CN108159201A - 一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品,其特征在于,所述产品活性组分由如下原料组成:三七茎叶60‑100份、薄荷60‑100份、荷叶60‑100份、葡萄籽60‑100份。本发明所得产品组合使用性味缓和,安全性好,适合长期服用;并且组合物中各组分协同作用,能够起到很好的保护肠道菌群与预防和治疗高血脂的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健品领域,具体的涉及一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品。
背景技术
正常人体肠道中的细菌细胞数达1014个,总重量可达1-2 kg,包含超过800种不同的类型,其细胞总量接近人体自身细胞的10倍,其编码的基因数量至少是人体自身基因的100倍,占人体总微生物量的78%。肠道菌约400-500种,主要有拟杆菌属、乳杆菌属、梭菌属、大肠埃希菌属和双歧杆菌属等,其中绝大多数为厌氧菌。可分为原籍菌群和外籍菌群,原籍菌群多为肠道正常菌群。肠道正常菌群对人体的生理活动有重要作用,如对宿主的保护作用、免疫作用、抗肿瘤作用、改善肝功能作用、营养作用、参与机体物质代谢、促进营养物质吸收、屏障作用等。高脂血症是发生动脉硬化、心血管等疾病的重要因素。
近年来,研究发现肠道菌群、高脂饮食、高脂血症三者间有着紧密的联系。肠道菌群可能通过产生胆固醇氧化酶、抑制肝脂肪合成酶的活性、调节胆固醇在血与肝脏中的重分布、影响胆盐的肝肠循环等作用发挥调节血脂作用。高脂饮食及高脂血症则可因造成肠道内养料来源减少、改变氧化还原状态、破坏菌群赖以生存的微环境来影响肠道菌群的构成。肠道菌群对脂代谢调节的分子机制主要为直接调节宿主脂肪存储基因(抑制禁食诱导脂肪细胞因子基因的活性、增强固醇应答元件结合蛋白21与碳水化合物应答元件结合蛋白的表达、降低磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶的活性)的表达和调节脂多糖的活性以改变机体慢性低水平炎症状态影响脂代谢。因此,通过调节肠道菌群来抑制高脂血症的形成,抑或调节饮食、降低血脂来改变肠道菌群的构成以预防和治疗相关疾病的发生成为研究的热点。(参加“高脂血症、高脂饮食与肠道菌群的关系”,世界华人消化杂志,2013年5月18日,21(14):1273-1277)
传统中药在我国预防和治疗疾病已经有儿千年历史,其绝大多数给药途径以口服为主。药物中的有效成分进入胃肠道后与肠道菌群相互作用,中药中很多有效成分必须经过肠道菌群代谢后才能被吸收而发挥药理作用。参与肠肝循环的药物经肝脏解毒后其代谢物随胆汁分泌到肠道后,再次与肠道菌群接触,也可能再次被肠道菌群代谢转化,因此,肠道菌群对中药的代谢转化具有非常重要的影响,例如增强有效成分的吸收,提高生物利用度,而提高药效,甚至对中药有毒成分具有减毒或增毒的作用。同时中药能够保护胃肠道黏膜屏障功能,促进益生菌的繁殖,抑制有害菌的生长,对维持肠道微生态***平衡起着关键作用(参见“中药有效成分与肠道菌群相互作用的研究进展”,祖先鹏等,中国中药杂志,2016年5月,底41卷第10期,第1766-1772页)。
三七茎叶、薄荷、荷叶、葡萄籽均是常用的具有保健功效的成分,鉴于上述成分安全性好、效果明显等系列特点,其也成为近年来保健食品与药品研究开发的重点领域,经课题组对具有保健功效的相关药物研究技术储备以及对相关现有技术的研究,发现在本申请中涉及的四种组分在配伍使用时,能够改善高血脂人群的血脂水平,而且表现出相当的协同作用,进一步深入的研究表明组分配伍使用后对高脂人群的肠道菌群具有改善作用,因此,旨在提供一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品。此外,目前对三七茎叶、荷叶、薄荷等具有保健功效的组分基础研究居多,相关组分配伍组合产品开发较少,造成大量的基础研究不能与产业相结合,而高血脂是目前我国面临的一大疾病风险,发病日趋于年轻化同时,也带来各种并发症,疗效较好的产品大多为单一化合物成分,可能影响肠道菌群的种类等,进而对人体产生不利的作用,如他汀类产品,因此,也有必要对基础研究多、药效作用好的具有保健作用的成分进行研究进入开发出相应的产品。。
发明内容
