CN108155800B - Electric vehicle, DC-DC converter thereof and control method of DC-DC converter - Google Patents

Electric vehicle, DC-DC converter thereof and control method of DC-DC converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108155800B
CN108155800B CN201611109689.7A CN201611109689A CN108155800B CN 108155800 B CN108155800 B CN 108155800B CN 201611109689 A CN201611109689 A CN 201611109689A CN 108155800 B CN108155800 B CN 108155800B
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bridge
controlling
converter
mode
time
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CN108155800A (en
Inventor
张妮
王兴辉
王超
沈晓峰
邬白贺
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201611109689.7A priority Critical patent/CN108155800B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2017/114233 priority patent/WO2018099467A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric automobile, a DC-DC converter thereof and a control method of the DC-DC converter, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: acquiring total time TA for controlling the H bridge in a first mode and total time TB for controlling the H bridge in a second mode when the DC-DC converter works every time, and acquiring set time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and set time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second mode in each working cycle in the working process of the DC-DC converter; judging the relation between TA and TB; the method for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started is selected according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, the H bridge is alternately controlled according to Tx and Ty, and the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube are subjected to temperature balance control, so that the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube in the H bridge can be heated relatively in balance, and the service life of the switch tubes in the H bridge is prolonged.

Description

Electric vehicle, DC-DC converter thereof and control method of DC-DC converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a control method of a DC-DC converter, the DC-DC converter and an electric automobile.
Background
The DC-DC converter has been an important component in the field of power electronics, and along with the development of electric vehicle commercialization, the DC-DC converter has also become one of important parts of electric vehicles. The topology of the DC-DC converter is many, and in the medium and large power field, the full-bridge PWM converter is the most used topology.
The full-bridge PWM converter has many control modes, and the related art mostly adopts a phase-shift modulation control mode and a low-tube modulation control mode. However, when the phase shift modulation control mode is adopted, the leading arm is easy to realize soft switching, and the lagging arm is not easy to realize soft switching, so that the lagging arm is more serious in heat generation than the leading arm; when the control mode of the lower tube modulation is adopted, the upper tube is easy to realize soft switching, and the lower tube is not easy to realize soft switching, so that the lower tube generates heat more seriously than the upper tube.
Therefore, the above two control modes can cause the serious problem of heating of the switch tube, and the service life of the switch tube is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the art described above. Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a DC-DC converter, which can relatively balance the heat generation of the first to fourth switching tubes in the H-bridge and improve the operating life of the switching tubes in the H-bridge.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a DC-DC converter. The third purpose of the invention is to provide an electric automobile.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a control method of a DC-DC converter, where the DC-DC converter includes an H-bridge, and the H-bridge includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, and a fourth switching tube, where the first switching tube and the second switching tube form a first bridge arm, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube form a second bridge arm, and the control method includes the following steps: when the DC-DC converter works every time, acquiring total time TA for controlling the H bridge in a first mode and total time TB for controlling the H bridge in a second mode, and acquiring set time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and set time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second mode in each working cycle in the working process of the DC-DC converter, wherein when the H bridge is controlled in the first mode, the first bridge arm is used as a leading bridge arm, and the second bridge arm is used as a lagging bridge arm; when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, the second bridge arm is used as an advanced bridge arm, and the first bridge arm is used as a delayed bridge arm; judging the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB; and selecting a mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately controlling the H bridge according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty so as to perform temperature balance control on the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube.
According to the control method of the DC-DC converter of the embodiment of the invention, the total time TA for controlling the H bridge in the first way and the total time TB for controlling the H bridge in the second way are obtained every time the DC-DC converter works, the setting time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first way and the setting time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second way in each working cycle in the working process of the DC-DC converter are obtained, then the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB is judged, finally the way for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started is selected according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, the H bridge is controlled alternately according to Tx and Ty in the working process of the DC-DC converter, so as to carry out temperature equalization control on the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube, and the heat generation of each switch tube is relatively balanced, under the condition of not increasing the cost, the service life of a switching tube in the H bridge is prolonged, so that the life cycle of the DC-DC converter can be prolonged.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a DC-DC converter includes: the bridge comprises an H bridge and a bridge body, wherein the H bridge comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, the first switching tube and the second switching tube form a first bridge arm, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube form a second bridge arm; a control module, configured to obtain a total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in a first manner and a total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in a second manner each time the DC-DC converter operates, obtain a setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and a setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner in each operation cycle during operation of the DC-DC converter, select a manner for controlling the H-bridge at startup of the DC-DC converter by determining a relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately control the H-bridge according to the setting time Tx and the setting time Ty to perform temperature equalization control on the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube, and the fourth switching tube, wherein, when the H-bridge is controlled in the first manner, taking the first bridge arm as an advanced bridge arm and taking the second bridge arm as a delayed bridge arm; and when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, taking the second bridge arm as a leading bridge arm and taking the first bridge arm as a lagging bridge arm.
