CN108169884B - Portable optical microscope - Google Patents
Portable optical microscope Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108169884B CN108169884B CN201810159473.4A CN201810159473A CN108169884B CN 108169884 B CN108169884 B CN 108169884B CN 201810159473 A CN201810159473 A CN 201810159473A CN 108169884 B CN108169884 B CN 108169884B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- lens
- microscope
- film coating
- coating ring
- denatured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009087 cell motility Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (fluoren-9-ylideneamino) n-naphthalen-1-ylcarbamate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1=NOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PFNQVRZLDWYSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 znS Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
- G02B21/0008—Microscopes having a simple construction, e.g. portable microscopes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a portable optical microscope, which comprises a lens and a lens frame, wherein the lens is arranged on the lens frame, the lens comprises a lens, an optical display plate, a film coating ring and a cover glass, a groove is formed in the lens frame, a layer of light absorbing material is coated on the upper surface of the groove, an eyelet is formed in the center of the groove, the lens is a denatured sphere self-focusing lens and is arranged on the eyelet, the optical display plate is glued on the upper surface of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens, a cell movable hole is formed in the center of the film coating ring, the film coating ring is connected with the optical display plate in an electroplating manner, and the cover glass is covered on the upper surface of the film coating ring. The microscope of the invention is portable, light in weight, high in optical magnification, the weight is only tens of grams, the optical magnification can reach 500 times and 1000 times, and the microscope has the advantages of convenience, convenient use, low cost and the like, and can be widely applied to the Huimin microscope for military, scientific research and daily life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical microscopes, in particular to a portable optical microscope.
Background
A microscope is an optical instrument composed of a lens or a combination of lenses, and is mainly used for magnifying a tiny object into an instrument that can be seen by the naked human eye. Microscope spectroscopic microscope and electron microscope. Optical microscopy was initiated by jensen father in the netherlands. The current optical microscope can magnify an object 1600 times, and the minimum limit of resolution is 1/2 of the wavelength.
The traditional optical microscope is generally composed of a plurality of parts including a base, an eyepiece, an objective lens and the like, has large volume and inconvenient carrying, and is generally arranged in a few places such as a laboratory and the like. In actual life, a microscope is often required, for example, the microscope can help to find and observe tiny objects, and the microscope is convenient for life, and can also be used for preventing diseases, maintaining health and other purposes in multiple aspects. In view of the disadvantages of large size, inconvenient carrying, complex operation and the like of the traditional microscope, the portable and convenient-to-operate small microscope has great social demands.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a convenient and portable optical microscope.
The utility model provides a portable optical microscope, includes lens and mirror holder, the lens is installed on the mirror holder, the lens includes lens, optics show board, film coating ring and coverslip, be provided with the recess on the mirror holder, scribble one deck reflective material on the upper surface of recess, the recess center is provided with the aperture, the lens is the self-focusing lens of modified spheroid, installs on the aperture, optics show the board gluing on the upper surface of the self-focusing lens of modified spheroid, the center of film coating ring is provided with the cell activity hole, and film coating ring is connected with optics show board electroplating, the coverslip lid closes on film coating ring's upper surface.
In the scheme, the diameter of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens is 0.4-1 mm.
In the scheme, the diameter of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens is 0.9mm.
In the above scheme, the denatured sphere self-focusing lens is a spherical or hemispherical lens, and is made of K9 or ultraviolet fused quartz, wherein K9 is selected from H-K9L and N-BK7, and the ultraviolet fused quartz is selected from JGS1 and F-SILICA.
In the scheme, the diameter of the hole is 0.4 mm-1 mm.
In the above scheme, the orifice diameter of the cell moving hole is 5mm.
In the above scheme, the material of the frame is one of plastics, ceramics, glass, aluminum alloy or copper.