本发明针对上述存在的一些问题,结合三七茎叶、荷叶、薄荷、葡萄籽等具有的较好的基础研究与保健功效,提供一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品及其制备方法与应用。
为实现以上目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品,其特征在于,所述产品活性组分由如下原料组成:三七茎叶60-100份、薄荷60-100份、荷叶60-100份、葡萄籽60-100份。
或者所述产品活性组分由如下原料组成:三七茎叶80份、薄荷60份、荷叶60份、葡萄籽60份。
如上所述的产品,其特征在于,所述各活性组分分别制成提取物后使用,加入辅料制成一定剂型。
一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品的制备方法,其特征在于,活性成分如上所述,其中:
(1)将三七茎叶制成三七茎叶提取物的方法如下:称取重量份三七茎叶,加入5-10倍体积50-70%乙醇,加热提取1-2次,每次30-60min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(2)将薄荷制成薄荷提取物的方法如下:将薄荷用水浸泡90-120 min,加水10-15倍,加热蒸馏提取3-4 h,取挥发油,采用β-CD包合法,β-CD和薄荷挥发油投料比为10:1-8:1,30-35℃下包合60-90 min,即得;
(3)将荷叶制成荷叶提取物的方法如下:将荷叶粉碎,按料液比1:10-15mg/ml加入60-80%乙醇,微波功率50-100W,提取时间30-60min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(4)将葡萄籽制成葡萄籽提取物的制备方法如下:葡萄籽提取物打碎,微波提取,按料液比1:10-15 mg/ml加入40-50%乙醇,微波功率50-80W,提取时间15-30min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛。
如上所述的方法,其特征在于,各提取物具体的制备工艺参数如下:
(1)将三七茎叶制成三七茎叶提取物的方法如下:称取重量份三七茎叶,加入5倍体积60%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次45 min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(2)将薄荷制成薄荷提取物的方法如下:将薄荷用水浸泡100 min,加水12倍,加热蒸馏提取4 h,取挥发油,采用β-CD包合法,β-CD和薄荷挥发油投料比为10:1-8:1,35℃下包合70min,即得;
(3)将荷叶制成荷叶提取物的方法如下:将荷叶粉碎,按料液比1:15mg/ml加入65%乙醇,微波功率80W,提取时间45min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(4)将葡萄籽制成葡萄籽提取物的制备方法如下:葡萄籽提取物打碎,微波提取,按料液比1:12 mg/ml加入45%乙醇,微波功率50W,提取时间25min,提取2次,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛。
一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的保健制品,其特征在于,将上述制得的4种提取物与一定的辅料组合,制成颗粒剂、软胶囊、片剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂。
一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的保健制品制备方法,其特征在于,如上所述的产品、制备方法或保健制品,将其制成保健制品的方法包括如下步骤:
(1)分别取根据权利要求3所制得三七茎叶提取物、薄荷提取物、荷叶提取物、葡萄籽提取物,混匀,得提取物混合物;
(2)加入适量糊精、木糖醇,上述提取物混合物与糊精、木糖醇的重量配比为1-2:1-2:1-2,用70-85%乙醇制软材,过16目筛制成颗粒,40℃以下干燥,过12目筛整粒,即得颗粒剂。
如上所述的制备方法,将其制成了颗粒剂的具体工艺为:加入适量糊精、木糖醇,上述提取物混合物与糊精、木糖醇的重量配比为1:2:1,用80%乙醇制软材,过16目筛制成颗粒,40℃干燥,过12目筛整粒,即得。
一种如上所述调节高脂人群肠道菌群的保健制品制备方法所得产品,其特征在于,该产品可用于制备治疗高血脂、高血糖、高血压、糖尿病药物或保健品的用途。
本发明所得产品组合使用性味缓和,安全性好,适合长期服用;并且组合物中各组分协同作用,能够起到很好的保护肠道菌群与预防和治疗高血脂的作用。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例说明本发明的具体步骤,但不受实施例的限制。
本发明中的术语一般均为本领域技术人员常规理解的含义或本领域普通技术知识。
实施例1
三七茎叶60份、薄荷60份、荷叶60份、葡萄籽60份;
实施例2
三七茎叶80份、薄荷60份、荷叶60份、葡萄籽60份;
实施例3
三七茎叶60份、薄荷100份、荷叶100份、葡萄籽100份;
实施例4
薄荷60份、荷叶60份、葡萄籽60份;
实施例5
三七茎叶80份、荷叶60份、葡萄籽60份;
实施例6
三七茎叶80份、薄荷60份、葡萄籽60份;
实施例7
三七茎叶80份、薄荷60份、荷叶60份;
上述实施例中的产品按如下方法制备,对实施例4-7种减去的组分,在制备方法中相应的减去该步骤;
(1)将三七茎叶制成三七茎叶提取物的方法如下:称取重量份三七茎叶,加入5倍体积60%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次45 min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(2)将薄荷制成薄荷提取物的方法如下:将薄荷用水浸泡100 min,加水12倍,加热蒸馏提取4 h,取挥发油,采用β-CD包合法,β-CD和薄荷挥发油投料比为10:1-8:1,35℃下包合70min,即得;
(3)将荷叶制成荷叶提取物的方法如下:将荷叶粉碎,按料液比1:15mg/ml加入65%乙醇,微波功率80W,提取时间45min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(4)将葡萄籽制成葡萄籽提取物的制备方法如下:葡萄籽提取物打碎,微波提取,按料液比1:12 mg/ml加入45%乙醇,微波功率50W,提取时间25min,提取2次,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(5)分别取根据权利要求3所制得三七茎叶提取物、薄荷提取物、荷叶提取物、葡萄籽提取物,混匀,得提取物混合物;
(6)加入适量糊精、木糖醇,上述提取物混合物与糊精、木糖醇的重量配比为1:2:1,用80%乙醇制软材,过16目筛制成颗粒,40℃干燥,过12目筛整粒,即得。
实施例8
对高脂膳食诱导小鼠生理及肠道菌群的影响
对小鼠血脂生化指标的测定以及小鼠肠道菌群数量的影响两项指标的测定依照“周小理等,苦荞对高脂膳食诱导小鼠生理及肠道菌群的影响,食品科学,第1-10页,2017年5月18日”中记载的相关方法开展。具体如下,其他如高脂模型动物采用文件中记载高脂组饲料配比,标准饲料选择AIN93G饲料,每组10只小鼠,在每日给予高脂饲料的同时,分别给予0.4mg/g体重小鼠的实施例2、实施例4-7所得产品,空白组只予以标准饲料处理,连续喂养6周,依照文件中记载方法处理组织样品,保存,测量参数。
(1)对小鼠血脂生化指标的测定
采用试剂盒法测定血浆总甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的含量,具体操作方法根据试剂盒的说明书进行。
(2)对小鼠肠道菌群数量的影响
对肠道菌群数量影响的测定如文件中记载,测定乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌、肠球菌四种的数量。
(3)对照组:降脂减肥片(国药准字Z20083230)
实验结果:
实施例2、实施例4-7所得产品对小鼠血脂生化指标的影响
t,*表示与高脂组相比,P<0.05;a表示与空白组相比,P<0.05
由表可知:高脂组血浆中的胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG)含量最高,且均显著高于空白组,由此证明高脂建模成功。并且实施例2效果优于对照组,于实施例4-7比较效果也更加明显,与空白组接近,说明各组分组合使用后起到了一定的协同作用。
