CN108188500B - Automatic tapping device based on torque sensor and tapping method thereof - Google Patents

Automatic tapping device based on torque sensor and tapping method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108188500B
CN108188500B CN201810106206.0A CN201810106206A CN108188500B CN 108188500 B CN108188500 B CN 108188500B CN 201810106206 A CN201810106206 A CN 201810106206A CN 108188500 B CN108188500 B CN 108188500B
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China
Prior art keywords
torque
tapping
stepping motor
torque sensor
control system
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201810106206.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108188500A (en
Inventor
郑建明
胡亚卿
刘云韬
杨智
刘驰
马嘉明
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G1/00—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor
    • B23G1/16—Thread cutting; Automatic machines specially designed therefor in holes of workpieces by taps
    • B23G1/18—Machines with one working spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
    • B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
    • B23Q17/0966—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring a force on parts of the machine other than a motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • B23Q17/2404—Arrangements for improving direct observation of the working space, e.g. using mirrors or lamps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic tapping device based on a torque sensor, which comprises a lathe bed arranged on a base, wherein a drilling machine spindle and a stepping motor are arranged on the lathe bed, an output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the drilling machine spindle, a control system is also arranged between the drilling machine spindle and the stepping motor to realize electrical connection, the lower end of the drilling machine spindle is connected with the upper end shaft of the torque sensor, the lower end shaft of the torque sensor is connected with a screw tap chuck, the control system comprises a single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the torque sensor, the single chip microcomputer is also respectively connected with an upper, the invention also discloses a tapping method of the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor, and solves the problems that in the prior art, tapping efficiency is low and a tap is easy to break when small-diameter tapping is carried out.

