CN108183197A - A kind of composite metal lithium negative pole structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of composite metal lithium negative pole structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108183197A CN108183197A CN201711377711.0A CN201711377711A CN108183197A CN 108183197 A CN108183197 A CN 108183197A CN 201711377711 A CN201711377711 A CN 201711377711A CN 108183197 A CN108183197 A CN 108183197A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of composite metal lithium negative pole structure, including layer of carrier material, current collector layers, lithium piece；Current collector layers and layer of carrier material are sequentially arranged upwards from lithium piece；The current collector layers are the porous material of sheet.The present invention also proposes the preparation method of the composite metal lithium negative pole structure.This composite metal lithium negative pole structure be suitable for lithium-sulfur cell, lithium-air battery, can the battery systems such as charge and discharge lithium metal battery.During first Zhou Fang electricity, lithium ion first passes through collector and carrier material hole with holes and reaches at anode；During charging, the lithium ion of return is restored in surfaces of carrier materials and is deposited, " carrier material lithium " three-dimensional complex lithium can be formed at layer of carrier material after first Zhou Fang electricity charge steps, composite metal lithium negative pole structure of the present invention is suitable for electrochemical in-situ deposition and prepares three-dimensional compound cathode of lithium, it is convenient and simple, need not move through secondary assembled battery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of energy source materials, and in particular to a kind of negative material of lithium battery and its method prepared.
Background technology
With the continuous social and economic development, energy resources shortage, environmental pollution and global warming have been increasingly becoming necessary
The social concern faced.Under the international overall background being concerned in face of current energy and environmental problem, revolutionary energy technology,
The comprehensive exploitation and utilization of power-saving technology and environmental protection technology have become current primary subject, and research and development are high performance
Power supply system and its material are imperative.The energy density of power battery determines the course continuation mileage of new-energy automobile.It is existing
Lithium-ion battery system has been unable to reach the demand of 500Wh/kg energy above density, and course continuation mileage, which becomes, restricts new-energy automobile
An important factor for popularization.Using the power battery of new generation of lithium metal, such as lithium-air battery, lithium-sulfur cell new system battery by
There are very high theoretical specific capacity (3860mAh/g) and minimum electrochemical potentials (- 3.04Vvs.SHE) in negative metal lithium,
The thus energy density with high energy density, significantly larger than lithium ion battery.Therefore, under lithium anode is considered as
Generation high-energy density lithium sulphur, lithium air, can charge and discharge lithium metal battery crucial negative material.
But lithium metal battery cycle in, pure metal lithium electrode due to dissolve repeatedly deposition easily formed it is non-uniform
Hole and dendrite；Major part lithium metal battery is using organic electrolyte at present, lithium metal and organic electrolyte can occur chemistry and
Electrochemical reaction is produced without the solid electrolyte film (SEI) of electro-chemical activity in interface.Since metal lithium electrode is significant
Volume change, interfacial film can not stablize covering, and the reaction is caused persistently to occur, and electrolyte is persistently consumed, and exacerbate the powder of lithium
Change and internal resistance increases so that the degradations such as circulating battery, safety, multiplying power property.The large capacity of lithium metal is used at present
High-energy-density metal lithium battery cyclical stability is difficult to more than 100 times.Under the cyclical stability for solving lithium anode will be
The key point of generation high specific energy new system battery practical application.
Over the past two years, it is increasingly vigorous with the demand of high specific energy batteries, the progress of physics, chemistry, engineering, nanometer technology,
The research of lithium metal occurs reviving in the world.Countries in the world are all paying high attention to lithium metal, as the U.S. is set up
Battery500 subjects, Japanese Rising plan, all using no dendritic metal lithium efficiently by the use of in the core research as subject
Hold.Domestic and international newest progress shows the design and optimization of the functionalization by energy and material, is expected to realize lithium metal
Without dendritic growth, the utilization ratio of lithium metal is improved.