The microscope of the invention is portable, light in weight, high in optical magnification, only tens of grams in weight, and the magnification can reach 500 times and 1000 times, has the advantages of convenience, convenient use, low cost and the like, and can be widely applied to the Huimin microscope for military, scientific research and daily life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a portable optical microscope of the present invention;
reference numerals illustrate: 1. the device comprises a lens frame, a denatured sphere self-focusing lens, an optical display plate, a film coating ring, a cover glass and a cover glass.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a portable optical microscope includes a lens and a frame 1, the lens being mounted on the frame 1. The spectacle frame 1 is provided with a groove, the upper surface of the groove is coated with a layer of light absorbing material, the center of the groove is provided with a hole, and the diameter of the hole is 0.4-1 mm. The lens comprises a lens, an optical visualization plate 3, a film coating ring 4 and a cover glass 5. The lens is a denatured sphere self-focusing lens 2, and is arranged on the eyelet, the denatured sphere self-focusing lens 2 is a spherical or hemispherical lens, and the diameter of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens 2 is 0.4 mm-1 mm, preferably 0.9mm. The optical appearance plate 3 is attached to the upper surface of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens 2 by means of adhesive for increasing the effects of auto-focusing and fixing the lens. The center of the film coating ring 4 is provided with a cell activity hole, the diameter of the hole opening is 5mm, the film coating ring 4 is used for delineating the number of cells in the cell activity hole, and the film coating ring 4 is connected with the optical display plate 3 in an electroplating mode. The cover glass 5 is covered on the upper surface of the film coating ring 4 to make the cell activity relatively stable, so as to facilitate the observation of the fine change of the cell and the image recording research.
The denatured sphere self-focusing lens 2 is made of optical materials such as K9, ultraviolet fused quartz, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, zinc selenide, sapphire, znS, silicon, germanium and the like, preferably K9 and ultraviolet fused quartz, K9 is preferably H-K9L and N-BK7, and ultraviolet fused quartz is preferably JGS1 and F-SILICA. The glasses frame is made of one of plastics, ceramics, glass, aluminum alloy or copper.
The microscope is provided with a substrate and a cover glass, when in detection, a small amount of clean water or medical alcohol is smeared on the substrate and the cover glass, a small amount of liquid to be detected is smeared on the substrate, the cover glass is covered on the other surface of the observation side of the lens, and the cover glass faces to strong light (such as a light source of sun, a light bulb, a strong light flashlight and the like). On the viewing side, the naked eye is observed through the through hole in the frame. If the mobile phone camera or the CCT lens is used, the observation effect is better.
The lens of the invention is manufactured by various methods, for example, a traditional optical cold working mode and a modified sphere are scientifically manufactured by a special process. According to the requirements of the shape and the size, a commercially available spectacle frame is selected, or the spectacle frame is customized according to the requirements, the shape and the material of various spectacle frames can be selected and changed according to the application field and the requirements, and the lens and the spectacle frame are further combined to manufacture the microscope of the invention.
The microscope of the invention is portable, the size of the coin is only small, the weight is light, the optical magnification is only tens of grams, the microscope can be amplified to 500 times and 1000 times, and if the microscope is matched with a lens of a mobile phone, the magnification can be increased by 2000 times to 4000 times, so that the microscope can be widely used. For example: observing and evolving microorganisms at the earth orbit space station; the school can carry out biological teaching practice; the scientific research unit can conduct microorganism research and observation under any environment; microbial detection is performed in field living field hospitals and some groups and individuals who do not carry a biological microscope; the biological microscope is more convenient to popularize in underdeveloped areas and areas with severe environments; the popularization of family microorganism science popularization and self-inspection projects and the like relate to almost everyone in life, and are real welcome engineering.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A portable optical microscope comprising a lens and a frame, the lens being mounted on the frame, characterized in that: the lens comprises a lens, an optical showing plate (3), a film coating ring (4) and a cover glass (5), wherein a groove is formed in the lens frame (1), a layer of light absorbing material is coated on the upper surface of the groove, an eyelet is formed in the center of the groove, the lens is a denatured sphere self-focusing lens (2) and is arranged on the eyelet, the optical showing plate (3) is glued on the upper surface of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens (2), a cell movable hole is formed in the center of the film coating ring (4), the film coating ring (4) is connected with the optical showing plate (3) in an electroplating manner, and the cover glass (5) is covered on the upper surface of the film coating ring (4); the diameter of the denatured sphere self-focusing lens (2) is 0.4 mm-0.9 mm; the diameter of the hole is 0.4 mm-1 mm.