According to the DC-DC converter provided by the embodiment of the invention, the control module is used for acquiring the total time TA for controlling the H bridge in a first mode and the total time TB for controlling the H bridge in a second mode each working cycle in the working process, acquiring the setting time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and the setting time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second mode in each working cycle in the working process, selecting the mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started by judging the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately controlling the H bridge according to Tx and Ty in the working process of the DC-DC converter so as to perform temperature equalization control on the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube, so that the heating of each switching tube is relatively balanced, and the working life of the switching tubes in the H bridge is prolonged under the condition of not increasing the cost, thereby extending the life cycle.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an electric automobile which comprises the DC-DC converter.
According to the electric automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the DC-DC converter works every time, the temperature balance control of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube in the H bridge can be realized, so that the heat generation of each switching tube is relatively balanced, the service life of the switching tubes in the H bridge is prolonged under the condition of not increasing the cost, and the life cycle of the DC-DC converter is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of a DC-DC converter according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a control method of a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of driving waveforms of four switching tubes when an H-bridge is controlled by a first mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of driving waveforms of four switching tubes when an H-bridge is controlled by a second mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of controlling a DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
A control method of a DC-DC converter, and an electric vehicle having the DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an H-bridge, which may include a first switching tube Q1, a second switching tube Q2, a third switching tube Q3, and a fourth switching tube Q4. The first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 form a first bridge arm, the third switching tube Q3 and the fourth switching tube Q4 form a second bridge arm, a first node a is arranged between the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2, and a second node B is arranged between the third switching tube Q3 and the fourth switching tube Q4.
As shown in fig. 1, the DC-DC converter further includes a transformer, a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C2, a fifth switch Q5, and a sixth switch Q6, wherein one end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the first node a, the other end of the first inductor L1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, the other end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to one end of a primary winding of the transformer, and the other end of the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the second node B. The secondary winding of the transformer is respectively connected with a fifth switching tube Q5 and a sixth switching tube Q6, and a second inductor L2 and a second capacitor C2 are connected at the output end of the DC-DC converter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the control method of the DC-DC converter includes the following steps:
and S1, acquiring the total time TA for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and the total time TB for controlling the H bridge in the second mode every time the DC-DC converter works, and acquiring the set time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and the set time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second mode in each working cycle in the working process of the DC-DC converter. When the H bridge is controlled in the first mode, the first bridge arm is used as a leading bridge arm, and the second bridge arm is used as a lagging bridge arm; and when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, taking the second bridge arm as a leading bridge arm and taking the first bridge arm as a lagging bridge arm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the H-bridge is controlled in the first manner, the control signal output to the first switch Q1 is complementary to the control signal output to the second switch Q2, and the control signal output to the third switch Q3 is complementary to the control signal output to the fourth switch Q4, and the first switch Q1 is turned on one phase angle ahead of the fourth switch Q4, and the second switch Q2 is turned on one phase angle ahead of the third switch Q3.
Specifically, the driving waveform of the first switching tube Q1, the driving waveform of the second switching tube Q2, the driving waveform of the third switching tube Q3, the driving waveform of the fourth switching tube Q4 and the voltage U between the two legs of the H-bridgeABThe waveform is shown in fig. 3. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the control signals of Q1 and Q2 of the four switching tubes of the H-bridge are complementary, the control signals of Q3 and Q4 are complementary, the diagonal switching tube Q1 is turned on one phase angle before Q4, and Q2 is turned on one phase angle before Q3. And the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the phase angle.