In the recent period, in the design aspect of the compound lithium an- ode of frame-type, domestic and international progress shows to pass through energy and material
Functionalization design and optimization, be expected to realize lithium metal without dendritic growth, inhibit volume deformation, improve the utilization of lithium metal
Efficiency.Cui Yi seminar (Nat.Energy 7,10992 (2016), the Nat.Nanotech.11,626 of Stanford University
(2016), Nat.Energy 16016 (2016)), seminar of chemistry Suo Guoyu states of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nat.Commun.6,8058
(2015), J.Am.Chem.Soc.139,5916 (2017)), Zhang Qiang seminar of Tsinghua University
(Adv.Funct.Mater.1605989 (2017), Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.56 (2017)) etc. is in terms of metal lithium electrode
A large amount of outstanding work are done.As Cui Yi seminar by the use of nano pore close lithium layer shape graphene film as lithium metal frame
Material (Nat.Nanotech.11,626 (2016)) is prepared for what is assembled by 7% (mass fraction) graphene and 93% lithium metal
Graphene-lithium metal composite negative pole, in cyclic process, the rescaling only about 20% of cathode.Seminar of chemical Suo Guoyu states
By the use of being commercialized 3D collector (Adv.Mater.1700389 of independent celion (GCF) electrode as cathode of lithium
(2017)), under 0.5mA/cm2 current densities, reversible capacity is up to 1254mAh/g (based on GCF electrode weights).In charge and discharge
Capacitance 8mAh/cm2Under the conditions of, its coulombic efficiency is still up to 98% after 50 cycles.Zhang Qiang seminar of Tsinghua University
Correlative study disclose lithium anode forming core and growth rhythm, while propose the site-directed forming core of close lithium, Nano diamond
The strategies such as additive regulation and control lithium deposition.These above-mentioned researchs by using nano-structured cathode, reduce local current densities,
The method of regulation and control lithium deposition inhibits metal lithium dendrite growth, demonstrates and improves the new of lithium an- ode safety and cycle efficieny
Research Thinking.
There are heat fusing method and electrochemical deposition method currently with the method that carrier material prepares compound cathode of lithium, heat
It is by heating lithium metal to molten condition, by inculcating, permeating, modes and the carrier such as stirring under inert ambient environment to melt method
The method that Material cladding prepares composition metal lithium electrode together.Electrochemical deposition method is by carrier material and metal lithium sheet group
It dresses up electrochemical circuit, applies electric current lithium is made to be deposited on surfaces of carrier materials and prepare compound cathode of lithium.
Described in 106299246 A of patent CN, metal (such as lithium, sodium, magnesium) and carrier material are placed in inert atmosphere and risen
Temperature calcines 1-5h, metal is made to penetrate into carrier material to 180-500 DEG C.Described in 106784635 A of patent CN, pass through heat
Melting implantation method prepares compound cathode of lithium, elder generation's molten lithium metal paillon during process, then by carrier material and the liquid that melts
Lithium metal contacts, and the implantation of the lithium metal of high-temperature fusion enters carrier material gap, treats that it is cooled to room temperature and forms complex lithium and bears
Pole.Described in 104466095 A of patent CN, lithium metal and fiber are placed in the reactor of inert gas shielding and heated, and is permanent
Temperature stirs evenly；Compound lithium metal after cooling and stirring, by compound lithium metal after cooling to be cold-pressed on precision rollers machine
Foil.105374991 A of patent CN weigh a certain proportion of metal lithium sheet and are uniformly positioned over full of argon gas with framework carbon material
Lithium in inert heater, more than heating response device to lithium metal fusing point, is stirred in lithium metal reflow process, mix
Room temperature is reduced to after conjunction, obtains lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite.
It is more demanding to experiment condition using heat fusing method, first, since lithium metal is very active, so must be lazy
It is operated under property environment；Second is that the fusing point of lithium metal is 180.5 DEG C, it is therefore necessary to which heating could complete preparation flow, third, melting
The wetability of liquid metal lithium is poor, needs to modify surfaces of carrier materials or be modified, which has limited the choosings of carrier material
Select range.
Electrochemical deposition method, as described in 106299246 A of patent CN, using carrier material as cathode, metal (such as lithium,
Sodium, magnesium, preferably lithium) it is anode, under certain current density, in the metal simple-substance of the certain face amount of deposited on supports.For another example
It, will under certain current density by the way that carrier material and lithium piece are assembled into battery described in 106784635 A of patent CN
The lithium metal of the certain area capacity of lithium piece is deposited into the hole of carrier material, and dismounting battery, which takes out deposition, the load of lithium metal
Compound lithium electrode is prepared in body.Compound cathode of lithium is prepared using the method for electrochemical deposition, preparation flow is complex, needs
Carrier material and lithium metal are assembled into electrochemical circuit, after electrochemical deposition is completed, need to be dismantled multiple to take out
Close cathode of lithium, while the lithium salts in the composite metal lithium negative terminal surface entrained electrolyte to prevent from preparing, the composition metal of taking-up
Pole piece also needs to be cleaned with solvent.Composition metal cathode of lithium flow complexity is prepared using the method for this electrochemical deposition, no
Conducive to the preparation of extensive composition metal pole piece.
Invention content
The present invention in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, proposes a kind of composite metal lithium negative pole structure.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the preparation method of the composite metal lithium negative pole structure.
Third object of the present invention is to propose the application of the composite metal lithium negative pole structure.
Realize the object of the invention specific technical solution be：
A kind of composite metal lithium negative pole structure, including layer of carrier material, porous current collector layer, lithium piece；It is suitable upwards from lithium piece
Secondary arrangement current collector layers and layer of carrier material；The current collector layers are made of the porous material of sheet, and the carrier material is hard
Carbon, soft carbon, native graphite, Delanium, swelling graphite, graphene, carbon pipe, carbon fiber, transition metal oxide, silicon, oxidation
It is one or more in silicon.
Wherein, form the porous materials of the current collector layers for foam metal, metal mesh, one kind in perforated metal foil or
It is a variety of；The current collector layers are to be provided with the lamella of lug.
Wherein, the composite metal lithium negative pole structure is by one layer of layer of carrier material, one layer of porous current collector layer and one layer of lithium
Piece forms；
Or, the composite metal lithium negative pole structure is by two layers of layer of carrier material, two layers of porous current collector layer and one layer of lithium piece
Composition, is sequentially disposed with current collector layers and layer of carrier material upwards from lithium piece, is also sequentially disposed with current collector layers downwards from lithium piece
And layer of carrier material.
A kind of preparation method of composite metal lithium negative pole structure, including step：Spray coating method, blade coating are utilized in collector side
One or more method load carriers materials after method, spin-coating method, transfer in roll-in method；By above-mentioned load carriers after to be dried
The collector opposite side of material is bonded with lithium piece, is complex as a whole through cold pressing or roll-in, collector reserves external lug.
Further, carrier material and binding agent, solvent mixing back loading are on collector, and carrier material is on a current collector
Load capacity be 1mg~15mg/cm2, porosity is 40~95%；Wherein, it is true at a temperature of the drying is 60 DEG C~100 DEG C
Sky is dry, is cold-pressed compound pressure as 0.3Mpa-2Mpa.
Battery containing composite metal lithium negative pole structure of the present invention, the battery lithium-sulfur cell, lithium-air battery, can
Charge and discharge lithium metal battery and lithium ion battery.
Further, in the battery containing the composite metal lithium negative pole structure, in battery carrier layer materials side and every
Film is opposite, and the opposite side of diaphragm is anode.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Composition metal cathode of lithium proposed by the present invention, the composite construction based on carrier material are suitable for lithium sulphur, lithium air
Battery, can the battery systems such as charge and discharge lithium metal battery.During work, battery need to discharge first, and lithium ion passes through afflux with holes
Body and carrier material hole are reached at anode；During charging, the lithium ion of return is restored in surfaces of carrier materials to be deposited, by first week
" carrier material-lithium " three-dimensional complex lithium can be formed after electric discharge and charge step at carrier material, it is of the present invention compound
Lithium anode structure is suitable for electrochemical in-situ sedimentation and prepares three-dimensional compound cathode of lithium, convenient and simple, needs not move through secondary
Assembled battery.
1. compared to heat fusing method, composite metal lithium negative pole structure of the present invention and preparation method are without high temperature, system
Preparation Method is simple.
2. compared to traditional electrochemical deposition method, composite metal lithium negative pole structure of the present invention is suitable for electricity in situ
Chemical deposition prepares three-dimensional compound cathode of lithium, is prepared into after pole piece without prior assembled battery and again takes out pole piece.During work,
Battery need to discharge first, and lithium ion passes through collector with holes and carrier material hole to reach at anode；During charging, return
Lithium ion is preferentially restored in surfaces of carrier materials and is deposited, and can be formed " carrier material-lithium " after overdischarge and charging chemical conversion
Three-dimensional compound cathode of lithium.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of battery prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of 1 negative pole structure of embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of 2 negative pole structure of embodiment.
In figure, the correspondence of component and number is：Layer of carrier material 1, current collector layers 2, lithium piece 3, negative lug 4.
Fig. 4 is charge and discharge cycles curve.
Fig. 5 (a) is original state layer of carrier material SEM patterns, it can be seen that the pore structure between carrier material；(b) it is
Layer of carrier material SEM patterns after first Zhou Xunhuan；(c) it is the layer of carrier material pattern after recycling 10 weeks.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Unless otherwise instructed, the technological means employed in embodiment is the metal means of this field routine.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 2, the composite metal lithium negative pole structure of the present embodiment is by one layer of layer of carrier material, 1, one layer of porous afflux
Body layer 2 and one layer of lithium piece 3 form；Current collector layers 2 and layer of carrier material 1 are sequentially arranged upwards from lithium piece 3；The current collector layers are
The porous material of sheet, the carrier material are soft carbon.The porous materials of the current collector layers is formed as metal copper mesh, collector
Layer is the sheet for being provided with negative lug 4.
The preparation method of the composite metal lithium negative pole structure, including step：Slurry is configured with soft carbon, PVDF, NMP,
PVDF is binding agent, wherein soft carbon and PVDF mass ratioes 93:7, spray coating method load carriers material is utilized in copper mesh collector side,
Wherein soft carbon load capacity is 7.5mg/cm2, load layer thickness is 160 μm, porosity 55%；80 DEG C of vacuum drying, will be above-mentioned
The copper mesh collector opposite side of load carriers material is bonded with 100 μ m-thick lithium pieces, and the cold pressing of 1Mpa pressure is complex as a whole, afflux
Body reserves external lug.
Flow such as Fig. 1 of battery is prepared with this composite metal lithium negative pole structure.The battery can be lithium-sulfur cell, can also
It is lithium sky battery or other lithium metal batteries, is determined according to the specific material of anode.Here a lithium air electricity is provided
The example in pond, the just extremely carbon-based air cathode which uses, carrier layer materials side and diaphragm are opposite in battery, diaphragm
Opposite side is air cathode, and for the electrolyte used for 1M LiTFSI in TEGDME, which is limiting positive and negative pole-face
Capacity is 4mAh/cm2When charge and discharge cycles curve such as Fig. 4.The charge and discharge cycles curve of 10 weeks is shown, discharge voltage is kept in figure
In 2.73V or so, other than first week, remaining is essentially coincided charging voltage, has preferable cyclical stability.
Fig. 5 (a) is original state layer of carrier material SEM patterns, it can be seen that the pore structure between carrier material；(b) it is
Layer of carrier material SEM patterns after first Zhou Xunhuan, it can be seen that lithium is deposited between carrier material hole, formed " carrier material-
The three-dimensional compound lithium electrode of lithium "；(c) it is the layer of carrier material pattern after recycling 10 weeks, lithium can still be filled in carrier material hole
Between gap.
Embodiment 2
The negative pole structure of the present embodiment is made of two layers of layer of carrier material, two layers of porous current collector layer and one layer of lithium piece, from
Lithium piece is sequentially disposed with current collector layers and layer of carrier material, is also sequentially disposed with current collector layers and carrier material downwards from lithium piece upwards
The bed of material.The negative pole structure is suitable for multi-layer stacks situation.
It is disclosed above or requirement embodiment can be made in the range of no more than existing disclosed laboratory facilities or
Implement.The described all products of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and/or method, expressly refer to those and do not violate the present invention
Concept, scope and spirit can be used for the product and/or experimental method and following step.To in the technique
All changes and improvement of technological means, belong to concept, scope and spirit that the claims in the present invention define.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of composite metal lithium negative pole structure, which is characterized in that including layer of carrier material, current collector layers, lithium piece；From lithium piece to
On sequentially arrange current collector layers and layer of carrier material；The current collector layers are made of the porous material of sheet, the carrier material
For hard carbon, soft carbon, native graphite, Delanium, swelling graphite, graphene, carbon pipe, carbon fiber, transition metal oxide, silicon,
It is one or more in silica.
2. composite metal lithium negative pole structure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that form the porous of the current collector layers
Material is foam metal, one or more in metal mesh, perforated metal foil；The current collector layers are to be provided with the piece of lug
Layer.
3. composite metal lithium negative pole structure according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the composition metal cathode of lithium
Structure is made of one layer of layer of carrier material, one layer of porous current collector layer and one layer of lithium piece.
4. composite metal lithium negative pole structure according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the composition metal cathode of lithium
Structure is made of two layers of layer of carrier material, two layers of porous current collector layer and one layer of lithium piece, and afflux is sequentially disposed with upwards from lithium piece
Body layer and layer of carrier material are also sequentially disposed with downwards current collector layers and layer of carrier material from lithium piece.
5. a kind of preparation method of composite metal lithium negative pole structure, which is characterized in that including step：Spray is utilized in collector side
One or more method load carriers materials after coating, knife coating, spin-coating method, transfer in roll-in method；It, will be above-mentioned after to be dried
The collector opposite side of load carriers material is bonded with lithium piece, is complex as a whole through cold pressing, collector reserves external lug.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that carrier material and binding agent, solvent mixing back loading
In on collector, the load capacity of carrier material on a current collector is 1mg~15mg/cm2, porosity is 40~95%.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the drying be 60 DEG C~100 DEG C at a temperature of it is true
Sky is dry, be cold-pressed compound pressure as 0.3Mpa-2Mpa.
8. the battery containing any one of the claim 1-3 composite metal lithium negative pole structures, which is characterized in that the battery is
Lithium-sulfur cell, lithium-air battery, can charge and discharge lithium metal battery and lithium ion battery.
9. battery according to claim 8, which is characterized in that carrier layer materials side and diaphragm are opposite in battery, diaphragm
Opposite side be anode.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN109411694A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-01 | 天齐锂业（江苏）有限公司 | A kind of lithium metal composite negative pole and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109698396A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-30 | 山东大学 | A kind of lithium-air battery based on lithium alloy cathode |
| CN109728256A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Composite negative electrode, preparation method thereof and flexible package battery |
| CN109888193A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-06-14 | 厦门大学 | A kind of raising sodium metal negative electrode electro-deposition and dissolve out reversible method |
| CN110247047A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-09-17 | 福州大学 | A kind of lithium sulfur battery anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110335990A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-15 | 浙江大学 | A kind of lithium battery copper foil electrode |
| CN110660969A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-01-07 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Metallic lithium cathode and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112820859A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-18 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Preparation method of lithium-sulfur battery cathode and lithium-sulfur battery using cathode |
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