CN108170981B - Method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit fault of stator of double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator - Google Patents

Method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit fault of stator of double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator Download PDF

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CN108170981B
CN108170981B CN201810038587.3A CN201810038587A CN108170981B CN 108170981 B CN108170981 B CN 108170981B CN 201810038587 A CN201810038587 A CN 201810038587A CN 108170981 B CN108170981 B CN 108170981B
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stator
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fed asynchronous
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doubly
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CN108170981A (en
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马宏忠
李思源
蒋梦瑶
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit faults of a stator of a double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator, which comprises the following steps of 1: establishing a short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator on an abc coordinate system, converting the mathematical model from the abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, solving a voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, and expressing the voltage and flux linkage equation into a state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator; step 2: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, a doubly-fed asynchronous generator fault diagnosis circuit model is built based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and stator current time domain oscillograms corresponding to different mu values are obtained through circuit model simulation; and step 3: and respectively comparing the amplitude change characteristics of the time-frequency spectrogram with the mu being 0 and the mu being not 0, extracting and judging the fault characteristics of the turn-to-turn short circuit of the stator, and using the fault characteristics for diagnosing the short circuit of the double-fed asynchronous generator. The invention ensures the integrity of the whole structure operation of the motor and has strong reliability of the diagnosis result.

Description

Method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit fault of stator of double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit faults of a stator of a double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator, and belongs to the technical field of state detection and fault diagnosis of a driving motor.
Background
The damage of adjacent turns or a plurality of turns of coil insulation layers in a stator winding of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator can cause turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the stator, the occurrence probability of the faults accounts for more than 15% of all fault types of the motor, and the faults are one of the main types of the motor faults. A small turn-to-turn fault can form a short-circuit current in the short-circuit ring, so that the short-circuit position of the motor is heated more and more, and an adjacent insulating layer is damaged to cause larger damage of the short-circuit of the coil. Therefore, the motor fault is required to be processed in time, and the more serious motor fault in the later period is avoided.
At present, the research on the double-fed asynchronous generator stator winding fault diagnosis at home and abroad still does not form a system. The Mirzoian scholars and Williamson scholars put forward an online monitoring method for the faults of the stator windings of the induction motors for the first time in 1985; jensen B.B. and Popa L.M. scholars of the university of Timisoara of Romania are connected with reactance in parallel on a stator winding to simulate the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator winding by using an experimental method, and the current of a stator and a rotor is monitored in real time and is correspondingly analyzed; the university scholars of Bologna, Italy Rossi C, Stefani A and Picadie university scholars of French Yazidi A detect stator winding faults by analyzing rotor current modulation signals; nandi S and Shah D, university scholars of Victoria, canada, propose a method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a stator based on detecting coil voltage and rotor current harmonic quantity, and the effect is ideal; the method is novel but difficult to build.
The new method for diagnosing and researching the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator of the double-fed asynchronous generator based on HHT and FFT method comparison has high diagnosis reliability and strong operability.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for diagnosing the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a stator of a double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a stator of a double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a double-fed asynchronous generator short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model on an abc coordinate system, converting the mathematical model from the abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, and solving a voltage and flux linkage equation of the double-fed asynchronous generator; in order to simulate the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the voltage and flux linkage equation is expressed into a state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
step 2: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, a doubly-fed asynchronous generator fault diagnosis circuit model is built based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and stator current time domain oscillograms corresponding to different mu values are obtained through circuit model simulation;
and step 3: and performing frequency domain conversion on stator current time domain oscillograms with different mu values by using Fourier FFT (fast Fourier transform), analyzing Fourier spectrograms, respectively comparing amplitude change characteristics of the spectrograms when mu is 0 and mu is 0, wherein mu represents the proportion of short circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and mu is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, extracting and judging fault characteristics of stator turn-to-turn short circuit, and using the fault characteristics for short circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator.
Preferably, the step 3: and performing frequency domain conversion on stator current time domain oscillograms with different mu values by using Hilbert-yellow HHT (Hilbert-Huang transform), analyzing Hilbert marginal spectrograms, and respectively comparing amplitude change characteristics of time-frequency spectrograms with mu being 0 and mu being 0, wherein mu represents the proportion of short-circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and mu is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, so that fault characteristics of stator turn-to-turn short circuit are extracted and judged for short circuit diagnosis of the double-fed asynchronous generator.
