of hot spring.Tao wife and children river valley belongs to sub-
Tropical monsson climate area, it is bright with vertical zoning weather due to being influenced by factors such as atmospheric circulation, solar radiation and landform
Aobvious, the characteristics of dry and wet season is clearly demarcated, isolated storm is strong.Increase in basin with height above sea level, gone out according to temperature, precipitation, evaporation capacity and humidity
Existing significant change is divided into three weather subprovinces：Subtropical zone dry-hot valley, warm-temperature zone be semiarid~semi-moist Zhongshan District and cold
Temperate zone moistens alpine region.Dry and wet season is apparent in basin：Annual 5~October is rainy season, and precipitation accounts for annual gross precipitation
88%；6~August precipitation is more concentrated, and multiple spot heavy rain accounts for more than 50% annual precipitation；April November to next year is dry season,
Precipitation only accounts for the 12% of annual gross precipitation.Storm frequency height, intensity are big in basin, and especially isolated storm and night rain are formed
Mud-rock flow endangers downstream even more serious.The hydrology is closely related with rainfall.Family's river of making pottery leans on the recharge of ground water in dry season, and flow is about
0.4m3/s.It is fallen as rainy season rainfall increases to present to rise suddenly and sharply, flood discharge is generally more than 100m after heavy rain3/ s meets flood in 50 years one
Water flow is up to 150m3/ s, flood wash away a large amount of silt stones formation mud-rock flows of carrying and are transported to downstream strongly, and scale increases year by year
Greatly.Tao wife and children ruisseau is developed in typical dendroid, and Zhigou length upstream constantly increases from downstream, tap drain two sides to basin
The range on boundary is substantially near symmetrical.Tap drain generally extends along east-west direction, and middle and lower reaches Zhigou is substantially approached with tap drain
Vertically cross.Zhong Cungou, crop field Ba Gou, sink ditch cleaning, village's ditch of settling down, manger chase, Xiong Jia villages ditch etc. have what is differed in size
Perennial draingage imports tap drain.Tap drain is more wide slow in one band of the exit or entrance of a clitch to Ka Li villages, and there are the fragmentary agriculture of the spontaneous reclamation of wasteland of local farmers in two sides
Field, but since quantity of sand and mud in recent years is larger, riverbed is rising steadily, and part farmland has been buried in silt.It is averaged according to Scour and Accretion for many years
Value estimate underwater bed goes up about 7~12 ㎝ every year, silt content reaches 30~70 ㎏/m3.The supreme trouble korneforos trip ditch in Ka Li villages
Road variation is little, the wide about 16~50m in riverbed, upstream silt amount and washes away incision degree and tends to balance.Upstream is due to water section and small
Two Zhigou developments of wheat field have movable slip mass, and a large amount of bulk solid mass is piled up in raceway groove, in up-trend.Tao wife and children
The present situation in the entire basin in river is that cheuch landforms are profoundly cut on senior middle school mountain, and the gradient is larger, and the amplitude of variation of soil is also larger.Into the mother of soil
Matter has sandstone, mud stone and limestone, dolomite, marl etc..Therefore, from upstream to downstream distribution have mountain red earth, yellow ground earth,
The white clay soil that brown sandy loam, red soil alluvial soil, brown alluvial soil, also marl are formed by weathering is (in water section one with slip mass
It is upper relatively broad), these soil fertility are very poor, easily cause soil erosion, and retain water and nutrients ability is general.Downstream river course two sides farmland
Arable layer is acid purple soil, submerged paddy, zhuyu paddy soil.Dongchuan centuries cuts down the firewood extensive resource of copper metallurgy of making charcoal and opens
The history of hair creates a large amount of forest in Tao wife and children's river valleies and is cut down, since landform is steep and barren soil, scondary forest and
Artificial afforestration also develops slowly.According to the inspection of the scene of a crime, Tao wife and children's river valley vegetation coverages are extremely low, the high forest of upstream small pieces distribution
Have pinus yunnanensis, Huashan pine, Anlnus nepalensis, oak class, a Yunnan poplar, shrub be sporadicly distributed with cuckoo, Quercus acutissima, birchleaf pear, southern candle, arrow bamboo, cluster bamboo,
Coriaria sinica etc..Arbor has oak class, willow, eucalyptus, tree-of-heaven etc. below height above sea level 2000m, and shrub has aalii, olive, birchleaf pear, red bayberry, small
Sparrow flower, akeake, grass is by based on Eupatorium adenophorum, sweet wormwood, the yellow thatch of torsion, cogongrass, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Fructus Fici tikouae；Downstream location due to by
Human interference is serious, and soil drought is thin thin, and forest land is also relatively fewer, and most of is deserted mountain barren hill, is dispersed with to turn round Huang Mao, purple
Stem Herba Lycopi, sweet wormwood, the careless quilt based on Fructus Fici tikouae, only there is a small amount of eucalyptus, tree-of-heaven, bamboo, acacia rachii etc. near village, shrub with
Based on a small amount of paulownia fiber crops, Quercus acutissima, olive, hardship are pierced.Tao wife and children's river valleies gross area is 71.16km2(7116hm2), there is arable land
1613.4hm2, account for the 22.67% of the basin gross area；Forest land 1102.6hm2, account for the 15.5% of the basin gross area；Deserted mountain barren hill
3778.7hm2, account for the 53.1% of the basin gross area；Tap drain road and sandy beach 62hm2, account for the 0.87% of the basin gross area；Hardly possible utilizes ground
493.7hm2, account for the 6.94% of the basin gross area；Nonproductive land used (village) 65.6hm2, account for the 0.92% of the basin gross area.Stream
Water resource due to height difference great disparity, is unevenly distributed, downstream is more and upstream is few compared with horn of plenty in domain.Mainly fed by Atmospheric precipitation,
The exposure in the form of spring in tap drain two sides and each Zhigou.Silt content is high in tap drain, and water quality is preferable in Zhigou, often as village
The water source of human livestock drinking water.Field irrigation water conservancy degree is low, and sloping upland changes that water is irrigated the fields or paddy field is difficult.Arbor forest land in basin
Only 92hm2, pinus yunnanensis that almost all branch grows up behind upstream area, predominantly the 1980's, Huashan pine, Yunnan poplar
Small pieces scondary forest, has become a useful person.Thin young growth has 509.6hm2, it has been the artificial afforestration since 2000, but growing way is slow, is distributed mostly
The gentle hillside band driven in upstream to the west of country government, seeds are based on pinus yunnanensis, Huashan pine；On the part hillside of downstream two sides
Also there is a small amount of distribution, seeds are based on white popinac.Spinney has 501hm2, predominantly cuckoo, Quercus acutissima, arrow bamboo, Coriaria sinica, aalii,
Small sparrow flower, akeake, bitter thorn etc. in small block distribution, can only be used as water and soil conservation basis woods and provide peasant's fuel.Not into
The fruit forest zones of piece only sporadicly have walnut, Chinese chestnut, peach, Lee, premium etc. around village, do not form scale.Shortage can provide peasant
The large stretch of meadow to develop stock raising, deserted mountain barren hill but have 3778.7hm2, distribution area is maximum in basin.Lower reaches height above sea level
The wide slow river valley areas of below 1500m are in subtropical zone dry-hot valley, light application time and heat compared with horn of plenty, can be sent out after developing farmland
Open up greenhouse winter morning vegetables.The a large amount of silts to deposit in riverbed since grain composition is based on middle sand and cobble, are sieved and washed point through machinery
It can be made into excellent construction material after choosing.Hot spring water yield positioned at the exit or entrance of a clitch is larger, constant water temperature, can develop to go on tour
And cultivating tilapia.Tao wife and children's river valleies downstream belongs to Yunnan Province Kunming Dongchuan District, and upstream belongs to Qujing Huize County, and basin relates to altogether
And two county (area) villagers' committee of 5,2 townshiies, be located in 592 peasant familys in 25 natural villages, 1960 people of total population.Wherein
There are 4 villagers' committees, 16 natural villages, 385 family, 1082 people in Huize County township of driving, and there is 1 committee member villager in Dongchuan District A Wang townshiies
Meeting, 9 natural villages 878 people of totally 207 family.Total area under cultivation is 1613.4hm in basin2, there is arable land 0.82hm per capita2, cultivation rate
Reach more than 95%.Wherein paddy field is 40.7hm2, account for the 2.5% of cultivated area；Sloping upland is 1572.7hm2, account for cultivated area
97.5%.Paddy field is all distributed in downstream tap drain road two sides, has paddy field per capita less than 0.05hm2, sloping upland is less, and part
For 25 ° or more of steep-sloping land, farmland newly developed is needed to solve the insufficient difficulty of land resource；The all slopes of middle and upper reaches are ploughed
Ground has arable land to reach 1.35hm per capita2.Agricultural production is combined for manpower and animal power in basin, middle and upper reaches based on sloping upland,
Since the high slope in mountain is steep, soil is barren, only extensive cultivation, and the staple food crop of plantation has corn, potato, oat, radish, puts down
Equal yield is 3.9~4.5t/hm2；Downstream is based on paddy field, but channel sediment deposition is serious, per every year by flood, Sediment Disaster
It influences, the staple food crop of plantation has rice, corn, sweet potato, and average product is 7.5~9t/hm2.Irrigation degree is low,
Full basin only from a water channel of about 9km in level ground in Xiong Jia villages to downstream left bank more on a large scale, in recent years due to water and soil along the line
It is lost in and aggravates, water channel silt is buried and damaged constantly, influences normally to supply water；It is other as sink is clear, Ka Li villages etc. also have it is a small amount of
Flume, but be the Tu Qu voluntarily excavated, leakage is serious.In basin based on agricultural production, take into account animal husbandry, industry and woods
Industry income is few, though the local masses have been basically solved problem of food and clothing, but still lives in poverty, take in plant cereal crops and
Based on immigrant laborers.Animal husbandry is produced based on raising pigs, secondly the draught animals such as ox, horse, sheep, donkey, mule.Middle and upper reaches are driven 4, township
101.4 ten thousand yuan of villagers' committee's general production value of agriculture, agricultural have grain 470kg, 610 yuan of per capita net income, fixed assets 269.5 per capita
Wan Yuan；1, downstream A Wang townshiies, 28.7 ten thousand yuan of villagers' committee's general production value of agriculture, agricultural have grain 356kg, per capita net income per capita
565 yuan, 144.9 ten thousand yuan of fixed assets.Tao wife and children's river valleies gross area is 71.16km2(7116hm2), no obvious erosion (area
0.62km2, account for the 0.9% of the basin gross area；Soil erosion area is 70.54km2, the 99.1% of the basin gross area is accounted for, wherein acute
Strong, pole strength, intensity, moderate, slight soil erosion area are followed successively by 4.93,0.8,36.64,9.52,18.65km2, respectively
Account for basin water-soil is lost in area 6.9%, 1.1%, 51.5%, 13.4% and 26.2%；Corresponding soil erosion modulus difference
For 19500,13260,7020,3680,1360t/km2A, average erosion modulus are 8964t/km2·a.Various soil erosion classes
The distribution area of type generally divides three regions with the difference of topography and geomorphology in basin：Firstth area is the exit or entrance of a clitch to water section tap drain two sides
The gentle slope tableland of 100~250m of height difference is continuous up to 15km long, belongs to faults control area, main landslip activity is herein
In the range of, erosion degree is with acutely and based on deep erosion, erosion type is with the landslip of mass erosion and water erosion
It is the main source of silt in basin based on the expansion of ditch bank.Secondth area is the firstth area with up to tap drain two sides height above sea level 2200m models
The interior high Zhongshan District in abrupt slope is enclosed, the gradient is most of for deserted mountain barren hill and overhanging cliff, exposed bedrock, soil generally at 40 °~70 °
Layer is barren, the covering of a small amount of weeds, based on erosion degree is corroded with intensity, pole strength, erosion type with mass erosion rush down slip and
Based on the rill erosion of water erosion.The extensive sloping upland and residual plateau face that third area is more than height above sea level 2200m, are basin areas
Interior clay, lam, silt and the most region of Organic Matter Loss, based on erosion degree is corroded with intensity, moderate, erosion type
Advanced with the ditch head of water erosion (coombe, rill), based on the erosion of bottom of trench incision knead dough, the landslide for also having a small amount of mass erosion collapses
It collapses.Compare in terms of downstream sediment source, the firstth area, second area's landslip, which rush down, slips main offer coarse particulate matter, third
Area mainly provides the thin particulate matters such as clay.According to investigations, 9 landslides are dispersed in basin, area reaches 3.19km2, slip mass body
About 47,930,000 m of product3, the bulk solid mass amount of recent activity is up to 25,260,000 m3；The bulk solids object slipped with gully erosion is rushed down in avalanche
About 520,000 m of quality3；About 22,500,000 m of silt stone accumulated in tap drain bed3, can be started to form diluted debris flow by flood erosion
About 3,600,000 m of bulk solid mass amount3.Structural unit residing for Tao wife and children's river valleies is Chuan Diannanbei by " geomechanics " viewpoint
The big Baihe of Xiaojiang fault Shu Dongzhi to structural belt east is broken and epsilon structural system western wing in Zhanyi County's is driven, and gulf reflex arc is handed over
Socket part position, the small river auxiliary fault in 3 nearly north-souths and Zhanyi County's epsilon structural system tomography of 2 approximately EWs are flowing respectively
The downstream in domain, midstream and upstream vertically cross, the former causes top-down fault block high mountain and differential fluctuation, and the strong of the latter is cut
Cutting makes tap drain be developed substantially along fault line.It is squeezed by the mutual cutting of the tomography of two kinds of different times difference stress, causes to flow
Brittle property rock stratum developmental joint fissure, catalase in domain based on limestone, dolomite can't bear, weathering and erosion is serious, tomography
It crosses area kataclastics and mylonite is seen everywhere.Meanwhile the cutting of tomography make under cover weak and bad hydraulic permeability shale, plaster
Rock, coal measure strata etc. in addition underground water blends the factors such as frequent earthquake along under joint fissure, are finally led in the exposure of tap drain two sides
Cause landslip activity and fierce soil erosion.Height above sea level difference reaches 1974m in the area of basin, and topography east northeast is high, Nan Xi is low, water system
It is developed in dendroid, entire watershed morphology accounts for 2/3rds of drainage area in typical sector, upstream, and catchment area reaches
50km2, two sides slope terrain is steep, and sink is even more overhanging cliff clearly to trouble section, causes the precipitation of upstream and two sides quick
Ground concentration is imported into tap drain, and flood presentation, which is risen suddenly and sharply, to break, and makes topsoil, silt and the organic matter in the sheet sloping upland of upstream
A large amount of to be lost in, the steep two sides of middle and lower reaches are difficult to keep moisture, so as to which a large amount of silts and soil are taken away by flood.Pottery man river category
In little Jiang basins, special topography and geomorphology creates special weather conditions, has that vertical zoning weather is apparent, dry and wet season point
Bright, the characteristics of isolated storm is strong.Annual 5~October is rainy season, and precipitation accounts for the 88% of annual gross precipitation；6~August precipitation
It more concentrates, multiple spot heavy rain accounts for more than 50% annual precipitation.And a large amount of precipitation is that have with the difference of absolute elevation
Its special distribution, the drainage area annual precipitations of middle and upper reaches 70% are 850~1200mm, and mostly local heavy rain.Also
It is to say, the 88% of annual rainfall concentrates on the drainage area of middle and upper reaches 70%, in addition the factors such as steep landform, final
As a result it is exactly that a heavy rain once quickly converges, forms the flood to break that once rises suddenly and sharply, bring up primary typical soil erosion,
Topsoil, silt and the organic matter of the drainage area of middle and upper reaches 70% is mainly made to be lost to downstream with flood, and make downstream river
Bed constantly siltation is raised.The forest in downstream cuts down the make charcoal extensive resource of copper metallurgy of firewood due to Dongchuan and opens in history in Tao wife and children's river valleies
Hair constantly damages, the only a small amount of forest of surplus middle and upper reaches before generation nineteen fifty, as Great Leap Forward mass movement to make iron and steel and population increase pair
Arable land, the expanded demand of fuel, poverty makes the continuous deforestation of local farmers, and afforestation rate is 15.5% at present with opening up wasteland kind.It is gloomy
Woods is cut down to a certain extent, and shrubbery and grass are by by as fuel, cultivation livestock has trampleed on meadow, created in basin and divide at present again
Cloth it is most wide be exactly deserted mountain barren hill and sloping upland.For positive effect of the vegetation in terms of prevention soil and water loss and mud-rock flow, generation
Boundary various regions scientific and technical personnel have a large amount of research and a specific conclusion, the soil and water conservation benefit of vegetation be first forest, secondly
Careless quilt, and Tao wife and children's river valley the most lacking is also forest and careless quilt, then fierce soil erosion and scale Landslide Debris-flow Hazard
It is just inevitable.Widely distributed 1572.7hm in the area of basin2Sloping upland, it is and most of in middle and upper reaches area, not into
Going hillside fields changes terraced fields and the betterment of land, and cultivation mode does not also improve.Due to productivity is backward, under the low output of arable land, population
Factors, the poverty such as increase and annoying local farmers always, it is exactly increase arable land phase by every means to earn money in addition to immigrant laborers
Prestige is made the life better state, and the sloping upland area more than 25 ° is caused constantly to expand, hillside fields is all even opened up wasteland on slip mass and is ploughed
Kind.Steep-sloping land one meets heavy rain, and soil and nutrient loss are extremely serious, and the formation for mud-rock flow provides a large amount of fine particle
Matter.In addition, upper level ground and the clear flume of sink due to building are general Tu Qu, leak and cave in seriously, in addition weak
Shale, marl, the coal measure strata of water become sliding surface, and the bulk solids that wet two sides tomography cuts formation strongly are invaded in lower infiltration
Substance reduces shearing strength, leads to landslide and avalanche activity, and a large amount of silt, stone collapse in river, make the agriculture of downstream two sides
Field faces Sediment Disaster.Extreme disaster caused by soil erosion is exactly landslide and mud-rock flow in basin, and a large amount of mud is caused on landslide
Sandstone block is concentrated and is promptly lost in ditch bed, forms higher free face, loses the village lower part being located near landslide
Powerful support, house crack are tilted or are collapsed, and are gently then influenced peasant and are normally lived, the heavy then disaster that causes casualties.Landslide
After a large amount of bulk solid mass formed are pooled to ditch bed, starting is washed away by flood, rolls downwards along ditch bed, stir last shape
It is buried into mud-rock flow silt and raises river, threatens two sides village safety.Landslide threaten safe village from bottom to top main You Zhong villages,
Ka Li villages, sink are clear, Xiong Jia villages, three-family village, white clay village, the cold wind mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo, steep stone dam, wheatland, new field, water section, rotten base room etc., by
Ka Li villages, sink be clear most serious of all for calamity, white clay village, wheatland, water section, peasant lived in due to being covered with caused by landslide
It is alarmed all day to subsist in the dilapidated house in crack.As water section landslide threatens the security of the lives and property of 133 family, 545 people, in June, 1997
43 houses breaking-ups, 11 family, 38 people is caused within 26th to be forced to move.Mainly there is the sub- field in gulf, big in the village that mud-rock flow threatens from bottom to top
Tian Ba, upper Cha He and rotten base room, are respectively positioned on tap drain two sides, and since sediment siltation raises riverbed, debris flow occurrence easily impacts village
The village, especially upper Cha He and rotten base room, riverbed is concordant with village house, and the security of the lives and property of peasant cannot get effectively
It ensures.It deposits rapidly in the river that the serious soil erosion of pottery man river and scale Landslide Debris-flow Hazard create more than the exit or entrance of a clitch nearly 5km
It raises, has all silted Dongchuan District water conservancy economy vital engineering up and represented unity canal water intaking dam effective storage, silt has buried part and fetched water
Facility has increased water intaking dam, 2 transformation water intake facilities for 4 times between short 10 years, increases the silt content of water intaking greatly, into
Siltation is caused to reduce inflow-rate of water turbine again after entering channel, silt represents unity canal mating power station the unit in peach ditch power station generates strongly
Abrasion, reduce the service life.Between only more than 10 years caused by unity canal key water control project direct economic loss just up to more than 1,640 ten thousand
Member.From upstream Lan Ji rooms hereinafter, upper Cha He, wheatland, new field, white clay village, Xiong Jia villages, sink be clear, Ka Li villages, upper level ground etc. are more
Human livestock drinking water facility or the Irrigation Ditch annual rainy season in a village are intended to because of soil erosion and landslide by different degrees of
Breaking-up or become silted up bury or destroy by rush of water, direct economic loss is up to more than 40 ten thousand yuan.The highway in Kunming to Dongchuan passes through from the exit or entrance of a clitch, 1993
Highway passed through out of ditch on sandy beach in the past, and rainy season often causes vehicle to be absorbed among silt, and road traffic congestion of breaking often occurs.1993
Year has built the highway bridge of 6m high, and since sediment siltation is strengthened year by year, the high only surplus 2.5m high of existing highway bridge, service life contracts significantly
It is short.The railway siding in Kunming to Dongchuan passes through from exit or entrance of a clitch west bank, since a large amount of silts of pottery man river cause river into the big Baihe
Bed is raised, and railway improved more than 20 meters of reconstruction in 2000 in the range of pottery man Xiaohegou mouth up and down nearly 10km, and the fund of consuming is about
More than 1800 ten thousand yuan.Originally had from the exit or entrance of a clitch along riverbed the sensible sink of country road it is clear under, but with mud-stone flow disaster expansion and
Silted by mud and sand, the highway have broken the several years.Upstream area has country road to distinguish the sensible white clay pool, upper trouble from country government of driving
River, but annual rainy season can hardly all be passed through during rainy season by different degrees of breaking-up, the maintenance cost that rainy season is expended later
With up to more than 20 ten thousand yuan.From the exit or entrance of a clitch to Ka Li villages lower part up in the river of 6km, nearby peasant once opened up wasteland before nineteen ninety
About 120hm2Paddy field, with soil erosion and the aggravation of landslide, per being damaged every year, existing only remaining 40.7hm2。
Upper trouble one band of river is also once sporadicly dispersed with hm more than 102Paddy field is all buried by the silt of silt stone.Along the big Baihe in exit or entrance of a clitch west bank
Original hm more than 502Good farmland is also due to sediment siltation becomes barren beach.The ground such as Ka Li villages, sink are clear, water section, rotten base room, new field because
Landslip endangers sloping upland about 150hm2, the sloping upland directly damaged has 32hm2.Tao wife and children river valley is big from middle and upper reaches distribution
Piece forest cover is only 15.5% to current afforestation rate, only experienced for more than 50 years.The In The Middle And Lower Reaches in present basin
Vegetation is seldom, and upstream area sloping upland area is constantly expanding, and landslip and mud-stone flow disaster are more and more frequent, large area
Soil erosion and underwater bed siltation are raised rapid, harm and are aggravated, population growth, cultivated area, the mode of production, fuel feeding aggregate it
Between aggravation of contradictions.Fragile geological environment, steep topography and geomorphology, special weather conditions, low vegetative coverage, extensively
Cultivation on steep slope, cause arable land water, soil, fertilizer be lost in, specific yield is not high, landslip is movable, artificial afforestration difficulty increase, plant
Speed is resumed less than soil erosion growth rate, field irrigation and water conservancy degree is low, traffic is not smooth, fuel feeding aggregate lacks, people
Dysdipsia, poverty life of peasants are raiseeed, ecological environment has deteriorated.It is relied primarily on for pottery man river is such a poor
For the basin of agricultural production, soil erosion and scale Landslide Debris-flow Hazard damage farmland, cause some areas cultivated area rapid
It reduces, peasant accelerates abrupt slope cultivation after losing the basic means of production and delays slip mass upward slope Cropland also woods again, caused
It is the vicious circle of " soil erosion represents that farmland is reduced and represents that poor expression cultivation on steep slope represents soil erosion ".Pottery man small river
Domain is also only in the starting stage currently without comprehensive improvement, water and soil conservation is put into.Since nineteen ninety-nine, Dongchuan District
Bureau of Water Resources and debris flow research institute have carried out entire basin preliminary planning, and are built in river at the Ka Li villages of downstream
1 check dam, engineering divides the fourth phase to implement, existing height of dam has reached 15m, has retained about 1,000,000 m3Silt, Partial controll
The avalanche of two sides.Huize County country government of driving in upstream a small range close and manages and protects and plant trees since 2000,
Local topography increases a small amount of thin young growth, strengthens the publicity in terms of water and soil conservation and ecological environment.Now, peasant is to " complete
It is face, coordination, sustainable " scientific development idea have certain understanding, water and soil conservation and eco-environmental evolvement are enhanced.So
And the taken separately Yi Shang water-and-soil conservation measures in Dongchuan District and Huize County, some areas in basin are all confined to, suffering from does not have
A large amount of fund of administering carries out water and soil conservation, integrated control of debris flow from biology, engineering, agro-farming etc. and improves the poor of peasant
Tired state.The benefit that the measure of implementation plays is short-term, influences to be also local, single control measures to be cup water after all
Che Xin, input and overall consideration without concentration are also not enough to solve the problems, such as the soil erosion in entire basin and frequently slide
Slope mud-stone flow disaster.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is：The severe water and soil erosion of Tao wife and children's river valleies, landslide calamity
Evil it is more, cause plough water, soil, fertilizer be lost in, specific yield is not high, landslip is movable, artificial afforestration difficulty increase, vegetation it is extensive
Complex velocity is less than soil erosion growth rate, field irrigation and water conservancy degree are low, traffic is not smooth, fuel feeding aggregate lacks, people and animals' drink
Water is difficult, poverty life of peasants, and ecological environment has deteriorated.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of Tao wife and children river waters to protect comprehensive processing method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of Tao wife and children river water protects comprehensive processing method, the Tao wife and children river water protects synthesis
Administering method includes：
Step 1 according to check dam, consolidates every engineering measure structure size such as bed dam, check dam, drainage groove, water channel, with reference to
Engineering construction place situation calculates relevant regulations according to water and soil conservation and hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering amount and calculates quantities；
Step 2, Methods in Slop Improvement, water and soil conservation afforestation, fruit forest zones；The remaining deserted mountain of water and soil conservation afforestation is waste in watershed
Slope and hardly possible are manually closed using the thin young growth implementation in ground and part to be managed and protected；Conservation tillage measure is implemented to gentle slope land, abrupt slope is ploughed
Implement plant shield ridge measure in ground；
Step 3, sandy beach is transformed into paddy field after drainage groove construction；Downstream river course builds Building Materials Factory, exploits the river sand of siltation
And gravel；The fish of the hot spring cultivation of highway bridge exposure in exit or entrance of a clitch southern side, comprehensive exploitation is into the farmers' garden of amusement and travel and cultivation
Economic benefit is created in base.