Description

Automatic tapping device based on torque sensor and tapping method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thread machining, particularly relates to an automatic tapping device based on a torque sensor, and further relates to a tapping method of the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor.
Background
The screw coupling is one of the main forms of mechanical joining, and the machining of the internal thread is mainly performed by tapping. At present, when small-diameter tapping is carried out, manual tools are often adopted to complete the small-diameter tapping, the tapping method is low in efficiency, and due to the fact that tapping torque is unstable, the problem that a screw tap is broken easily is caused, and therefore the tapping device which is high in efficiency and stable in tapping quality is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic tapping device based on a torque sensor, and solves the problems that in the prior art, tapping efficiency is low when small-diameter tapping is carried out, and a screw tap is easy to break.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tapping method of a torque sensor-based automatic tapping apparatus.
The automatic tapping device comprises a lathe bed arranged on a base, wherein a drilling machine spindle and a stepping motor are arranged on the lathe bed, an output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the drilling machine spindle, a control system is arranged between the drilling machine spindle and the stepping motor to realize electrical connection, the lower end of the drilling machine spindle is connected with an upper end shaft of a torque sensor, and a lower end shaft of the torque sensor is connected with a screw tap chuck.
The first technical aspect of the present invention is also characterized in that,
the control system comprises a single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the torque sensor and is also respectively connected with an upper computer and a stepping motor driver, the stepping motor driver is powered by a 12V power supply, and the stepping motor driver is connected with the stepping motor.
The torque sensor has the concrete structure that: the torque transmission device comprises a photoelectric sensor a and a photoelectric sensor b, wherein the photoelectric sensor a and the photoelectric sensor b are fixed on a shell, the photoelectric sensor a and the photoelectric sensor b are both connected to a control system, a bearing end cover and a ball bearing are further fixed on the shell, the shell is connected with a sleeve of a drilling machine spindle through the bearing end cover, an elastic transmission sleeve is installed inside the shell through the ball bearing, the photoelectric sensor a and the photoelectric sensor b respectively acquire square wave output signals when a coded disc rotates, torsional deformation and measured torque of the elastic transmission sleeve are derived from phase difference of the square wave output signals, and flat shaft holes in the upper end and the lower end of the elastic transmission sleeve are respectively connected with the drilling machine spindle and a screw tap.
The invention adopts a second technical scheme that the tapping method of the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor utilizes the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor, and comprises a lathe bed arranged on a base, wherein the lathe bed is provided with a drilling machine spindle and a stepping motor, an output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the drilling machine spindle, a control system is further arranged between the drilling machine spindle and the stepping motor to realize electrical connection, the lower end of the drilling machine spindle is connected with an upper end shaft of the torque sensor, a lower end shaft of the torque sensor is connected with a screw tap chuck, and the tapping method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, setting a screw tap model in a control system, namely setting a screw tap safe torque and a tapping depth;
step 2, starting the stepping motor through the control system, enabling the stepping motor to rotate forward and drive the screw tap to start tapping, manually tapping a bit at a low speed in tapping, realizing axial feeding through the self-guiding function of the screw thread, and then tapping at full speed;
step 3, during tapping, detecting the torque of the screw tap through a torque sensor, and transmitting the detected torque to a control system;
step 4, the control system detects whether the stepping motor rotates forwards or not, and if the stepping motor rotates forwards, normal tapping is indicated; if the stepping motor rotates reversely, the automatic tapping device is in a wire withdrawing link;
and 5, comparing the tapping torque value measured by the torque sensor with the screw tap safety torque by the control system, if the measured torque is smaller than the screw tap safety torque, continuing forward rotation tapping by the stepping motor, and simultaneously recording the number x of forward rotation turns1(ii) a If the measured torque is larger than the safe torque of the screw tap, the stepping motor reversely rotates to withdraw the screw, and the screw withdrawing link is entered;
step 6, after the wire withdrawing link is started, judging whether the reverse torque measured by the torque sensor is larger than a preset reverse torque or not, if so, continuing to reverse and withdraw the wire, and simultaneously recording the number x of reverse turns2Continuously detecting the torque of the screw tap and judging the positive and negative rotation of the motor; if the reverse rotation torque measured by the torque sensor is smaller than the preset reverse rotation torque, the control system controls the stepping motor to rotate forwards, the torque sensor detects the torque, and tapping is continued;
step 7, judging whether tapping finishing conditions are met, namely the net positive rotation number x of turns of the screw tap1-x2Whether the number of tapping turns is equal to the preset number x of tapping turns or not is judged, if the condition is not met, torque is continuously detected, and tapping is carried out in a positive rotation mode; if the condition is met, tapping is finished, and the screw tap reversely rotates to exit from the threaded hole.
The second technical aspect of the present invention is also characterized in that,
the control system comprises a single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer is connected with the torque sensor, the single chip microcomputer is further connected with an upper computer and a stepping motor driver respectively, the stepping motor driver is powered by a 12V power supply, and the stepping motor driver is connected with a stepping motor.
The torque sensor has the concrete structure that: the torque transmission device comprises a photoelectric sensor a and a photoelectric sensor b, wherein the photoelectric sensor a and the photoelectric sensor b are fixed on a shell, the photoelectric sensor a and the photoelectric sensor b are both connected to a control system, a bearing end cover and a ball bearing are further fixed on the shell, the shell is connected with a sleeve of a drilling machine spindle through the bearing end cover, an elastic transmission sleeve is installed inside the shell through the ball bearing, the photoelectric sensor a and the photoelectric sensor b respectively acquire a square wave output signal when a coded disc rotates, the torsional deformation and the measured torque of the elastic transmission sleeve are deduced from the phase difference of the square wave output signal, and flat shaft holes in the upper end and the lower end of the elastic transmission sleeve are respectively connected with the drilling.
The small-diameter tapping device has the advantages that the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor can well realize the automation of small-diameter tapping, can well improve tapping efficiency and stabilize tapping quality compared with the existing small-diameter tapping mode, and effectively avoids the phenomenon of screw tap breakage caused by overlarge torque fluctuation in the small-diameter tapping process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a torque sensor-based automatic tapping device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a torque sensor in the torque sensor-based automatic tapping device according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control system in the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a stepping motor, 2, a machine body, 3, a control system, 301, an upper computer, 302, a single chip microcomputer, 303.12V power supply, 304, a stepping motor driver, 4, a drilling machine spindle, 5, a torque sensor, 501, a shell, 502, a photoelectric sensor a, 503, a ball bearing, 504, a bearing end cover, 505, an elastic transmission sleeve, 506, a photoelectric sensor b, 6, a tap chuck and 7, a base.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor is structurally shown in fig. 1 and comprises a lathe bed 2 arranged on a base 7, a drilling machine spindle 4 and a stepping motor 1 are arranged on the lathe bed 2, an output shaft of the stepping motor 1 is connected with the drilling machine spindle 4, a control system 3 is further arranged between the drilling machine spindle 4 and the stepping motor 1 to realize electrical connection, the lower end of the drilling machine spindle 4 is connected with an upper end shaft of a torque sensor 5, and a lower end shaft of the torque sensor 5 is connected with a tap chuck 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the control system 3 includes a single chip microcomputer 302, the single chip microcomputer 302 is connected to the torque sensor 5, the single chip microcomputer 302 is further connected to an upper computer 301 and a stepping motor driver 304, the stepping motor driver 304 is powered by a 12V power supply 303, and the stepping motor driver 304 is connected to the stepping motor 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the torque sensor 5 has the following specific structure: the device comprises a photoelectric sensor a502 and a photoelectric sensor b506, wherein the photoelectric sensor a502 and the photoelectric sensor b506 are fixed on a shell 501, the photoelectric sensor a502 and the photoelectric sensor b506 are both connected to a control system 3, a bearing end cover 504 and a ball bearing 503 are further fixed on the shell 501, the shell 501 is connected with a sleeve of a drilling machine spindle 4 through the bearing end cover 504, an elastic transmission sleeve 505 is installed inside the shell 501 through the ball bearing 503, the photoelectric sensor a502 and the photoelectric sensor b506 respectively acquire square wave output signals when a code wheel rotates, torsional deformation and measured torque of the elastic transmission sleeve 505 are derived from phase difference of the square wave output signals, and flat shaft holes at the upper end and the lower end of the elastic transmission sleeve 505 are respectively connected with the drilling machine spindle 4 and a tap chuck 6 to realize torque transmission.
The upper computer 301 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 302 and used for setting tapping parameters and downloading single chip microcomputer programs, the memory is used for storing tap models, safe torques of the tap models and tapping reversal torques, and the stepping motor driver 304 is connected with the stepping motor 1. The torque sensor 5 is connected to the single chip microcomputer 302, and signals transmitted by the torque sensor 5 are processed through the single chip microcomputer 302, so that a stepping motor driver 304 connected with the single chip microcomputer 302 is adjusted to further control the stepping motor 1, and tapping process data are displayed through the upper computer 301.
The torque sensor 5 is characterized in that two identical coded disks are arranged on two sides of the elastic part of the elastic transmission sleeve 505, square wave output signals generated when the coded disks rotate are respectively obtained by the photoelectric sensor a502 and the photoelectric sensor b506, and the torsional deformation and the torque of the elastic transmission sleeve 505 can be measured according to the phase difference of the square wave signals output by the two coded disks.
The device imitates the manual tapping process of people, and when step motor 1 drove the screw tap corotation, because the cutting fluid can't get into the cutting region or the smear metal piles up probably to cause the jam in the chip groove to lead to the violent fluctuation of tapping moment of torsion, influence the tapping process, the screw tap rupture even. The torque sensor 5 measures tap torque in real time. When the fact that tapping is hindered when the torque is detected to exceed the screw tap safety torque is detected, the main shaft rotates reversely, the torque is detected at the same time, if the detected torque exceeds the preset reverse torque, the fact that chips or built-up edges exist is indicated, and the main shaft rotates reversely continuously; if the reverse torque is normal, chips can be extruded out by reversing for 1 circle, so that the cutting fluid enters a cutting area, and the tapping can be smoothly carried out.
The tapping method of the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, setting a screw tap model in a control system 3, namely setting a screw tap safe torque and a tapping depth;
step 2, starting the stepping motor 1 through the control system 3, enabling the stepping motor 1 to rotate forward and drive the screw tap to start tapping, manually tapping a bit at a low speed in tapping, realizing axial feeding through the self-guiding function of the screw thread, and then tapping at full speed;
step 3, during tapping, detecting the torque of the screw tap through a torque sensor 5, and transmitting the detected torque to a control system 3;
step 4, the control system 3 detects whether the stepping motor 1 rotates forwards or not, and if the stepping motor 1 rotates forwards, normal tapping is indicated; if the stepping motor 1 rotates reversely, the automatic tapping device is in a wire withdrawing link;
step 5, the control system 3 compares the tapping torque value measured by the torque sensor 5 with the screw tap safety torque, and if the tapping torque value is not the tapping torque value, the control system compares the tapping torque value with the screw tap safety torque valueWhen the torque measured by the torque measuring device 5 is smaller than the safe torque of the screw tap, the stepping motor 1 continues to rotate forwards for tapping, and simultaneously records the number of turns x of the rotation forwards1(ii) a If the measured torque is larger than the safe torque of the screw tap, the stepping motor 1 reversely rotates to withdraw the screw, and the screw withdrawing link is entered;
step 6, after the wire withdrawing link is started, judging whether the reverse torque measured by the torque sensor 5 is larger than the preset reverse torque, if so, continuing to reverse and withdraw the wire, and simultaneously recording the number x of reverse turns2Continuously detecting the torque of the screw tap and judging the positive and negative rotation of the motor; if the reverse rotation torque measured by the torque sensor 5 is smaller than the preset reverse rotation torque, the control system controls the stepping motor 1 to rotate forwards, the torque sensor detects the torque of 5, and tapping is continued;
step 7, judging whether tapping finishing conditions are met, namely the net positive rotation number x of turns of the screw tap1-x2Whether the number of tapping turns is equal to the preset number x of tapping turns or not is judged, if the condition is not met, torque is continuously detected, and tapping is carried out in a positive rotation mode; if the condition is met, tapping is finished, and the screw tap reversely rotates to exit from the threaded hole.
The device has a simple structure, is convenient to operate, and can be modified by a common drilling machine. Can replace the manual work to carry out the tapping in aperture, improve tapping efficiency. The tapping method simulates a manual tapping process, has stable tapping quality, and can well solve the problem of screw tap twist-off in the small-bore tapping process based on the torque sensor.

