CN108146497A - A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck - Google Patents
A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108146497A CN108146497A CN201711223583.4A CN201711223583A CN108146497A CN 108146497 A CN108146497 A CN 108146497A CN 201711223583 A CN201711223583 A CN 201711223583A CN 108146497 A CN108146497 A CN 108146497A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- steering
- solenoid valve
- valve
- throttle
- wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
- B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
- B62D5/08—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle characterised by type of steering valve used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/07568—Steering arrangements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hydro-steering synchronous control systems for fork truck.Including fuel tank, oil pump, flow stabilizing valve, steering overflow valve, all-hydraulic steering gear, check valve, steering cylinder, wheel steering angle potentiometer and steering wheel angle potentiometer;Further include the first compensation mechanism and the second compensation mechanism;First compensation mechanism includes the first solenoid valve and first throttle valve;Second compensation mechanism includes second solenoid valve and second throttle.During work, enter the size of the flow of steering cylinder left chamber by the first solenoid valve by first throttle valve regulation;The size for the flow for entering steering cylinder right chamber by second solenoid valve is adjusted by second throttle;According to the difference of wheel steering angle potentiometer and the corner of steering wheel angle potentiometer, the work once electrified or dead electricity for determining the first solenoid valve and second solenoid valve are stopped.The present invention realizes the automatic amendment in forklift steering system direction, ensure that the consistency of steering wheel and steering wheel angle, increases the safety of fork truck traveling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forklift steering systems, and in particular to a kind of hydro-steering control system.
Background technology
Because steering gear is there are hydraulic leak, fork truck causes to turn to all hydraulic pressure steering-gear when steering operation is carried out
The problem of taking turns corner and inconsistent steering wheel angle.For example, common hydraulic steering system deflecting roller steering angle
When going to maximum value, due to the presence of leakage, steering wheel still can be to one side slip a distance of steering, and works as and return to straight line
During walking, certain deflection just has occurred in the relatively preceding straight line moving of corner of steering wheel.For this purpose, driver is in operation fork truck
In driving process, frequent manipulation direction disk just to can guarantee fork truck according to set direction running, driver's labor intensity is big, easily
Fatigue, the safety in fork truck driving process substantially reduce.
Invention content
In order to solve the problems, such as that fork lift back wheel steering angle and steering wheel angle are inconsistent, the present invention provides one kind for pitching
The hydro-steering synchronous control system of vehicle.The corner difference of wheel is compensated using hydraulic flow compensation, makes steering wheel
Corner forms correspondence with wheel steering angle, so as to solve to turn to offset problem.
A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck includes fuel tank 1, oil pump 2, flow stabilizing valve 3, steering
Overflow valve 4, all-hydraulic steering gear 5, check valve 6 and steering cylinder 9;Right piston bar in the 9 right working chamber of steering cylinder
Overhanging end is equipped with wheel steering angle potentiometer 10;The all-hydraulic steering gear 5 is connected to steering wheel 14, institute by steering column
It states and steering wheel angle potentiometer 13 is equipped between all-hydraulic steering gear 5 and steering wheel 14, steering wheel angle potentiometer 13 is with direction
Disk 14 rotates;
Further include the first compensation mechanism and the second compensation mechanism;
First compensation mechanism includes the first solenoid valve 7 and first throttle valve 8;
Second compensation mechanism includes second solenoid valve 12 and second throttle 11;
The a mouths of first solenoid valve 7 connect all-hydraulic steering gear with the parallel connection of the a1 mouths of second solenoid valve 12 by check valve 6
5 P oil inlets;
The first throttle valve 8 is connected on the b mouths of the first solenoid valve 7, and the outlet of first throttle valve 8 is respectively communicated with described turn
To 9 left working chamber of oil cylinder and an actuator port of all-hydraulic steering gear 5;
The second throttle 11 is connected on the b1 mouths of second solenoid valve 12, and the outlet of second throttle 11 is respectively communicated with institute
State an actuator port of 9 right working chamber of steering cylinder and all-hydraulic steering gear 5;
During work, the size for entering 9 flow of steering cylinder by the first solenoid valve 7 is adjusted by first throttle valve 8;Pass through the second section
Stream valve 11 adjusts the size for entering 9 flow of steering cylinder by second solenoid valve 12;According to wheel steering angle potentiometer 10 and steering wheel
The difference of the corner of corner potentiometer 13 determines that the work once electrified or dead electricity of the first solenoid valve 7 and second solenoid valve 12 stop work
Make.
The technical solution further limited is as follows:
First solenoid valve 7 and second solenoid valve 12 are 2/2-way solenoid valve.
