CN108181663A - Quasi-pyramid structure type atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device based on two-dimensional cross grating - Google Patents
Quasi-pyramid structure type atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device based on two-dimensional cross grating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device with a pyramid-like structure based on a two-dimensional crossed grating, which comprises a vacuum cavity, a beam expanding cylinder, the two-dimensional crossed grating and a reflector assembly for generating a separated pyramid structure; the beam expanding cylinder is used for introducing a single optical fiber of a vacuum system, and the two-dimensional crossed grating is positioned between the beam expanding cylinder and the reflector component; the reflector component is divided into from top to bottom in sequence: an MOT region, an interference region and a detection region; the MOT area comprises four first reflecting mirrors, and a second reflecting mirror is arranged below the detection area. The invention has the advantages of small integral volume, strong robustness, low cost, high measurement precision and the like.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to atomic interferometer fields, refer in particular to a kind of pyramid-like structure based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Type intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device.
Background technology
Since Michelson's interferometer invention, according to the diffraction of light wave, interference pattern build interferometry instrument because
Its high measurement accuracy and sensitivity and be widely used in basic scientific research, production practices, space flight and aviation, geological exploration and
The various fields such as national defense industry.In practice, people gradually recognize that survey can be improved by carrying out interference using the shorter wave of wavelength
Accuracy of measurement, therefore electron interferometer is constructed in nineteen fifty-two, constructs neutron interferometer in 1962, until in the 1970s,
People just start to conceive atomic interferometer.Atomic interferometer replaces classical light wave to be used as interference medium using atomic material wave
Atomic spectroscopic terms realize beam splitting, reflection, the interferometer for closing beam process and forming instead of classical optics device.
Compared to other interference media, atomic interferometer has the advantage that:1. due to atomic mass much larger than photon, in
Son and electronics, corresponding matter wave wavelength is shorter, therefore can obtain higher measurement accuracy and sensitivity.Theory analysis table
Bright, the He-Ne lasergyro of the remolding sensitivity same circuit area of intervening atom gyroscope is high by 1011Times, atom accelerograph
Than the high sensitivity 10 of existing accelerometer17Times.2. because atom has abundant inside energy level, electromagnetic field can be utilized to it
Accurate manipulation is carried out, thus atomic interferometer can provide wider basic research and application.3. atom shows electroneutral, by miscellaneous
It is small to dissipate electric jamming, and there is no Coulomb interactions between atom, therefore the measurement accuracy better than electron interferometer can be obtained.
4. in addition, the development of laser cooling and trapping atoms technology is so that high-throughput cold or cold atoms beam is easier to obtain, thus intervening atom
The construction of instrument is simpler than neutron interferometer and cheap.
Atomic interferometer is classical light wave to be replaced to replace warp with atomic spectroscopic terms as interference medium using atomic material wave
Allusion quotation optical device come realize beam splitting, reflection, close beam process and the matter wave interference system that forms, it can be achieved that angular speed, acceleration,
The high-sensitivity measurement of time and frequency standards, gravity/gravity gradient.Theoretical analysis shows that intervening atom absolute gravimeter can make it is existing
The sensitivity of absolute gravimeter at least improves 3 magnitudes, therefore cold atom interference gravity apparatus is current absolute gravimeter and again
Research hotspot in power gradient former field is expected to as the following accurately foundation band of the detection of gravity field and gravity field model
Carry out revolutionary impact.Cold atom interference gravimeter basic procedure be:It first, will using 3 dimension Magneto-Optical Trap technologies of six beam light
A large amount of alkali metal (such as rubidium Rb or caesium Cs) Trapping of Atoms are simultaneously cooled to μ K magnitudes so that with the original of supersonic motion under normal temperature state
Sub- speed is reduced to below 1mm/s;Secondly, atomic group after cooling is placed in gravitational field and does the movement of falling object, and with phase
The relevant laser pulse interaction in position, is split atomic wave, reflects, closing the coherent manipulations such as beam, and realizing that atom is done
It relates to;Finally, atomic group final states is detected, using phosphor collection or absorbs imaging method acquisition intervening atom striped, fit
The accurate measurement of absolute gravity acceleration is realized in phase shift caused by acceleration of gravity.Cold atom interferes the basic procedure of gravimeter
Similar with gravimeter, the atomic interference gravimeter measurement result by upper and lower two with certain distance difference makes the difference, and obtains gravity
Measurement result.
