CN108134146B - Full-life charging method of tubular lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/448—End of discharge regulating measures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lead storage batteries; in particular to a full-life charging method of a tubular lead-acid storage battery, which comprises the following steps: when the battery is normally used, the composite pulse charging is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) charging by alternating variation of current I1, current I2 and standing period; (2) the constant voltage V1 is used for current limiting I1, current I3 and standing for periodic alternating charging; (3) constant current charging with current I4 until fully charged; secondly, when the battery is placed for a long time, maintenance charging is carried out regularly; and thirdly, during the normal use period of the battery, the battery is maintained and charged regularly. By adopting the method, the use frequency of the battery is improved by more than 40%, for users with batch forklifts, the work can be finished by reducing the number of 1/3 forklifts, the charging time of the battery can be shortened by more than 50%, the service life of the battery cannot be obviously shortened, the consistency of the battery is better when the service life of the battery is over, the method has low requirements on charging equipment, and the method can be realized by a common charger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lead storage batteries; in particular to a full-life charging method of a tubular lead-acid storage battery.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, environmental problems are highly concerned, and lead-acid storage batteries are pushed to the wave tip of an air opening due to high pollution. Meanwhile, with the support of the country to the new energy industry, the living space of the lead-acid storage battery is greatly extruded, the technology of the lead-acid storage battery needs to be improved urgently, the charging method is the bottleneck limiting the improvement, the difficulty is how to shorten the charging time without influencing the service life of the battery, and the method is also the direction for the research of battery production units. The tubular lead-acid storage battery is widely applied to the fields of electric forklifts, electric road vehicles and the like, the battery is charged and discharged almost every day in the fields, and the requirements of users on charging time and service life are more urgent, so that a set of charging method suitable for the whole service life of the tubular lead-acid storage battery is researched, the quick charging and the long service life can be realized, and the method is a target of battery manufacturers and a wish of the users.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above technical problems, the present invention aims to: the method for charging the whole service life of the tubular lead-acid storage battery is provided, the charging time of the battery can be shortened by more than 50%, the service life of the battery cannot be obviously shortened, and the consistency of the battery is better when the service life of the battery is over.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the full-life charging method of the tubular lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, when the battery is normally used, the composite pulse charging is adopted, and the method comprises three stages: the first stage is periodically and alternately changed by current I1, current I2 and standing; in the second stage, constant voltage V1 is used for current limiting I1, current I3 and standing for periodic alternating charging; the third stage is constant current charging with current I4 until fully charged;
secondly, when the battery is not used for a long time, the battery is maintained and charged regularly;
and thirdly, during the normal use period of the battery, the battery is maintained and charged regularly.
Wherein, the preferred scheme is as follows:
during the first-stage charging, the charging is carried out alternately by current I1, current I2 and standing periodically, the current I1 is charged by a current I2, and then a standing stage is carried out, wherein the charging is a cycle; when the current I1 is charged until the battery voltage reaches V1, the second stage is jumped to, wherein V1 is a gassing value of +/-0.2V, and the gassing value V1 is about 2.4V generally according to different products of each manufacturer.
When the first-stage charging is carried out in spring and autumn, the current I1 is (0.3-0.85) C (A), and the duration t1 is (120-500) s; during the first stage of charging in summer, the current I1 is (0.2-0.75) C (A), and the duration t1 is (60-400) s; during the first stage of charging in winter, the current I1 is (0.4-0.95) C (A), and the duration t1 is (180-600) s; the current I2 is 0.027 times the corresponding I1, the duration t2 is 0.33 times the corresponding t1, and the rest phase duration t3 is 0.15 times the corresponding t1, where C is the rated capacity of the battery, as a function of the season.
During the second stage charging, constant voltage V1 is used for current limiting I1, current I3 and standing periodically and alternately changing charging, one constant voltage V1 current limiting I1 is charged by one current I3, and then a standing stage is carried out, wherein the charging is a cycle; when the constant voltage charging current drops to I4, the third phase is skipped.
When the second-stage charging is carried out in spring and autumn, the constant-voltage V1 current-limiting I1 charging duration t4 is (120-500) s, when the second-stage charging is carried out in summer, the constant-voltage V1 current-limiting I1 charging duration t4 is (60-400) s, and when the second-stage charging is carried out in winter, the constant-voltage V1 current-limiting I1 duration t4 is (180-600) s; with seasonal variations, the current I3 is 0.013 times the corresponding current I1, the duration t5 is 0.33 times the corresponding duration t4, and the rest phase duration t6 is 0.15 times the corresponding duration t 4.
In the third stage of charging, constant current I4 is used for charging till the charging is completed, and the current I4 is (0.05-0.15) C (A), wherein C is the rated capacity of the battery.
And when the battery is kept for more than 30 days, maintaining and charging, wherein the charging method is to charge by adopting the current of (0.07-0.12) C (A) until the voltage and the electrolyte density are stable (2-3) h, wherein C is the rated capacity of the battery.
When the battery is charged by adopting the composite pulse for 50 cycles, the battery is maintained and charged for one time; the maintenance charging method comprises the following steps: in the first stage, the electric current (0.14-0.25) C (A) is used for charging until the voltage reaches (2.5 +/-0.1) V; in the second stage, the current (0.07-0.10) C (A) is used for charging until the current is 1.2 times of the last discharged electricity quantity; the third stage is standing for 1-2 h; the fourth stage is charged by the current of the second stage until violent bubbles are generated; and then repeating the third and fourth stages, wherein C is the rated capacity of the battery.
When the battery is in normal use, the composite pulse charging is adopted, according to the characteristic that the resistance of the positive plate of the tubular battery is higher, the charging current adopts a step-type descending mode, so that the disappearance of electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization is carried out in stages, the disappearance speed is equivalent to that of negative pulse, the generation of joule heat can be avoided, and the temperature of the battery cannot be continuously raised. The step-shaped disappearance of polarization is a more moderate but very effective depolarization mode, and can relieve the influence of the early-stage large-current charging on the polar plate, thereby ensuring the service life of the battery. In addition, different parameter settings are adopted according to seasonal changes, the method can shorten the charging time by more than 50 percent, the battery can be completely charged, the temperature rise and the water loss of the battery are equivalent to those of the conventional charging method, and the service life of the battery cannot be obviously shortened;
when the battery is stored for a long time, the battery is maintained and charged during the long-term storage, and the sulfation caused by self-discharge is prevented, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged; the battery is maintained and charged after the composite pulse charging is carried out for a period of time, so that the sulfation fault of the battery can be prevented, the imbalance of the battery pack is reduced, and the recovery of the lagging battery is particularly facilitated. Experiments prove that after the tubular battery is charged by the charging method, the use frequency of the battery is improved by over 40 percent, 1/3 forklifts can be reduced for users with batch forklifts, and the service life of the battery is not obviously reduced. In addition, the charging method has low requirement on charging equipment, can be realized by a common charger, and is convenient for popularization and application.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
based on the characteristics of the tubular lead-acid storage battery and the specific conditions of use of a user, the method for charging the tubular lead-acid storage battery in the full service life is obtained through a large number of tests under the guidance of the Mas theory. By adopting the set of charging method, the requirement on charging equipment is low, the charging can be realized by a common charger, the charging method is convenient to popularize and apply, the charging time can be shortened by more than 50% in normal use, the service life of the battery cannot be obviously shortened, and the consistency of the battery is better when the service life of the battery is over.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graphical illustration of the composite pulse charging process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the full-life charging method of the tubular lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, when the battery is normally used, the composite pulse charging is adopted, and the method comprises three stages:
the first stage is as follows: charging for 6min at current 75A, charging for 2min at current 2A, standing for 54s, wherein the cycle is one, the battery voltage reaches 2.40V when charging for 7 cycles, and turning to the second stage;
and a second stage: charging for 6min with constant voltage of 2.40V and current limit of 75A, charging for 2min with 1A, standing for 54s, which is a cycle, and when charging for the 8 th cycle, reducing the current to 7A, and turning to the third stage;
and a third stage: charging with constant current 7A until the charging and discharging amount is 1.2 times;
the whole composite pulse charging process takes 4h25min, the battery temperature is 23 ℃ when the discharging is finished and 31 ℃ when the first-stage charging is finished under the environment temperature of 18 ℃. After the charging is finished by adopting the method, the mixture is kept stand for 1h to carry out 80% DOD discharging, and the voltage at the end of the discharging is not obviously reduced compared with the voltage after the charging is finished by adopting the conventional method. The water loss of the battery after 10 times of circulation is not obviously increased compared with the water loss of the battery charged by a conventional method. The specific data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 12V, 100Ah Battery 80% DOD test
| Test items | Conventional charging method | The invention |
| Voltage at end of 80% DOD discharge | 1.902V | 1.902V |
| After 10 times of charging and discharging, 80% DOD voltage at the end of discharging | 1.902V | 1.900V |
| Total time of charging | 8h35min | 4h25min |
| Maximum temperature rise during charging | 6℃ | 7℃ |
| Water loss after 10 times of charging and discharging | 112ml | 116ml |
Secondly, when the battery is not used for a long time, the battery is maintained and charged regularly;
the forklift user is shut down for some reason and maintenance charging of the battery is performed every 1 month.
The method for maintaining the charging comprises the following steps: the electrolyte is charged by 7A current, and the voltage and the specific gravity of the electrolyte are stable and unchanged when the electrolyte is charged for 8 hours. When the user reuses the forklift, the capacity of the battery is consistent with that before shutdown.
Thirdly, during the normal use period of the battery, the battery is maintained and charged regularly;
after the composite pulse charging is adopted for 50 cycles, the voltage of the battery at the end of 80% DOD discharging is 1.87V, and the battery is subjected to primary maintenance charging.
The maintenance charging method comprises the following steps: the first stage is charging with 14A current until the voltage reaches 2.40V; the second stage is charged with 7A current to 1.2 times of the last discharged electricity. Standing for 1h, charging with 7A current, stopping charging for 1h until generating violent bubbles, repeating the above steps for 5 times, stabilizing voltage and electrolyte density, and generating violent bubbles immediately when charging after intermittence.
After the maintenance charge, the voltage of the battery at the end of 80% DOD discharge is 1.902V.
Example 2:
(1) composite pulse charging
The first stage is as follows: charging with current 150A for 6min, charging with 4A for 2min, and standing for 54s, which is a cycle, and when charging for 7 cycles, the battery voltage reaches 2.40V, and then the second stage is carried out.
And a second stage: charging with constant voltage 2.40V current limit 150A for 6min, charging with 2A for 2min, standing for 54s, which is a cycle, and when charging for cycle 8, the current is reduced to 14A, and then turning to the third stage.
And a third stage: the charge is carried out at a constant current 14A until the charge is 1.2 times of the discharge capacity.
The whole charging process takes 4h23min, the battery temperature is 20 ℃ at the end of discharging and 27 ℃ at the end of the first-stage charging under the ambient temperature of 16 ℃. After the charging is finished by adopting the method, the mixture is kept stand for 1h to carry out 80% DOD discharging, and the voltage at the end of the discharging is not obviously reduced compared with the voltage after the charging is finished by adopting the conventional method. The water loss of the battery after 10 times of circulation is not obviously increased compared with the water loss of the battery charged by a conventional method. The specific data are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 22V, 200Ah Battery 80% DOD test
| Test items | Conventional charging method | The invention |
| Voltage at end of 80% DOD discharge | 1.900V | 1.900V |
| After 10 times of charging and discharging, 80% DOD voltage at the end of discharging | 1.900V | 1.895V |
| Total time of charging | 8h35min | 4h23min |
| Maximum temperature rise during charging | 6℃ | 7℃ |
| Water loss after 10 times of charging and discharging | 112ml | 110ml |
(2) Maintenance charging
The forklift user is shut down for some reason and maintenance charging of the battery is performed every 1 month.
The method for maintaining the charging comprises the following steps: the electrolyte is charged by 14A current, and the voltage and the electrolyte specific gravity are stable and unchanged when the electrolyte is charged for 8.5 h. When the user reuses the forklift, the capacity of the battery is consistent with that before shutdown.
(3) Maintenance charging
After the composite pulse charging is adopted for 50 cycles, the voltage of the battery at the end of 80% DOD discharging is 1.87V, and the battery is subjected to primary maintenance charging.
The maintenance charging method comprises the following steps: the first stage is charging with 28A current until the voltage reaches 2.40V; the second stage is charged with 14A current to 1.2 times of the last discharged charge. Standing for 1h, charging with 14A current, stopping charging for 1h until generating violent bubbles, repeating the above steps for 5 times, stabilizing voltage and electrolyte density, and generating violent bubbles immediately when charging after intermittence.
After the maintenance charge, the voltage of the battery at the end of 80% DOD discharge is 1.900V.
Claims (2)
1. A method for charging a tubular lead-acid battery over a full life, comprising:
firstly, when the battery is normally used, the composite pulse charging is adopted, and the method comprises three stages: the first stage is alternately changed and charged by current I1, current I2 and standing period; in the second stage, constant voltage V1 is used for current limiting I1, current I3 and standing for periodic alternating charging; the third stage is constant current charging with current I4 until fully charged;
secondly, when the battery is not used for a long time, the battery is maintained and charged regularly;
thirdly, during the normal use period of the battery, the battery is maintained and charged regularly;
during the first-stage charging, the charging is carried out alternately by current I1, current I2 and standing periodically, the current I1 is charged by a current I2, and then a standing stage is carried out, wherein the charging is a cycle; when the current I1 is charged until the battery voltage reaches V1, jumping to the second stage, wherein V1 is a gassing value +/-0.2V;
when the first-stage charging is carried out in spring and autumn, the current I1 is (0.3-0.85) C, and the duration t1 is (120-500) s; during the first stage of charging in summer, the current I1 is (0.2-0.75) C, and the duration t1 is (60-400) s; during the first stage of charging in winter, the current I1 is (0.4-0.95) C, and the duration t1 is (180-600) s; the current I2 is 0.027 times the corresponding I1, the duration t2 is 0.33 times the corresponding t1, and the duration t3 of the standing phase is 0.15 times the corresponding t1, where C is the rated capacity of the battery, as seasonal changes;
during the second stage charging, constant voltage V1 is used for current limiting I1, current I3 and standing periodically and alternately changing charging, one constant voltage V1 current limiting I1 is charged by one current I3, and then a standing stage is carried out, wherein the charging is a cycle; when the constant voltage charging current is reduced to I4, jumping to the third stage;
when the second-stage charging is carried out in spring and autumn, the constant-voltage V1 current-limiting I1 charging duration t4 is (120-500) s, when the second-stage charging is carried out in summer, the constant-voltage V1 current-limiting I1 charging duration t4 is (60-400) s, and when the second-stage charging is carried out in winter, the constant-voltage V1 current-limiting I1 duration t4 is (180-600) s; with seasonal variations, the current I3 is 0.013 times the corresponding current I1, the duration t5 is 0.33 times the corresponding duration t4, and the rest phase duration t6 is 0.15 times the corresponding duration t 4;
in the third stage of charging, constant current I4 is used for charging until the battery is fully charged, and the current I4 is (0.05-0.15) C, wherein C is the rated capacity of the battery;
when the battery is kept for more than 30 days, maintaining and charging, wherein the charging method is to charge by adopting (0.07-0.12) C current until the voltage and the electrolyte density are stable (2-3) h, wherein C is the rated capacity of the battery;
the maintenance charging method comprises the following steps: in the first stage, the current (0.14-0.25) C is used for charging until the voltage reaches (2.5 +/-0.1) V; in the second stage, the current (0.07-0.10) C is used for charging until the current is 1.2 times of the last discharged electricity quantity; the third stage is standing for 1-2 h; the fourth stage is charged by the current of the second stage until violent bubbles are generated; and then repeating the third and fourth stages, wherein C is the rated capacity of the battery.
2. The method for charging the tubular lead-acid storage battery in the full life according to claim 1, wherein the battery is subjected to maintenance charging once after the battery is charged for 50 cycles by adopting the composite pulse charging.
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| CN108879839A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-23 | 中国人民解放军63981部队 | A kind of battery monitors automatically and charging unit |
| CN111082175A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 艾诺斯（重庆）华达电源***有限公司 | Charging method of valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery for traction |
| WO2021189319A1 (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-09-30 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Charging method, electronic device, and storage medium |
| CN112014444B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-09-15 | 淄博火炬能源有限责任公司 | Method for detecting positive grid defect of rich liquid pipe type lead-acid storage battery |
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| CN1349274A (en) * | 2000-10-18 | 2002-05-15 | 北京嘉昌机电设备制造有限公司 | Comprehensive charge mode |
| CN101237071A (en) * | 2007-02-03 | 2008-08-06 | 江苏双登集团有限公司 | Charging method for valve sealing lead acid accumulator |
| US20080252258A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-10-16 | Chang Tzu-Fen | Charging Method for a Lead-acid Battery |
| CN103227351B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-05-13 | 杭州信控科技有限公司 | Pulse charging method used for prolonging VRLA battery service life |
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