The outlet of the first throttle valve 8 is respectively communicated with the 9 left working chamber of steering cylinder and complete by left three-way pipe 18
The L actuator ports of hydraulic steering gear 5.
The outlet of the second throttle 11 by right three-way pipe 19 be respectively communicated with the 9 right working chamber of steering cylinder and
The R actuator ports of all-hydraulic steering gear 5.
The advantageous effects of the present invention embody in the following areas:
1. the present invention solves fork-truck steering offset by using the control of solenoid valve, forklift steering system direction oneself is realized
It is dynamic to correct, it ensure that the consistency of steering wheel and steering wheel angle, improve sense of direction when driver turns to, increase fork truck traveling
Safety in the process.
2. being automatically controlled using solenoid valve realization, operation is comfortable, improves work efficiency.
3. use external solenoid valve and throttle valve, simple in structure, convenient to install and maintain, compact appearance, good manufacturability, cost
It is low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention.
Serial number in upper figure:Fuel tank 1, oil pump 2, flow stabilizing valve 3, steering overflow valve 4, all-hydraulic steering gear 5, check valve 6,
First solenoid valve 7, first throttle valve 8, steering cylinder 9, wheel steering angle potentiometer 10, second throttle 11, second solenoid valve 12,
Steering wheel angle potentiometer 13, steering wheel 14, three-way pipe 15, three-way pipe 16, three-way pipe 17, left three-way pipe 18, right three-way pipe 19.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further described by embodiment.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck includes fuel tank 1, oil pump 2, flow stabilizing valve 3, turns to
System overflow valve 4, all-hydraulic steering gear 5, check valve 6 and steering cylinder 9.Right piston bar in 9 right working chamber of steering cylinder
Overhanging end is equipped with wheel steering angle potentiometer 10(The wheel steering angle potentiometer 10 may also be arranged on 9 left working chamber of steering cylinder
On the overhanging end of interior left piston bar).All-hydraulic steering gear 5 is connected to steering wheel 14, hydro-steering by steering column
Steering wheel angle potentiometer 13 is equipped between device 5 and steering wheel 14, steering wheel angle potentiometer 13 is rotated with steering wheel 14.
Further include the first compensation mechanism and the second compensation mechanism;First compensation mechanism includes the first solenoid valve 7 and first segment
Flow valve 8;Second compensation mechanism includes second solenoid valve 12 and second throttle 11;First solenoid valve 7 and second solenoid valve 12 are equal
For 2/2-way solenoid valve.
The a mouths of first solenoid valve 7 connect all-hydraulic steering gear with the parallel connection of the a1 mouths of second solenoid valve 12 by check valve 6
5 P oil inlets.
First throttle valve 8 is connected on the b mouths of the first solenoid valve 7, and the outlet of first throttle valve 8 is divided by left three-way pipe 18
The L actuator ports of the 9 left working chamber of steering cylinder and all-hydraulic steering gear 5 are not connected.
Second throttle 11 is connected on the b1 mouths of second solenoid valve 12, and the outlet of second throttle 11 passes through right three-way pipe
19 are respectively communicated with the R actuator ports of the 9 right working chamber of steering cylinder and all-hydraulic steering gear 5.
When starting to start work, need to set wheel steering angle potentiometer 10 and direction in the electrical control gear of vehicle
The corner proportionate relationship of disk corner potentiometer 13.The corner proportionate relationship be the first solenoid valve 7 and second solenoid valve 12 whether
Connect the foundation of work.
