CN108172680A - A kind of cubic phase Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of cubic phase Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108172680A CN108172680A CN201810065984.XA CN201810065984A CN108172680A CN 108172680 A CN108172680 A CN 108172680A CN 201810065984 A CN201810065984 A CN 201810065984A CN 108172680 A CN108172680 A CN 108172680A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/855—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising compounds containing boron, carbon, oxygen or nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/10—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying using centrifugal force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cubic phase Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials and preparation method thereof, include the following steps：Ca powder, Ge powder are uniformly mixed under argon atmosphere；It is positioned in the cold-crucible of Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending smelting furnace, is warmed to 940 ~ 1100 DEG C, melting is for a period of time；The liquid of obtained melting is placed in vacuum quick quenching furnace, is filled with high-purity argon gas, carries out alloy remelting；Then melt is water cooled molybdenum wheel and is thrown away with the linear velocity of 25 ~ 50 m/s, obtains needle-shaped powder solidifying soon；After the ground sieving of obtained powder, 200 ~ 400 DEG C of held for some time are warming up to, sample is made in then hot pressing；Finally sample hot pressing is placed in vacuum tube furnace, is heated to 400 ~ 700 DEG C and held for some time, furnace cooling obtains cubic phase Ca2Ge.The cubic phase Ca that the present invention obtains2Ge material alloys ingredient and even tissue, close structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thermoelectricity field of functional materials more particularly to a kind of cubic phase Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials and its preparation side
Method.
Background technology
With the getting worse of consumption and the environmental pollution of non-renewable energy resources, a kind of high efficiency, free of contamination energy are found
Source conversion regime has become current urgent problem.Thermoelectric material is that a kind of current-carrying by solid interior gives migration,
So as to fulfill the environmentally friendly semiconductor functional material mutually converted between thermal energy and electric energy.It is set by what thermoelectric material was formed
Standby have many advantages, small, noiseless, pollution-free etc., and it is numerous to can be applied to heat energy power-generating, semiconductor refrigerating equipment etc.
Field.The judgment criteria of pyroelectric material performance dimensionless figure of merit ZT=S2σ T/κ represent, wherein S be Seebeck coefficients, σ
For conductivity, κ is thermal conductivity, and Τ is absolute temperature, thus have concurrently simultaneously higher conductivity and Seebeck coefficients and compared with
The material of lower thermal conductivity has higher conversion efficiency of thermoelectric.
Ge is a kind of semiconductor element, and content is compared with horn of plenty in the earth's crust, due to containing Ge in seldom ore, so changing
It learns and is found more late in history.Ge is the semi-conducting material of direct band gap again, there is good photo electric, with existing Si skills
Art has good compatibility, is expected to become efficient solar cell.Ca2Ge is a kind of novel environment amenable semiconductor
Material, available for electronic device and solar cell.For germanide Ca2Ge, it is by two kinds of service life extremely long Elements C a
With Ge form, the recycling that can be recycled, a series of substantially pollution-free etc. features to environment and receive much attention.
The characteristics of due to Ca effumabilities, brings trouble to its preparation.It will appear in the reaction process of Ca and Ge in 6
Between phase, due to technology of preparing, Ca can be generated simultaneously5Ge3、CaGe2, the compounds such as CaGe, cause its purity not high.This
Literary grace rapid solidification method, under vacuum conditions, the techniques such as smelting in suspension, quick solidification, nitrogen treatment and annealing, synthesis
Single-phase cubic phase Ca2Ge disc-shaped samples, become desired thermoelectric material.At present, for cubic phase Ca2The preparation process of Ge
It studies less.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention, which are to provide, a kind of can obtain single-phase, uniform small grains cubic phase
Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials and preparation method thereof.