2. The portable optical microscope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the denatured sphere self-focusing lens (2) is a spherical or hemispherical lens, and is made of K9 or ultraviolet fused quartz, wherein K9 is selected from H-K9L and N-BK7, and the ultraviolet fused quartz is selected from JGS1 and F-SILICA.
3. The portable optical microscope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aperture diameter of the cell movement hole is 5mm.
4. The portable optical microscope as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the glasses frame (1) is made of one of plastic, ceramic, glass, aluminum alloy or copper.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810159473.4A CN108169884B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Portable optical microscope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810159473.4A CN108169884B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Portable optical microscope |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108169884A CN108169884A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
| CN108169884B true CN108169884B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
Family
ID=62511492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810159473.4A Active CN108169884B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Portable optical microscope |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108169884B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109061860B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-03-26 | 上海理工大学 | Portable high-resolution microscopic imaging system |
Citations (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5731893A (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1998-03-24 | Dominique; Jeffrey M. | Portable microscope for inspecting fiber optic cable |
| CN1189219A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-07-29 | 雷纳德·A·歇尔查 | Variable focus lens by small changes of equatorial lens diameter |
| CN2303310Y (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-06 | 重庆市北碚中亚贸易有限公司 | Portable single lens micro-scope |
| US5982533A (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1999-11-09 | Dominique; Jeffrey M. | Microscope with endplate for viewing surface end of fiber optic cable |
| CN101019059A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2007-08-15 | 埃里克·贝尔 | Multilayer polymer gradient index (GRIN) lenses |
| US7843650B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Monolithic afocal telescope |
| CN203587874U (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-05-07 | 虔茂有限公司 | Portable microscopic amplification lens structure being capable of changing high/low magnification |
| WO2015033817A1 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-12 | Sato Tadao | Simple microscope and dark-field observation method and photographic video recording method employing same |
| TW201605456A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-16 | 恩塞勒達斯Ｉｐ有限責任公司 | Microscope apparatus and applications thereof |
| CN105467482A (en) * | 2007-08-11 | 2016-04-06 | 奥普托图尼股份公司 | Liquid lens system |
| CN105675495A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-06-15 | 吕慧菁 | Detection device having magnifying function |
| CN105842763A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-08-10 | 浙江大学 | Bionic solid-liquid mixing adjustable lens and focusing device thereof |
| CN206251149U (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-06-13 | 申尧植 | For the external optical module for amplifying and possesses the bust shot device of the module |
| CN107003122A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-08-01 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Fluorescence detector |
| CN107045190A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-15 | 亿观生物科技股份有限公司 | sample carrier module and portable microscope device |
| CN107044983A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-15 | 亿观生物科技股份有限公司 | optical observation device |
| CN206906689U (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-01-19 | 教学客（北京）科技有限公司 | Microscope and teaching equipment |
| CN207867117U (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-09-14 | 南京恒晓光电科技有限公司 | A kind of portable optical microscope |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9995921B2 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2018-06-12 | Cell Focus, LLC | Surface adhering lens |
| US10274712B2 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2019-04-30 | Optomak, Inc. | Microscope for fluorescence imaging with variable focus |
-
2018
- 2018-02-26 CN CN201810159473.4A patent/CN108169884B/en active Active
Patent Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1189219A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-07-29 | 雷纳德·A·歇尔查 | Variable focus lens by small changes of equatorial lens diameter |