Claims (1)

1. The tapping method of the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor is characterized in that the automatic tapping device based on the torque sensor is utilized and comprises a lathe bed (2) arranged on a base (7), a drilling machine spindle (4) and a stepping motor (1) are arranged on the lathe bed (2), an output shaft of the stepping motor (1) is connected with the drilling machine spindle (4), a control system (3) is further arranged between the drilling machine spindle (4) and the stepping motor (1) to realize electrical connection, the lower end of the drilling machine spindle (4) is connected with an upper end shaft of the torque sensor (5), and a lower end shaft of the torque sensor (5) is connected with a screw tap chuck (6); control system (3) include singlechip (302), singlechip (302) with torque sensor (5) are connected, and singlechip (302) still are connected with host computer (301), step motor driver (304) respectively, and step motor driver (304) are supplied power by 12V power (303), step motor driver (304) with step motor (1) are connected, torque sensor (5) concrete structure is: the device comprises a photoelectric sensor a (502) and a photoelectric sensor b (506), wherein the photoelectric sensor a (502) and the photoelectric sensor b (506) are fixed on a shell (501), the photoelectric sensor a (502) and the photoelectric sensor b (506) are both connected to a control system (3), a bearing end cover (504) and a ball bearing (503) are further fixed on the shell (501), the shell (501) is connected with a sleeve of a drilling machine spindle (4) through the bearing end cover (504), an elastic transmission sleeve (505) is installed inside the shell (501) through the ball bearing (503), the photoelectric sensor a (502) and the photoelectric sensor b (506) respectively acquire square wave output signals when a coded disc rotates, torsional deformation and measured torque of the elastic transmission sleeve (505) are deduced according to phase difference of the square wave output signals, flat shaft holes at the upper end and the lower end of the elastic transmission sleeve (505) are respectively connected with the drilling machine spindle (4) and a tap chuck (6), the method realizes torque transmission, and is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, setting a screw tap model in a control system (3), namely setting a screw tap safe torque and a tapping depth;
step 2, starting the stepping motor (1) through the control system (3), enabling the stepping motor (1) to rotate forward and drive the screw tap to start tapping, manually tapping a bit at a low speed in tapping, realizing axial feeding through the self-guiding function of the screw thread, and then tapping at full speed;
step 3, during tapping, detecting the torque of the screw tap through a torque sensor (5), and transmitting the detected torque to a control system (3);
step 4, the control system (3) detects whether the stepping motor (1) rotates forwards or not, and if the stepping motor (1) rotates forwards, normal tapping is indicated at the moment; if the stepping motor (1) rotates reversely, the automatic tapping device is in a wire withdrawing link;
step 5, the control system (3) compares the tapping torque value measured by the torque sensor (5) with the screw tap safety torque, if the measured torque (5) is smaller than the screw tap safety torque, the stepping motor (1) continues to rotate forwards for tapping, and meanwhile, the number x of turns of the rotation forwards is recorded1(ii) a If the measured torque is larger than the safe torque of the screw tap, the stepping motor (1) reversely rotates to withdraw the screw, and the screw withdrawing link is started;
step 6, after entering the wire withdrawing linkJudging whether the reverse torque measured by the torque sensor (5) is larger than the preset reverse torque or not, if so, continuing to reverse and withdraw the wire, and simultaneously recording the number x of reverse turns2Continuously detecting the torque of the screw tap and judging the positive and negative rotation of the motor; if the reverse rotation torque measured by the torque sensor (5) is smaller than the preset reverse rotation torque, the control system controls the stepping motor (1) to rotate forwards, the torque sensor detects the torque (5), and tapping is continued;
step 7, judging whether tapping finishing conditions are met, namely the net positive rotation number x of turns of the screw tap1-x2Whether the number of tapping turns is equal to the preset number x of tapping turns or not is judged, if the condition is not met, torque is continuously detected, and tapping is carried out in a positive rotation mode; if the condition is met, tapping is finished, and the screw tap reversely rotates to exit from the threaded hole.
CN201810106206.0A 2018-02-02 2018-02-02 Automatic tapping device based on torque sensor and tapping method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN108188500B (en)

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CN110340459A (en) * 2019-06-25 2019-10-18 西安理工大学 A kind of intelligent apery tapping chuck based on the detection of photoelectric code disk torque
CN111992820B (en) * 2020-08-04 2022-02-22 潍坊职业学院 Electric tapping system for small-diameter screw tap
CN112518049B (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-05-06 陕西宝成航空仪表有限责任公司 Tapping machine for small thread with screw tap anti-breaking protection function
CN115122157A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-09-30 河南万国智能数控有限公司 Tapping drill screw tap anomaly detection device punches
CN117001079B (en) * 2023-09-15 2023-12-29 泉州市泉志轻工机械有限公司 Automatic attack tooth and detect categorised tooth machine of attacking

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