When the H-bridge is controlled in the second mode, the control signal output to the first switching tube Q1 is complementary to the control signal output to the second switching tube Q2, and the control signal output to the third switching tube Q3 is complementary to the control signal output to the fourth switching tube Q4, and the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned on one phase angle ahead of the first switching tube Q1, and the third switching tube Q3 is turned on one phase angle ahead of the second switching tube Q2.
Specifically, the driving waveform of the first switching tube Q1, the driving waveform of the second switching tube Q2, the driving waveform of the third switching tube Q3, the driving waveform of the fourth switching tube Q4 and the voltage U between the two legs of the H-bridgeABThe waveform is shown in fig. 4. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the control signals of Q1 and Q2 of the four switching tubes of the H-bridge are complementary, the control signals of Q3 and Q4 are complementary, the diagonal switching tube Q4 is turned on one phase angle before Q1, and Q3 is turned on one phase angle before Q2. Likewise, the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the phase angle.
S2, the relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB is determined.
And S3, selecting a mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately controlling the H bridge according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty so as to perform temperature balance control on the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube.
It should be noted that, in the operation process of the DC-DC converter, if the H-bridge is controlled by using only the first method a, it is difficult to realize soft switching, i.e., zero-voltage switching, for the switching tubes Q3 and Q4 in the hysteresis bridge arm, and therefore, the switching losses of the switching tubes Q3 and Q4 are large, which causes overheating.
Similarly, if the H-bridge is controlled only by the second method B during the operation of the DC-DC converter, it is difficult to realize soft switching, i.e., zero-voltage switching, of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 in the hysteresis arm, and therefore, the switching losses of the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are large, which causes overheating.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the H-bridge is controlled by the first method a to operate the DC-DC converter, the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first method a is recorded, so that the total time TA for controlling the H-bridge by the first method can be obtained and then stored; and when the H bridge is controlled by the second mode B so that the DC-DC converter works, recording the time for controlling the H bridge by the second mode B, thus obtaining the total time TB for controlling the H bridge by the second mode, and then storing the total time TB. And then judging the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB when the DC-DC converter is started every time, and finally selecting a mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB.
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the manner of controlling the H-bridge at the time of starting the DC-DC converter is selected according to the relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB, when the total time TA is greater than the total time TB, the second manner is selected to control the H-bridge at the time of starting the DC-DC converter until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB; when the total time TA is less than the total time TB, selecting the first mode to control the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB; selecting the first manner or the second manner at the start of the DC-DC converter to alternately control the H-bridge according to Tx and Ty when the total time TA is equal to the total time TB.
Wherein the alternately controlling the H-bridge according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty includes: when the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx, controlling the H bridge in the second mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty; or when the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty, the H bridge is controlled in the first mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx.
That is, before the DC-DC converter operates, the total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and the total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner are obtained from the storage area, Tx and Ty are set, then the total time TA and the total time TB are determined, and it is determined whether to control the H-bridge in the first manner or in the second manner according to the determination result, that is, the total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and the total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner are obtained from the storage area, and the determination of the relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB is performed to confirm the manner for controlling the H-bridge that is selected first when the DC-DC converter starts. For example, if the obtained TA is 20 minutes and TB is 18 minutes, the DC-DC converter selects the second method B to control the H-bridge to start up the DC-DC converter in the current operation, and switches to the first method a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter after 2 minutes until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first method a reaches Tx, then switches to the second method B to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second method B reaches Ty, so that one operation cycle is completed (i.e., one operation cycle time is Tx + Ty), then switches to the first method a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first method a reaches Tx, and then, the H bridge is controlled by adopting a second mode B so that the DC-DC converter works until the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the second mode B reaches Ty, … …, and the steps are repeated to realize the alternate control of the H bridge, so that the temperature balance control of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube is realized. If the obtained TA is 18 minutes and TB is 20 minutes, the DC-DC converter selects the first mode a to control the H-bridge to start the DC-DC converter, and switches to the second mode B to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter after 2 minutes until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second mode B reaches Ty, then switches to the first mode a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode a reaches Tx, so that a working cycle is completed (i.e. one working cycle time is Tx + Ty), then switches to the second mode B to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second mode B reaches Ty, and then, the H bridge is controlled by adopting the first mode A so that the DC-DC converter works until the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the first mode A reaches Tx, … …, and the steps are repeated to realize the alternate control of the H bridge, so that the temperature balance control of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube is realized.
Of course, when the obtained total time TA is equal to the total time TB, when the DC-DC converter is started, the first method a may be directly used to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge in the first method a reaches Tx, the second method B may be switched to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge in the second method B reaches Ty, so as to complete a working cycle (i.e., one working cycle time is Tx + Ty), the first method a is switched to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge in the first method a reaches Tx, and then the second method B is switched to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter, until the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the second mode B reaches Ty, … …, the control is repeated, the H bridge is controlled alternately, and therefore the temperature balance control of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube is realized. Or when the obtained total time TA is equal to the total time TB, the second mode B may also be directly adopted to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter when the DC-DC converter is started, until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second mode B reaches Ty, the control is switched to the first mode a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode a reaches Tx, so that one working cycle is completed, and the operation is repeated according to the working cycle until the DC-DC converter stops operating.
After the mode is selected in each work cycle, the H-bridge is controlled according to a fixed mode, i.e. the first mode or the second mode, and the total time for switching the modes is recorded, for example, when the H-bridge is controlled by the first mode, the total time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode recorded in the switching mode is the total time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode acquired from the storage area when the current work of the DC-DC converter is started plus the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode recorded in the current work cycle of the DC-DC converter.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner may be equal to the setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner, which may ensure that the first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2, the third switch tube Q3 and the fourth switch tube Q4 generate heat in a relatively balanced manner when the H-bridge is controlled alternately in the first manner and the second manner.
Of course, it is understood that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and the setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner may not be equal.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the DC-DC converter adopts a control method of phase shift modulation regardless of whether the H-bridge is controlled in the first manner or the H-bridge is controlled in the second manner. The first to fourth switching tubes are driven by 50% duty ratio, the driving voltages of the same bridge arm are complementary, the phase difference is 180 degrees, the phase difference between the leading bridge arm and the lagging bridge arm is a phase angle, and the output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the phase angle.
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the control method of the DC-DC converter includes the following steps:
and S501, starting operation, namely starting the DC-DC converter to operate.
And S502, reading the total time TA for controlling the H bridge in the first mode A and the total time TB for controlling the H bridge in the second mode B.
S503, Tx and Ty are set.
S504, whether TA is larger than TB is judged. If yes, go to step S505; if not, step S506 is performed.
S505, the second mode B is selected to control the H-bridge until TA becomes TB, and then step S508 is executed.
S506, judging whether TA is smaller than TB. If yes, go to step S507; if not, step S508 or S509 is performed.
S507, the first method a is selected to control the H-bridge until TA becomes TB, and then step S509 is executed.
And S508, controlling the H bridge by adopting a first mode A to enable the DC-DC converter to work, judging whether the work is finished or not in the working process, if so, finishing the process, and if not, returning to continue judging.
And S509, controlling the H bridge by adopting a second mode B to enable the DC-DC converter to work, judging whether the work is finished or not in the working process, if so, finishing the process, and if not, returning to continue judging.
And S510, judging whether the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the first mode A reaches Tx or not. If yes, go to step S509; if not, return to step S508.
And S511, judging whether the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the second mode B reaches Ty. If yes, go back to step S508; if not, return to step S509.
In summary, the control method of the DC-DC converter according to the embodiment of the invention can ensure that the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube generate relatively balanced heat in each working process of the DC-DC converter, no additional component is required to be added, the cost is reduced, and the service life of the DC-DC converter is prolonged.
According to the control method of the DC-DC converter of the embodiment of the invention, the total time TA for controlling the H bridge in the first way and the total time TB for controlling the H bridge in the second way are obtained every time the DC-DC converter works, the setting time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first way and the setting time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second way in each working cycle in the working process of the DC-DC converter are obtained, then the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB is judged, finally the way for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started is selected according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, the H bridge is controlled alternately according to Tx and Ty in the working process of the DC-DC converter, so as to carry out temperature equalization control on the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube, and the heat generation of each switch tube is relatively balanced, under the condition of not increasing the cost, the service life of a switching tube in the H bridge is prolonged, so that the life cycle of the DC-DC converter can be prolonged.
As shown in fig. 1, the DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an H-bridge and a Control module 100, such as an MCU (Micro Control Unit). The H-bridge comprises a first switch tube Q1, a second switch tube Q2, a third switch tube Q3 and a fourth switch tube Q4, the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 form a first bridge arm, the third switch tube Q3 and the fourth switch tube Q4 form a second bridge arm, a first node A is arranged between the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2, and a second node B is arranged between the third switch tube Q3 and the fourth switch tube Q4. The control module 100 is configured to obtain a total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in a first manner and a total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in a second manner each time the DC-DC converter operates, obtain a setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and a setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner in each operation cycle during operation of the DC-DC converter, select a manner for controlling the H-bridge at startup of the DC-DC converter by determining a relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately control the H-bridge according to the setting time Tx and the setting time Ty to perform temperature equalization control on the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube, and the fourth switching tube, wherein when the H-bridge is controlled in the first manner, taking the first bridge arm as an advanced bridge arm and taking the second bridge arm as a delayed bridge arm; and when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, taking the second bridge arm as a leading bridge arm and taking the first bridge arm as a lagging bridge arm.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the control module controls the H bridge by adopting the first mode A so as to enable the DC-DC converter to work, the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the first mode A is recorded, so that the total time TA for controlling the H bridge by adopting the first mode can be obtained and then stored; and the control module records the time for controlling the H bridge by the second mode B when the DC-DC converter works, so that the total time TB for controlling the H bridge by the second mode can be obtained and then stored. And then when the DC-DC converter starts to work each time, the control module judges the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, and selects a mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter starts according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB.
Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the control module selects a manner of controlling the H-bridge when the DC-DC converter is started according to a relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB, when the total time TA is greater than the total time TB, the control module selects the second manner to control the H-bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB; when the total time TA is less than the total time TB, the control module selects the first mode to control the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB; when the total time TA is equal to the total time TB, the control module selects the first manner or the second manner to alternately control the H-bridge according to Tx and Ty at the time of startup of the DC-DC converter.
When the control module controls the H bridge alternately according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty, when the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx, the control module controls the H bridge in the second mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty; or when the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty, the H bridge is controlled in the first mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx.
That is to say, before the DC-DC converter works, the control module acquires the total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and the total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner from the storage area, then sets Tx and Ty, then determines whether to control the H-bridge in the first manner or in the second manner according to the determination result, that is, acquires the total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and the total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner from the storage area, and determines the relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB so as to confirm the manner of controlling the H-bridge selected first when the DC-DC converter starts. For example, if the obtained TA is 20 minutes and TB is 18 minutes, the DC-DC converter selects the second method B to control the H-bridge to start up the DC-DC converter in the current operation, and switches to the first method a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter after 2 minutes until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first method a reaches Tx, then switches to the second method B to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second method B reaches Ty, so that one operation cycle is completed (i.e., one operation cycle time is Tx + Ty), then switches to the first method a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first method a reaches Tx, and then, the H bridge is controlled by adopting a second mode B so that the DC-DC converter works until the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the second mode B reaches Ty, … …, and the steps are repeated to realize the alternate control of the H bridge, so that the temperature balance control of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube is realized. If the obtained TA is 18 minutes and TB is 20 minutes, the DC-DC converter selects the first mode a to control the H-bridge to start the DC-DC converter, and switches to the second mode B to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter after 2 minutes until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second mode B reaches Ty, then switches to the first mode a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode a reaches Tx, so that a working cycle is completed (i.e. one working cycle time is Tx + Ty), then switches to the second mode B to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second mode B reaches Ty, and then, the H bridge is controlled by adopting the first mode A so that the DC-DC converter works until the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the first mode A reaches Tx, … …, and the steps are repeated to realize the alternate control of the H bridge, so that the temperature balance control of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube is realized.
Of course, when the obtained total time TA is equal to the total time TB, when the DC-DC converter is started, the first method a may be directly used to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge in the first method a reaches Tx, the second method B may be switched to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge in the second method B reaches Ty, so as to complete a working cycle (i.e., one working cycle time is Tx + Ty), the first method a is switched to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge in the first method a reaches Tx, and then the second method B is switched to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter, until the time for controlling the H bridge by adopting the second mode B reaches Ty, … …, the control is repeated, the H bridge is controlled alternately, and therefore the temperature balance control of the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube is realized. Or when the obtained total time TA is equal to the total time TB, the second mode B may also be directly adopted to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter when the DC-DC converter is started, until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the second mode B reaches Ty, the control is switched to the first mode a to control the H-bridge to operate the DC-DC converter until the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode a reaches Tx, so that one working cycle is completed, and the operation is repeated according to the working cycle until the DC-DC converter stops operating.
After the mode is selected in each work cycle, the H-bridge is controlled according to a fixed mode, i.e. the first mode or the second mode, and the total time for switching the modes is recorded, for example, when the H-bridge is controlled by the first mode, the total time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode recorded in the switching mode is the total time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode acquired from the storage area when the current work of the DC-DC converter is started plus the time for controlling the H-bridge by the first mode recorded in the current work cycle of the DC-DC converter.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the H-bridge is controlled in the first manner, the control signal output by the control module to the first switching tube is complementary to the control signal output by the second switching tube, and the control signal output by the control module to the third switching tube is complementary to the control signal output by the fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube is turned on with a phase angle ahead of the fourth switching tube, and the second switching tube is turned on with a phase angle ahead of the third switching tube.
When the H-bridge is controlled in the second mode, the control signal output by the control module to the first switching tube is complementary to the control signal output to the second switching tube, and the control signal output to the third switching tube is complementary to the control signal output to the fourth switching tube, and the fourth switching tube is turned on one phase angle ahead of the first switching tube, and the third switching tube is turned on one phase angle ahead of the second switching tube.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the first switching Transistor Q1, the second switching Transistor Q2, the third switching Transistor Q3 and the fourth switching Transistor Q4 are all IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar transistors), but in another embodiment of the present invention, the first switching Transistor Q1, the second switching Transistor Q2, the third switching Transistor Q3 and the fourth switching Transistor Q4 may be MOS transistors.
Preferably, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner may be equal to the setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner, so that it is ensured that the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2, the third switching tube Q3 and the fourth switching tube Q4 generate heat relatively balanced when the H-bridge is controlled alternately in the first manner and the second manner.
Of course, it is understood that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and the setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner may not be equal.
According to the DC-DC converter provided by the embodiment of the invention, the control module is used for acquiring the total time TA for controlling the H bridge in a first mode and the total time TB for controlling the H bridge in a second mode each working cycle in the working process, acquiring the setting time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and the setting time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second mode in each working cycle in the working process, selecting the mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started by judging the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately controlling the H bridge according to Tx and Ty in the working process of the DC-DC converter so as to perform temperature equalization control on the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube, so that the heating of each switching tube is relatively balanced, and the working life of the switching tubes in the H bridge is prolonged under the condition of not increasing the cost, thereby extending the life cycle.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle 10 including the above-described DC-DC converter 20.
According to the electric automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the DC-DC converter works every time, the temperature balance control of the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube in the H bridge can be realized, so that the heat generation of each switching tube is relatively balanced, the service life of the switching tubes in the H bridge is prolonged under the condition of not increasing the cost, and the life cycle of the DC-DC converter is prolonged.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A control method of a DC-DC converter is characterized in that the DC-DC converter comprises an H bridge, the H bridge comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube, wherein the first switch tube and the second switch tube form a first bridge arm, and the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube form a second bridge arm, and the control method comprises the following steps:
when the DC-DC converter works every time, acquiring total time TA for controlling the H bridge in a first mode and total time TB for controlling the H bridge in a second mode, and acquiring set time Tx for controlling the H bridge in the first mode and set time Ty for controlling the H bridge in the second mode in each working cycle in the working process of the DC-DC converter, wherein when the H bridge is controlled in the first mode, the first bridge arm is used as a leading bridge arm, and the second bridge arm is used as a lagging bridge arm; when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, the second bridge arm is used as an advanced bridge arm, and the first bridge arm is used as a delayed bridge arm;
judging the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB;
selecting a mode for controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately controlling the H bridge according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty so as to perform temperature balance control on the first switch tube, the second switch tube, the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube;
when the mode of controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started is selected according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, wherein,
when the total time TA is greater than the total time TB, selecting the second mode to control the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB;
when the total time TA is less than the total time TB, selecting the first mode to control the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB;
selecting the first manner or the second manner at the start of the DC-DC converter to alternately control the H-bridge according to Tx and Ty when the total time TA is equal to the total time TB.
