CN108152124B - Method and device for detecting tensile failure temperature of material - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting tensile failure temperature of material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108152124B CN108152124B CN201810116074.XA CN201810116074A CN108152124B CN 108152124 B CN108152124 B CN 108152124B CN 201810116074 A CN201810116074 A CN 201810116074A CN 108152124 B CN108152124 B CN 108152124B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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Abstract
A method and a device for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material are provided, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) Installing heating rings at a plurality of different positions of the material to be detected, and arranging a heat insulation layer between the heating rings and the material to be detected; then placing the steel wire rope into a tensile property testing machine, and fixing and clamping the steel wire rope; (2) Electrifying the heating ring to heat, so that different parts of the material to be detected are heated to different temperatures; (3) And carrying out a tensile test on the material to be detected by a tensile property tester, and determining the tensile failure temperature according to the failure position at first. The device comprises a clamp, a temperature control box and a heating device, wherein the heating device consists of a plurality of heating rings, thermocouples and a heat insulation layer, and each heating ring is provided with a resistance wire and is connected with the temperature control box. The device and the method of the invention utilize one workpiece to rapidly detect the temperature of the material when in tensile failure, thereby improving the detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material detection, and particularly relates to a method and a device for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material.
Background
In the aerospace field, a large number of composite material workpieces or laminated material workpieces are limited by the internal performance of the workpieces, and the defects of great influence of temperature are commonly caused; however, during the machining of the workpiece, it is necessarily affected by heat, and the cutting heat generated during the machining may cause the performance thereof to be deteriorated.
With the continuous improvement of the processing temperature, the performance of the workpiece at the processing position is gradually reduced, and the workpiece is easily damaged by layering and the like at the processing position under the action of cutting force, so that the processing quality of the workpiece is seriously reduced; therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the processing temperature so as to be lower than the breaking temperature of the material.
In order to detect the temperature at which the material breaks, it is generally necessary to use a tensile test method, specifically as follows:
(1) Heating a workpiece to a certain temperature, fixing the workpiece on a tensile property detection test device for test, and repeating for a plurality of times to obtain the damage temperature of the material;
(2) Fixing the workpiece on a tensile property detection test device, heating the workpiece to a certain temperature, preserving heat, carrying out a tensile test, and repeating for a plurality of times to obtain the damage temperature of the material.
However, both methods only measure the temperature of the tensile failure of the material when one workpiece is heated to a certain temperature, and a plurality of workpieces need to be prepared in advance for the test in the test process. Therefore, not only is a great deal of waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources caused, but also the workload is increased, the efficiency is reduced, and particularly in certain cases, the number of the workpieces is limited or the price is very high, so that the test is difficult to carry out or the cost is too high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method and a device for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material, which are characterized in that a workpiece can be adopted to rapidly detect the approximate temperature of the material during tensile failure, thereby saving resources, reducing cost and improving efficiency.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a material to be detected into a standard-size sample, installing heating rings at a plurality of different positions in the axial direction of the material to be detected, and arranging a heat insulation layer between the heating rings and the material to be detected; then placing the material into a tensile property testing machine, and fixedly clamping two ends of the material to be detected through a positioning and clamping device;
(2) Electrifying the heating ring to heat, heating each part of the material to be detected, and then heating, and adjusting the temperature of the heating ring to heat different parts of the material to be detected to different temperatures;
(3) After different parts of the material to be detected respectively reach different set temperatures, the material to be detected is subjected to a tensile test by a tensile property tester, and according to the position where the material to be detected is damaged at first, the set temperature of the heating ring corresponding to the position during heating is the tensile damage temperature of the material to be detected.
In the method, the material to be detected is a composite material, titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy or stainless steel.
In the method, the standard size is matched with a tensile property testing machine.
The heat insulation layer is a fiber reinforced plastic plate and is adhered to the material to be detected.
The heating ring is made of copper, and the size of an inner channel of the heating ring is matched with the external size of a material to be detected, to which the heat insulation layer is adhered.
The heating ring is provided with the heating ring resistance wire, the heating ring resistance wire is connected with the resistance wire of the temperature control box through a wire, and the heating ring is electrified and heated through the temperature control box, so that the local temperature of the material to be detected is controlled.
The device for detecting the tensile failure temperature of the material comprises a clamp 7, a temperature control box 6 and a heating device, wherein the heating device consists of a plurality of heating rings 1, a plurality of thermocouples and a plurality of heat insulation layers 8, each heating ring 1 is sleeved on one heat insulation layer 8, each heat insulation layer 8 is wrapped outside the material 2 to be detected, the plurality of heating rings 1 and the heat insulation layers 8 are distributed at a plurality of different positions in the axial direction of the material 2 to be detected, and each position is provided with one thermocouple for measuring the local temperature of the material 2 to be detected; each heating ring 1 is provided with a heating ring resistance wire 3, the heating ring resistance wires 3 are connected with a resistance wire 5 of a temperature control box through a lead 4, and the resistance wire 5 of the temperature control box is assembled on a temperature control box 6; clamps 7 are fitted at both ends of the material 2 to be inspected.
In the device, the thermocouple is assembled with the temperature control box 6 through a wire to control the local temperature of the material 2 to be detected at the position of the heating ring 1.
In the prior art, for a method test for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material, a plurality of workpieces need to be prepared in advance, heating is needed respectively, and the test is repeated for a plurality of times; the device and the method can heat different parts of one workpiece to different temperatures, namely, the temperature of the one workpiece during the material stretching damage is rapidly detected, so that the time is greatly shortened, the material is saved, and the efficiency is improved; meanwhile, the invention can mount a plurality of heating rings on the same workpiece, and the size and the temperature of the heating rings can be changed, so that the temperature of each part of the workpiece can be more conveniently controlled, a mixed temperature field is formed, and the research on the material damage process or the damage performance under various mixed temperature fields can be carried out.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting a tensile failure temperature of a material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
in the figure, a 1-heating ring, a 2-material to be detected, a resistance wire of a 3-heating ring, a 4-wire, a resistance wire of a 5-temperature control box, a 6-temperature control box, a 7-clamp and an 8-heat insulation layer;
FIG. 5 is a graph of temperature versus maximum load in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The positioning and clamping device adopted in the embodiment of the invention is a clamp.
The material to be detected in the embodiment of the invention is a carbon fiber composite material, and is formed by paving carbon fibers and epoxy resin materials layer by layer.
In the carbon fiber composite material provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fiber layering mode of the carbon fiber plate is as follows: [ +45°/-45° ]2S, the average diameter of each carbon fiber was 5 μm, and the volume ratio of the carbon fibers was 60.+ -. 5%.
The standard dimensions in the examples of the present invention are 250X 25X 2.0mm.
The tensile test in the embodiment of the invention is carried out by referring to a GB7559-1987 fiber reinforced laminated board tensile strength test method; and refer to all requirements in the ASTM-D5961 standard specification test.
After the tensile test is finished, the obtained test data are recorded, the obtained data are calculated according to the method of GB7559-1987, the change rule of a curve is drawn according to a load-displacement diagram, and the maximum load and the maximum tensile stress are obtained from the original data through formula calculation.
The loading feed amount in the tensile test in the embodiment of the invention is 25mm/min, the tensile property tester adopts a CSS88100 electronic universal tester, the measuring range is 0-100 KN, and the initial temperature is 20 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the heating rings are uniformly distributed in the axial direction of the material to be detected.
In the embodiment of the invention, the set temperature of each heating ring is 5-30 ℃ according to the temperature difference between two adjacent heating rings (when the temperature is room temperature, the heating rings are omitted).
In the method, the temperature difference of the adjacent heating rings is designed according to actual needs, when the temperature difference is required to be gradually accurate, a larger value of the temperature difference is set, and then the temperature difference is gradually reduced by using the same material until the required accuracy is reached.
The structure of the detection device for the tensile failure temperature of the material is shown in fig. 1, the detection device comprises a clamp 7, a temperature control box 6 and a heating device, wherein the structure of the heating device is shown in fig. 2, the bottom view is shown in fig. 3, the cross-section structure is shown in fig. 4 (a part between a heating ring 1 and the material 2 to be detected is filled with a heat insulation layer 8), the detection device consists of 5 heating rings 1,5 thermocouples and 5 heat insulation layers 8, each heating ring 1 is sleeved on one heat insulation layer 8, each heat insulation layer 8 is wrapped outside the material 2 to be detected, the 5 heating rings 1 and the heat insulation layers 8 are distributed at 5 different positions in the axial direction of the material 2 to be detected, and each position is provided with one thermocouple for measuring the local temperature of the material 2 to be detected; each heating ring 1 is welded and fixed with a heating ring resistance wire 3, the heating ring resistance wire 3 is connected with a resistance wire 5 of a temperature control box through a lead 4, and the resistance wire 5 of the temperature control box is assembled on a temperature control box 6; the clamps 7 are assembled at two ends of the material 2 to be detected; the thermocouple is assembled with the temperature control box 6 through a wire to control the local temperature of the material to be detected at the position of the heating ring 1.
Example 1
Preparing a material to be detected into a standard-size sample, respectively mounting heating rings at 5 axial positions of the material to be detected, and arranging a heat insulation layer between the heating rings and the material to be detected; then placing the material into a tensile property testing machine, and fixedly clamping two ends of the material to be detected through a positioning and clamping device; the heat insulation layer is a fiber reinforced plastic plate and is stuck on the material to be detected; the heating ring is made of copper, and the size of an inner channel of the heating ring is matched with the external size of the material to be detected, to which the heat insulation layer is adhered;
the heating ring is provided with a heating ring resistance wire which is connected with a resistance wire of the temperature control box through a lead, and the heating ring is electrified and heated through the temperature control box, so that the local temperature of the material to be detected is controlled;
electrifying the heating rings to heat, heating up each part of the material to be detected, and adjusting the temperature of the heating rings to set the temperature of the position of each heating ring of the material to be detected to be 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 120 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃ respectively;
after different parts of the material to be detected respectively reach different set temperatures, carrying out a tensile test on the material to be detected by a tensile property tester, and according to the position where the material to be detected is damaged at first, setting the temperature of a heating ring corresponding to the position during heating to obtain the tensile damage temperature of the material to be detected;
when the material to be detected is a carbon fiber composite material, the glass transition temperature is known to be 156.55 ℃; the test results found that breakage occurred around 150 ℃;
the test was performed separately using the conventional method: firstly, uniformly numbering the test pieces according to six groups of temperature categories of room temperature of 20 ℃, 60 ℃, 90 ℃, 120 ℃, 150 ℃ and 180 ℃, wherein each group of temperature needs two test pieces for testing, and the test pieces with the same temperature are distinguished by A, B; the test results are the same as the method of the present invention, and the temperature-maximum load curve is shown in fig. 5; compared with the traditional mode, the method is simple, convenient and efficient, the measured data is within the error allowable range, and the test result is real and effective.
The above description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims, and any changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. The method for detecting the tensile failure temperature of the material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a material to be detected into a standard-size sample, installing heating rings at a plurality of different positions in the axial direction of the material to be detected, and arranging a heat insulation layer between the heating rings and the material to be detected; then placing the material into a tensile property testing machine, and fixedly clamping two ends of the material to be detected through a positioning and clamping device;
(2) Electrifying the heating ring to heat, heating each part of the material to be detected, and then heating, and adjusting the temperature of the heating ring to heat different parts of the material to be detected to different temperatures;
(3) After different parts of the material to be detected respectively reach different set temperatures, carrying out a tensile test on the material to be detected by a tensile property tester, and according to the position where the material to be detected is damaged at first, setting the temperature of a heating ring corresponding to the position during heating to obtain the tensile damage temperature of the material to be detected;
the device for detecting the tensile failure temperature of the material comprises a clamp (7), a temperature control box (6) and a heating device, wherein the heating device consists of a plurality of heating rings (1), a plurality of thermocouples and a plurality of heat insulation layers (8), each heating ring (1) is sleeved on one heat insulation layer (8), each heat insulation layer (8) is wrapped outside the material (2) to be detected, 5 heating rings (1) and heat insulation layers (8) are distributed at 5 different positions in the axial direction of the material (2) to be detected, and each position is provided with one thermocouple for measuring the local temperature of the material (2) to be detected; each heating ring (1) is provided with a heating ring resistance wire (3), the heating ring resistance wires (3) are connected with a resistance wire (5) of a temperature control box through a lead (4), and the resistance wire (5) of the temperature control box is assembled on the temperature control box (6); the clamps (7) are assembled at two ends of the material (2) to be detected;
the thermocouple is assembled with the temperature control box (6) through a wire, and controls the local temperature of the material (2) to be detected at the position of the heating ring (1).
2. The method for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material according to claim 1, wherein the material to be detected is a composite material, a titanium alloy, a superalloy or stainless steel.
3. The method for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating layer is a fiber reinforced plastic plate and is adhered to the material to be detected.
4. The method for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material according to claim 1, wherein the heating ring is made of copper, and the inner diameter of the heating ring is matched with the outer diameter of the material to be detected, to which the heat insulation layer is adhered.
5. The method for detecting the tensile failure temperature of a material according to claim 1, wherein the heating ring is electrically heated by a temperature control box, thereby controlling the local temperature of the material to be detected.
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| CN201810116074.XA CN108152124B (en) | 2018-02-06 | 2018-02-06 | Method and device for detecting tensile failure temperature of material |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110736699B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-10-14 | 临海伟星新型建材有限公司 | Device for testing binding force between plastic part and metal insert and testing method thereof |
| CN112378775A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-19 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Quasi-static mechanical property testing device and testing method suitable for high-temperature environment |
| CN116337645B (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-08-04 | 苏州方正工程技术开发检测有限公司 | Material ageing function check out test set |
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