Preferably, the step 1 comprises:
step 1.1: establishing a double-fed asynchronous generator short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model on an abc coordinate system, wherein as2The short-circuit wire turns are represented, mu represents the proportion of the short-circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and when mu is 0, the winding is in a normal state; by using mu.LlsIndicating leakage inductance of shorted turns, LlsIs the leakage inductance of each phase; setting short-circuit fault impedance to resistive impedance Zf；
The mathematical model in abc coordinates is expressed as:
vs＝Rsis+dλs/dt
0＝Rrir+dλr/dt (1)
wherein, Vs: stator voltage, Rs: stator resistance matrix, is: stator current, λsStator flux linkage, Rr: rotor resistance matrix ir: rotor current, λrRotor flux linkage, t: a time variable;
wherein the solution formula of each quantity is as follows:
vs＝[vas1 vas2 vbs vcs]T
is＝[ias(ias-if)ibs ics]T
ir＝[iar ibr icr]T
λs＝[λas1 λas2 λbs λcs]T＝Lssis+Lsrir
λr＝[λar λbr λcr]T＝Lsris+Lrrir (2)
wherein, Vas1: phase turns A removes the voltage of the short circuit turns;
Vas2: the voltage that shorts the turns;
Vbs: a stator B phase voltage;
Vcs: a stator C phase voltage;
ias、ibs、ics: A. b, C three-phase stator currents; i.e. iar、ibr、icr: A. b, C three-phase rotor currents;
if: exciting current;
λas1: the phase turns A remove the flux linkage of the short-circuited turns;
λas2: a flux linkage short-circuiting the turns;
λbs: b phase stator flux linkage;
λcs: c-phase stator flux linkage;
λar、λbr、λcr: A. b, C three-phase rotor flux linkage;
Lss: the stator is mutually inductive;
Lsr: the stator and the rotor are mutually inducted;
Lrr: the rotor is mutually inducted;
the stator and rotor resistance matrix in equation (1) is as follows:
Rs＝Rsdiag[1 -μ μ 0 0]
Rr＝RrI3×3 (3)
I3×3: a stator and rotor 3X3 current positive matrix;
the stator and rotor inductance matrix in equation (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000041
Figure BDA0001548085530000042
Figure BDA0001548085530000043
Lls: leakage inductance of each phase of the stator; l isms: each phase of excitation inductance of the stator;
step 1.2: converting the mathematical model from an abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, and firstly obtaining a voltage and flux linkage initial equation as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000044
Figure BDA0001548085530000045
wherein, V's: stator voltage in case of fault; i's: stator current in the event of a fault; lambda's: stator flux linkage in the event of a fault;
wherein the solution formula of each quantity is as follows:
v's＝[vas vbs vcs]T
i's＝[ias ibs ics]T
λ's＝[(λas1+λas2)λbs λcs]T＝L'ssi's+L'srir+μA2if
Figure BDA0001548085530000046
A1＝-[R s 0 0]T
A2＝[-(Lls+Lms)Lms/2Lms/2]T
A3＝-Lms[cosθr cos(θr+2π/3)cos(θr-2π/3)]T (6)
wherein L isls: leakage inductance of each phase of the stator; l isms: each phase of excitation inductance of the stator; a. the1、A2、A3: stator voltage, stator flux linkage and rotor flux linkage short circuit degree coefficient matrixes under the condition of faults;
the adjusted inductance matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000051
Figure BDA0001548085530000052
Lss': self-inductance between stators, Lsr': mutual inductance between the stator and the rotor;
further short-circuited turns as are obtained2The voltage and flux linkage equations of (a) are as follows:
vas2＝μRs(ias-if)+dλas2/dt＝Rfif
Figure BDA0001548085530000053
Rf: a fault resistance;
converting the equation (5) and the equation (8) from the abc coordinate system to the dq coordinate system to obtain the voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, wherein the equation is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000054
Figure BDA0001548085530000055
Figure BDA0001548085530000056
Figure BDA0001548085530000057
Figure BDA0001548085530000058
Figure BDA0001548085530000059
Figure BDA00015480855300000510
stator voltage under dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA00015480855300000511
stator current under dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA00015480855300000512
a stator center point voltage;
Figure BDA00015480855300000513
a stator center point flux linkage; l ism: the inductance of the excitation is set to be,
Figure BDA00015480855300000514
the stator flux linkage under the dq coordinate system,
Figure BDA00015480855300000515
rotor flux linkage, L, under dq coordinate systems: stator inductance, Lr: a rotor inductance;
where p represents the operator d/dt, and:
Figure BDA00015480855300000516
Figure BDA00015480855300000517
Figure BDA00015480855300000518
Figure BDA00015480855300000519
Figure BDA00015480855300000520
stator fault resistance vector under dq coordinate;
Figure BDA00015480855300000521
a direct axis stator fault resistance numerical value;
Figure BDA00015480855300000522
a quadrature axis stator fault resistance magnitude value; omegar: rotor angular velocity; thetar: the rotor rotates through an electric angle; j: an imaginary symbol;
step 1.3: in order to simulate the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator is expressed into a state space equation
Figure BDA0001548085530000061
For a state space vector, the state space equation is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000062
wherein,
Figure BDA0001548085530000063
Figure BDA0001548085530000064
a q-axis component of the stator flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA0001548085530000065
a d-axis component of the stator flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA0001548085530000066
a q-axis component of the rotor flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA0001548085530000067
the d-axis component of the rotor flux linkage in the dq coordinate system.
Preferably, the step 2 comprises:
step 2.1: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, building a fault diagnosis circuit model of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and simulating a stator current simulation diagram when the motor is in no-load under the condition that the doubly-fed asynchronous generator normally operates;
step 2.2: and simulating the stator single-phase turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator in different degrees, setting the phase A as a fault phase, and setting different short circuit fault degrees by converting mu values between 0 and 1 to obtain stator current simulation graphs when the turn-to-turn short circuit faults in different degrees occur.
Preferably, the step 3 comprises:
step 3.1: the stator current simulation graph of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator under the normal operation and short-circuit fault conditions is transformed by FFT to obtain a Fourier frequency spectrum graph of the signal, the amplitude of the Fourier frequency spectrum graph under the normal operation and short-circuit fault conditions is compared, and the fault characteristics that the amplitude of the stator current fundamental frequency is reduced before and after the fault and the amplitudes of other frequencies are increased are obtained and are used for short-circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
step 3.2: superposing two cosine signals with frequencies of 10Hz and 50Hz respectively into a composite signal with an expression of z-4 cos (20 pi t) +10cos (100 pi t) for simulating a stator current signal, setting a sampling frequency to be 1000Hz, selecting FFT (fast Fourier transform) and HHT (high frequency transform) respectively, obtaining a Fourier spectrogram and a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of the signal, comparing frequency values corresponding to all amplitude peak values of the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram, and obtaining frequency values corresponding to the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram which are consistent, wherein the composite signal is used for verifying that both the FFT and the HHT can be used for fault diagnosis of the stator current;
step 3.3: the HHT marginal spectrogram and the FFT spectrogram are compared to obtain that current signal energy in the Hilbert marginal spectrum is concentrated at a fundamental frequency without redundant side lobes, when stator turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the same degree are processed, the HHT marginal spectrogram can better reflect the real situation of frequency distribution than the FFT spectrogram, and the diagnosis effect of HHT transformation is superior to that of FFT transformation.
Preferably, the step 3 comprises:
step 3.1: the method comprises the steps that a stator current simulation graph of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault is converted by HHT, a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of a signal is obtained, the Hilbert marginal spectrogram under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault is compared in amplitude, and fault characteristics that the amplitude of a stator current fundamental frequency is reduced before and after the fault and the amplitudes of other frequencies are increased are obtained and are used for short-circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
step 3.2: superposing two cosine signals with frequencies of 10Hz and 50Hz respectively into a composite signal with an expression of z-4 cos (20 pi t) +10cos (100 pi t) for simulating a stator current signal, setting a sampling frequency to be 1000Hz, selecting FFT (fast Fourier transform) and HHT (high frequency transform) respectively, obtaining a Fourier spectrogram and a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of the signal, comparing frequency values corresponding to all amplitude peak values of the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram, and obtaining frequency values corresponding to the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram which are consistent, wherein the composite signal is used for verifying that both the FFT and the HHT can be used for fault diagnosis of the stator current;
step 3.3: the HHT marginal spectrogram and the FFT spectrogram are compared to obtain that current signal energy in the Hilbert marginal spectrum is concentrated at a fundamental frequency without redundant side lobes, when stator turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the same degree are processed, the HHT marginal spectrogram can better reflect the real situation of frequency distribution than the FFT spectrogram, and the diagnosis effect of HHT transformation is superior to that of FFT transformation.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit faults of a stator of a double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator, which is used for judging and diagnosing whether the turn-to-turn short circuit faults occur in the stator winding of the double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator according to the comparison of a stator current HHT marginal spectrogram and an FFT spectrogram in the operating state of the double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator. The invention has the advantages that:
1. the stator and the rotor of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator do not need to be separated for respective research, the running integrity of the whole structure of the motor is ensured, and the reliability of a diagnosis result is high;
2. and certain theoretical guidance is provided at the initial stage of diagnosis of the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator winding, so that the diagnosis of the fault is facilitated, and the fault characteristic quantity is further accurately analyzed and extracted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-fed asynchronous generator stator A phase winding turn-to-turn short circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the diagnosis of the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a double-fed asynchronous generator diagnosis circuit model built based on MATLAB/SIMULINK according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a no-load simulation diagram of a doubly-fed asynchronous generator under normal conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of stator currents when the doubly-fed asynchronous generator related to the invention has inter-turn short circuit faults of different degrees when the doubly-fed asynchronous generator is in no-load;
FIG. 6 is a Fourier spectrogram and Hilbert margin spectrogram of a composite signal in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a HHT marginal spectrogram and FFT spectrogram of a doubly-fed asynchronous generator in normal and different degrees of turn-to-turn short circuit faults.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The doubly-fed asynchronous generator is essentially a standard wound-rotor asynchronous motor, so for simplification, a model can be built by externally applying a voltage source on the rotor side; although the winding motor has the problems of large eddy current loss of the rotor and limited speed regulation working range, the structure and the operation principle of the winding motor are basically the same, so the winding motor can be used for replacing a double-fed motor. As shown in FIG. 1, wherein as2The short-circuit wire turns are shown, mu represents the proportion of the short-circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and when mu is 0, the winding is in a normal state; by using mu.LlsLeakage inductance (L) representing shorted turnslsPer phase leakage inductance); setting short-circuit fault impedance to resistive impedance Zf；
As shown in fig. 2, a method for diagnosing a turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a stator of a doubly-fed asynchronous wind turbine includes the following steps:
step 1: establishing a double-fed asynchronous generator short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model on an abc coordinate system, converting the mathematical model from the abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, and solving a voltage and flux linkage equation of the double-fed asynchronous generator; in order to simulate the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the voltage and flux linkage equation is expressed into a state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
step 2: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, a doubly-fed asynchronous generator fault diagnosis circuit model is built based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and stator current time domain oscillograms corresponding to different mu values are obtained through circuit model simulation.
And step 3: and performing frequency domain conversion on stator current time domain oscillograms with different mu values by using Hilbert-Huang (HHT) transform or Fourier transform (FFT), analyzing a Hilbert marginal spectrogram or a Fourier spectrogram, respectively comparing amplitude change characteristics of the spectrogram when mu is 0 and mu is not 0, wherein mu represents the proportion of short circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and mu is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, so as to extract fault characteristics for judging the stator turn-to-turn short circuit, and the fault characteristics are used for short circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: establishing a double-fed asynchronous generator short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model on an abc coordinate system, wherein as2The short-circuit wire turns are represented, mu represents the proportion of the short-circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and when mu is 0, the winding is in a normal state; by using mu.LlsLeakage inductance (L) representing shorted turnslsPer phase leakage inductance); setting short-circuit fault impedance to resistive impedance Zf；
The mathematical model in abc coordinates is expressed as:
vs＝Rsis+dλs/dt
0＝Rrir+dλr/dt (1)
wherein, Vs: stator voltage, Rs: stator resistance matrix, is: stator current, λsStator flux linkage, Rr: rotor resistance matrix ir: rotor current, λrRotor flux linkage, t: a time variable;
wherein the solution formula of each quantity is as follows:
vs＝[vas1 vas2 vbs vcs]T
is＝[ias(ias-if)ibs ics]T
ir＝[iar ibr icr]T
λs＝[λas1 λas2 λbs λcs]T＝Lssis+Lsrir
λr＝[λar λbr λcr]T＝Lsris+Lrrir (2)
wherein, Vas1: phase turns A removes the voltage of the short circuit turns;
Vas2: the voltage that shorts the turns;
Vbs: a stator B phase voltage;
Vcs: a stator C phase voltage;
ias、ibs、ics: A. b, C three-phase stator currents; i.e. iar、ibr、icr: A. b, C three-phase rotor currents;
if: exciting current;
λas1: the phase turns A remove the flux linkage of the short-circuited turns;
λas2: a flux linkage short-circuiting the turns;
λbs: b phase stator flux linkage;
λcs: c-phase stator flux linkage;
λar、λbr、λcr: A. b, C three-phase rotor flux linkage;
Lss: the stator is mutually inductive;
Lsr: the stator and the rotor are mutually inducted;
Lrr: the rotor is mutually inducted;
the stator and rotor resistance matrix in equation (1) is as follows:
Rs＝Rsdiag[1 -μ μ 0 0]
Rr＝RrI3×3 (3)
I3×3: a stator and rotor 3X3 current positive matrix;
the stator-rotor inductance matrix in equation (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000111
Figure BDA0001548085530000112
Figure BDA0001548085530000113
Lls: leakage of each phase of statorFeeling; l isms: and exciting inductance of each phase of the stator.
Step 1.2: converting the mathematical model from an abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, and firstly obtaining a voltage and flux linkage initial equation as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000114
Figure BDA0001548085530000115
wherein, V's: stator voltage in case of fault; i's: stator current in the event of a fault; lambda's: stator flux linkage in the event of a fault;
wherein the solution formula of each quantity is as follows:
v's＝[vas vbs vcs]T
i's＝[ias ibs ics]T
λ's＝[(λas1+λas2)λbs λcs]T＝L'ssi's+L'srir+μA2if
Figure BDA0001548085530000116
A1＝-[Rs 00]T
A2＝[-(Lls+Lms)Lms/2Lms/2]T
A3＝-Lms[cosθr cos(θr+2π/3)cos(θr-2π/3)]T (6)
wherein L isls: leakage inductance of each phase of the stator; l isms: each phase of excitation inductance of the stator; a. the1、A2、A3: stator voltage, stator flux, rotor flux in the event of a faultA short circuit degree coefficient matrix;
the adjusted inductance matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000121
Figure BDA0001548085530000122
Lss': self-inductance between stators, Lsr': mutual inductance between the stator and the rotor;
further short-circuited turns as are obtained2The voltage and flux linkage equations of (a) are as follows:
vas2＝μRs(ias-if)+dλas2/dt＝Rfif
Figure BDA0001548085530000123
Rf: a fault resistance;
converting the equation (5) and the equation (8) from the abc coordinate system to the dq coordinate system to obtain the voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, wherein the equation is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000124
Figure BDA0001548085530000125
Figure BDA0001548085530000126
Figure BDA0001548085530000127
Figure BDA0001548085530000128
Figure BDA0001548085530000129
Figure BDA00015480855300001210
stator voltage under dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA00015480855300001211
stator current under dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA00015480855300001212
a stator center point voltage;
Figure BDA00015480855300001213
a stator center point flux linkage; l ism: the inductance of the excitation is set to be,
Figure BDA00015480855300001214
the stator flux linkage under the dq coordinate system,
Figure BDA00015480855300001215
rotor flux linkage, L, under dq coordinate systems: stator inductance, Lr: and (4) rotor inductance.
Where p represents the operator d/dt, and:
Figure BDA00015480855300001216
Figure BDA00015480855300001217
Figure BDA00015480855300001218
Figure BDA00015480855300001219
Figure BDA0001548085530000131
stator fault resistance vector under dq coordinate;
Figure BDA0001548085530000132
a direct axis stator fault resistance numerical value;
Figure BDA0001548085530000133
a quadrature axis stator fault resistance magnitude value; omegar: rotor angular velocity; thetar: the rotor rotates through an electric angle; j: an imaginary symbol.
Step 1.3: in order to simulate the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator is expressed as a state space equation. Is provided with
Figure BDA0001548085530000134
For a state space vector, the state space equation is expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001548085530000135
wherein,
Figure BDA0001548085530000136
Figure BDA0001548085530000137
a q-axis component of the stator flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA0001548085530000138
a d-axis component of the stator flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA0001548085530000139
rotor magnetThe q-axis component of the chain in the dq coordinate system;
Figure BDA00015480855300001310
a d-axis component of the rotor flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, building a fault diagnosis circuit model of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and simulating a stator current simulation diagram when the motor is in no-load under the condition that the doubly-fed asynchronous generator normally operates;
step 2.2: simulating the doubly-fed asynchronous generator to generate stator single-phase turn-to-turn short circuit faults of different degrees, setting the phase A as a fault phase, setting different short circuit fault degrees by converting a value mu between 0 and 1, and if 200 turns exist in a stator winding single-phase coil, setting mu to be 0.005 to indicate that 1 turn of short circuit occurs, so as to obtain a stator current simulation diagram when the turn-to-turn short circuit faults of different degrees occur;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: and solving a Fourier frequency spectrum graph or a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of the signal by using the stator current simulation graph under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator through FFT (fast Fourier transform) or HHT (Hilbert transform), and comparing the amplitudes of the Fourier frequency spectrum graph or the Hilbert marginal spectrogram under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault to obtain fault characteristics that the amplitude of the fundamental frequency of the stator current is reduced and the amplitudes of other frequencies are increased before and after the fault, and the fault characteristics are used for short-circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator.
Step 3.2: two cosine signals with frequencies of 10Hz and 50Hz are superposed into a composite signal with an expression of z-4 cos (20 pi t) +10cos (100 pi t) for simulating a stator current signal, the sampling frequency is set to be 1000Hz, FFT (fast Fourier transform) and HHT (high frequency transform) are selected respectively, a Fourier spectrogram and a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of the signal are obtained, frequency values corresponding to all amplitude peak values of the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram are compared, and the obtained frequency values corresponding to the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram are consistent and are used for verifying that both the FFT transform and the HHT transform can be used for fault diagnosis of the stator current.
Step 3.3: the HHT marginal spectrogram and the FFT spectrogram are compared to obtain that current signal energy in the Hilbert marginal spectrum is concentrated at a fundamental frequency without redundant side lobes, when stator turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the same degree are processed, the HHT marginal spectrogram can better reflect the real situation of frequency distribution than the FFT spectrogram, and the diagnosis effect of HHT transformation is superior to that of FFT transformation.
As shown in fig. 3, a detailed view of a doubly-fed asynchronous generator in case of a turn-to-turn short circuit. The four modules are respectively a flux linkage equation module 1, an electromagnetic torque system module 2, a rotor system module 3 and a stator system module 4. The severity of the stator winding turn-to-turn short fault is indicated by μ. Changes in μ can affect the stability of the flux linkage system, the electromagnetic torque system, and the stator system. The severity of the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator winding of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator can be simulated by setting the size of mu;
as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4(a) and (b) respectively correspond to the rotation speed and torque and the stator and rotor currents when the motor is unloaded under normal conditions. As can be seen from fig. 4, the motor speed slowly increases, the torque continuously decreases, and the stator and rotor currents transit to the steady state through the transient state, so that the established mathematical model is reasonable and can correctly reflect the running condition of the motor; as shown in fig. 5, different fault degrees are set by changing the value of μ, if the stator winding single-phase coil has 200 turns, μ is 0.005 to indicate that 1-turn short circuit occurs, and fig. 5(a) - (d) sequentially indicate that 1-turn, 2-turn, 4-turn and 6-turn short circuit occurs in the stator winding a phase. As the severity of the fault increases, the asymmetry of the stator current increases and the magnitude decreases. Therefore, the turn-to-turn short circuit fault model established in the method is verified to be reasonable, and the running condition of the motor can be reflected;
as shown in fig. 6, a Fourier spectrogram and a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of the composite signal are shown. Two cosine signals with frequencies of 10Hz and 50Hz are superposed into a composite signal with an expression of z-4 cos (20 pi t) +10cos (100 pi t), the sampling frequency is set to be 1000Hz, and a Fourier spectrogram and a Hilbert marginal spectrogram of the signal are obtained by respectively selecting FFT (fast Fourier transform) and HHT (Hilbert transform). The original signal has a magnitude of 4 for 10Hz and 10 for 50 Hz. Therefore, the Fourier spectrogram and the Hilbert marginal spectrogram are in one-to-one correspondence in amplitude or frequency, and the same fault can be diagnosed on the basis of the amplitude of a certain frequency. Based on the point, the diagnosis effect of which transformation mode is better can be further judged;
still taking the stator current as the research object, as shown in fig. 7, the left side is HHT marginal spectrogram, the right side is FFT spectrogram, and the fault degree is sequentially increased to 1 turn, 2 turns, 4 turns, 6 turns of short circuit. When the A phase of the motor has turn-to-turn short circuit fault, the amplitude of the current signal analyzed by the two conversion modes is obviously changed. From the view of amplitude, as the fault degree is increased, the amplitude at the fundamental frequency of the two is decreased continuously. Because the magnitude of the frequency spectrum amplitude reflects the magnitude of energy at the frequency, the energy at the fundamental frequency is weakened continuously along with the increase of the fault degree, which indicates that the motor is abnormal in operation and the energy at other frequencies is increased continuously; from the frequency distribution of the current signal, although most of the current signal frequency in the Fourier spectrum is concentrated near the fundamental frequency, other frequency amplitudes are also obvious; and the current signal energy in the Hilbert marginal spectrum is almost concentrated at the fundamental frequency without redundant side lobes, so that when the stator turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the same degree is processed, the Hilbert marginal spectrum can better reflect the real condition of frequency distribution than a Fourier spectrum, the diagnosis effect is better, and the method is favorable for further and accurately analyzing and extracting the fault characteristic quantity.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for diagnosing turn-to-turn short circuit fault of a stator of a double-fed asynchronous wind driven generator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a double-fed asynchronous generator short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model on an abc coordinate system, converting the mathematical model from the abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, and solving a voltage and flux linkage equation of the double-fed asynchronous generator; in order to simulate the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the voltage and flux linkage equation is expressed into a state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: establishing a double-fed asynchronous generator short-circuit fault diagnosis mathematical model on an abc coordinate system, wherein as2The short-circuit wire turns are represented, mu represents the proportion of the short-circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and when mu is 0, the winding is in a normal state; by using mu.LlsIndicating leakage inductance of shorted turns, LlsIs the leakage inductance of each phase; setting short-circuit fault impedance to resistive impedance Zf；
The mathematical model in abc coordinates is expressed as:
vs＝Rsis+dλs/dt
0＝Rrir+dλr/dt (1)
wherein, Vs: stator voltage, Rs: stator resistance matrix, is: stator current, λsStator flux linkage, Rr: rotor resistance matrix ir: rotor current, λrRotor flux linkage, t: a time variable;
wherein the solution formula of each quantity is as follows:
vs＝[vas1 vas2 vbs vcs]T
is＝[ias(ias-if)ibs ics]T
ir＝[iar ibr icr]T
λs＝[λas1 λas2 λbs λcs]T＝Lssis+Lsrir
λr＝[λar λbr λcr]T＝Lsris+Lrrir (2)
wherein, Vas1: phase turns A removes the voltage of the short circuit turns;
Vas2: the voltage that shorts the turns;
Vbs: a stator B phase voltage;
Vcs: a stator C phase voltage;
ias、ibs、ics: A. b, C three-phase stator currents; i.e. iar、ibr、icr: A. b, C three-phase rotor currents;
if: exciting current;
λas1: the phase turns A remove the flux linkage of the short-circuited turns;
λas2: a flux linkage short-circuiting the turns;
λbs: b phase stator flux linkage;
λcs: c-phase stator flux linkage;
λar、λbr、λcr: A. b, C three-phase rotor flux linkage;
Lss: the stator is mutually inductive;
Lsr: the stator and the rotor are mutually inducted;
Lrr: the rotor is mutually inducted;
the stator and rotor resistance matrix in equation (1) is as follows:
Rs＝Rsdiag[1 -μ μ 0 0]
Rr＝RrI3×3 (3)
I3×3: a stator and rotor 3X3 current positive matrix;
the stator and rotor inductance matrix in equation (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003086446900000021
Figure FDA0003086446900000022
Figure FDA0003086446900000023
Lls: leakage inductance of each phase of the stator; l isms: each phase of excitation inductance of the stator; l islr: each phase of the rotor has leakage inductance;
step 1.2: converting the mathematical model from an abc coordinate system to a dq coordinate system, and firstly obtaining a voltage and flux linkage initial equation as follows:
Figure FDA0003086446900000036
Figure FDA0003086446900000031
wherein, V's: stator voltage in case of fault; i's: stator current in the event of a fault; lambda's: stator flux linkage in the event of a fault;
wherein the solution formula of each quantity is as follows:
v′s＝[vas vbs vcs]T
i′s＝[ias ibs ics]T
λ′s＝[(λas1+λas2) λbs λcs]T＝L′ssi′s+L′srir+μA2if
Figure FDA0003086446900000032
A1＝-[Rs 0 0]T
A2＝[-(Lls+Lms) Lms/2 Lms/2]T
A3＝-Lms[cosθr cos(θr+2π/3) cos(θr-2π/3)]T (6)
wherein L isls: leakage inductance of each phase of the stator; l isms: each phase of excitation inductance of the stator; a. the1、A2、A3: stator voltage, stator flux linkage and rotor flux linkage short circuit degree coefficient matrixes under the condition of faults;
the adjusted inductance matrix is as follows:
Figure FDA0003086446900000033
Figure FDA0003086446900000034
Lss': self-inductance between stators, Lsr': mutual inductance between the stator and the rotor;
further obtaining shorted turns as2The voltage and flux linkage equations of (a) are as follows:
vas2＝μRs(ias-if)+dλas2/dt＝Rfif
Figure FDA0003086446900000035
Rf: a fault resistance;
converting the equation (5) and the equation (8) from the abc coordinate system to the dq coordinate system to obtain the voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, wherein the equation is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0003086446900000041
Figure FDA0003086446900000042
Figure FDA0003086446900000043
Figure FDA0003086446900000044
Figure FDA0003086446900000045
Figure FDA0003086446900000046
Figure FDA0003086446900000047
stator voltage under dq coordinate system;
Figure FDA0003086446900000048
stator current under dq coordinate system;
Figure FDA0003086446900000049
a stator center point voltage;
Figure FDA00030864469000000410
a stator center point flux linkage; l ism: the inductance of the excitation is set to be,
Figure FDA00030864469000000411
the stator flux linkage under the dq coordinate system,
Figure FDA00030864469000000412
rotor flux linkage, L, under dq coordinate systems: stator inductance, Lr: a rotor inductance;
Figure FDA00030864469000000413
rotor current under dq coordinate system;
where p represents the operator d/dt, and:
Figure FDA00030864469000000414
Figure FDA00030864469000000415
Figure FDA00030864469000000416
Figure FDA00030864469000000417
Figure FDA00030864469000000418
stator fault resistance vector under dq coordinate;
Figure FDA00030864469000000419
a direct axis stator fault resistance numerical value;
Figure FDA00030864469000000420
a quadrature axis stator fault resistance magnitude value; omegar: rotor angular velocity; thetar: the rotor rotates through an electric angle; j: an imaginary symbol;
step 1.3: in order to simulate the doubly-fed asynchronous generator, the voltage and flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator is expressed into a state space equation
Figure FDA00030864469000000421
For a state space vector, the state space equation is expressed as follows:
Figure FDA00030864469000000422
wherein,
Figure FDA0003086446900000051
Figure FDA0003086446900000052
a q-axis component of the stator flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure FDA0003086446900000053
a d-axis component of the stator flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure FDA0003086446900000054
a q-axis component of the rotor flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
Figure FDA0003086446900000055
a d-axis component of the rotor flux linkage in the dq coordinate system;
step 2: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, a doubly-fed asynchronous generator fault diagnosis circuit model is built based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and stator current time domain oscillograms corresponding to different mu values are obtained through circuit model simulation;
and step 3: and performing frequency domain conversion on the stator current time domain oscillograms with different mu values by using FFT or HHT, analyzing an FFT spectrogram or an HHT marginal spectrogram, respectively comparing amplitude change characteristics of the spectrograms when mu is 0 and mu is 0, wherein mu represents the proportion of the short-circuit wire turns in the wire turns of the phase, and mu is more than or equal to 0 and less than 1, extracting and judging fault characteristics of the stator turn-to-turn short circuit, and using the fault characteristics for short circuit diagnosis of the double-fed asynchronous generator.
2. The method for diagnosing the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator of the doubly-fed asynchronous wind generator according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: according to the state space equation of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator obtained in the step 1, building a fault diagnosis circuit model of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator based on an MATLAB/SIMULINK software platform, and simulating a stator current simulation diagram when the motor is in no-load under the condition that the doubly-fed asynchronous generator normally operates;
step 2.2: and simulating the stator single-phase turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator in different degrees, setting the phase A as a fault phase, and setting different short circuit fault degrees by converting mu values between 0 and 1 to obtain stator current simulation graphs when the turn-to-turn short circuit faults in different degrees occur.
3. The method for diagnosing the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator of the doubly-fed asynchronous wind generator according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: the method comprises the steps that a stator current simulation graph of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault is subjected to FFT to obtain an FFT spectrogram of a signal, amplitude comparison is conducted on the FFT spectrogram under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault, and fault characteristics that the amplitude of a stator current fundamental frequency is reduced before and after the fault and the amplitudes of other frequencies are increased are obtained and are used for short-circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
step 3.2: superposing two cosine signals with frequencies of 10Hz and 50Hz respectively into a composite signal with an expression of z-4 cos (20 pi t) +10cos (100 pi t) for simulating a stator current signal, setting the sampling frequency to be 1000Hz, selecting FFT and HHT respectively, obtaining an FFT spectrogram and an HHT marginal spectrogram of the signal, comparing frequency values corresponding to all amplitude peak values of the FFT spectrogram and the HHT marginal spectrogram, obtaining frequency values corresponding to the FFT spectrogram and the HHT marginal spectrogram which are consistent, and verifying that both the FFT and the HHT can be used for fault diagnosis of the stator current;
step 3.3: the HHT marginal spectrogram and the FFT spectrogram are compared to obtain that current signal energy in the HHT marginal spectrogram is concentrated at a fundamental frequency without redundant side lobes, when stator turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the same degree are processed, the HHT marginal spectrogram can reflect the real situation of frequency distribution better than the FFT spectrogram, and the HHT diagnosis effect is superior to FFT.
4. The method for diagnosing the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator of the doubly-fed asynchronous wind generator according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1: the stator current simulation graph under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator utilizes HHT to obtain an HHT marginal spectrogram of a signal, amplitude comparison is carried out on the HHT marginal spectrogram under the conditions of normal operation and short-circuit fault, and fault characteristics that the amplitude of the stator current fundamental frequency is reduced before and after the fault and the amplitudes of other frequencies are increased are obtained and are used for short-circuit diagnosis of the doubly-fed asynchronous generator;
step 3.2: superposing two cosine signals with frequencies of 10Hz and 50Hz respectively into a composite signal with an expression of z-4 cos (20 pi t) +10cos (100 pi t) for simulating a stator current signal, setting the sampling frequency to be 1000Hz, selecting FFT and HHT respectively, obtaining an FFT spectrogram and an HHT marginal spectrogram of the signal, comparing frequency values corresponding to all amplitude peak values of the FFT spectrogram and the HHT marginal spectrogram, obtaining frequency values corresponding to the FFT spectrogram and the HHT marginal spectrogram which are consistent, and verifying that both the FFT and the HHT can be used for fault diagnosis of the stator current;
step 3.3: the HHT marginal spectrogram and the FFT spectrogram are compared to obtain that current signal energy in the HHT marginal spectrogram is concentrated at a fundamental frequency without redundant side lobes, when stator turn-to-turn short circuit faults of the same degree are processed, the HHT marginal spectrogram can reflect the real situation of frequency distribution better than the FFT spectrogram, and the HHT diagnosis effect is superior to FFT.
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