2. The control method of a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein,
when the H bridge is controlled in the first mode, a control signal output to the first switching tube is complementary to a control signal output to the second switching tube, a control signal output to the third switching tube is complementary to a control signal output to the fourth switching tube, the first switching tube is switched on by advancing a phase angle than the fourth switching tube, and the second switching tube is switched on by advancing a phase angle than the third switching tube;
when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, the control signal output to the first switch tube is complementary to the control signal output to the second switch tube, the control signal output to the third switch tube is complementary to the control signal output to the fourth switch tube, the fourth switch tube is switched on by advancing one phase angle than the first switch tube, and the third switch tube is switched on by advancing one phase angle than the second switch tube.
3. The method of controlling a DC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the alternately controlling the H-bridge according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty includes:
when the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx, controlling the H bridge in the second mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty; or
And when the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty, controlling the H bridge in the first mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx.
4. A method for controlling a DC-DC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a set time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner is equal to a set time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner.
5. A DC-DC converter, comprising:
the bridge comprises an H bridge and a bridge body, wherein the H bridge comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, the first switching tube and the second switching tube form a first bridge arm, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube form a second bridge arm;
a control module, configured to obtain a total time TA for controlling the H-bridge in a first manner and a total time TB for controlling the H-bridge in a second manner each time the DC-DC converter operates, obtain a setting time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first manner and a setting time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second manner in each operation cycle during operation of the DC-DC converter, select a manner for controlling the H-bridge when the DC-DC converter starts by determining a relationship between the total time TA and the total time TB, and alternately control the H-bridge according to the setting time Tx and the setting time Ty to perform temperature equalization control on the first switching tube, the second switching tube, the third switching tube, and the fourth switching tube,
when the H bridge is controlled in the first mode, the first bridge arm is used as a leading bridge arm, and the second bridge arm is used as a lagging bridge arm;
when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, the second bridge arm is used as an advanced bridge arm, and the first bridge arm is used as a delayed bridge arm;
when the control module selects the mode of controlling the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started according to the relation between the total time TA and the total time TB, wherein,
when the total time TA is greater than the total time TB, the control module selects the second mode to control the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB;
when the total time TA is less than the total time TB, the control module selects the first mode to control the H bridge when the DC-DC converter is started until the total time TA is equal to the total time TB;
when the total time TA is equal to the total time TB, the control module selects the first manner or the second manner to alternately control the H-bridge according to Tx and Ty at the time of startup of the DC-DC converter.
6. The DC-DC converter according to claim 5, wherein,
when the H bridge is controlled in the first mode, the control signal output to the first switching tube by the control module is complementary with the control signal output to the second switching tube, and the control signal output to the third switching tube is complementary with the control signal output to the fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube is turned on by a phase angle before the fourth switching tube, and the second switching tube is turned on by a phase angle before the third switching tube;
when the H bridge is controlled in the second mode, the control signal output to the first switch tube by the control module is complementary to the control signal output to the second switch tube, and the control signal output to the third switch tube is complementary to the control signal output to the fourth switch tube, and the fourth switch tube is switched on by advancing the first switch tube by a phase angle, and the third switch tube is switched on by advancing the second switch tube by a phase angle.
7. The DC-DC converter according to claim 5, wherein the control module alternately controls the H-bridge according to the set time Tx and the set time Ty, wherein,
when the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx, the control module controls the H bridge in the second mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty; or
When the time for controlling the H bridge in the second mode reaches Ty, the control module controls the H bridge in the first mode until the time for controlling the H bridge in the first mode reaches Tx.
8. A DC-DC converter according to any of claims 5-7, characterized in that the set-up time Tx for controlling the H-bridge in the first way is equal to the set-up time Ty for controlling the H-bridge in the second way.
9. An electric vehicle comprising a DC-DC converter according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
CN201611109689.7A 2016-12-02 2016-12-02 Electric vehicle, DC-DC converter thereof and control method of DC-DC converter Active CN108155800B (en)

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CN113224961B (en) * 2021-05-18 2022-04-01 中国矿业大学(北京) Uniform temperature control strategy of full-control H-bridge converter based on periodic carrier rotation

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