To solve the above problems, a kind of cubic phase Ca of the present invention2Ge thermoelectric materials and preparation method thereof, including with
Lower step：
1. a kind of cubic phase Ca2The preparation method of Ge materials, includes the following steps：
（1）Ca powder, Ge powder are pressed into Ca: Ge = (2.0~2.8) :1 molar ratio is uniformly mixed under argon atmosphere；
（2）By Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting stove evacuation, argon gas protection is re-filled with, by step（1）Obtained mixture is placed in
In the cold-crucible of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending smelting furnace, 940 ~ 1100 DEG C are warmed to, Ca and Ge in crucible is made to be in melting
State, 15 ~ 45 min of smelting time, surface impurity is removed after melting；Melting and this process that cleans repeat 1 ~ 5 time；
（3）By step（2）The liquid of obtained melting is placed in vacuum quick quenching furnace, then is filled with high-purity argon gas, carries out alloy remelting；
Then melt is water cooled molybdenum wheel and is thrown away with the linear velocity of 25 ~ 50 m/s, and cooling velocity range is 104~109K/s is obtained needle-shaped
Solidifying powder soon；
（4）By step（3）After obtained powder manually grinds and crosses 80 ~ 160 μm of sieves, under vacuum, it is warming up to 200 ~
400 DEG C of 1 ~ 12 h of heat preservation, and then the mechanical pressure for applying 10 ~ 15 Mpa is heated up with excluding the gas between powder as far as possible
15 ~ 90 min of hot pressing under the conditions of to 400 ~ 700 DEG C and 30 ~ 60 MPa, is made blocky sample；
（5）By step（4）Obtained blocky sample is placed in vacuum tube furnace, is heated to 400 ~ 700 DEG C and is kept the temperature 5 ~ 40 h,
Then furnace cooling obtains cubic phase Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials.
Step（1）In the purity of Ca powder be the purity of 99% ~ 99.9%, Ge powder be 99% ~ 99.9%；
Step（2）Described in crucible using preceding successively using deionized water, alcohol, acetone progress ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic wave is clear
Total time is washed as 10 ~ 40 min；10 ~ 45 kW of heating power range of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting, heating rate are
20~80 ℃/min；
Step（1）~（3）Middle purity of argon is 99%-99.99%；
Step（2）~（5）Middle vacuum degree is 10-2~10-4 Pa。
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1）Magnetic induction smelting in suspension is using sensing behavior of the material in high frequency magnetic field, and material warms is made to melt and reach melting
Purpose.Due to the effect in magnetic field, in suspended state after material fusing, so as to which the experiment material for reducing molten state connects with crucible
Touch reaction and caused by pollution, and be conducive to the homogenization of ingredient；
2）Rapid solidification has sizable cooling velocity, and since cooling velocity is exceedingly fast, other mutually have little time to generate, preferentially
Form Ca2Ge, thus achieved is that single-phase Ca2Ge does not have other impurities phase, and the diffusion of atom long-range is suppressed, not only
Make crystal grain tiny, also substantially reduce annealing time；Hot-pressing technique can reduce sintering under the premise of material density is ensured
Temperature shortens sintering time, is conducive to that the crystal grain of material in hot procedure is inhibited to grow up；
3）Can bear higher hot pressing pressure at a lower temperature, can control the volatilization of Ca well, thus product into
Divide and fix, obtain single-phase Ca2Ge；
4）Easy to operate using the preparation process of rapid solidification method combination hot pressing, reaction temperature is relatively low, and can accurately control
Atomic ratio, the ingredient of Ca, Ge processed are controllable, meet large-scale production needs, reduce cost；
5）XRD diffraction analysis is carried out to the material of the present invention and shows that the object is mutually cubic phase Ca2Ge (see Fig. 1)；By to SEM
The cubic phase Ca that the analysis of photo obtains2Ge material grains are tiny, alloying component and even tissue, close structure (see Fig. 3).
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is 1 corresponding block cubic phase Ca of the embodiment of the present invention2The XRD spectrums of Ge thermoelectric materials；
Fig. 2 is cubic phase Ca of the present invention2The structure diagram of Ge；
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope pattern of 1 corresponding block thermoelectric material of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation method
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail below by embodiment, but the present invention protects content to be not limited only to
This.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cubic phase Ca2The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, includes the following steps：
（1）Ca powder, Ge powder are pressed into Ca: Ge = 2.3 :1 molar ratio is uniformly mixed under argon atmosphere；
（2）By Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting stove evacuation, it is re-filled with argon gas protection.By step（1）Obtained mixture is placed in
In the cold-crucible of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending smelting furnace, 1100 DEG C are warmed to, Ca and Ge in crucible is made to be in molten
State, 30 min of smelting time；Surface impurity is removed after melting.Melting and dedoping step 3 times repeatedly；
（3）By step（2）The liquid of obtained melting is placed in vacuum quick quenching furnace, then is filled with high-purity argon gas, carries out alloy remelting；
Then melt is water cooled molybdenum wheel and is thrown away with the linear velocity of 25 m/s, and cooling velocity range is 104~109K/s is obtained needle-shaped fast solidifying
Powder；
（4）By step（3）After obtained powder manually grinds and crosses 110 μm of sieves, under vacuum, it is warming up to 200 DEG C of guarantors
2 h of temperature, and the mechanical pressure for applying 12 Mpa then heats to 700 DEG C and 50 to exclude the gas between powder as far as possible
30 min of hot pressing under the conditions of MPa, is made blocky sample；
（5）By step（4）Obtained blocky sample is placed in vacuum tube furnace, is heated to 400 DEG C and is kept the temperature 20 h, Ran Housui
Furnace cooling but, obtains cubic phase Ca2Ge samples.
Step（1）In the purity of Ca powder be the purity of 99%, Ge powder be 99%；
Step（2）Described in crucible using preceding successively using deionized water, alcohol, acetone progress ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic wave is clear
Total time is washed as 30 min；15 kW of heating power range of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting, heating rate for 25 DEG C/
min；
Step（1）~（3）Middle purity of argon is 99%；The step（2）~（5）Middle vacuum degree is 10-3 Pa。
Embodiment 2
A kind of cubic phase Ca2The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, includes the following steps：
（1）Ca powder, Ge powder are pressed into Ca: Ge = 2.5 :1 molar ratio is uniformly mixed under argon atmosphere；
（2）By Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting stove evacuation, it is re-filled with argon gas protection.By step（1）Obtained mixture is placed in
In the cold-crucible of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending smelting furnace, 950 DEG C are warmed to, Ca and Ge in crucible is made to be in molten condition,
45 min of smelting time；Surface impurity is removed after melting.Melting and dedoping step 4 times repeatedly；
（3）By step（2）The liquid of obtained melting is placed in vacuum quick quenching furnace, then is filled with high-purity argon gas, carries out alloy remelting；
Then melt is water cooled molybdenum wheel and is thrown away with the linear velocity of 45 m/s, and cooling velocity range is 104~109K/s is obtained needle-shaped fast solidifying
Powder；
（4）By step（3）After obtained powder manually grinds and crosses 80 μm of sieves, under vacuum, it is warming up to 300 DEG C of guarantors
5 h of temperature, and the mechanical pressure for applying 10 Mpa then heats to 600 DEG C and 60 to exclude the gas between powder as far as possible
90 min of hot pressing under the conditions of MPa, is made blocky sample；
（5）By step（4）Obtained blocky sample is placed in vacuum tube furnace, is heated to 600 DEG C and is kept the temperature 8 h, then with stove
Cooling, obtains cubic phase Ca2Ge samples.
Step（1）In the purity of Ca powder be the purity of 99.5%, Ge powder be 99.5%；
Step（2）Described in crucible using preceding successively using deionized water, alcohol, acetone progress ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic wave is clear
Total time is washed as 15 min；30 kW of heating power range of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting, heating rate for 75 DEG C/
min；
Step（1）~（3）Middle purity of argon is 99.5%；The step（2）~（5）Middle vacuum degree is 10-4 Pa。
Embodiment 3
A kind of cubic phase Ca2The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, includes the following steps：
（1）Ca powder, Ge powder are pressed into Ca: Ge = 2.8 :1 molar ratio is uniformly mixed under argon atmosphere；
（2）By Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting stove evacuation, it is re-filled with argon gas protection.By step（1）Obtained mixture is placed in
In the cold-crucible of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending smelting furnace, 1000 DEG C are warmed to, Ca and Ge in crucible is made to be in molten
State, 15 min of smelting time；Surface impurity is removed after melting.Melting and dedoping step 5 times repeatedly；
（3）By step（2）The liquid of obtained melting is placed in vacuum quick quenching furnace, then is filled with high-purity argon gas, carries out alloy remelting；
Then melt is water cooled molybdenum wheel and is thrown away with the linear velocity of 30 m/s, and cooling velocity range is 104~109K/s is obtained needle-shaped fast solidifying
Powder；
（4）By step（3）After obtained powder manually grinds and crosses 160 μm of sieves, under vacuum, it is warming up to 400 DEG C of guarantors
11 h of temperature, and the mechanical pressure for applying 15 Mpa then heats to 500 DEG C and 30 to exclude the gas between powder as far as possible
60 min of hot pressing under the conditions of MPa, is made blocky sample；
（5）By step（4）Obtained blocky sample is placed in vacuum tube furnace, is heated to 700 DEG C and is kept the temperature 40 h, Ran Housui
Furnace cooling but, obtains cubic phase Ca2Ge samples.
Step（1）In the purity of Ca powder be the purity of 99.9%, Ge powder be 99.9%；
Step（2）Described in crucible using preceding successively using deionized water, alcohol, acetone progress ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic wave is clear
Total time is washed as 40 min；30 kW of heating power range of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting, heating rate for 50 DEG C/
min；
Step（1）~（3）Middle purity of argon is 99.9%；The step（2）~（5）Middle vacuum degree is 10-2 Pa。
1 cubic phase Ca of table2The atom site of Ge
Cubic phase Ca prepared by 2 embodiment 1 of table2The constituent analysis of Ge
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent are with repairing
Decorations should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cubic phase Ca2The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
（1）Ca powder, Ge powder are pressed into Ca: Ge = 2.0~2.8 :1 molar ratio is uniformly mixed under argon atmosphere；
（2）By Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting stove evacuation, argon gas protection is re-filled with, by step（1）Obtained mixture is placed in
In the cold-crucible of the Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending smelting furnace, 940 ~ 1100 DEG C are warmed to, Ca and Ge in crucible is made to be in melting
State, 15 ~ 45 min of smelting time, surface impurity is removed after melting；Melting and dedoping step repeat 1 ~ 5 time；
（3）By step（2）The liquid of obtained melting is placed in vacuum quick quenching furnace, then is filled with high-purity argon gas, carries out alloy remelting；
Then melt is water cooled molybdenum wheel and is thrown away with the linear velocity of 25 ~ 50 m/s, and cooling velocity range is 104~109K/s is obtained needle-shaped
Solidifying powder soon；
（4）By step（3）After obtained powder manually grinds and crosses 80 ~ 160 μm of sieves, under vacuum, it is warming up to 200 ~
400 DEG C heat preservation 1 ~ 12 h, and apply 10 ~ 15 Mpa mechanical pressure to exclude the gas between powder, then at 400 ~ 700 DEG C
With 15 ~ 90 min of hot pressing under the conditions of 30 ~ 60 MPa, blocky sample is made；
（5）By step（4）Obtained blocky sample is placed in vacuum tube furnace, is heated to 400 ~ 700 DEG C and is kept the temperature 5 ~ 40 h,
Then furnace cooling finally obtains cubic phase Ca2Ge thermoelectric materials.
2. a kind of cubic phase Ca according to claim 12The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, it is characterised in that：The step
（1）In the purity of Ca powder be the purity of 99% ~ 99.9%, Ge powder be 99% ~ 99.9%.
3. a kind of cubic phase Ca according to claim 12The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly（2）Successively using deionized water, alcohol, acetone progress ultrasonic cleaning before middle crucible use, ultrasonic cleaning total time is
10~40 min。
4. a kind of cubic phase Ca according to claim 12The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly（2）10 ~ 45 kW of heating power range of middle Vacuum Magnetic induction suspending melting, heating rate are 20 ~ 80 DEG C/min.
5. a kind of cubic phase Ca according to claim 12The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, it is characterised in that：The step
（1）~（3）Middle purity of argon is 99%-99.99%.
6. a kind of cubic phase Ca according to claim 12The preparation method of Ge thermoelectric materials, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly（2）~（5）Middle vacuum degree is 10-2~10-4 Pa。
7. the cubic phase Ca made from preparation method as described in claim 1-6 is any2Ge thermoelectric materials.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113897503A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-01-07 | 先导薄膜材料（广东）有限公司 | P-type thermoelectric material GeSi target and preparation method thereof |
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| US20060225817A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-12 | Konstantin Chuntonov | Gas sorbents on the basis of intermetallic compounds and a method for producing the same |
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2018
- 2018-01-24 CN CN201810065984.XA patent/CN108172680B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US20060225817A1 (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-12 | Konstantin Chuntonov | Gas sorbents on the basis of intermetallic compounds and a method for producing the same |
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| JUN-ICHI TANI AND HIROYASU KIDO: "《Investigation of structural, elastic, and lattice-dynamical properties of Ca2Si, Ca2Ge, and Ca2Sn based on first-principles density functional theory》", 《COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113897503A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2022-01-07 | 先导薄膜材料（广东）有限公司 | P-type thermoelectric material GeSi target and preparation method thereof |
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