CN108187509B - Cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108187509B CN108187509B CN201810072946.7A CN201810072946A CN108187509B CN 108187509 B CN108187509 B CN 108187509B CN 201810072946 A CN201810072946 A CN 201810072946A CN 108187509 B CN108187509 B CN 108187509B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
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- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane, a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, cobalt ferrocyanide nanoparticles with high cesium removal rate can be loaded on the surface of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane through intermediate silicon dioxide by using a chemical method. The grain diameter of the aminated silicon dioxide used for preparation is 300nm, the concentration is 0.05-0.5% (mass/volume), and the number of the cobalt ferrocyanide loading layers is 3. The removal rate of the cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane prepared by the method to cesium can reach more than 99.5% within 6 hours (the concentration of silicon dioxide is 0.5%, and the concentration of cesium inlet water is 100 mug/L). Meanwhile, the preparation process of the cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane is simple, the cost is low, and the removal rate of cesium is high. Therefore, the method has wide application prospect in water body treatment containing cesium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution control, and particularly relates to a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, the acceleration of the industrialization process and the increasing of energy requirements lead traditional energy sources such as petrifaction and water conservancy and the like to be incapable of meeting the social development requirements, which provides basic conditions for the rapid development of nuclear industry. Therefore, the nuclear industry has been rapidly developed in advanced countries such as europe and the united states in recent years, and a large number of nuclear power plants and various nuclear reactors and nuclear power vessels have been constructed. In China, nuclear energy is also developed vigorously in these years, and a plurality of large inland nuclear power stations are built in the future. And with the vigorous promotion and development of nuclear power industry in China, the production amount of radioactive wastewater will be increased continuously. Worldwide, high concentrations of radionuclides have been detected in norway, greece, spain, the united states, japan and chinese waters. On the other hand, human nuclear energy utilization has historically experienced many serious nuclear safety incidents. The chernobyl nuclear leakage accident as in the eighties of the last century is by far the most serious nuclear safety accident, resulting in the death of 9.3 thousands of people who suffer from radiation cancer, and about 600 thousands of people who suffer from radiation. After a nuclear leakage accident of the fukushima nuclear power station occurs in 3 months and days in 2011, the problem of radioactive wastewater treatment attracts worldwide attention again. When radioactive wastewater enters the environment, radioactive nuclides in the radioactive wastewater can enter human bodies through approaches such as food chain enrichment and the like, thus threatening the environment and human health, bringing uneasiness and fear to the society and being not beneficial to social harmony and stability. As a typical gamma-ray radioactive source, cesium (Cs) in radioactive wastewater has high wastewater content and great harm, and the half-life period of the cesium (Cs) is as long as 30 years. Since the radioactivity of nuclides in wastewater and environment will be mainly cesium after many years, research on the technology for treating cesium in wastewater is necessary.
The radioactive nuclide can only reduce the radioactivity thereof by natural decay, and the treatment of radioactive wastewater is essentially to reduce the concentration of the radionuclide in the wastewater after the treatment after the concentration by various methods. The hollow fiber membrane is an advanced and mature membrane technology at present, has small filling density, low cost and low energy consumption, can remove partial particles and macromolecular organic matters in water, but has basically negligible effect on removing radionuclides in water. Therefore, the membrane is subjected to functional modification to selectively remove cesium, so that the membrane not only can remove conventional pollutants, but also can effectively remove cesium in the process of treating radioactive wastewater. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has strong chemical and mechanical stability and corrosion resistance, and is an excellent membrane modification material. Ferrocyanide has a high selective adsorption for cesium, and has been a hotspot for research on removal of the cesium species in recent years. Of these, cobalt ferrocyanide (CoFC) is very selective for Cs. The CoFC is directly loaded on the surface of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane, so that the membrane pores are seriously blocked, and the membrane performance is reduced. Nano silicon dioxide (SiO)2) The hydrophilic membrane is strong in hydrophilicity, can be used as an intermediate for linking PVDF and CoFC, and can weaken the influence of CoFC loading on great reduction of membrane flux. Thus, the CoFC was passed through SiO2The PVDF hollow fiber membrane loaded on the surface can enable the membrane to selectively remove Cs, and is expected to be used for large-scale radioactive wastewater pollutionAnd (4) environmental remediation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical problems mentioned in the background technology and provides a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane, a preparation method and application thereof. The cobalt ferrocyanide hollow fiber membrane prepared by the method has strong stability and large loading capacity, and can efficiently remove Cs in water.
The first technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane comprises four steps: PVDF hollow fiber membrane cleaning, membrane surface chemical activation and intermediate SiO2Membrane surface immobilization and cobalt ferrocyanide immobilization:
1) cleaning a PVDF hollow fiber membrane: sealing two ends of a PVDF hollow fiber membrane by epoxy resin glue, solidifying for 24 hours at room temperature, putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in ultrapure water for 12 hours, cleaning, putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in an ethanol solution for 60 minutes, and removing redundant particles and organic pollutants on the surface of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane to obtain a cleaned base membrane;
2) and (3) surface chemical activation of the film: putting the cleaned basement membrane in the step 1) into a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding 5g/L tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and standing at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ for 60min to hydroxylate the surface of the membrane; then putting the membrane into sodium bisulfite solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 0.06 percent, and standing for 60min at constant temperature of 45 ℃; then placing the membrane into a n-hexane solution of trimesoyl chloride with the mass percent of 0.8%, and standing for 10min at a constant temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain an activated membrane;
3) intermediate SiO2Fixing the surface of the membrane: amination of SiO in advance2Ultrasonically dispersing in ethanol solution for 9min, and dissolving in SiO2Ethanol solution; placing the film activated in the step 2) into SiO2Oscillating in ethanol solution at 100rpm at constant temperature of 25 deg.C for 60min to obtain SiO2Fixed on the surface of the membrane by chemical bond; loading the above-mentioned material with SiO2The film is taken out and placed in a 70 ℃ oven for 7min to strengthen SiO2Curing effect on the surface of the film to obtain surface-immobilized aminated SiO2A PVDF hollow fiber membrane of the layer;
4) and (3) solidifying cobalt ferrocyanide: will be described in detail3) Middle surface fixed aminated SiO2Putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in a cobalt chloride solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and oscillating for 2 hours at 120rpm under the constant temperature condition of 25 ℃; then putting the membrane into a sodium ferrocyanide solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and oscillating for 4 hours at 150rpm under the constant temperature condition of 25 ℃; then ultrapure water is used for cleaning the membrane;
repeating the cobalt ferrocyanide curing step for 2 times;
finally, the membrane is cleaned by ultrapure water, and the epoxy resin glue at the two ends of the composite membrane is sealed and cut off after being dried at 40 ℃, so that the cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane is prepared.
The concentration of the aminated silicon dioxide in the step 3) is 0.05-0.5% (mass/volume), and the particle size is 300 nm.
The second technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the PVDF hollow fiber membrane of cobalt ferrocyanide is prepared by the preparation method, the fiber diameter of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane is 0.3cm, and the membrane aperture is 0.1-1 μm.
The third technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the application of the cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane is used for efficiently removing cesium.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention utilizes a chemical method to lead cobalt ferrocyanide particles with high-efficiency cesium removal rate to pass through SiO2Is fixed on the surface of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane, thereby solving the problems that the cobalt ferrocyanide particles are easy to run off and not easy to recycle, and the like. And the PVDF hollow fiber membrane of cobalt ferrocyanide has the advantages of high efficiency, convenience, stability and no secondary pollution when being applied to the treatment of the Cs-containing wastewater.
2. Firstly, the intermediate SiO is bonded through chemical bonds2Fixing on the surface of PVDF hollow fiber membrane, and then gradually fixing CoFC on SiO by using chemical bonds2The surface of the particle further achieves the purpose that the CoFC is indirectly fixed on the surface of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane. The preparation method has the advantages of simple operation process, high CoFC loading, strong composite membrane stability, high removal rate of Cs and wide industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface X-ray photoelectron spectrum of a PVDF hollow cobalt ferrocyanide fiber membrane;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope spectrogram of the surface of a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane:
(a) PVDF hollow fiber membrane;
(b)、SiO2a layer of PVDF hollow fiber membrane;
(c) and a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) hollow fiber membrane made of cobalt ferrocyanide.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The examples are intended to better enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.
Example 1
1) Cleaning a PVDF hollow fiber membrane: sealing two ends of a PVDF hollow fiber membrane by epoxy resin glue, solidifying for 24h at room temperature, putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in ultrapure water for 12h, cleaning, putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in an ethanol solution for 60min, removing redundant particles and organic pollutants on the surface of the membrane to obtain a cleaned base membrane, wherein an X-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram on the surface of the membrane is shown in (a) in figure 1, and a scanning electron microscope spectrogram on the surface of the membrane is shown in (a) in figure 2;
2) and (3) surface chemical activation of the film: putting the cleaned basement membrane in the step 1) into a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding 5g/L tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and standing at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ for 60min to hydroxylate the surface of the membrane; then putting the membrane into sodium bisulfite solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 0.06 percent, and standing for 60min at constant temperature of 45 ℃; then placing the membrane into a n-hexane solution of trimesoyl chloride with the mass percent of 0.8%, and standing for 10min at a constant temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain an activated membrane;
3) intermediate SiO2Fixing the surface of the membrane: aminated SiO in a concentration of 0.5% (mass/volume) was added in advance2Ultrasonically dispersing in ethanol solution for 9min, and placing the film activated in the step 2) into SiO2Oscillating for 60min at 100rpm in ethanol solution at constant temperature of 25 ℃ to enable SiO to be dissolved2Fixed on the surface of the membrane by chemical bond; loading SiO2The film is taken out and placed in a 70 ℃ oven for 7min to strengthen SiO2Curing effect on film surfaceTo obtain surface immobilized aminated SiO2The scanning electron microscope spectrum of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane of the layer is shown in figure 2 (b);
4) and (3) solidifying cobalt ferrocyanide: fixing the surface of the SiO in the step 3)2Putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in a cobalt chloride solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and oscillating for 2 hours at 120rpm under the constant temperature condition of 25 ℃; then putting the membrane into a sodium ferrocyanide solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and oscillating for 4 hours at 150rpm under the constant temperature condition of 25 ℃; then ultrapure water is used for cleaning the membrane; the above step of cobalt ferrocyanide solidification is repeated for 2 times; finally, the membrane is cleaned by ultrapure water, the membrane is dried at 40 ℃, and then epoxy resin glue at two ends of the composite membrane is sealed and cut off, so that the cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane is prepared, which is marked as cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane 1, and the scanning electron microscope spectrogram of the membrane surface is shown in figure 2 (c).
Example 2
In this example, PVDF hollow fiber membrane cleaning, surface chemical activation of membrane, intermediate SiO2The film surface anchoring and cobalt ferrocyanide curing steps were the same as example 1, except that SiO was aminated in step 3)2The concentration was 0.1% (mass/volume), and the membrane obtained was designated as PVDF cobalt ferrocyanide hollow fiber membrane 2.
Example 3
In this example, PVDF hollow fiber membrane cleaning, surface chemical activation of membrane, intermediate SiO2The film surface anchoring and cobalt ferrocyanide curing steps were the same as example 1, except that SiO was aminated in step 3)2The concentration was 0.05% (mass/volume), and the membrane obtained was designated as a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane 3.
Example 4
Cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membranes prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 were used in the following cesium removal experiments, respectively, to examine the cesium removal efficiency of the different membranes (as shown in table 1). The experimental process comprises the following steps: taking the effective area as 12.5cm2The membrane is used for replacing radionuclide cesium with cesium nitrate to carry out a cold experiment, an aqueous solution containing 100 mu g/L of cesium is filtered through a fiber membrane negative pressure filter, the pH value of the solution is 7.0, the system pressure is-0.9 bar, samples of a liquid inlet and a permeation solution are respectively taken after 60min, 180 min and 360min of filtration, and the concentrated cesium solution is concentratedThe degree was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
TABLE 1 Cesium removal Rate of cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF fiber membranes
It should be understood that the embodiments and examples discussed herein are illustrative only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) cleaning a PVDF hollow fiber membrane: sealing two ends of a PVDF hollow fiber membrane by epoxy resin glue, solidifying for 24 hours at room temperature, putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in ultrapure water for 12 hours, cleaning, putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in an ethanol solution for 60 minutes, and removing redundant particles and organic pollutants on the surface of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane to obtain a cleaned base membrane;
2) and (3) surface chemical activation of the film: putting the cleaned basement membrane in the step 1) into a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding 5g/L tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride, and standing at the constant temperature of 45 ℃ for 60min to hydroxylate the surface of the membrane; then putting the membrane into sodium bisulfite solution with the concentration of 1mol/L, adding concentrated sulfuric acid with the volume ratio of 0.06 percent, and standing for 60min at constant temperature of 45 ℃; then placing the membrane into a n-hexane solution of trimesoyl chloride with the mass percent of 0.8%, and standing for 10min at a constant temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain an activated membrane;
3) intermediate SiO2Fixing the surface of the membrane: amination of SiO in advance2Ultrasonically dispersing in ethanol solution for 9min to obtain SiO2Ethanol solution; placing the film activated in the step 2) into SiO2Oscillating in ethanol solution at constant temperature of 25 deg.C for 60min at 100 rpm; taking out the membrane, and placing in a 70 deg.C oven for 7min to obtainTo surface immobilization of aminated SiO2A PVDF hollow fiber membrane of the layer;
4) and (3) solidifying cobalt ferrocyanide: fixing the surface of the SiO in the step 3)2Putting the PVDF hollow fiber membrane in a cobalt chloride solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and oscillating for 2 hours at 120rpm under the constant temperature condition of 25 ℃; then putting the membrane into a sodium ferrocyanide solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, and oscillating for 4 hours at 150rpm under the constant temperature condition of 25 ℃; cleaning the membrane with ultrapure water;
repeating the cobalt ferrocyanide curing step for 2 times;
finally, the membrane is cleaned by ultrapure water, and the epoxy resin glue at the two ends of the composite membrane is sealed and cut off after being dried at 40 ℃, so that the cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane is prepared.
2. The preparation method of claim 1 is adopted for the PVDF hollow fiber membrane, and the diameter of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane is 0.3cm, and the pore diameter of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane is 0.1-1 μm.
3. Use of a cobalt ferrocyanide PVDF hollow fiber membrane according to claim 2, for efficient cesium removal.
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| CN108538419A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-09-14 | 天津大学 | A kind of method that cobaltous ferrocyanide composite membrane-reverse osmosis membrane joint removes caesium in water |
| CN111111621A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-08 | 四川德天合盛环保科技有限公司 | Method for fixing copper ferrocyanide on PVDF hollow fiber membrane |
| CN112387131B (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2022-04-08 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Polymer microporous membrane, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113952845B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-07-15 | 岭东核电有限公司 | Membrane filter material, preparation method thereof and application of membrane filter material in treating aerosol |
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