CN108143965A - 一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药 - Google Patents
一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药应用领域,特别公开了一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药。该一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药,以连翘、党参、蜂房、归尾、桃仁、红花、赤芍、乳香、羌活、防风、麻黄、桂枝、川乌、草乌、知母、薏苡仁、棉萆薢、忍冬藤、金银花、陈皮、芥子、白芍、熟地黄、淫羊藿、鹿茸、全蝎、蜈蚣、地龙、蕲蛇、乌梢蛇、木瓜、茯苓、黄柏、防已、山茱萸和女贞子为原料,按照一定的重量配比混合制成中药膏剂。本发明以消炎镇痛,活血化瘀为治则,多种药材组合协同,主要用于清热解毒,消肿散结,活血止痛,止血生肌改善血液循环,促进新陈代谢,全面调理、提高人体机能,对风湿患者有显著的治疗作用,配合针灸同时施治则效果更佳。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及中药应用领域,特别涉及一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药。
(二)背景技术
针灸治疗风湿病的主要方法是通过:泻法、补法、清法和温法,风湿病患者通过上述四种针灸疗法,在一定程度上大大缓解了风湿疼痛,但是单纯针灸治疗风湿效果并不是很明显,必须配合药物同时施治才是最理想的治疗方法,亦能确保治疗效果的持续性。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种制备简单、疗效显著的一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药,由以下重量份数的原料制成:
连翘3-15g、党参3-12g、蜂房5-15g、归尾3-15g、桃仁3-15g、红花3-9g、赤芍3-7g、乳香3-9g、羌活3-9g、防风3-12g、麻黄3-9g、桂枝3-7g、川乌3-9g、草乌3-11g、知母3-10g、薏苡仁5-15g、棉萆薢3-11g、忍冬藤3-9g、金银花5-15g、陈皮5-15g、芥子3-11g、白芍3-10g、熟地黄3-15g、淫羊藿5-15g、鹿茸3-9g、全蝎3-9g、蜈蚣3-9g、地龙3-9g、蕲蛇5-9g、乌梢蛇5-9g、木瓜5-15g、茯苓5-10g、黄柏5-13g、防己3-9g、山茱萸5-11g、女贞子3-9g。
其优选的各原料的重量配比为:
连翘3g、党参3g、蜂房5g、归尾3g、桃仁3g、红花3g、赤芍3g、乳香3g、羌活3g、防风3g、麻黄3g、桂枝3g、川乌3g、草乌3g、知母3g、薏苡仁5g、棉萆薢3g、忍冬藤3g、金银花5g、陈皮5g、芥子3g、白芍3g、熟地黄3g、淫羊藿5g、鹿茸3g、全蝎3g、蜈蚣3g、地龙3g、蕲蛇5g、乌梢蛇5g、木瓜5g、茯苓5g、黄柏5g、防己3g、山茱萸5g、女贞子3g。
本发明所述中药为膏剂或丸剂,将各种原料清洗干净后,以常规方式制成膏剂,定时定量涂抹。
各原料的药用性能如下所示:
连翘:性微寒,味苦。归肺经、心经、小肠经。清热解毒、消肿散结。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。用治痈疽、瘰疬、乳痈、丹毒、风热感冒、温病初起、温热入营、高热烦渴、神昏发斑、热淋尿闭。抗微生物;抑制磷酸二酯酶、脂氧酶作用;镇吐;抗肝损伤;抗炎;抑制弹性蛋白酶活性;降低自发性高血压等。含木脂素类、黄酮类、挥发性成分、苯乙烷类、乙基环己醇类、三萜类及香豆素类等化合物。还有桦木酸、连翘苷、牛蒡子苷、罗汉松脂苷、松脂素、连翘醇苷C、连翘醇苷D等。
党参:性平,味甘。归脾经、肺经。补中益气、健脾益肺。属补虚药下属分类的补气药。生津、养血宜生用;补脾益肺宜炙用。用治脾肺虚弱、气短心悸、食少便溏、虚喘咳嗽、内热消渴。增强机体应激能力、免疫功能,延缓衰老,抗溃疡,能使离体豚鼠和兔肠紧张性升高,收缩加强,并能拮抗5-羟色胺引起的肠挛缩,但对乙酰胆碱引起的无明显作用;能显著减少小鼠自发活动,延长戊巴比妥钠或环己巴比妥的睡眠时间;能增进或改善小鼠记忆的获得、记忆巩固和樟柳碱引起的记忆获得障碍;可使家兔红细胞数及血红蛋白量增加,白细胞总数减少。还有抗肿瘤、升高血糖和抑菌作用等。水煎液灌胃,使小鼠对钴-γ射线有一定保护作用。多糖对实验动物应激性溃疡等多种溃疡均有明显的对抗作用。党参注射液有抗心肌缺血、缺氧作用。含挥发油、黄芩素葡萄糖苷、微量生物碱、氨基酸、多糖及皂苷,并含有丁香苷、正己基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、蒲公英赛醇、无羁萜等成分。
蜂房:性平,味甘。归胃经。祛风、攻毒、杀虫、止痛。属杀虫止痒药。用治龋齿牙痛、疮疡肿毒、乳痈、瘰疬、皮肤顽癣、鹅掌风。主含蜂蜡、树脂,尚含多种氨基酸、挥发油和钙.铁等多种无机元素。实验表明,本品水提液具有抗炎、补肾壮阳、促进血液凝固和扩张血管作用。此外还有降压和利尿作用。
归尾:归尾治中风不省人事、口吐白沫、产后风瘫。有抗缺氧作用;归尾有调节机体免疫功能、具有抗癌作用;归尾有护肤美容作用;归尾有补血活血作用;归尾有抑菌、抗动脉硬化作用。
现代研究发现,归尾含有大量的挥发油、维生素、有机酸等多种有机成分及微量元素,实验研究表明,归尾能扩张外周血管,降低血管阻力,增加循环血液量等。人体内的酪氨酸酶能产生导致雀斑、黑斑、老人斑的黑色素,其活性越高,则老年斑的出现愈早,而且数量也越多。近年来,医学家对中国唐代孙思邈著的《千金翼方》中抗老消斑、美容健肤的“妇人面药”进行了科学验证,从中筛选出使用频率最高的药物,结果表明,归尾的水溶液抑制酪氨酸酶活性的功能很强,因而能抑制黑色素的形成,对治疗黄褐斑、雀斑等色素性皮肤病收效良好,具有抗衰老和美容作用,有助于使人青春常驻。将归尾添加到美容霜、祛斑霜中,以及胶囊雪菲中以求得营养皮肤,防止皮肤粗糙,防治粉刺、黄褐斑、雀斑等作用,经观察无任何副作用。当归还能促进头发生长,用当归制成的护发素、洗发膏,能使头发柔软发亮,易于梳理。
归尾挥发油和阿魏酸能抑制子宫平滑肌收缩,而其水醇溶性非挥发性物质,则能使子宫平滑肌兴奋。归尾对子宫的作用取决于子宫的功能状态而呈双相调节作用。正丁烯内酯能对抗组胺-乙酰胆碱喷雾所致豚鼠实验性哮喘。归尾有抗血小板凝集和抗血栓作用,并能促进血红蛋白及红细胞的生成;有抗心肌缺血和扩张血管作用,并证明阿魏酸能改善外周循环;归尾对实验性四氯化碳引起的肝损伤有保护作用,并能促进肝细胞再生和恢复肝脏某些功能的作用。此外,还有镇静、镇痛、抗炎、抗缺氧、抗辐射损伤及抑制某些肿瘤株生长和体外抗菌作用等。
桃仁:性平,味苦、甘。归心经、肝经、大肠经。活血祛痰、润肠通便。属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血调经药。用治经闭、痛经、痞块、跌扑损伤、肠燥便秘。毒性试验发现本品无毒性。具有抗凝血、抗直栓、改善血流、抗炎、镇痛和抗过敏等作用。并能止咳、平喘,对肺结核有一定疗效。还有驱虫作用,含苦杏仁苷、野樱桃苷、2,4-次甲基珂阿尔廷醇、多花蔷薇苷、尿囊素、维生素B1、苦杏仁酶、脂肪油、脂肪酸、蛋白质等。另含24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇、柠檬甾二烯醇、7-去氢燕麦固醇等成分。
红花:性温,味辛。归心经、肝经。活血通经、散瘀止痛。属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血调经药。用治经闭、痛经、恶露不行、癥瘕痞块、跌扑损伤、疮疡肿痛等。具有轻度兴奋心脏、降低冠脉阻力、增加冠脉流量和心肌营养性血流量的作用;抗心肌缺血、心肌梗死、心律失常;改善外周微循环障碍;抗凝血;降血脂;提高耐缺氧能力;兴奋子宫;缓解肠道痉挛;具有免疫活性和抗炎作用;能减轻脑组织中单胺类神经介质的代谢紊乱;可致突变。动物实验表明,水煎剂小用量对心脏有兴奋作用,大用量有抑制作用;对血管有明显的直接收缩作用;红花黄色素能明显延长小鼠左肺缺氧环境的生存时间;对ADP引起的血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用;有镇痛作用。含红花苷、新红花苷、前红花苷、红花醌苷、二十九烷、β-谷甾醇及二棕榈酸、甘油酯、油酸、亚油酸、绿原酸等13种成分。另有报道,尚含有红花黄色素。
赤芍:性微寒,味苦。归肝经、脾经。清热凉血、散瘀止痛。属清热药下属分类的清热凉血药。用治温毒发斑、吐血衄血、目养肿痛、肝郁胁痛、经闭痛经、癥瘕腹痛、跌扑损伤、痈肿疮疡。抗血栓;抗血小板聚集;降血脂、抗动脉硬化;小剂量轻度抑制心脏,大剂量明显抑制心脏,并有传导阻滞作用,使冠脉流量增加及减少外周阻力;治疗和预防心脏功能降低。抗肿瘤;具有保肝、清除氧自由基、解除肠痉挛、抑菌等作用。有排钠作用。提取物在体外对肾上腺素、ADP、烙铁头蛇毒和花生烯酸诱导的血小板聚集均有明显抑制作用。水煎剂在体外对伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌等有较强抑制作用。正丁醇提取物腹腔注射对小鼠S-180实体瘤有抑制作用。因本品含苯甲酸及酚类,可配合其他中草药作为化妆品的防腐剂。含芍药苷、新芍药苷、赤芍甲素、赤芍乙素及棕榈酸、二氢芹菜素、丹皮酚原苷、赤芍素、β-谷固醇、樟脑烃、香草酸、香荚兰酸等。
乳香:性温,味辛、苦。归心经、脾经、肝经。调气活血、定痛、消肿、生肌。属活血化瘀药下分类的活血止痛药。用治气血瘀滞、心腹疼痛、痈疮肿毒、跌打损伤、风湿痹痛、痛经、产后瘀血刺痛。临床还用于治疗急性阑尾炎。挥发油为乳香镇痛的有效成分,主要为具镇痛作用的乙酸正辛酯,占挥发油总量的92.46%。以蒎烯作指标成分,可将索马里乳香与埃塞俄比亚乳香及苏丹乳香鉴别开。含树脂60%~70%、树胶27%~35%、挥发油3%~8%。树脂主要成分为游离a,B-乳香脂酸、结合乳香脂酸、蒎烯、二戊烯、α,3-水芹烯等成分。
羌活:性温,味辛、苦。归膀胱经、肾经。解表散寒,祛风除湿,止痛。属解表药下属分类的辛温解表药。用治风寒感冒,头痛项强,风湿痹痛,肩背酸痛。具有解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗过敏、抗心肌缺血、抗心律失常、抗血栓形成、抗癫痫、抗氧化、抗菌、延长睡眠时间、抑癌等作用:羌活根茎含香豆精类化合物、酚性化合物、挥发油(约2.7%)、脂肪酸类、氨基酸类、糖类,羌活还含苯乙基阿魏酸酯。宽叶羌活的地下部分含香豆精类化合物、酚性化合物,还含β-谷甾醇葡萄糖甙及挥发油。另含羌活醇、异欧前胡素、异欧前胡内酯、紫花前胡苷元、匙叶桉油烯醇、绿原酸、阿魏酸、佛手柑内酯等成分。
防风:性温,味甘、辛。归膀胱经、肝经、脾经,发表、祛风、除湿。属解表药下分类辛温解表药。内服治疗感冒、头痛、发热、无汗、风湿痹痛、四肢拘挛、皮肤风湿瘙痒、破伤风等症。解热、降温;镇痛、镇静和抗惊厥;抗菌;抗炎;增强免疫***功能;抑制离体十二指肠、离体气管和回肠平滑肌收缩;抗组胺;抗凝。防风煎剂或醇浸剂,给兔灌胃或给大鼠腹腔注射,有解热作用;给小鼠灌胃或腹腔及皮下注射防风煎剂及醇浸剂,有镇痛作用;肌注正丁醇提取物,可降低大鼠血液黏度;防风煎剂、醇浸剂灌服或腹腔给药,对大鼠、小鼠具抗炎免疫作用。防风煎剂具抗菌、抗病毒作用。
麻黄:性温,味辛、微苦。归肺经、膀胱经。发汗散寒、宣肺平喘、利水消肿。属解表药下属分类的辛温解表药。用量2~9克,水煎服,或入丸散。用治风寒感冒、胸闷喘咳、风水浮肿、支气管哮喘。多用治表症已解、气喘咳嗽。对心血管***,具有拟肾上腺能神经作用,升血压作用可产生快速的耐受性;对呼吸***有平喘、镇咳、祛痰作用;可使汗腺分泌增加;具有明显的利尿作用;具有抗***反应作用及一定的抗炎作用;具有解热作用及不同程度的抗病原微生物作用;可兴奋中枢,影响神经肌肉的传递。有利胆作用,可降低血尿素氮和升高血清胆固醇。可兴奋虹膜辐射肌而使瞳孔扩大;还可以兴奋离体子宫,而对正常妇女则可减少子宫的活动。麻黄碱对胃肠道分泌通常表现抑制。可引起血糖升高,但作用弱而不恒定。能抗过敏,对流感病毒有抑制作用;麻黄油乳剂有镇痛作用及引起肌肉瘫痪现象,对蟾蜍心脏有抑制作用;麻黄定碱能降低血压。含多种生物碱及挥发性盐基苄基甲胺等。其中以麻黄碱为主要有效成分,占总生物碱量的40%~90%,另含大量微量元素、左旋麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、左旋去甲基麻黄碱、麻黄恶唑酮等成分。
桂枝:味辛、甘,性温。归膀胱经,心经,肺经。发表解肌、温经通脉、助阳化气、平冲降气,属辛温解表药。用治风寒感冒、脘腹冷痛、血寒经闭、关节痹痛、痰饮、水肿、心悸、奔豚。具有一定的抗菌、抗病毒作用;对中枢***,具有解热镇痛、镇静及抗惊厥的作用;具有明显的抗炎的作用;能使心肌营养性血流量增加,还具有抗过敏、抗凝血等作用。含挥发油。油中主要成分是桂皮醛。另含苯甲酸苄酯、乙酸肉桂酯、β-荜澄茄烯、菖蒲烯、香豆精等成分。川乌:性热,味辛、苦,有大毒。归心经、肝经、肾经、脾经。祛风除湿,温经止痛。属祛风湿药下属分类的祛风湿散寒药。用于风寒湿痹,关节疼痛,心腹冷痛,寒疝作痛及麻醉止痛。抗炎镇痛;降血糖;抗癌;强心;局部麻醉等。块根(母根)含乌头碱,次乌头碱,中乌头碱,新乌头碱,北草乌碱,川乌碱甲,异塔拉定、塔拉胺,消旋去甲基衡州乌药碱,尿嘧啶,乌头多糖。
草乌:性热,味辛、苦,有大毒。归心经、肝经、肾经、脾经。祛风、除湿、散寒、止痛。属祛风湿药下分类的祛风湿散寒药。内服治疗风寒湿痹、肢体关节冷痛、心腹冷痛;外用研末涂敷患处或煎水洗,治疗痈疽疥癣。注意:生品内服宜慎,一般炮制后用。反半夏、栝楼、白蔹、白及、川贝母、浙贝母;畏犀角。有抗炎镇痛作用;能增强肾上腺素对心肌的作用,对抗氯化钙所致T波倒置,对抗垂体后叶素所致初期的S-T段上升和继之发生的S-T段下降;还有增强毒毛花苷G对心肌的毒性、抗组胺、局部麻醉等作用。
知母:性寒,味苦、甘。归肺经、胃经、肾经。清热泻火、生津润燥。属清热药下属分类的清热泻火药。用治外感热病、高热烦渴、肺热燥咳、骨蒸潮热、内热消渴、肠燥便秘。药理研究认为,有解热、镇痛、消炎和利尿作用;抑制Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性;调节肾上腺素能和胆碱能神经***;能延缓肝细胞对皮质醇的分解代谢;降低血糖;可抗血小板聚集;抗病原微生物;能延长环己巴比妥引起的睡眠时间;具有利胆、免疫抑制等作用。本品含芒果苷、知母皂苷A-I、知母皂苷A-II、知母皂苷A-III、知母皂苷A-IV、知母皂苷B-I、知母皂苷B-II,知母多糖A、知母多糖B、知母多糖C、知母多糖D、扁柏树脂酚、β-谷固醇、知母双糖等。尚含胆碱、烟酸、泛酸以及芒果苷。
薏苡仁:性凉,味甘、淡。归脾经、胃经、肺经。健脾利湿、除痹止泻、清热排脓。属利水渗湿药下属分类的利尿通淋药。用治水湿停蓄之水肿、小便不利、淋浊、脚气浮肿、脾虚泄泻、湿痹筋脉拘挛、屈伸不利或痿弱无力、肺痈、咳吐脓痰、肠痈等。抑制骨骼肌收缩;小剂量兴奋呼吸中枢,大剂量抑制呼吸中枢;降血糖;促***;抑制胰蛋白酶等。目前普遍认为薏苡中一定配比的饱和脂肪酸在抗癌方面起主要作用。药理实验还证明,本品有抑制骨骼肌收缩、解热、镇痛、抗炎、抗肿瘤和增强免疫功能等作用;还能轻度降低血糖。本品含薏苡仁酯、棕榈酸、亚油酸、薏苡多糖A、薏苡多糖B、薏苡多糖C等成分。
棉萆薢:性平,味苦。归肾经、胃经。利湿浊、祛风通痹。属利水渗湿药下属分类的利尿通淋药。用治风湿顽痹、腰膝疼痛、筋脉屈伸不利;膏淋、热淋、石淋、小便不利;脾胃湿热下注之尿浊;湿热下注所致带下、遗精等。具有抗菌、杀虫、降血糖、抑制肿瘤细胞等作用。药理研究表明,本品对动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成有抑制作用,可降低动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生率。用其复方治疗慢性***炎及皮肤病灭疱疮有显著疗效。含薯蓣皂苷、纤细薯蓣皂苷、雅姆皂苷元、原薯蓣皂苷、原纤细薯蓣皂苷、Δ3,5-去氧替告皂苷元和甲基纤细薯蓣皂苷等成分。皂苷水解后,主要得薯蓣皂苷元。
忍冬藤:性寒,味甘。归肺经、胃经。清热解毒、疏风通络。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。用治温病发热、热毒血痢、痈肿疮疡、风湿热痹、关节红肿热痛。茎藤含绿原酸(chlorogenic acid),异绿原酸(isochlorogenic acid)。地上部分含马钱子甙(loganin),断马钱子甙二甲基缩醛(secologanin dimethylacetal),断马钱子甙半缩醛内酯(vogeloside),表断马钱子甙半缩醛内酯(epi-vogeloside),常春藤皂甙元-3-O-&alpha;-L-吡喃***糖甙(hederagenin-3-O-&alpha;-L-arbinopyranoside),常春藤皂甙元-3-O-&beta;-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1&rarr;2)-&alpha;-L-吡喃***糖甙[hederagenin-3-O-&beta;-D-glucopyranosyl(1&rarr;2)-&alpha;-L-arabinopyranoside],常春藤皂甙元-3-O-&alpha;-L-吡喃***糖基-28-O-&beta;-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1&rarr;6)-&beta;-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙[hederagenin-3-O-&alpha;-L-arabinopyranosyl-28-O-&beta;-D-glucopyranosyl(1&rarr;6)-&beta;-D-glucopyranoside]。
金银花:性寒,味甘。归肺经、心经、胃经。清热解毒、凉散风热。属清热药下属分类的清热解毒药。用治痈肿疔疮、喉痹、丹毒、热毒血痢、风热感冒、温病发热。现临床上多制成各种制剂,用于治疗咽喉炎症、肺结核并发呼吸道感染、肺炎和细菌性痢疾、外科化脓性感染、子***以及眼科急性炎症。具有抗病原微生物、抗毒、抗炎、解热、促进炎细胞吞噬功能、降血脂、中枢兴奋、抗生育、预防胃溃疡、兴奋子宫作用。含木樨草素、肌醇1%及挥发油、萜类等化学成分。其中有绿原酸、异绿原酸、白果醇、β-谷固醇、豆固醇、豆固醇-D-葡萄糖苷等成分。
陈皮:味辛、味苦,性温。归脾经、肺经。理气开胃,燥湿化痰,治脾胃病。属理气药。用治胸脘胀满、食少呕吐、咳嗽痰多。调整消化***;兴奋心脏,使心肌收缩力增强,剂量过大可抑制心率,又可使冠脉流量增加;对高脂饮食引起的动脉硬化有一定的预防作用;平喘祛痰;使肾血管收缩,使尿量减少;抑制离体子宫,高浓度可松弛子宫;增强免疫功能;抗炎;缩短出血及凝血时间;能促进唾液、胃液等消化液分泌和消除肠内积气,含挥发油、橙皮苷、正癸醛、柠檬醛、柠檬烯、辛醇等成分。
芥子:性温,味辛。归肺经。温肺豁痰利气、散结通络止痛。属化痰止咳平喘药下分类的温化寒痰药。治疗寒痰喘咳、胸胁胀痛、痰滞经络、关节麻木疼痛、痰温流注、阴疽肿毒。外用适量,研末调敷。肺虚咳嗽及阴虚火旺者忌服。治感寒无汗:水调芥子未填脐内,以热隔衣熨之,取汗出妙。黑芥子苷本身无刺激作用,但遇水后经芥子酶的作用生成挥发油,主要成分为异硫氰酸烯丙酯,有刺鼻辛辣味及刺激作用,应用于皮肤,有温暖的感觉并使之发红,甚至引起水泡、脓疱。通常将芥子粉除去脂肪油后做成芥子硬膏使用,用作刺激剂,治疗神经痛、风湿痛、胸膜炎及扭伤等。毒性:芥子油或芥子硬膏用于皮肤,如果时间过长或浓度过高,可引起发泡甚至化脓,芥子汕对粘膜刺激性很强,15%溶液滴入兔眼很快引起明显的结膜水肿;小量芥子内服作调味剂,大量引起呕吐,更大量则引起强烈的胃肠道刺激。含黑芥子苷、芥子酶、芥子酸、芥子碱、葡萄糖芜菁芥素、葡萄糖芸苔素、芥酸、新葡萄糖芸苔素等成分。
白芍:性微寒,味苦、酸。归肝经、脾经。平肝止痛、养血调经、敛阴止汗。属补虚药下属分类的补血药。用治头痛眩晕、胸胁疼痛、泻痢腹痛、自汗盗汗、阴虚发热、***、崩漏、带下等。应用HPLC研究表明,芍药根经去皮、水煮后苷类成分略有下降,但其中的有害成分苯甲酸则明显降低。有解痉、镇痛、抗炎、抗心肌缺血等药理作用。白芍应用较广泛,有的学者认为许多作用类似“人参”。野生品种与栽培品种作用相似。对中枢有抑制作用,可解热降温,镇静催眠;具有解痉、抗炎、抗溃、增强细胞免疫和体液免疫、扩张血管,增加血流量、耐缺氧、降血压、抑制血小板凝集、抗菌、保肝、抗诱变抗肿瘤、抑制肥大细胞组织胺释放、神经接头去极化等作用;本品含芍药苷、羟基芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、氧化芍药苷、白芍苷、常春藤皂苷元、芍药苷元酮、没食子酰芍药苷、山柰酚-3,7-二-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、胡萝卜苷、β-谷固醇、芍药乳糖酮等,挥发油中主要含苯甲酸、牡丹酚等。
熟地黄:性微温,味甘。归肝经、肾经。补血滋阴,益精填髓。属补虚药下分类的补血药。用于血虚萎黄,心悸怔忡,***,崩漏下血,肝肾阴虚,腰膝酸软,骨蒸潮热,盗汗遗精,内热消渴,眩晕,耳鸣,须发早白。关于熟地黄和生地黄对血管内血栓形成综合征作用的药效比较表明:中国产的猪胆状的粗熟地能够强烈抑制肝脏出血性坏死灶及单纯性坏死。而熟地抗凝血酶的作用较弱。应用纤维蛋白平板法通过纤维蛋白溶酶原激活作用探讨对纤溶***的活化作用,发现熟地具有活化作用,而生地无此作用。亦有报告认为,地黄炒炭前后均有止血作用,且地黄制炭后止血作用并未增强。对生地黄、熟地黄、生地炭、熟地炭的水煎液止血效果进行分析,结果无显著性差异。各种熟地黄的水及醇提取物较生、干地黄多,但各种方法炮制的熟地黄,水或醇提取物相差不大。干地黄中的特有的环烯醚萜及环烯醚萜甙,而熟地中几乎没有。熟地黄中含葡萄糖8.57%,较鲜地黄中含量(1.56%)为高,提示熟地经炮制后,部分多糖转化为单糖。在干地黄和熟地黄的炮制过程中,甙类成分亦有不同程度的分解,其中以单糖甙分解最多,其次是双糖甙,而三糖甙的地黄宁甙D(Rehmannioside D)几乎不分解,熟地黄除梓醇(Catalpol)分解不及干地黄外,两者的差异不明显。
淫羊藿:性温,味辛、甘。归肝经、肾经。补肾阳、强筋骨、祛风湿。属补虚药下属分类的补阳药。用治阳痿遗精、筋骨痿软、风湿痹痛、麻木拘挛;更年期高血压。对下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能具有调节作用;调节机体免疫功能;对阳虚动物模型具有“助阳”的作用,可增加冠脉血流量,降低血压等;延缓衰老,有较强的抗HSV II作用。动物实验表明,有广泛的激素样作用,有促进性腺功能;水提液可抗衰老与促进物质代谢;淫羊藿多糖和总黄酮有免疫调节功能;煎剂有强心、降压和增加冠脉流量的作用。含淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿次苷I、箭藿苷A、箭藿苷B、箭藿苷C等。
鹿茸:性温,味甘、咸。归肾经、肝经。壮肾阳,益精血,强筋骨,调冲任,托疮毒。属补虚药下分类的补阳药。用治阳痿滑精,宫冷***,赢瘦,神疲,畏寒,眩晕耳鸣耳聋,腰脊冷痛,筋骨痿软,崩漏带下,阴疽不敛。酸水解液含色氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸等17种氨基酸。另含腐胺、精脒、精胺、牛磺酸、次黄嘌呤、尿嘧啶、脲、肌酸酐、尿苷、烟酸等含氮化合物以及胆固醇、胆甾-5-烯-3&beta;-醇-7-酮、胆甾-5-烯-3&beta;,7&alpha;-二醇、胆甾-5-烯.3&beta;,7&beta;-二醇、***、***等甾体化合物。鹿茸提取物具有强壮作用、保肝、抗衰老、抗氧化、增加免疫功能、抗炎、增强性腺功能等作用。
全蝎:性平,味辛,有毒。归肝经。息风镇痉、攻毒散结、通络止痛。属平肝息风药下属分类的息风止痉药。用于小儿惊风、抽搐痉挛、中风口歪、半身不遂、破伤风、风湿顽痹、偏正头痛、疮疡、瘰疬。含全蝎毒素,为一种含碳、氢、氧、氮及硫等元素的毒性蛋白,与蛇的神经毒类似。此外,尚含三甲胺、甜菜碱、牛磺酸、胆甾醇、卵磷脂等。本品具有一定的抗惊厥作用;全蝎制剂给狗灌胃、肌注及静注,均有显著、持久的降压作用;全蝎煎剂或其提取物的降压作用,较其浸剂作用持久。用蝎毒素作用于蛙、豚鼠、家兔等动物,均可产生中毒现象。
蜈蚣:性温,味辛。归肝经。息风镇痉、攻毒散结、通络止痛。属平肝息风药下属分类的息风止痉药。用治小儿惊风、抽搐痉挛、中风口歪、半身不遂、破伤风、风湿顽痹、疮疡、瘰疬、毒蛇咬伤。含有2种类似蜂毒的成分,即组织胺样物质及溶血蛋白质,还含有胆甾醇、脂肪酸、蛋白质和多种氨基酸。实验表明,本品提取物对戊四氮、纯烟碱及硝酸***碱引起的惊厥均有不同程度的对抗作用;对多种皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,对结核杆菌有抑制和杀灭的功能;还具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、镇痛、抗衰老和增加心肌收缩力的功能。
地龙:性寒,味咸。归肝经、脾经、膀胱经。清热定惊、通络、平喘、利尿。属平肝息风药下属分类的息风止痉药。用治高热神昏、惊痫抽搐、关节痹痛、肢体麻木、半身不遂、肺热咳嗽、尿少水肿、高血压。含次黄嘌呤、蚯蚓解热碱、蚯蚓素及多种氨基酸,尚含琥珀酸。其提取物对多数动物有缓慢持久的降压作用;浸剂对豚鼠实验性哮喘有平喘作用;对离体蛙心,适量可使心跳增强;动物实验尚有解热、镇静、抗惊厥作用;次黄嘌呤为降压成分,并有抗组织胺及舒张气管作用。
蕲蛇:甘、咸,温;有毒。归肝经。祛风,通络,止痉。用于风湿顽痹,麻木拘挛,中风口眼涡斜,半身不遂,抽搐痉挛,破伤风症,麻风疥癣。内服:3~9g,水煎服;研末吞服1~1.5g。
乌梢蛇:性平,味甘。归肝经。祛风、通络、止痉。属祛风湿药下属分类的祛风湿强筋骨药。用治风湿顽痹、麻木拘挛、中风口眼歪斜、半身不遂、抽搐痉挛、破伤风、麻风疥癣、瘰疬恶疮。含17种氨基酸、脂肪酸和多种微量元素,鲜肉含蛇肌果糖、蛇肌醛缩酶等。实验表明,乌梢蛇水煎和醇提取物具有抗炎、镇痛、抗惊厥等作用。
木瓜:性温,味酸。归肝经、脾经。平肝舒筋、和胃化湿。属祛风湿药下属分类的祛风湿强筋骨药。用治湿痹拘挛、腰膝关节酸肿疼痛、吐泻转筋、脚气水肿。用木瓜片5片/次,3次/日治疗急性细菌性痢疾。木瓜冲剂治急性病毒性肝炎;木瓜胶***治出血性休克,又可治风湿性关节炎、脚癣等。保肝;抗菌;抑制肿瘤。木瓜冲剂对由四氯化碳引起的大鼠急性肝损害有保护作用。体外试验,对多种肠道菌、葡萄球菌等有不同程度的抑制作用。水浸液对小鼠艾氏腹水癌有明显抑制作用,其抗癌有效成分是有机酸。含苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、反丁烯二酸和皂苷;还含苹果酸钾盐及齐墩果酸、绿原受乙酯、咖啡酸、绿原酸、乌头酸、黄酮和鞣质等。
茯苓:性平,味甘、淡。归心经、肺经、脾经、肾经。利水渗湿、健脾宁心。属利水渗湿药下属分类的利水消肿药。用治水肿尿少、痰饮眩悸、脾虚食少、便溏泄泻、心神不安、惊悸失眠。可预防胃溃疡,对肝损伤有防治作用;有抗癌作用;且能加快心率。药理实验表明,具有利尿、抗菌作用,能提高机体的免疫能力。此外,还有降低血糖、降低胃酸、增强离体心脏心缩等作用。含三萜羧酸,有茯苓酸、土莫酸、齿孑L菌、松苓酸、松苓新酸等,还含有多聚糖,主要为茯苓聚糖,含量最高可达75%,经结构改造后可得到具有较强抗肿瘤活性的茯苓次聚糖。此外,尚含有组氨酸、腺嘌呤、胆碱、β-茯苓聚糖酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酸、脂肪、卵磷脂、麦角甾醇、茯苓素、茯苓新酸、3-氢化松苓酸、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇、7,9(11)去氢茯苓酸等。
黄柏:性寒,味苦。归肾经、膀胱经。清热燥湿、泻火除蒸、解毒疗疮。属清热药下属分类的清热燥湿药。用治湿热泻痢、黄疸、带下、热淋、骨蒸劳热、盗汗、遗精;疮疡肿毒、湿疹瘙痒。具有抗病原微生物及病原虫的作用;具有一定的解热和抗炎作用;有降低血压、兴奋心脏的作用,具有明显抗心律失常作用;影响消化***功能及抑制中枢神经***,还有抗血小板凝聚作用,有降低血糖、镇痛、祛痰等作用。药理实验表明,对胰腺分泌有促进作用。含小檗碱,并含木兰碱、黄柏碱等多种生物碱以及内酯、甾醇、黏液质、黄酮类、生物碱、挥发油、固醇、糖类等化学成分。其中有盐酸小檗碱、黄柏苷、豆固醇、黄柏酮等成分。
防己:性寒,味苦。归膀胱经、肺经。利水消肿、祛风止痛。属祛风湿药下分类的祛风湿清热药。用治水肿、小便不利、风湿痹痛、下肢湿热、疥癣疮肿等。有镇痛、抗炎、抗过敏、松弛横纹肌等药理作用,对心血管***有降压、抗心肌正性肌力、抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、抗心室肥厚等作用。含多种生物碱,其中主要为粉防己碱、去甲基粉防己碱、较环藤酚碱、氧化防己碱、防己诺林碱等。可应用比色法及薄层色谱法进行总生物碱及粉防己碱、去甲基粉防己碱的含量测定。
山茱萸:性微温,味酸、涩。归肝经、肾经。补益肝肾,收涩固脱。属收涩药下属分类的固精缩尿止带药。用于眩晕耳呜,腰膝酸痛,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,崩漏带下,大汗虚脱,内热消渴。增强免疫***功能;抗炎;抗失血性休克;降血糖;抑制血小板聚集;改善心功能及血流动力学;抗菌;利尿等。果肉含鞣质成分、马钱苷、当药苷、糖甙成分、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、熊果酸、没食子酸、苹果酸、酒石酸及维生素A等,还含挥发油。果肉及核中均含苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸(glycine),丙氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸等14种氨基酸,核中还另有蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、胱氨酸。
女贞子:性凉,味甘、苦。归肝经、肾经。滋补肝肾、明目乌发。属补虚药分类下的补阴药。用治肝肾阴虚而致耳鸣、耳聋、头晕、腰膝酸软、须发早白等。本品有升高外周白细胞、增强网状内皮***吞噬能力、增强细胞免疫和体液免疫的作用;对化疗或放疗所致的白细胞减少有升高作用;有强心、利尿及保肝作用;并有止咳、抗炎、促进免疫功能、抑制***反应、预防动脉粥样硬化、降血糖、抗诱变和抗血卟啉微生物光氧化、缓泻、抗菌、抗癌等作用。主要活性成分为三萜类化合物,主要有齐墩果酸、乙酰齐墩果酸、β-谷固醇、乙酰熊果酸、槲皮素、洋丁香酚苷、女贞苷、新女贞子苷等成分。
本发明以消炎镇痛,活血化瘀为治则,多种药材组合协同,主要用于清热解毒,消肿散结,活血止痛,止血生肌改善血液循环,促进新陈代谢,全面调理、提高人体机能,对风湿患者有显著的治疗作用,配合针灸同时施治则效果更佳。
(四)具体实施方式
实施例1:
取连翘11g、党参9g、蜂房11g、归尾11g、桃仁10g、红花6g、赤芍5g、乳香6g、羌活6g、防风10g、麻黄6g、桂枝5g、川乌6g、草乌9g、知母7g、薏苡仁11g、棉萆薢9g、忍冬藤6g、金银花11g、陈皮11g、芥子9g、白芍6g、熟地黄11g、淫羊藿11g、鹿茸6g、全蝎6g、蜈蚣6g、地龙6g、蕲蛇7g、乌梢蛇7g、木瓜11g、茯苓8g、黄柏10g、防己6g、山茱萸9g、女贞子6g,上述原料清洗干净,打粉混合,以常规方式制成中药膏剂。
用法用量:针灸后即可均匀涂至患处,以纱布缠绕固定,至下次针灸前清除即可。
实施例2:
连翘15g、党参12g、蜂房15g、归尾15g、桃仁15g、红花9g、赤芍7g、乳香9g、羌活9g、防风12g、麻黄9g、桂枝7g、川乌9g、草乌11g、知母10g、薏苡仁15g、棉萆薢11g、忍冬藤9g、金银花15g、陈皮15g、芥子11g、白芍10g、熟地黄15g、淫羊藿15g、鹿茸9g、全蝎9g、蜈蚣9g、地龙9g、蕲蛇9g、乌梢蛇9g、木瓜15g、茯苓10g、黄柏13g、防己9g、山茱萸11g、女贞子9g,上述原料清洗干净,打粉混合,以常规方式制成中药膏剂。
用法用量:针灸后即可均匀涂至患处,以纱布缠绕固定,至下次针灸前清除即可。
实施例3:
取连翘3g、党参3g、蜂房5g、归尾3g、桃仁3g、红花3g、赤芍3g、乳香3g、羌活3g、防风3g、麻黄3g、桂枝3g、川乌3g、草乌3g、知母3g、薏苡仁5g、棉萆薢3g、忍冬藤3g、金银花5g、陈皮5g、芥子3g、白芍3g、熟地黄3g、淫羊藿5g、鹿茸3g、全蝎3g、蜈蚣3g、地龙3g、蕲蛇5g、乌梢蛇5g、木瓜5g、茯苓5g、黄柏5g、防己3g、山茱萸5g、女贞子3g,上述原料清洗干净,打粉混合,以常规方式制成中药膏剂。
用法用量:针灸后即可均匀涂至患处,以纱布缠绕固定,至下次针灸前清除即可。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料制成:连翘3-15g、党参3-12g、蜂房5-15g、归尾3-15g、桃仁3-15g、红花3-9g、赤芍3-7g、乳香3-9g、羌活3-9g、防风3-12g、麻黄3-9g、桂枝3-7g、川乌3-9g、草乌3-11g、知母3-10g、薏苡仁5-15g、棉萆薢3-11g、忍冬藤3-9g、金银花5-15g、陈皮5-15g、芥子3-11g、白芍3-10g、熟地黄3-15g、羊藿5-15g、鹿茸3-9g、全蝎3-9g、蜈蚣3-9g、地龙3-9g、蕲蛇5-9g、乌梢蛇5-9g、木瓜5-15g、茯苓5-10g、黄柏5-13g、防己3-9g、山茱萸5-11g、女贞子3-9g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料制成:连翘3g、党参3g、蜂房5g、归尾3g、桃仁3g、红花3g、赤芍3g、乳香3g、羌活3g、防风3g、麻黄3g、桂枝3g、川乌3g、草乌3g、知母3g、薏苡仁5g、棉萆薢3g、忍冬藤3g、金银花5g、陈皮5g、芥子3g、白芍3g、熟地黄3g、淫羊藿5g、鹿茸3g、全蝎3g、蜈蚣3g、地龙3g、蕲蛇5g、乌梢蛇5g、木瓜5g、茯苓5g、黄柏5g、防己3g、山茱萸5g、女贞子3g。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种辅助针灸治疗风湿的中药,其特征在于:将上述原料清洗干净,打粉混合,以常规方式制成中药膏剂。
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CN103705894A (zh) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-09 | 李媛春 | 一种治疗风湿性关节炎的中药汤剂 |
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CN114469845B (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2024-04-19 | 头道汤科技有限公司 | 一种利用大胡蜂蜂针液的外用制剂及其制备方法 |
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