实施例2、实施例4-7所得产品对小鼠肠道菌群数量的影响cfu/ml
t,*表示与高脂组相比,P<0.05;a表示与空白组相比,P<0.05
由表可知:小鼠经过高脂饮食诱导后肠道内的有益菌(双歧杆菌,乳酸菌,肠球菌)显著减少,有害菌(大肠杆菌)显著增多。并且实施例2效果优于对照组,于实施例4-7比较效果也更加明显,与空白组接近,说明各组分组合使用后起到了一定的协同作用。
安全性考察
急性经口毒性试验结果:对雌、雄昆明种小鼠的最大耐受剂量(MTD)均大于20.0 mL/kg•体重,属无毒级。
三项遗传毒性试验结果:Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,小鼠***畸形试验结果均为阴性。
30天喂养试验结果:以1.7mL/kg•体重、3.3mL/kg•体重、6.7mL/kg•体重剂量的产品大鼠灌胃30天,结果显示,动物生长发育好,各剂量组体重、增重、食物利用率、血常规指标、血生化指标、脏器重量及脏器/体重比值与对照组比较,无显著性差异,大体解剖和组织病理检查未见与样品有关的异常改变。
Claims (7)
1.一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品,其特征在于,所述产品活性组分由如下原料组成:三七茎叶60-100份、薄荷60-100份、荷叶60-100份、葡萄籽60-100份。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品,其特征在于,所述产品活性组分由如下原料组成:三七茎叶80份、薄荷60份、荷叶60份、葡萄籽60份。
3.如权利要求1所述的产品,其特征在于,所述各活性组分分别制成提取物后使用,加入辅料制成一定剂型。
4.一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的产品的制备方法,其特征在于,活性成分如权利要求1或2中所述,其中:
(1)将三七茎叶制成三七茎叶提取物的方法如下:称取重量份三七茎叶,加入5-10倍体积50-70%乙醇,加热提取1-2次,每次30-60min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(2)将薄荷制成薄荷提取物的方法如下:将薄荷用水浸泡90-120 min,加水10-15倍,加热蒸馏提取3-4 h,取挥发油,采用β-CD包合法,β-CD和薄荷挥发油投料比为10:1-8:1,30-35℃下包合60-90 min,即得;
(3)将荷叶制成荷叶提取物的方法如下:将荷叶粉碎,按料液比1:10-15mg/ml加入60-80%乙醇,微波功率50-100W,提取时间30-60min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛;
(4)将葡萄籽制成葡萄籽提取物的制备方法如下:葡萄籽提取物打碎,微波提取,按料液比1:10-15 mg/ml加入40-50%乙醇,微波功率50-80W,提取时间15-30min,提取液过滤,滤液减压浓缩后干燥,粉碎过80目筛。
5.一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的保健制品,其特征在于,将权利要求3种制得的4种提取物与一定的辅料组合,制成颗粒剂、软胶囊、片剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂。
6.一种调节高脂人群肠道菌群的保健制品制备方法,其特征在于,如权利要求2或权利要求3或权利要求4中产品、制备方法或保健制品,将其制成保健制品的方法包括如下步骤:
(1)分别取根据权利要求3所制得三七茎叶提取物、薄荷提取物、荷叶提取物、葡萄籽提取物,混匀,得提取物混合物;
(2)加入适量糊精、木糖醇,上述提取物混合物与糊精、木糖醇的重量配比为1-2:1-2:1-2,用70-85%乙醇制软材,过16目筛制成颗粒,40℃以下干燥,过12目筛整粒,即得颗粒剂。
7.一种如权利要求5所述调节高脂人群肠道菌群的保健制品制备方法所得产品,其特征在于,该产品可用于制备治疗高血脂或高血糖药物或保健品的用途。
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