At present, the major programme of atomic interference gravimeter is to form Magneto-Optical Trap by six beam light of three dimensions
(Magnetic-optic traps, be abbreviated as MOT), imprison and cooling atomic group, then speed selection and state are carried out to atomic group
Selection finally carries out Raman interventional procedures.Six beam laser of Magneto-Optical Trap need the installation six on vacuum chamber to expand cylinder, light path portion
Dividing needs a large amount of optical device, this is just inevitably so that system bulk increase.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that:For technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides one
Kind overall volume is small, strong robustness, at low cost, high certainty of measurement the pyramid-like structure type atom based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Interfere acceleration of gravity measuring device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on two-dimentional crossed grating, including true
Cavity expands cylinder, two-dimentional crossed grating and the mirror assembly for generating separate type pyramid structure;It is described to expand cylinder use
Introduce the simple optical fiber of vacuum system, the two dimension crossed grating is located at expands between cylinder and mirror assembly;The reflection
Mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into:MOT areas, interference region and detecting area;Include four the first speculums in the MOT areas, visit
It surveys below area and is provided with the second reflective mirror.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:A branch of cooling light is introduced by the cylinder that expands, by two-dimentional cross light
It is divided into five beam light after grid.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:The characteristic of the five beams light is identical.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:In the MOT areas, four first speculums are located at the vacuum
The cavity four sides of chamber, and be horizontally oriented.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:After four first speculums and second speculum, shape
The imprison light and pump light mutually orthogonal into three pairs forms Magneto-Optical Trap, realizes the cooling and imprison of atomic group.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:The vacuum chamber is using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump
The ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system is realized with combination pump three-level vacuum pump.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:The light beam for expanding cylinder introducing includes cooling light, returns pump light, detection
Light and Raman light expand.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:In the light beam difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights be 6.8GHz, one
By atomic group after cooling, pi/2, π and pi/2 three then are applied to atomic group in the insensitive state of magnetic after prepared by state
Beam light pulse realizes that the beam splitting of atomic group with closing beam, constructs an atomic interferometer.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention:Coordinate back the effect of pump light by detecting light, measured respectively in two
Atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of ground state, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity acceleration value.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:
1st, the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on two-dimentional crossed grating of the invention,
System overall volume is small, and since light beam only being needed to enter vacuum chamber, laser module eliminates a large amount of optical device, vacuum mold
What block was omitted horizontal direction four bundles light expands cylinder, so as to reduce the volume of vacuum module and laser module.
2. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on two-dimentional crossed grating of the present invention,
Strong robustness only needs the optical fiber power for ensureing to introduce vacuum chamber to stablize in system debug, it is easy to accomplish.Due to system knot
Structure is simple, regulated variable is few, and when working long hours, error probability is low.
3. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on two-dimentional crossed grating of the present invention,
At low cost, the program has saved a large amount of optical devices, so as to reduce overall cost compared with six classical beam light schemes.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main structure of the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the side view structure principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stereochemical structure principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is detailed process schematic diagram of the present invention in concrete application example.
Marginal data:
1st, vacuum chamber;2nd, cylinder is expanded;3rd, two-dimentional crossed grating;4th, the first MOT areas;5th, the first interference region;6th, the second reflection
Mirror;7th, detecting area;8th, the first speculum;9th, combination pump.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom weight of the invention based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Force measuring device is split using two-dimentional crossed grating 3, the designing scheme of the pyramid-like Magneto-Optical Trap of formation.Specifically
It is that entire vacuum system only needs light beam from top to bottom, it is identical for five beam characteristics by two-dimentional 3 beam splitting of crossed grating
Light forms three pairs of mutually orthogonal imprison light and pump light by four speculums of horizontal direction and nethermost speculum,
Magneto-Optical Trap is formed, realizes the cooling and imprison of atomic group, replaces traditional six beam light schemes.
The device of the invention specifically includes vacuum chamber 1, expands cylinder 2, two-dimentional crossed grating 3 and for generating separate type gold
The mirror assembly of word tower structure.All devices are all installed in vacuum chamber 1, are expanded cylinder 2 and are used for introducing the single of vacuum system
Optical fiber, two-dimentional crossed grating 3, which is located at, to be expanded between cylinder 2 and mirror assembly.Mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into:MOT
Area 4, the first interference region 5 and detecting area 7.Include four the first speculums 8 in MOT areas 4, the lower section of detecting area 7 is provided with second
Reflective mirror 6.A branch of cooling light is introduced by expanding cylinder 2, and the identical light of five beam characteristics is divided into after two-dimentional crossed grating 3.Through four
A first speculum 8 and second speculum 6 form three pairs of mutually orthogonal imprison light and pump light, form Magneto-Optical Trap, real
The cooling and imprison of existing atomic group.
In concrete application example, in the first reflection that each placement one in cavity four sides of vacuum chamber 1 is horizontally oriented
Mirror 8.
For the atomic interference gravimeter of the present invention using cold atom as Detecting medium, thermal diffusion rate is small, is conducive to increase
Add time of measuring, but atom is easy to that random collision occurs with background spurious gas during cooling down and imprisoning, so as to cause
The service life of cold atom and coherence time reduce, therefore cold atom interference experiment needs carry out under ultra-high vacuum environment.Specific
In application example, vacuum chamber 1 uses glass evacuated chamber 1, should be the cuboid of length of side 20mm.As a preferred embodiment, it is of the invention
Vacuum system, using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and combination pump 9 (being formed by ionic pump and getter couples)
Three-level vacuum pump realizes the ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system (better than 10-8Pa)。
In concrete application example, the light that optical fiber introduces includes:Cooling light returns expanding for pump light, detection light and Raman light.
The difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights is 6.8GHz.One process atomic group after cooling (about 1 μ k of temperature), is in after prepared by state
The insensitive state of magnetic | F=1, mF=0>, pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse then are applied to atomic group, realize atomic group
Beam splitting constructs an atomic interferometer with closing beam.Finally, the effect of pump light is coordinated back by detecting light, measures be in respectively
Atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity acceleration value.
As shown in figure 4, detailed process of the present invention in concrete application example is:
S1:The preparation of cold atom cloud.
Pass through Magneto-Optical Trap, polarization gradient cooling (Polarization Gradient Cooling, be abbreviated as PGC) first
Prime is carried out to cool down to obtain the cold atom cloud that temperature is about 15 μ k.
S2:Speed selects to prepare with state.
It is selected by Raman speed, atomic group temperature is further reduced to about 1 μ k.State is prepared in the insensitive state of magnetic | F
=1, mF=0>On.
S3:Intervening atom.
Pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse are applied to atomic group by two beam Raman lights, realize the beam splitting and conjunction of atomic group
Beam constructs an atomic interferometer.
S4:Interior state detection.
After the completion of interference, by atomic group free-falling for a period of time, then coordinate back pump light by detecting light, dispel light
Effect, measure the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state respectively, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity
Acceleration value.
The present invention proposes the conceptual design of separate type inverted pyramid, it is only necessary to which an optical fiber introduces vacuum chamber 1.The present invention
Advantage be:
(1) system overall volume is small.Compared with six classical beam light MOT, the present invention only needs light beam to enter vacuum chamber
1, laser module eliminates a large amount of optical device, and what vacuum module was omitted horizontal direction MOT light expands cylinder 2, so as to reduce
The volume of vacuum module and laser module.
(2) strong robustness.The optical fiber power for ensureing to introduce vacuum chamber 1 is only needed to stablize in system debug, be easy to real
It is existing.Since system structure is simple, regulated variable is few, when working long hours, error probability is low.
(3) flexible adjustment.Compared with traditional pyramid scheme, pyramidal four faces are used discrete component by the present invention
Combination is formed, and the adjusting that each face can be flexible, independent while reducing the required precision of processing and installation, improves survey
Measure the stability of result.
(4) it is inexpensive.The present invention has saved a large amount of optical devices, so as to reduce compared with six classical beam light schemes
Overall cost.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should be regarded as the protection of the present invention
Range.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on two-dimentional crossed grating, feature exist
In including vacuum chamber, expanding cylinder, two-dimentional crossed grating and mirror assembly for generating separate type pyramid structure;Institute
State and expand cylinder and be used for introducing the simple optical fiber of vacuum system, the two dimension crossed grating be located at expand cylinder and mirror assembly it
Between;The mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into:MOT areas, interference region and detecting area;Include four the in the MOT areas
One speculum is provided with the second reflective mirror below detecting area.
2. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity according to claim 1 based on two-dimentional crossed grating is surveyed
Measure device, which is characterized in that a branch of cooling light is introduced by the cylinder that expands, and five beam light are divided into after two-dimentional crossed grating.
3. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity according to claim 2 based on two-dimentional crossed grating is surveyed
Measure device, which is characterized in that the characteristic of the five beams light is identical.
4. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity based on two-dimentional crossed grating according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 adds
Velocity measuring device, which is characterized in that in the MOT areas, four first speculums are located at the cavity four of the vacuum chamber
Face, and be horizontally oriented.
5. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity based on two-dimentional crossed grating according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 adds
Velocity measuring device, which is characterized in that after four first speculums and second speculum, form three pairs mutually just
The imprison light and pump light of friendship form Magneto-Optical Trap, realize the cooling and imprison of atomic group.
6. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity based on two-dimentional crossed grating according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 adds
Velocity measuring device, which is characterized in that the vacuum chamber uses frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and combination pump three-level
Vacuum pump realizes the ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system.
7. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity based on two-dimentional crossed grating according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 adds
Velocity measuring device, which is characterized in that the light beam for expanding cylinder introducing includes cooling light, returns pump light, detection light and Raman light
Expand.
8. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom acceleration of gravity according to claim 7 based on two-dimentional crossed grating is surveyed
Measure device, which is characterized in that in the light beam difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights be 6.8GHz, a process atom after cooling
Group then applies pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse in the insensitive state of magnetic after prepared by state to atomic group, realizes former
The beam splitting of son group constructs an atomic interferometer with closing beam.
9. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity based on two-dimentional crossed grating according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 adds
Velocity measuring device, which is characterized in that coordinate back the effect of pump light by detecting light, measured respectively in the hyperfine energy of two ground state
Atomic population in grade, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity acceleration value.
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CN116466273A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-07-21 | 广东威纳格科技有限公司 | Atomic interferometer for synchronously measuring gravitational acceleration and magnetic field and method thereof |
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CN112421371B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-06-14 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Cold atom interferometer single laser light source system |
CN112764114A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-07 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Quantum absolute gravimeter and light path structure thereof |
CN112764114B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-06-24 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Quantum absolute gravimeter and light path structure thereof |
CN116466273A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-07-21 | 广东威纳格科技有限公司 | Atomic interferometer for synchronously measuring gravitational acceleration and magnetic field and method thereof |
CN116466273B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-08-29 | 广东威纳格科技有限公司 | Atomic interferometer for synchronously measuring gravitational acceleration and magnetic field and method thereof |
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