Further, the Control Engineering standard and flow rate calculation formula：
1. Q=Kp·M·F2/3·1.2；
2. Q=0.278 ψ Sp/tn·F；
3. Q=0.278aSp·F；
In formula：Q represents crest discharge (m3/s)；KpRepresent the multiple proportion coefficient of design frequency；M represents maximum flood average for many years
Peak modulus；F represents catchment area (km2)；Ψ represents runoff coefficient of flood peak；SpRepresent the storm intensity (mm/h) under design frequency；
T represents that confluence lasts (h)；N represents heavy rain damped expoential；A represents Watershed Runoff coefficient；
Tao wife and children river debris flow and landslips are calculated according to diluted debris flow formula rule, and mud-rock flow unit weight takes γc=1.5t/m3,
Mud-rock flow solid matter ratio refetches γH=2.7t/m3；
Formula is：Qc=Q (1+ Φ)
In formula：QcRepresent debris flow and landslips (m3/s)；Q represents different frequency crest discharge (m3/s)；Φ represents that mud-rock flow is repaiied
Positive coefficient Φ=(γcRepresent 1)/(γHRepresent γc)；γcRepresent mud-rock flow unit weight (t/m3)；γHRepresent solids in mud-rock flow
Matter proportion (t/m3)。
Further, the check dam is laid in respectively in water section, new field, wheatland, the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo 11 coombes and Zhigou, and totally 66
Seat；Pattern is mortar stone check dam, clear height 2m, and 3~16 are differed in every Zhigou, and being connected to give mutual protection reaches ditch head and prevent
Shield；
The fixed River Bank Erosion datum level, cooperation check dam retain silt, in Cha He, wheatland and the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo landslide foot
Solid Chuan Ba 13,2~5m of clear height are built in three sections of tap drain roads；
The check dam forms staged bed longitudinal slope；
The drainage groove lays 2300m below the sub- field in gulf, and unity canal water intaking dam is deployed under the sub- field in gulf；Using rib bank
Slot, design longitudinal slope are 2.46%, and flow section is 20 × 2.5m of rectangle, and rib bank spacing is 30m；Slot foundation of wall uses C15 grades of concretes
It pours, slot wall wall body is built by laying bricks or stones using M10 grades of stone masonries, and rib bank and vertical skirt basis use C20 grades of concrete placings；Drainage groove both sides are whole
Backfill into earth embankment；Stem builds 3m high and consolidates bed dam, is in trumpet type in plane；Gu bed dam foundation plinth uses C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body is
M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones.
The water channel canal bottom uses C20 grades of concrete placings, and canal wall is built by laying bricks or stones using M7.5 grades of stone masonries, plastered with cement mortar.
Further, the check dam specifically includes：
1# check dams, in wheatland Zhigou, silt and both sides landslide ditch bank, dam clear height in control Zhigou are 8m,
The high 2m of harbour, basic depth 3m, the long 44m of dam crest, the long 30m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1m, the wide 2.0m of dam crest, dam bottom width 6.8m.It adopts on basis
With C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body is that M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones；
2# check dams, in trouble stream, water section~new field landslide slope foot；Dam clear height is 20m, the high 3m of harbour, and basis is deep
4m, the long 69m of dam crest, the long 40m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 20m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body
It is built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries；
3# check dams, in Cha He and the following tap drain road of wheatland Zhigou river conjunction, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour,
Basic depth 3m, the long 38.6m of dam crest, the long 25m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m；Basis uses C15
Grade concrete placings, dam body are built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries；
4# check dams, in the tap drain road of Xiong Jia villages lower part, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, and dam crest is long
56m, the long 24m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body
M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones；
5# check dams, in the tap drain road of Xiong Jia villages landslide tail portion, dam clear height is 20m, the high 4m of harbour, basic depth 4m,
The long 113.5m of dam crest, the long 15m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 20m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body
It is built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries；
6# check dams, in the tap drain road under the clear village of sink, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, dam
Push up long 50m, the long 22m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 9m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, M7.5 grades of dam body
Stone masonry is built by laying bricks or stones；
7# check dams, in the tap drain road that the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo comes down under tail portion, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, and basis is deep
3m, the long 62.5m of dam crest, the long 40m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m；It is poured using C15 grades of concretes on basis
It builds, dam body is built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries.
Further, the water and soil conservation afforestation specifically includes：
High forest：Build Timber stands 187.7hm2；Type of Forest Land be arbor mixed forest, upstream Tree Species Selection Huashan pine, cloud
Poplar, eucalyptus, bamboo, white popinac acacia rachii are closed by Nan Song, downstream Tree Species Selection middle forest U.S.；Land preparation mode is level-terrace site preparation, and rank is wide
0.7m；Afforestation mode is planting by stock, and ground diameter 0.6cm, density is 4995 plants/hm2；
Firewood forests：Firewood forests 1374.5hm is built in large stretch of deserted mountain barren hill of middle and upper reaches2, Type of Forest Land is that shrub mixes friendship
Woods, seeds are according to height above sea level and edaphic condition selection cuckoo, Quercus acutissima, arrow bamboo, cluster bamboo, Coriaria sinica, aalii, small sparrow flower, akeake, hardship
Thorn, paulownia fiber crops, olive；Land preparation mode is cave-shaped site preparation, digs pool diameter 0.4m；Afforestation mode be direct seeding forestation, density for 6660 pools/
hm2。
Further, the fruit forest zones are in the location in middle and upper reaches water section, close village, construction fruit tree woods 46.8hm2；Seeds select
Chinese holy peach, walnut, Chinese chestnut are selected, land preparation mode is big pool site preparation, and diameter × hole depth=0.8 × 0.8m, afforestation mode is plants seedlings
Afforestation, ground diameter 1.0cm, density are 750 plants/hm2。
Further, the Grazing ban, water and soil conservation, which is afforested, in watershed remaining deserted mountain barren hill and difficult utilizes ground and portion
Thin young growth is divided to implement artificial close to manage and protect, area 3418hm2；
Leading factor：Whole year is taken to close to manage and protect, sets up and closes mark, late fall orderly opens, and allows villager in forester
It mows, prune to woodland under effective supervision and management of member, according to revegetation situation rotation of closing and grazing periods after treating 3 years；
Tending management：Using slash, plantation forage grass, medicinal material, culture edible mushroom.
Further, to 528.8hm2Gentle slope land implements conservation tillage measure, to 51.6hm2Steep-sloping land implement plant
Protect ridge measure；
Contour farming, the plantation of ditch ridge：It is cultivated on the slope by contour direction, slope surface is made to form countless horizontal ploughs
Ditch, during plantation ridging form the alternate ground of ditch ridge into ridge, surface runoff is retained in segmentation；
Between kind, interplanting：Make between dense short stalk crop and the long-stalked crop of sparsely grow, planted between deep rooted plant and shallow root, it is precocious
It is planted between crop and late-maturing crop, enjoys light and planted between crop and the cloudy crop of happiness, cereal crops are interplanted with legume, cereal crops and warp
Help crop, Intercropping grass；
Plant protects the ridge：In spring and summer in Planting Fast-growing herbaceous plant on the field bund of sloping upland field side.
The present invention realizes effective control of mud-rock flow and landslide disaster, reduces mud-rock flow frequency, reduces debris flow scale.
Under the premise of no violent earthquake and extra torrential rain, make disastrous mud-rock flow does not occur in tap drain；Heavy rain is met within 50 years one not occur
Big flood harm, the heavy rain met does not cause apparent flood to endanger within 20 years one.To ensure Ka Li villages, sink clear, white clay village, small
The villages people life property safeties such as wheat field, water section, protection water conservancy, traffic, farmland safety, hence it is evident that mitigate sediment siltation to group
Tie the harm of canal and highway bridge.
Present invention alleviates soil erosion and sediment siltation, by biology, engineering, agro-farming, the various control measures such as close,
Area of controlling soil erosion reaches 50km2, improvement degree reaches 70%, and the intensity of soil erosion is down to be corroded and a small amount of strong with moderate
Based on degree corrodes, full basin water-soil is made to be lost in average erosion modulus by the 8964t/km before administering2A is reduced to 6200t/km2·
A or so；Control landslip activity more than 50%, retain and stablize in ditch bed more than 80% silt, make grain size>
The coarse sediment of 0.1mm is rested in the raceway groove more than sub- field in gulf.
Present invention improves ecological environments and tillage condition, and water and soil conservation firewood forests, water are greatly developed on the barren hill of deserted mountain
Timber stands is built in condition good ditch bank area in source, and the sloping upland larger to the local gradient carries out the plant shield ridge, vast sloping upland
Upper implementation conservation tillage builds fruit tree woods on the good gentle slope tableland of water and fertilizer condition, to the difficult deserted mountain barren hill of afforestation and difficult utilizes
Ground implements Grazing ban and restores careless quilt, strives for that Middle And Upper Reaches is made to reach Qiao, fill, the ecosystem more coordinated that grass is combined
System.
The present invention has developed agricultural economy and has uplifted the people's living standard, and the sloping upland of Middle And Upper Reaches implements conservation tillage
Carrying out soil conservation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation increases yield, and plantation fruit tree woods increases peasant economy income, and Timber stands provides timber, spinney carries
Feed is provided for grass after fuel, field bund kind grass offer fertilizer, Grazing ban, progressively reaches the sustainable development of the ecosystem.
Lower Reaches develop paddy field in river two sides to make up short-commons, concede the land to forestry, open to the sloping upland on landslip
Hair hot spring resource is for going on tour and cultivating, and silt is as construction material by the use of in river, to make full use of resource
Create economic benefit, the living standard for improving the people.
The extreme disaster of the conservation of soil and water of the present invention represents mud-rock flow and landslide, hence it is evident that mitigates soil erosion amount, effectively
Protect the safety in village, water conservancy, traffic, farmland；In the base with sloping upland tillage condition, farm irrigation facility of improving the ecological environment
On plinth, water and soil (sand) resource is developed and used, is developed the economy with the living standard for improving the local people masses.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that Tao wife and children river water provided in an embodiment of the present invention protects comprehensive processing method flow chart.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The present invention proceeds from the reality, and gives top priority to what is the most important, and takes up a vital point, comprehensive planning；Because evil set up defences, adaptation to local conditions, scientifically
Biological control measure, engineering measure and agricultural measures are organically combined, reach comprehensive treatment soil erosion purpose；Enhance emphatically
Key dam for gully harness solves silt and Landslide Problems, while keypoint treatment soil erosion and mud-rock flow, restores basin woods grass
Vegetation improves the tillage method of sloping upland and enhancing soil conservation fertilizer conservation water holding capacity, strengthens administering the Exploiture of cropland and water conservancy in later stage
Facilities protection；Ecological benefits, social benefit are combined with economic benefit, under the premise of conserving water and soil, do a good job of it economic benefit, are increased
Add masses' income, the masses is made to shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, revitalize local economy, accomplish that water and soil conservation is combined with shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity, economic effect of residing
Beneficial in control measures, it is ensured that comprehensive treatment success.According to Tao wife and children's river valley concrete conditions and local economy, society, ecology
The needs of construction, according to " putting prevention first, comprehensive planning, integrated control, adaptation to local conditions give prominence to the key points, embody benefit ", " water and soil
Soil erosion treatment with water and soil resources utilization be combined " guiding theory and principle watershed carry out integrated management planning.It follows
The natural law by science and technology, fully mobilizes the local masses, river pottery man of river pottery man of river pottery man of pottery man river synthesis
It administers and combines closely with local economic development and shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity, strive for making after improvement it to be increasingly becoming an affluence, beautiful
River pottery man of river pottery man of pottery man river.
The application principle of the present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Include the following steps as shown in Figure 1, Tao wife and children river water provided in an embodiment of the present invention protects comprehensive processing method：
S101：According to every engineering measure structure size such as check dam, solid bed dam, check dam, drainage groove, water channel, with reference to work
Journey enforcement place situation calculates relevant regulations according to water and soil conservation and hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering amount and calculates quantities；
S102：Methods in Slop Improvement, water and soil conservation afforestation, fruit forest zones；The remaining deserted mountain barren hill of water and soil conservation afforestation in watershed
Implement manually to close using the thin young growth in ground and part with hardly possible and manage and protect；Conservation tillage measure is implemented to gentle slope land, to steep-sloping land
Implement plant shield ridge measure；
S103：Sandy beach is transformed into paddy field after drainage groove construction；Downstream river course build Building Materials Factory, exploit siltation river sand and
Gravel；The fish of the hot spring cultivation of highway bridge exposure in exit or entrance of a clitch southern side, comprehensive exploitation is into the farmers' garden of amusement and travel and cultivates base
Economic benefit is created on ground.
The application principle of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment.
The needs that the embodiment of the present invention is produced according to water and soil conservation, prevention scale Landslide Debris-flow Hazard and developing agricultural, make stream
Domain soil erosion and mud-rock flow are effectively prevented, and agricultural production obtains large development, and rural economy further improves.With reference to stream
Domain area actual conditions prevent the experience of mud-rock flow " steady, block, arrange " according to Dongchuan, in accordance with " because ground is set up defences, adaptation to local conditions, emphasis are prevented
Control " etc. principles, attached most importance in serious erosion of soil and water and the mud-rock flow area that takes place frequently with tap drain road Zhi Gou dams system major project, in centering
Trip deserted mountain barren hill largely builds firewood forests, to improve sloping upland agro-farming measure as breach, is aided with Timber stands and fruit tree woods, concentrates
Slope surface soil erosion is administered in flakes, carries out to close extensively and manage and protect, builds basic farmland, is developed and used water, husky resource, is reached improvement
Target.
1st, gully control engineering works
(1) Control Engineering standard and flow rate calculation
Pottery family's Xiaohegou road treatment measures are mainly prevention soil and water loss and scale Landslide Debris-flow Hazard, protect littoral village
The village and downstream water conservancy, traffic, farmland safety safety, prevention standard was designed using 20 year return period flood, 50 return periods flood
Water is checked.Using《Yunnan Province's hydrologic manual》Method, Shui Ke institutes rational formula (i.e. hydrology institute method) and《Soil erosion and its Synthetic
Reason》Method of introduction etc. carries out crest discharge calculating respectively, calculation formula it is following respectively (using little Jiang basins feature as mainly according to
According to)：
1. Q=Kp·M·F2/3·1.2；
2. Q=0.278 ψ Sp/tn·F；
3. Q=0.278aSp·F；
In formula：Q represents crest discharge (m3/s)；KpRepresent the multiple proportion coefficient of design frequency；M represents maximum flood average for many years
Peak modulus；F represents catchment area (km2)；Ψ represents runoff coefficient of flood peak；SpRepresent the storm intensity (mm/h) under design frequency；
T represents that confluence lasts (h)；N represents heavy rain damped expoential；A represents Watershed Runoff coefficient.
Watershed parameters are from 1 in calculating：Measured on 25000 topographic maps, hydrologic parameter from《Yunnan Province's hydrologic manual》And Dongchuan
It looks into and takes in area's hydrological data.It calculates by each formula contrast, is analyzed with reference to actual conditions in basin, it is believed that《Yunnan Province's hydrology hand
Volume》Method comparison of computational results is moderate, therefore uses in the design.Flood discharge is shown in Table 1.
1 flood discharge computational chart of table
It is with reference to mud-rock flow development and loosely solid by analyzing forefathers' survey data and to the entire basin inspection of the scene of a crime
The combined factors such as body substance consider that Tao wife and children river debris flow and landslips are calculated according to diluted debris flow formula rule, mud-rock flow unit weight
Take γc=1.5t/m3, mud-rock flow solid matter ratio refetches γH=2.7t/m3。
Formula is：Qc=Q (1+ Φ)
In formula：QcRepresent debris flow and landslips (m3/s)；Q represents different frequency crest discharge (m3/s)；Φ represents that mud-rock flow is repaiied
Positive coefficient Φ=(γcRepresent 1)/(γHRepresent γc)；γcRepresent mud-rock flow unit weight (t/m3)；γHRepresent solids in mud-rock flow
Matter proportion (t/m3)。
According to selected parameter by above-mentioned formula calculate debris flow and landslips are shown in Table 2.
2 debris flow and landslips computational chart of table
(2) check dam engineering design
Gully erosion, the serious Zhigou of avalanche, build check dam group in basin, the exhibition of ditch hair and ditch bank to be controlled to expand,
Avalanche is reduced, stablizes the bulk solid mass in ditch bed, prevents it from entering and debris flow is participated in tap drain road.Check dam distinguishes cloth
It is located in water section, new field, wheatland, the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo 11 coombes and Zhigou, totally 66.Pattern is mortar stone check dam, clear height 2m, often
3~16 are differed in Zhigou, and being connected to give mutual protection reaches gully head protection.Check dam structure design is according to conservation technology
Specification carries out modular design, and structure size is shown in Table 3 tables and structure chart.
(3) solid bed dam engineering design
To stablize a large amount of silt stones that landslip is formed in tap drain road, fixed River Bank Erosion datum level prevents riverbed
Incision controls the solid matter that siltation stops in tap drain road not revealed the inside story by flood and starts participation debris flow again, and cooperation is blocked
Sand bar retains silt, the solid Chuan Ba 13 of construction in three sections of tap drain roads such as Cha He, wheatland and the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo landslide foot, and clear height 2~
5m, structure design carry out modular design according to the built debris flow control works experience in Dongchuan, and structure size refers to table 3 and structure
Figure.
3 check dam of table, solid bed dam engineering structure size list position：m
(4) check dam engineering design
Since landslip main in basin is all distributed in tap drain two sides, the formation for mud-stone flow disaster provides mainly
Solid matter basis, make a large amount of silt that deposited in ditch bed, therefore emphasis landslide foot and sediment trapping storage capacity are larger in tap drain road
Location build check dam engineering, retain silt stone, raise groove channel erosion datum level, prevent ditch bed continue incision, after back-silting
Raceway groove is made to become wide slow, silt, which floods landslide foot, makes landslide free face disappear, and avoids flood erosion sapping slope foot, reduces
It lets out under silt and damages to downstream, control the formation and development of mud-stone flow disaster.From the honest and upright and thrifty 10km long of the downward screw clamp of water section
Raceway groove in, rock foundation preferable location is selected to lay 7 check dams altogether, with the built Ka Li villages 15m high sediment trappings in Dongchuan District
Dam forms tap drain check dam system, slows down the raceway groove longitudinal slope between adjacent two dams, forms staged bed longitudinal slope, alleviates mud
The impact force of rock glacier prevents from letting out under stone and coarse sediment.
1. 1# check dams
In wheatland Zhigou, the main silt controlled in Zhigou and both sides landslide ditch bank.Dam clear height is 8m, and harbour is high
2m, basic depth 3m, the long 44m of dam crest, the long 30m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1m, the wide 2.0m of dam crest, dam bottom width 6.8m.Basis uses C15
Grade concrete placings, dam body is that M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones.
2. 2# check dams
2# check dams are located in trouble stream, water section~new field landslide slope foot.To raise ditch bed erosion basis, ditch bed is prevented
Continue incision, slow down ditch bed longitudinal slope, accelerate speed of back-silting, stablize landslide slope foot, control mud-rock flow material resource.Dam clear height be 20m, code
Head height 3m, basic depth 4m, the long 69m of dam crest, the long 40m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 20m.Basis uses C15
Grade concrete placings, dam body are built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries.
3. 3# check dams
3# check dams are located at Cha He in the following tap drain road of wheatland Zhigou river conjunction, preventing ditch bed from continuing incision, accelerate
It back-silts speed, slows down ditch bed longitudinal slope, raise local base level of erosion, control silt and both sides bank slump in ditch.Dam clear height is
10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, the long 38.6m of dam crest, the long 25m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width
8.5m.It is built by laying bricks or stones using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body for M7.5 grades of stone masonries on basis.
4. 4# check dams
4# check dams are located in the tap drain road of Xiong Jia villages lower part, to retain the solid matter let out under mud-rock flow, prevent ditch bed
Continue incision, raise local base level of erosion, accelerate speed of back-silting, stablize two sides slope foot, slow down ditch bed longitudinal slope, prevented after back-silting
White clay village landslide activity, inhibits the development of mud-rock flow.Dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, the long 56m of dam crest, dam bottom
Long 24m, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m.Basis is grouted using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body for M7.5 grades
Barnacle is built.
5. 5# check dams
5# check dams are located in the tap drain road of Xiong Jia villages landslide tail portion, prevent ditch bed from continuing incision, raise erosion basis,
Quickening is back-silted speed, is stablized landslide slope foot to reach, is slowed down ditch bed longitudinal slope, retain silt, controls two lateral sulcus banks and mud-rock flow
Development.Dam clear height is 20m, the high 4m of harbour, basic depth 4m, the long 113.5m of dam crest, the long 15m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, and dam crest is wide
3m, dam bottom width 20m.It is built by laying bricks or stones using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body for M7.5 grades of stone masonries on basis.
6. 6# check dams
6# check dams are located in the tap drain road under the clear village of sink, to retain silt, prevent ditch bed from continuing incision, accelerate
It back-silts speed, stablizes landslide slope foot, control two lateral sulcus bank avalanches and the development of mud-rock flow.Dam clear height be 10m, the high 3m of harbour, base
Plinth depth 3m, the long 50m of dam crest, the long 22m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 9m.Basis uses C15 grades of concrete placings,
M7.5 grades of stone masonries of dam body are built by laying bricks or stones.
7. 7# check dams
7# check dams are located in the tap drain road under the tail portion of sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo landslide, further retain silt, prevent under ditch bed from continuing
It cuts, stablizes landslide slope foot, slow down ditch bed longitudinal slope, control the development of mud-rock flow.Dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m,
The long 62.5m of dam crest, the long 40m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m.Basis uses C15 grades of concrete placings,
Dam body is built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries.
Above-mentioned 7 check dams are designed according to the built debris flow control works experience in Dongchuan, 20~30m models under dam
Interior setting door is enclosed, prevents from washing away sapping base of dam basis, protects the safe operation of check dam.
4 check dam engineering structure size list position of table：m
(5) drainage groove engineering design
To prevent flood and mud-rock flow from laying 2300m rows below the sub- field in gulf to downstream water conservancy, traffic, the harm in farmland
Guide groove detaches the water sand in raceway groove, so as to transform two sides sandy beach as farmland, develops and uses the river sand of siltation and hot spring money
Source, developing agricultural economy.Drainage groove was designed according to 20 year return period flood, and unity canal water intaking dam is deployed under the sub- field in gulf.It adopts
With the form of rib bank slot, design longitudinal slope is 2.46%, and flow section is 20 × 2.5m of rectangle, and rib bank spacing is 30m；Slot foundation of wall
Using C15 grades of concrete placings, slot wall wall body is built by laying bricks or stones using M10 grades of stone masonries, and rib bank and vertical skirt basis use C20 grades of concrete placings；Row
Guide groove both sides are all backfilled into earth embankment；Stem builds 3m high and consolidates bed dam, is in trumpet type in plane, regular to retain coarse sediment
River, conducive to collecting flood and mud-rock flow enters drainage groove；Gu bed dam foundation plinth uses C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body is M7.5 grades of slurries
Stone-laying is built by laying bricks or stones.
(6) water channel anti-seepage reinforcing engineering design
The sub- water channel of sink clear water canal and upper level ground is due in bad repair for many years, and all Tu Qu, most of location often cave in, canal
Interior siltation is serious, it is continuous to be leaked along journey, has been not normally functioning, leakage water infiltration hillside forms sink landslide clearly and Feng Jia level grounds
Landslide.To prevent from leaking, 4000m need to be leaked and the serious water channel that caves in carries out anti-seepage reinforcing transformation, it can positive normal open
Water is agricultural irrigation service, preferably plays benefit.Water channel canal bottom uses C20 grades of concrete placings, and canal wall uses M7.5 grades of stone masonries
It builds by laying bricks or stones, is plastered with cement mortar, refer to structure chart.
(7) construction road engineering
To ensure the implementation of harnessing project, middle and lower reaches engineering unit price is saved, needs to restore the exit or entrance of a clitch to the rural area of the clear 5km of sink
The materials such as highway, roping cement.
(8) quantities calculation
Implemented according to every engineering measure structure size, the incorporation engineering such as check dam, solid bed dam, check dam, drainage groove, water channel
Place situation calculates relevant regulations according to water and soil conservation and hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering amount and calculates quantities, the results are shown in Table 5.
5 quantities calculation result list position of table：m3
2nd, hillside works
(1) water and soil conservation is afforested
High forest：In upper water section, wheatland and downstream part water condition is good, area of thicker soil, construction material
Woods 187.7hm2.Type of Forest Land is arbor mixed forest, upstream Tree Species Selection Huashan pine, pinus yunnanensis, and downstream Tree Species Selection middle forest is beautiful
Close poplar, eucalyptus, bamboo, white popinac acacia rachii etc..Land preparation mode is level-terrace site preparation, the wide 0.7m of rank；Afforestation mode is planting by stock,
Ground diameter 0.6cm, density are 4995 plants/hm2。
Firewood forests：Firewood forests 1374.5hm is built in large stretch of deserted mountain barren hill of middle and upper reaches2, Type of Forest Land is that shrub mixes friendship
Woods, seeds are according to height above sea level and edaphic condition selection cuckoo, Quercus acutissima, arrow bamboo, cluster bamboo, Coriaria sinica, aalii, small sparrow flower, akeake, hardship
Thorn, paulownia fiber crops, olive etc..Land preparation mode is cave-shaped site preparation (circle), digs pool diameter 0.4m；Afforestation mode be direct seeding forestation, density
For 6660 pools/hm2。
(2) fruit forest zones
In the location in good, the close village of the local water and fertilizer condition such as middle and upper reaches water section, fruit tree woods 46.8hm is built2.Seeds select
Chinese holy peach, walnut, Chinese chestnut etc. are selected, land preparation mode is big pool site preparation, and diameter × hole depth=0.8 × 0.8m, afforestation mode is plants
Seedling is afforested, ground diameter 1.0cm, and density is 750 plants/hm2。
(3) Grazing ban
The remaining deserted mountain barren hill of water and soil conservation afforestation and hardly possible are manually closed using the thin young growth implementation in ground and part in watershed
It manages and protects, area 3418hm2.It prevents indiscriminate felling of trees, herd wantonly, to ensure that forest dredges the normal growth and shrub of young growth
The recovery of vegetation reduces and artificially causes deserted mountain barren hill and the difficult soil erosion using ground.
Leading factor：Whole year is taken to close to manage and protect, sets up and closes mark, late fall suitably can orderly open, and allow villager
It mows, prune to woodland under effective supervision and management of forester, envelope can suitably be taken turns according to revegetation situation after treating 3 years
Rotation grazing.
Tending management：Forester is arranged specially to manage and protect, inspects periodically tree growth situation, strengthens the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, it is special
It is not that No Open Flames in mountain forest, under the premise of tree growth and water and soil conservation is not influenced, slash can be used, plantation is raised
Grass, medicinal material, culture edible mushroom etc., promote a diversified economy.
(4) agro-farming measure
Basin middle and upper reaches have a large amount of sloping upland, are the main production grain bases of peasant, 528.8hm2 gentle slope lands are implemented
Conservation tillage measure, to 51.6hm2Steep-sloping land implement plant shield ridge measure, not only can reach fertilizer conservation of conserving water and soil, but also can carry
High sloping upland grain yield.Conservation tillage measure mainly uses contour strip cultivation, the plantation of ditch ridge and kind, interplanting method,
Plant shield ridge measure is mainly preserved soil moisture using field bund kind grass.
Contour farming, the plantation of ditch ridge：It is cultivated on the slope by contour direction, slope surface is made to form countless horizontal ploughs
Ditch, during plantation ridging form the alternate ground of ditch ridge into ridge, surface runoff is retained in segmentation, and reduction is washed away while can be preserved soil moisture, is conducive to
It is ventilated between long-stalked crop, promote plant growth and output increased, while achieve the effect that conserve water and soil.
Between kind, interplanting：In order to make full use of land resource and sunlight-heat reaources, according to the biological characteristics of crop, three-dimensional profit
With space and sunlight, the mode made between taking, interplanted increases covered ground, intercepts rainfall and slows down rainwash, increases soil
Power is infiltrated, improves yield.Common methods are such as：Make between dense short stalk crop and the long-stalked crop of sparsely grow, deep rooted plant and shallow root
Between plant, planted between early-maturing crop and late-maturing crop, enjoy light and planted between crop and the cloudy crop of happiness, cereal crops are interplanted with legume, grain
Food crop and industrial crops, Intercropping grass etc..
Plant protects the ridge：In spring and summer in Planting Fast-growing herbaceous plant on the field bund of sloping upland field side, field bund can be both afforested,
Again can the water conservation soil conservation shield ridge, can also into the ranks cutting as livestock beverage and organic fertilizer, as facet syndrom, black three leaf, Trifolium repense, buckwheat,
Great Ye beans, green manure etc.；Water condition it is good can also planting vegetable, such as frame beans, soya bean, millet dish；The gradient is steeper partly
Section can also plant the golden glow of high bar, and can not only be used for fuel can prevent field bund from caving in again.
3rd, development of resources is planned
(1) Exploiture of cropland is planned
Make pottery family's river existing 62hm in downstream2Sandy beach and 40.7hm2The paddy field unstable by state of debris flow disasters.To solve
The difficulty that downstream peasant farmland lacks, drainage groove are planned after building by remaining 55hm2Sandy beach is transformed into paddy field, makes full use of
The sunlight-heat reaources of dry-hot valley, and compared with 40.7hm2Grain and the winter as stable high yield are gradually improved together in paddy field
Early Vegetable Base, so as to improve the production and living state of downstream peasant.
(2) river sand development project
Deposited a large amount of silt in downstream river course, and riverbed is promoted to raise silt and buries farmland, unity canal water intaking hinge and highway
Bridge is urgent problem.Consider that sand grains gradation rationally, slightly sorts and psephicity is good, intensity meets construction material
It is required that accomplishing to change harmful to treasure, plan to build a Building Materials Factory at the exit or entrance of a clitch, exploit river sand and the gravel of siltation for every building work
Journey.The range of exploitation is extended also to along unity canal water intaking Ba Ku and the nearby big Baihe, with the utilization of shoal materials, not only
Remove water conservancy, traffic, farmland from because silt endangers increased maintenance cost, also add the final-period management of the built prevention and cure project in basin
Funds.
(3) hot spring development project
It is maximum flow spring in basin in hot spring (25 DEG C) dry-weather discharge 322.82L/s of exit or entrance of a clitch southern side highway bridge exposure
Eye.This hot spring constant water temperature, stability of flow, it is not far from Dongchuan urban area, and water quality it is good, without toxic mineral element, be cultivation
The best water source of the breedings freshwater fish such as Tilapia mossambica, moreover it is possible to ensure that cultivated fish pass the winter and do not endure cold, can comprehensive exploitation into stopping
The farmers' garden of spare time tourism and cultivation base 1hm2, create economic benefit.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Tao wife and children river water protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the Tao wife and children river water Bao Zonghezhilifangfabao
It includes：
Step 1, according to every engineering measure structure size such as check dam, solid bed dam, check dam, drainage groove, water channel, incorporation engineering
Enforcement place situation calculates relevant regulations according to water and soil conservation and hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering amount and calculates quantities；
Step 2, Methods in Slop Improvement, water and soil conservation afforestation, fruit forest zones；In watershed water and soil conservation afforest remaining deserted mountain barren hill and
Hardly possible is implemented manually to close using the thin young growth in ground and part to be managed and protected；Conservation tillage measure is implemented to gentle slope land, to steep-sloping land reality
Apply plant shield ridge measure；
Step 3, sandy beach is transformed into paddy field after drainage groove construction；Downstream river course builds Building Materials Factory, exploits the river sand and gravel of siltation
Stone；The fish of the hot spring cultivation of highway bridge exposure in exit or entrance of a clitch southern side develop into the farmers' garden and cultivation base of amusement and travel.
2. Tao wife and children river water as described in claim 1 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the Control Engineering standard and
Flow rate calculation formula：
1. Q=Kp·M·F2/3·1.2；
2. Q=0.278 ψ Sp/tn·F；
3. Q=0.278aSp·F；
In formula：Q represents crest discharge (m3/s)；KpRepresent the multiple proportion coefficient of design frequency；M represents the maximum flood peak mould that is averaged for many years
Number；F represents catchment area (km2)；Ψ represents runoff coefficient of flood peak；SpRepresent the storm intensity (mm/h) under design frequency；T tables
Show that confluence lasts (h)；N represents heavy rain damped expoential；A represents Watershed Runoff coefficient；
Tao wife and children river debris flow and landslips are calculated according to diluted debris flow formula rule, and mud-rock flow unit weight takes γc=1.5t/m3, mudstone
Stream solid matter ratio refetches γH=2.7t/m3；
Formula is：Qc=Q (1+ Φ)
In formula：QcRepresent debris flow and landslips (m3/s)；Q represents different frequency crest discharge (m3/s)；Φ represents mud-rock flow amendment system
Number Φ=(γcRepresent 1)/(γHRepresent γc)；γcRepresent mud-rock flow unit weight (t/m3)；γHRepresent solid matter ratio in mud-rock flow
Weight (t/m3)。
3. Tao wife and children river water as described in claim 1 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the check dam is laid in respectively
In water section, new field, wheatland, the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo 11 coombes and Zhigou, totally 66；Pattern is mortar stone check dam, clear height 2m, every branch
3~16 are differed in ditch, and being connected to give mutual protection reaches gully head protection；
The fixed River Bank Erosion datum level, cooperation check dam retain silt, in three sections of the foot in Cha He, wheatland and the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo landslide
Solid Chuan Ba 13,2~5m of clear height are built in tap drain road；
The check dam forms staged bed longitudinal slope；
The drainage groove lays 2300m below the sub- field in gulf, and unity canal water intaking dam is deployed under the sub- field in gulf；Using rib bank slot,
It is 2.46% to design longitudinal slope, and flow section is 20 × 2.5m of rectangle, and rib bank spacing is 30m；Slot foundation of wall is poured using C15 grades of concretes
It builds, slot wall wall body is built by laying bricks or stones using M10 grades of stone masonries, and rib bank and vertical skirt basis use C20 grades of concrete placings；Drainage groove both sides are all returned
Fill into earth embankment；Stem builds 3m high and consolidates bed dam, is in trumpet type in plane；Gu bed dam foundation plinth uses C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body M7.5
Grade stone masonry is built by laying bricks or stones；
The water channel canal bottom uses C20 grades of concrete placings, and canal wall is built by laying bricks or stones using M7.5 grades of stone masonries, plastered with cement mortar.
4. Tao wife and children river water as claimed in claim 3 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the check dam specifically wraps
It includes：
1# check dams, in wheatland Zhigou, control Zhigou in silt and both sides landslide ditch bank, dam clear height be 8m, harbour
High 2m, basic depth 3m, the long 44m of dam crest, the long 30m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1m, the wide 2.0m of dam crest, dam bottom width 6.8m；Basis uses
C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body are that M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones；
2# check dams, in trouble stream, water section~new field landslide slope foot；Dam clear height is 20m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 4m, dam
Push up long 69m, the long 40m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 20m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body
M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones；
3# check dams, in Cha He and the following tap drain road of wheatland Zhigou river conjunction, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basis
Deep 3m, the long 38.6m of dam crest, the long 25m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m；Basis uses C15 grades of concretes
It pours, dam body is built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries；
4# check dams, in the tap drain road of Xiong Jia villages lower part, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, the long 56m of dam crest,
The long 24m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m；Using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body is M7.5 grades on basis
Stone masonry is built by laying bricks or stones；
5# check dams, in the tap drain road of Xiong Jia villages landslide tail portion, dam clear height is 20m, the high 4m of harbour, basic depth 4m, dam crest
Long 113.5m, the long 15m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 20m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam body
M7.5 grades of stone masonries are built by laying bricks or stones；
6# check dams, in the tap drain road under the clear village of sink, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, and dam crest is long
50m, the long 22m in dam bottom, harbour top width 2m, the wide 3m of dam crest, dam bottom width 9m；Basis is grouted using C15 grades of concrete placings, M7.5 grades of dam body
Barnacle is built；
7# check dams, in the tap drain road that the sink mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo comes down under tail portion, dam clear height is 10m, the high 3m of harbour, basic depth 3m, dam
Push up long 62.5m, the long 40m in dam bottom, harbour top width 1.5m, the wide 2.5m of dam crest, dam bottom width 8.5m；Basis is using C15 grades of concrete placings, dam
Body is built by laying bricks or stones for M7.5 grades of stone masonries.
5. Tao wife and children river water as described in claim 1 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the water and soil conservation afforestation tool
Body includes：
High forest：Build Timber stands 187.7hm2；Type of Forest Land be arbor mixed forest, upstream Tree Species Selection Huashan pine, pinus yunnanensis,
Poplar, eucalyptus, bamboo, white popinac acacia rachii are closed by downstream Tree Species Selection middle forest U.S.；Land preparation mode is level-terrace site preparation, the wide 0.7m of rank；It makes
Woods mode is planting by stock, and ground diameter 0.6cm, density is 4995 plants/hm2；
Firewood forests：Firewood forests 1374.5hm is built in large stretch of deserted mountain barren hill of middle and upper reaches2, Type of Forest Land be shrub mixed forest, seeds
According to height above sea level and edaphic condition selection cuckoo, Quercus acutissima, arrow bamboo, cluster bamboo, Coriaria sinica, aalii, small sparrow flower, akeake, bitter thorn, paulownia it is numb,
Olive；Land preparation mode is cave-shaped site preparation, digs pool diameter 0.4m；Afforestation mode is direct seeding forestation, and density is 6660 pools/hm2。
6. Tao wife and children river water as described in claim 1 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the fruit forest zones are in middle and upper reaches
Water section, the location in close village, build fruit tree woods 46.8hm2；The holy peach of Tree Species Selection China, walnut, Chinese chestnut, land preparation mode is big
Pool site preparation, diameter × hole depth=0.8 × 0.8m, afforestation mode are planting by stock, and ground diameter 1.0cm, density is 750 plants/hm2。
7. Tao wife and children river water as described in claim 1 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that the Grazing ban, convection current
The remaining deserted mountain barren hill of water and soil conservation afforestation and hardly possible are manually closed using the thin young growth implementation in ground and part in domain manages and protects, and area is
3418hm2；
Leading factor：Whole year is taken to close to manage and protect, sets up and closes mark, late fall orderly opens, and allows villager forester's
It mows, prune to woodland under effective supervision and management, according to revegetation situation rotation of closing and grazing periods after treating 3 years；
Tending management：Using slash, plantation forage grass, medicinal material, culture edible mushroom.
8. Tao wife and children river water as described in claim 1 protects comprehensive processing method, which is characterized in that 528.8hm2Gentle slope land
Implement conservation tillage measure, to 51.6hm2Steep-sloping land implement plant shield ridge measure；
Contour farming, the plantation of ditch ridge：It is cultivated on the slope by contour direction, slope surface is made to form countless contour furrows, planted
Ridging forms the alternate ground of ditch ridge into ridge during plant, and surface runoff is retained in segmentation；
Between kind, interplanting：Make between dense short stalk crop and the long-stalked crop of sparsely grow, planted between deep rooted plant and shallow root, early-maturing crop
It is planted between late-maturing crop, enjoys light and planted between crop and the cloudy crop of happiness, cereal crops are interplanted with legume, and cereal crops make with economical
Object, Intercropping grass；
Plant protects the ridge：In spring and summer in Planting Fast-growing herbaceous plant on the field bund of sloping upland field side.
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| CN111639444A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for measuring and calculating sand blocking rate of debris flow blocking dam and application |
| CN112149314A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2020-12-29 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-sand reservoir capacity silt flushing simulation method based on virtual reservoir capacity correction |
| CN113647224A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating slope and soil layer differentiation |
| CN114324231A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽新宇环保科技股份有限公司 | River channel patrol full-spectrum water quality data analysis method |
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| CN111639444A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for measuring and calculating sand blocking rate of debris flow blocking dam and application |
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| CN112149314A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2020-12-29 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-sand reservoir capacity silt flushing simulation method based on virtual reservoir capacity correction |
| CN112149314B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-03-12 | 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-sand reservoir capacity silt flushing simulation method based on virtual reservoir capacity correction |
| CN113647224A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating slope and soil layer differentiation |
| CN114324231A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽新宇环保科技股份有限公司 | River channel patrol full-spectrum water quality data analysis method |
| CN114324231B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-11-03 | 安徽新宇环保科技股份有限公司 | Riverway patrol full-spectrum water quality data analysis method |
| CN115219682A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-21 | 武汉鸿榛园林绿化工程有限公司 | River water environment treatment monitoring and analyzing system based on artificial intelligence |
| CN115219682B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-02-20 | 武汉鸿榛园林绿化工程有限公司 | River course water environment treatment monitoring analysis system based on artificial intelligence |
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Application publication date: 20180622 |