The operation principle of the present invention is described as follows:When fork-truck steering, manipulation direction disk 14 is driven at all-hydraulic steering gear 5
In operating position, for the pressure oil that oil pump 2 exports through flow stabilizing valve 3, a part supplies all-hydraulic steering gear 5 with regime flow, another
Other working oil paths of part supply forklift hydraulic system.All-hydraulic steering gear 5 is exported pressure oil to steering by actuator port
Oil cylinder 9 acts.The corner difference of wheel steering angle potentiometer 10 and steering wheel angle potentiometer 13 determines the first solenoid valve 7 and the
The work once electrified or dead electricity of two solenoid valves 12 are stopped, and decide whether to start difference compensation flow, to two chambers of steering cylinder 9
Compensate The hydraulic oil.If the corner relative scale of wheel steering angle potentiometer 10 and steering wheel angle potentiometer 13 conforms to
It asks, the first solenoid valve 7 and 12 dead electricity of second solenoid valve do not work, and compensation flow is off;If because steering cylinder 9 is left
Side low on fuel generates deviation, and the first solenoid valve 7 obtains electric commutation, and the pressure oil that oil pump 2 exports is removed and supplied by all-hydraulic steering gear 5
Outside to steering cylinder, also part supplies steering cylinder 9 by the first solenoid valve 7 through first throttle valve 8, and the size of oil mass is by the
One throttle valve 8 is adjusted.Similarly, if because 9 right side low on fuel of steering cylinder generates deviation, second solenoid valve 12 obtains electric change
To the pressure oil that oil pump 2 exports also partly passes through second solenoid valve in addition to steering cylinder is supplied by all-hydraulic steering gear 5
12 supply steering cylinder 9 through second throttle 11, and the size of oil mass is adjusted by second throttle 11, steering angle of wheel with
Be modified, always compensate for returning to setting to the corner ratio of wheel steering angle potentiometer 10 and steering wheel angle potentiometer 13
Proportion requirement, compensation electromagnetic valve are just accordingly turned off.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck, including fuel tank(1), oil pump(2), flow stabilizing valve(3), turn to
System overflow valve(4), all-hydraulic steering gear(5), check valve(6)And steering cylinder(9);The steering cylinder(9)Right working chamber
The overhanging end of interior right piston bar is equipped with wheel steering angle potentiometer(10);The all-hydraulic steering gear(5)Pass through steering tube
Column is connected to steering wheel(14), the all-hydraulic steering gear(5)And steering wheel(14)Between be equipped with steering wheel angle potentiometer
(13), steering wheel angle potentiometer(13)With steering wheel(14)Rotation, it is characterised in that:
Further include the first compensation mechanism and the second compensation mechanism;
First compensation mechanism includes the first solenoid valve(7)And first throttle valve(8);
Second compensation mechanism includes second solenoid valve(12)And second throttle(11);
First solenoid valve(7)A mouths and second solenoid valve(12)A1 mouth parallel connections pass through check valve(6)It connects all-hydraulic
Steering gear(5)P oil inlets;
The first throttle valve(8)It is connected on the first solenoid valve(7)B mouths on, first throttle valve(8)Outlet be respectively communicated with
The steering cylinder(9)Left working chamber and all-hydraulic steering gear(5)An actuator port;
The second throttle(11)It is connected on second solenoid valve(12)B1 mouths on, second throttle(11)Outlet connect respectively
Lead to the steering cylinder(9)Right working chamber and all-hydraulic steering gear(5)An actuator port;
During work, pass through first throttle valve(8)It adjusts by the first solenoid valve(7)Into steering cylinder(9)The size of flow;Pass through
Second throttle(11)It adjusts by second solenoid valve(12)Into steering cylinder(9)The size of flow;According to wheel steering angle current potential
Device(10)With steering wheel angle potentiometer(13)Corner difference, determine the first solenoid valve(7)And second solenoid valve(12)'s
Work once electrified or dead electricity are stopped.
2. a kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described
First solenoid valve(7)And second solenoid valve(12)It is 2/2-way solenoid valve.
3. a kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described
First throttle valve(8)Outlet pass through left three-way pipe(18)It is respectively communicated with the steering cylinder(9)Left working chamber and all-hydraulic turn
To device(5)L actuator ports.
4. a kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:It is described
Second throttle(11)Outlet pass through right three-way pipe(19)It is respectively communicated with the steering cylinder(9)Right working chamber and all-hydraulic
Steering gear(5)R actuator ports.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711223583.4A CN108146497B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Full-hydraulic steering synchronous control system for forklift |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711223583.4A CN108146497B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Full-hydraulic steering synchronous control system for forklift |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108146497A true CN108146497A (en) | 2018-06-12 |
CN108146497B CN108146497B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
Family
ID=62469089
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711223583.4A Active CN108146497B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Full-hydraulic steering synchronous control system for forklift |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108146497B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110294014A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-01 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of hydraulic steering system and its working method of self-correction |
CN110843905A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-02-28 | 重庆达航工业有限公司 | Automatic aligning steering system |
CN111943091A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-11-17 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Control method for hydraulic steering of forklift and hydraulic steering system |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2642618Y (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2004-09-22 | 镇江液压件总厂 | Combined dynamic load sensing full hydraulic pressure steering system |
CN201037224Y (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-03-19 | 徐州工程机械科技股份有限公司 | Full hydraulic pressure double steel roller closed-loop steering valve-control system |