| US5731893A (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1998-03-24 | Dominique; Jeffrey M. | Portable microscope for inspecting fiber optic cable |
| US5982533A (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1999-11-09 | Dominique; Jeffrey M. | Microscope with endplate for viewing surface end of fiber optic cable |
| CN2303310Y (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-01-06 | 重庆市北碚中亚贸易有限公司 | Portable single lens micro-scope |
| CN101019059A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2007-08-15 | 埃里克·贝尔 | Multilayer polymer gradient index (GRIN) lenses |
| CN105467482A (en) * | 2007-08-11 | 2016-04-06 | 奥普托图尼股份公司 | Liquid lens system |
| US7843650B1 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-11-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Monolithic afocal telescope |
| WO2015033817A1 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-12 | Sato Tadao | Simple microscope and dark-field observation method and photographic video recording method employing same |
| JP3195419U (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2015-01-22 | 虔茂有限公司 | High / low magnification microscopic magnification lens |
| CN203587874U (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-05-07 | 虔茂有限公司 | Portable microscopic amplification lens structure being capable of changing high/low magnification |
| TW201605456A (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2016-02-16 | 恩塞勒達斯Ｉｐ有限責任公司 | Microscope apparatus and applications thereof |
| CN105675495A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-06-15 | 吕慧菁 | Detection device having magnifying function |
| CN107003122A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-08-01 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Fluorescence detector |
| CN105842763A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-08-10 | 浙江大学 | Bionic solid-liquid mixing adjustable lens and focusing device thereof |
| CN107045190A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-15 | 亿观生物科技股份有限公司 | sample carrier module and portable microscope device |
| CN107044983A (en) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-15 | 亿观生物科技股份有限公司 | optical observation device |
| CN206251149U (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-06-13 | 申尧植 | For the external optical module for amplifying and possesses the bust shot device of the module |
| CN206906689U (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-01-19 | 教学客（北京）科技有限公司 | Microscope and teaching equipment |
| CN207867117U (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-09-14 | 南京恒晓光电科技有限公司 | A kind of portable optical microscope |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108169884A (en) | 2018-06-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Rochow et al. | Introduction to microscopy by means of light, electrons, X rays, or acoustics | |
| CN108169884B (en) | Portable optical microscope | |
| WO2018087665A1 (en) | Portable upright bright field microscope with smart device compatibility | |
| CN105954194A (en) | Light cone-based portable optical flow control type micro-imaging device and system | |
| CN114236800A (en) | Micro-distance self-immersion type microscopic imaging system and microscopic imaging method thereof | |
| US7369331B2 (en) | Fixed focus handy ovulation tester | |
| CN207867117U (en) | A kind of portable optical microscope | |
| TW201605456A (en) | Microscope apparatus and applications thereof | |
| US20110096392A1 (en) | Multifunctional Microscopes | |
| JP2018169483A (en) | Objective optical system for microscope and microscope using the same | |
| Myint et al. | Water droplet lens microscope and microphotographs | |
| JP2006119557A (en) | Single-lens microscope | |
| Szydlowski et al. | Optical imaging using an oil droplet and a cellphone camera | |
| US12001003B2 (en) | Immersion front-end lens system | |
| US20240069315A1 (en) | A compact portable multimodal microscopy | |
| Matsutani | Direct observation of spherical aberration under microscope using concave micromirrors | |
| Anand | Frugal compound microscopy for microbiological analysis and education | |
| US20210231940A1 (en) | Immersion front-end lens system | |
| Ridley et al. | Microscope use and care | |
| Lee et al. | Extended depth-of-field microscopy with surface tracking for noninvasive examination of conjunctival goblet cells in humans | |
| Cox et al. | The image between the lenses: Activities with a telescope and a microscope | |
| Gupta et al. | From a benchtop microscope to a pocket microscope | |
| Badiye et al. | Introduction to Compound Microscope | |
| Sushmasusik et al. | History of microscopes | |
| Huang | Adaptive Elastomer-liquid Lenses for Advancing the Imaging Capability of Miniaturized Optical Systems |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |