CN108172992B - Novel Archimedes spiral antenna for stepping frequency ground penetrating radar - Google Patents
Novel Archimedes spiral antenna for stepping frequency ground penetrating radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN108172992B CN108172992B CN201711426797.1A CN201711426797A CN108172992B CN 108172992 B CN108172992 B CN 108172992B CN 201711426797 A CN201711426797 A CN 201711426797A CN 108172992 B CN108172992 B CN 108172992B
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- antenna
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- spiral antenna
- ground penetrating
- penetrating radar
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004282 Grewia occidentalis Species 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/027—Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of design of a stepping frequency ground penetrating radar, and particularly relates to an Archimedes spiral antenna device for the stepping frequency ground penetrating radar; the antenna arm is a square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with four corners all having cutting angles, the cutting angles are isosceles right triangle-shaped, the angles of the cutting angles are gradually decreased from the center to the outside by 0.5-5 degrees per turn, the initial angle is not more than 45 degrees, and the square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with the four corners all having the cutting angles is loaded with terminal resistors at the position of the quarter wavelength of the minimum working frequency between the double arms and the tail end. The invention realizes a miniaturized, broadband and high-directivity Archimedes spiral antenna for a step frequency ground penetrating radar, the working frequency of the antenna is 250 MHz-1600 MHz, the size of the antenna is not more than 300mm multiplied by 300mm, the axial ratio is less than 3dB, the directional diagram is good, the gain is not less than 3dB, and the return loss S11 is less than-10 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design of a stepping frequency ground penetrating radar, and particularly relates to an Archimedes spiral antenna device for the stepping frequency ground penetrating radar.
Background
The ground penetrating radar is an efficient geophysical method for determining underground medium distribution by using high-frequency electromagnetic waves with the frequency of 100 MHz-4000 MHz; at present, two main working modes of the ground penetrating radar are provided, one is a ground penetrating radar of a time domain pulse mechanism, and the other is a ground penetrating radar of a stepping frequency mechanism.
Dividing the ground penetrating radar into a vehicle-mounted type, a manual dragging type and the like according to the carrying platform; the working occasions are relatively diverse, such as mountainous regions, plain regions, deserts and even glaciers; the application is very wide, such as urban building detection, mine detection, archaeological detection, mineral exploration, personnel search and rescue and the like; therefore, the smaller the volume of the apparatus, the better. In order to ensure the penetrability of the ground penetrating radar, the step frequency ground penetrating radar generally selects a wave band with longer wavelength, and meanwhile, in order to ensure high resolution, the radar must have wider bandwidth, an antenna is one of the most important parts of a radar system, and a miniaturized ultra-wideband antenna is an important guarantee for the performance of the step frequency ground penetrating radar.
The Archimedes spiral antenna is one of planar broadband antennas, has the characteristics of simple structure, wide frequency band, good radiation performance and the like, and is a common antenna in a ground penetrating radar system. Two types of Archimedes spiral antennas which are mainstream at present have a square Archimedes spiral antenna and a circular Archimedes spiral antenna, and both have advantages and disadvantages, the size of the square Archimedes spiral antenna is about 22 percent smaller than that of the circular Archimedes spiral antenna under the condition of the same working frequency based on the energy band theory, and the circular polarization performance of the circular Archimedes spiral antenna is obviously superior to that of the square Archimedes spiral antenna in a high frequency band, so that the Archimedes spiral antenna which is small in size, good in circular polarization performance, wide in frequency band, high in directivity and suitable for step frequency ground penetrating radars of various platforms is necessary to be developed by combining the advantages of the square Archimedes spiral antenna and the circular Archimedes spiral antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a miniaturized, broadband and high-directivity Archimedes spiral antenna for a step frequency ground penetrating radar, wherein the working frequency of the antenna is 250 MHz-1600 MHz, the size of the antenna is not more than 300mm multiplied by 300mm, the axial ratio is less than 3dB, the directional diagram is good, the gain is not less than 3dB, and the return loss S11 is less than-10 dB.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel Archimedes spiral antenna for a stepping frequency ground penetrating radar comprises a dielectric substrate, an antenna arm, a wave absorbing material, a reflecting cavity, an unbalanced-balanced feed balun and a coaxial connector; the antenna is characterized in that the antenna arm is a square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with four corners provided with cutting angles, the cutting angles are isosceles right triangles, the angles of the cutting angles are gradually decreased from the center to the outside by 0.5-5 degrees per circle, and the initial angle is not more than 45 degrees; and the four-corner square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with the cut corners is loaded with tail end resistors at the wavelength of one quarter of the minimum working frequency between the double arms and the tail end.
Furthermore, the arm width of the antenna arm is not less than 2mm, and the ratio of the distance between the arms to the arm width is 0.5-1.5.
Furthermore, the antenna arm is arranged on a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is arranged at the top end of the reflection cavity, the side wall in the reflection cavity is coated with a wave-absorbing material, an antenna feed port is formed in the center of the dielectric substrate, a via hole is formed in the center of the bottom end of the reflection cavity, and the unbalanced-balanced feed balun sequentially passes through the antenna feed port and the via hole to connect the antenna arm with the coaxial connector to realize electric connection.
It should be further noted that, the square double-arm spiral antenna sheet of the present invention has the cutting angles at four corners, wherein the cutting angles are isosceles right triangles, as shown in fig. 3, and the cutting angle represents an included angle θ formed by connecting two end points of the cutting angle to the central point of the antenna sheet; the ratio of the inter-arm distance to the arm width is as follows: l1: l2 is 0.5-1.5.
According to the radiation characteristics of the Archimedes spiral antenna, different regions radiate electromagnetic waves with different frequencies from high to low from inside to outside, the perimeter of an antenna arm of the radiation region is equal to the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the region, so that the size of the square antenna is reduced by about 22% under the same working frequency compared with that of the circular antenna, but the axial ratio performance of the square antenna is poorer than that of the circular antenna, therefore, the invention adds a chamfer angle on the basis of the square antenna, can ensure the axial ratio performance of the antenna and reduce the size of the antenna as much as possible, adopts a reflection cavity to realize the unidirectional radiation of the antenna, and adopts a matching balun to realize unbalanced-balanced feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the antenna arm adopts the square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with the cutting corners at four corners, so that the whole size of the antenna is small, the structure is compact, and the length multiplied by the width of the antenna is not more than 300mm multiplied by 300 mm;
2) the antenna adopts the variable cutting angle according to different radiation areas, thereby not only ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna, but also reducing the size of the antenna to the maximum extent;
3) the antenna uses the reflecting cavity and the wave-absorbing material is adhered to the side wall in the cavity, so that the influence of the side wall on the antenna relative to a high-frequency working wave band is reduced, the directional radiation of the antenna is realized, and the good radiation waveform of the antenna relative to the high-frequency working wave band is ensured;
4) the antenna loads the resistor at the tail end, so that the 'ringing effect' is weakened or even eliminated, the tail end reflection of the antenna is reduced, and the return loss performance is effectively improved;
5) the antenna has wide working frequency band, the return loss is less than-10 dB in the frequency band range of 250 MHz-1600 MHz, and the ultra-wide bandwidth is possessed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of the novel archimedes spiral antenna structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the novel Archimedes spiral antenna structure of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of an antenna arm according to the present invention;
the antenna comprises an antenna feed port 1, an antenna arm 2, a dielectric substrate 3, an unbalanced-balanced balun 4, a via hole 5, a wave-absorbing material 6, a balun fixing device 7, a coaxial SMA connector 8, a reflecting cavity 9, a loading resistor 10 and a chamfer 11.
Fig. 4 is a graph of a simulated return loss (S11) curve for a novel archimedes spiral antenna in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The embodiment provides a novel archimedes spiral antenna for a step frequency ground penetrating radar, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and the novel archimedes spiral antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 3, an antenna arm 2, a wave-absorbing material 6, a reflection cavity 9, an unbalanced-balanced feed balun 4 and a coaxial connector 8; the antenna arm 2 is arranged on a dielectric substrate 3, the dielectric substrate 3 is arranged at the top end 9 of a reflection cavity, a wave-absorbing material 6 is coated on the inner wall of the reflection cavity 9, an antenna feed port 1 is formed in the center of the dielectric substrate 3, a through hole 5 is formed in the center of the bottom end of the reflection cavity 9, and the unbalanced-balanced feed balun 4 connects the antenna arm 2 with a coaxial connector 8 through the antenna feed port 1 and the through hole 5 in sequence to realize electric connection; the coaxial connector 8 is fixed on the reflecting cavity 9 through a balun fixing device 7; the antenna arm 2 is a square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with four corners provided with cutting angles, as shown in fig. 3, the cutting angles are isosceles right triangles, the angles of the cutting angles are gradually decreased from the center to the outside in a stepping mode of 1.04 degrees/circle, and the initial angle is 37 degrees; the square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with the four corners provided with the cutting corners is loaded with terminal resistors at the wavelength of one quarter of the minimum working frequency between the double arms and the terminal; the arm width of the antenna arm is 2mm, the ratio of the distance between the arms to the arm width is 0.5, the antenna size is 300mm multiplied by 300mm in length multiplied by width, and the number of turns is 23.
In the embodiment, a square corner-cut antenna arm 2 is etched on a copper-clad Arlon AR 450 or similar electric parameter dielectric plate by using a high-precision etching process such as a photoetching technology; the wave absorbing material 6 is attached to the inner side wall of the reflection cavity 9, the antenna substrate 3 is fixed at the top end of the reflection cavity 9 by using strong glue, the unbalanced-balanced balun 4 penetrates through the reflection cavity through hole 5 and is fixed on the reflection cavity 9 by using a balun fixing device 7, then the antenna substrate and the antenna arm 2 are welded together, and the coaxial SMA connector 8 is welded at the tail end of the antenna substrate, so that the coaxial SMA connector 8 is electrically connected with the unbalanced-balanced balun 4 and then the square corner-cut antenna arm 2.
In the embodiment, the reflecting cavity is made of copper or aluminum and other materials with good conductivity, the length and width of the cavity are conformal with the substrate, the height of the cavity is about one fourth of the maximum working wavelength, and a layer of wave-absorbing material with the lowest working frequency not less than 600MHz is attached to the side wall inside the cavity; and the tail end loading resistor disconnects the antenna arms at the position of the antenna arms about one quarter wavelength away from the tail end with the minimum working frequency, and the antenna arms are connected by using the resistor to complete tail end resistor loading.
As shown in fig. 4, which is a graph of simulated return loss (S11) of the novel archimedes spiral antenna, the return loss is less than-10 dB in the frequency band range of 250MHz to 1600MHz, which shows that the antenna has good broadband characteristics.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Claims (3)
1. An Archimedes spiral antenna for a stepping frequency ground penetrating radar comprises a dielectric substrate, an antenna arm, a wave absorbing material, a reflecting cavity, an unbalanced-balanced feed balun and a coaxial connector; the antenna is characterized in that the antenna arm is a square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with four corners provided with cutting angles, the cutting angles are isosceles right triangles, the angles of the cutting angles are gradually decreased from the center to the outside by 0.5-5 degrees per circle, and the initial angle is not more than 45 degrees; the square double-arm spiral antenna sheet with the four corners provided with the cutting corners is loaded with terminal resistors at the position which is one quarter wavelength away from the minimum working frequency of the terminals of the double arms; the angle of the chamfer represents the angle formed by connecting two end points on the long edge of the chamfer with the central point of the antenna sheet.
2. An archimedean spiral antenna according to claim 1, wherein the arms of the antenna have an arm width of not less than 2mm and the ratio of the inter-arm spacing to the arm width is 0.5 to 1.5.
3. An archimedean spiral antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna arms are disposed on a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is disposed on the top of the reflection cavity, the inner side wall of the reflection cavity is coated with a wave-absorbing material, an antenna feeding port is formed in the center of the dielectric substrate, a via hole is formed in the center of the bottom of the reflection cavity, and the unbalanced-balanced feeding balun connects the antenna arms to the coaxial connectors through the antenna feeding port and the via hole in order to realize electrical connection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711426797.1A CN108172992B (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | Novel Archimedes spiral antenna for stepping frequency ground penetrating radar |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711426797.1A CN108172992B (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | Novel Archimedes spiral antenna for stepping frequency ground penetrating radar |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108172992A CN108172992A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
| CN108172992B true CN108172992B (en) | 2020-06-16 |
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| CN201711426797.1A Expired - Fee Related CN108172992B (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | Novel Archimedes spiral antenna for stepping frequency ground penetrating radar |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109586028A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-04-05 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of dual polarization open boundary antenna |
| CN111987427A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-24 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband low-profile Archimedes magnetic window antenna |
| CN113690586B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-03-21 | 电子科技大学 | Directional antenna for underwater ground penetrating radar |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2641752A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-23 | Thales | Compact broadband antenna |
| CN104733870A (en) * | 2015-03-21 | 2015-06-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Circular polarization broadband helical antenna |
| CN106876924A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨黑石科技有限公司 | A kind of UWB antennas based on defect ground structure |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4826195B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2011-11-30 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | RFID tag |
| FR2981514B1 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-11-01 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | ANTENNAIRE SYSTEM WITH ONE OR MORE SPIRALS (S) AND RECONFIGURABLE |
| WO2013096867A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Trustees Of Tufts College | System method and apparatus including hybrid spiral antenna |
| CN107317091B (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2020-08-21 | 电子科技大学 | Archimedes spiral antenna device for airborne ground penetrating radar |
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2017
- 2017-12-26 CN CN201711426797.1A patent/CN108172992B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2641752A1 (en) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-23 | Thales | Compact broadband antenna |
| CN104733870A (en) * | 2015-03-21 | 2015-06-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Circular polarization broadband helical antenna |
| CN106876924A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨黑石科技有限公司 | A kind of UWB antennas based on defect ground structure |
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| CN108172992A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
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