CN201646845U (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2010-11-24 | 宁波如意股份有限公司 | Hydraulic device for controlling engineering vehicle to steer |
CN102351005A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-02-15 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | Multi-mode steering hydraulic control system and wheeled crane using same |
CN102806941A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2012-12-05 | 宁波海迈克动力科技有限公司 | High-precision forklift hydraulic steering system and control method thereof |
CN202827716U (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-03-27 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Steering electro-hydraulic control system for remote-control loader |
CN203623770U (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-06-04 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Synchronous steering control system of electric forklift |
CN103863390A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-06-18 | 合肥工业大学 | Balance controlling system for four-wheel counter-balanced forklift truck |
CN204055955U (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-12-31 | 西华大学 | A kind of special-use vehicle steering swivel system |
CN204895559U (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-23 | 北京安期生技术有限公司 | Take remote control steering hydraulic system of flow enlarging function |
US20160319848A1 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-11-03 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Hydraulic Drive System |
CN106314529A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-11 | 镇江液压股份有限公司 | Full-hydraulic rear wheel steering accurate positioning control system and method |
CN207683594U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck |
-
2017
- 2017-11-29 CN CN201711223583.4A patent/CN108146497B/en active Active
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2642618Y (en) * | 2003-08-05 | 2004-09-22 | 镇江液压件总厂 | Combined dynamic load sensing full hydraulic pressure steering system |
CN201037224Y (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-03-19 | 徐州工程机械科技股份有限公司 | Full hydraulic pressure double steel roller closed-loop steering valve-control system |
CN201646845U (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2010-11-24 | 宁波如意股份有限公司 | Hydraulic device for controlling engineering vehicle to steer |
CN102351005A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-02-15 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | Multi-mode steering hydraulic control system and wheeled crane using same |
CN102806941A (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2012-12-05 | 宁波海迈克动力科技有限公司 | High-precision forklift hydraulic steering system and control method thereof |
CN202827716U (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2013-03-27 | 上海宝冶集团有限公司 | Steering electro-hydraulic control system for remote-control loader |
CN204055955U (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-12-31 | 西华大学 | A kind of special-use vehicle steering swivel system |
CN203623770U (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-06-04 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Synchronous steering control system of electric forklift |
US20160319848A1 (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2016-11-03 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Hydraulic Drive System |
CN103863390A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-06-18 | 合肥工业大学 | Balance controlling system for four-wheel counter-balanced forklift truck |
CN106314529A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-11 | 镇江液压股份有限公司 | Full-hydraulic rear wheel steering accurate positioning control system and method |
CN204895559U (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-23 | 北京安期生技术有限公司 | Take remote control steering hydraulic system of flow enlarging function |
CN207683594U (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-08-03 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110294014A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-01 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of hydraulic steering system and its working method of self-correction |
CN110843905A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-02-28 | 重庆达航工业有限公司 | Automatic aligning steering system |
CN111943091A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-11-17 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Control method for hydraulic steering of forklift and hydraulic steering system |
CN111943091B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2023-12-22 | 安徽合力股份有限公司 | Control method for hydraulic steering of forklift and hydraulic steering system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108146497B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN104309683B (en) | Hydraulic steering system and wheel crane | |
CN204527297U (en) | A kind of for agricultural vehicle auto-manual dual rotation system | |
CN108146497A (en) | A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck | |
CN102351004B (en) | Automobile power-assisted steering system | |
CN106080763A (en) | A kind of fluid motor-driven steering based on all-hydraulic steering gear | |
CN109052238A (en) | A kind of fluid power system of fork truck | |
WO2020181621A1 (en) | Full hydraulic synchronous steering system for low-speed heavy-duty vehicle and control method therefor | |
CN207683594U (en) | A kind of hydro-steering synchronous control system for fork truck | |
US20160312888A1 (en) | Hydrostatic Transmission, Traction Drive having the Transmission, and Method for Controlling the Transmission | |
CN107813870A (en) | A kind of aerial work platform four-wheel steering hydraulic system | |
CN107351912A (en) | A kind of electric hydraulic steering system and paver | |
CN107725542B (en) | Land leveller front wheel driven hydraulic control system | |
CN107585712A (en) | A kind of multidirectional fork truck skidding cornerite turns to synchronization system | |
CN215922319U (en) | Electro-hydraulic control steering system and loader | |
US9995387B2 (en) | Hydrostatic traction drive system | |
CN207535976U (en) | A kind of aerial work platform four-wheel steering hydraulic system | |
CN205769556U (en) | A kind of laser leveling machine steering | |
CN107503997A (en) | Back pressure and the double actuator systems of power matching hydraulic hybrid regulation and control | |
JPS61200064A (en) | 4-wheel steering apparatus | |
CN110594222B (en) | Hydraulic valve group of unmanned agricultural machinery | |
CN209290486U (en) | A kind of unmanned mine truck hydraulic steering system | |
CN206900471U (en) | Hydraulic hub motor aids in differential servo steering system | |
CN107176204B (en) | Hydraulic hub motor aids in differential servo steering system | |
CN206589954U (en) | A kind of automatically controlled variable-flow steering boost system | |
CN111173789A (en) | High-altitude operation platform walking control system |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |