CN108133507A - Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique - Google Patents
Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108133507A CN108133507A CN201711140432.2A CN201711140432A CN108133507A CN 108133507 A CN108133507 A CN 108133507A CN 201711140432 A CN201711140432 A CN 201711140432A CN 108133507 A CN108133507 A CN 108133507A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition methods based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique, are specifically implemented according to the following steps：Step 1, building roof and the three dimensional point cloud of surrounding enviroment where oblique photograph equipment acquisition tile carving are utilized；Step 2, the three dimensional point cloud of construction wall where acquiring tile carving using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment；Step 3, precise acquisition is carried out to tile carving three dimensional point cloud using hand-held 3 D laser scanning equipment；Step 4; the data that step 1 to step 3 acquires are handled; it obtains and the identical three-dimensional digital model of reality; it solves traditional mapping method in the prior art and lacks science, tight and accurate record; so that tile carving protects the problem of time-consuming, task amount is big and error is big, also solves the problems, such as the pattern deformation in traditional tile carving is surveyed and drawn substantially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to architectural mapping technical fields, and in particular to a kind of Linxia brick based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique
Carve digital information acquisition method.
Background technology
Tile carving refers to carve out the patterns such as personage, scenery with hills and waters, flowers on blue bricks, be in ancient architecture engraving between east and west very
A kind of important art form.China's tile carving development is of long standing and well established, at least has the history of more than 2,000 years so far.
In China, the sculpture technology Eastern Zhou period using brick as carrier has just occurred, but until the portrait of the Han Dynasty
Brick, the decorative pattern on brick are all portrayed on moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake or are formed with stamp compacting, it is impossible to it is referred to as engraving work, and it is real
Tile carving be present approximately in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of Two Jins period.At that time with the prosperity of Buddhism, brick tower is built everywhere, and brick tower can't do without
Decoration, this just makes that there is the tile carving of embossment hollow out effect to have wide market, facilitates the generation of tile carving.North is arrived
Song's period, tile carving are increasingly becoming the ornament of coffin chamber wall surface again, until first Ming and Qing three generations, coffin chamber tile carving gradually decline, tile carving is gradual
Develop into superstructure decoration tile carving, and by configuration between different parts and the engraving of different content, combine, exhale
Should, unified and perfect artistic image is formed, has finally constituted Chinese unique building carving art.
Linxia Brick Carving is also known as river state tile carving, is first national non-material cultural heritage of China.Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Linxia
It is located in the Gansu Province west and south, is known as the title in " small Meccah ", Qin Han is using origin as Silk Road thoroughfare, Islamic culture and solemn phase
Woods landscape show unique characteristics.Linxia Brick Carving originates from the Northern Song Dynasty, and maturation absorbs again in the period of Ming and Qing to this art form of modern age
The artistic characteristics of drawing and woodcarving.To Republic, the brickmaking of Linxia and tile carving have basically formed industrialized scale, and brick
The great region of carving art and national characters, occupy an important position in China's art of brick carving history, have very high art and grind
Study carefully value.
Since historical relic is non-renewable, so the basis and primary work of protection art of brick carving and historical relic ontology are exactly
To the accurate record of tile carving present situation.However traditional recording method be difficult to completely and accurately to record the size of tile carving, pattern,
Color, texture, texture, damaged weathering and technique, while again there are the work on the spot time is long, human task amount is big, and records
Process inevitably touches tile carving, be easy to cause the damage of tile carving, and digital information acquisition technology and methods then can
Problem above is solved well.
Invention content
Lack science, tight and accurate record to solve traditional mapping method in the prior art, with
The technical issues of time-consuming, task amount is big and error is big as tile carving protection, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be based on
The Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method of three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention uses following technical solution：
A kind of Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique, which is characterized in that specific
Implement according to following steps：
Step 1：Utilize building roof and the three dimensional point cloud of surrounding enviroment where oblique photograph equipment acquisition tile carving；
Step 2：The three-dimensional point cloud number of construction wall where acquiring tile carving using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment
According to；
Step 3：Precise acquisition is carried out to tile carving three dimensional point cloud using hand-held 3 D laser scanning equipment；
Step 4：The data that step 1~step 3 acquires are handled, are obtained and the identical three-dimensional of reality
Mathematical model.
Further, step 1 is specially：
Step 1.1：Rational column division is carried out to substantially tile carving works, several fritters are divided into, in case surveying at the scene
Paint middle gathered data respectively；
Step 1.2：Oblique photograph is carried out to the whole building where tile carving works using unmanned plane, oblique photograph is navigated
It being set as 80 ° (point value is changed to value range) to degree of overlapping, sidelapping degree is set as 45 ° (point value is changed to value range), as
The inclination angle of piece is set as 2 ° (point value is changed to value range).
Step 2 is specially：
According to building present situation layout data acquisition website, ensure enough overlapping spaces and public characteristic to ensure to reach
The precision of data splicing, while tested building to be avoided to be blocked by useless object, it is ensured that it collects complete, accurate data and uses
In analysis and research.
Step 3 is specially：
Three-dimensional laser scanner is scanned according to sequence from top to bottom, from left to right, due to the more splicings of characteristic point
More accurate, the model accuracy of gained is higher, so data of often standing in scanning process are at least swept there are three above feature is public
Described point.
Step 4 is specially：
Step 4.1：The data obtained first to the oblique photograph that step 1 obtains are handled, and generation precision is 5CM's
Point cloud data；Then classify to point cloud data, customize geometrical reconstruction；Point cloud data is finally passed through into splicing, adjustment, envelope
Synthesis processing is filled, builds the threedimensional model of building；
Step 4.2：It is filtered, gone by the miscellaneous point of the scene point cloud that is obtained to step 2 including noise spot first
It removes, and carries out uniform sampling, with the spacing of each point in the cloud of equilibrium point and position, retain number of effective points；Then to treated point
Cloud data are packaged, integrate and model；Finally in conjunction with photo data, true color information is assigned to model；
Step 4.3：The point cloud data that step 3 is obtained first carries out geometrical registration, and each website is passed through three or more
Characteristic point is finely registrated；Then point cloud data by splicing, adjustment, encapsulation synthesis is handled, builds the three-dimensional mould of tile carving
Type is then completely mapped to treated texture on the threedimensional model of tile carving；Finally obtained according to Three dimensions control measurement
Specific location of the tile carving on building, will be formed on final tile carving model splicing to buildings model and reality is complete
Exactly the same three-dimensional digital model.
The Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique of the present invention, solves existing
Traditional mapping method present in technology lacks science, tight and accurate record, so that time-consuming, appoints for tile carving protection
Business amount is big and the technical issues of error is big, also solves the problems, such as the pattern deformation in traditional tile carving is surveyed and drawn, this method energy substantially
Color, texture, texture, damaged and rate of decay of enough tile carvings of record in detail etc., the 3D resolution ratio of digital information reaches
0.5mm, 3D data precision reach 0.1mm, and texture definition reaches 1.3mp, and the pixel depth of color is 24bpp, and tile carving is three-dimensional
Point cloud data acquisition rate reaches more than 90%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method using the present invention based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique
Eastern residence courtyard institute tile carving screen wall facing the gate of a house figure in concrete application embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the eastern residence courtyard institute tile carving screen wall facing the gate of a house centre " rivers and mountains point river figure " in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is eastern residence courtyard institute tile carving screen wall facing the gate of a house centre " rivers and mountains point river figure " upper left corner verse in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the double bottle doors of eastern residence courtyard institute both sides tile carving tree peony in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is to carry out classifying rationally figure to substantially tile carving works in Fig. 1；
Fig. 6 is that the substantially tile carving works in Fig. 5 carry out the column figure after classifying rationally；
Fig. 7 is taken photo by plane figure using oblique photograph equipment；
Fig. 8 is using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning figure；
Fig. 9 is using hand-held 3 D laser scanning figure；
Figure 10 is the digital information acquisition figure of Linxia Brick Carving in concrete application embodiment.
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Specific embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique, tool
Body is implemented according to following steps：
Step 1：Building roof where acquiring tile carving using oblique photograph equipment and the three dimensional point cloud of surrounding enviroment,
Specially：
Step 1.1：Rational column division is carried out to substantially tile carving works, several fritters are divided into, in case surveying at the scene
Paint middle gathered data respectively；
Step 1.2：Oblique photograph is carried out to the whole building where tile carving works using unmanned plane, oblique photograph is navigated
80 ° are set as to degree of overlapping, sidelapping degree is set as 45 °, and the inclination angle of photo is set as 2 °；
Step 2：The three-dimensional point cloud number of construction wall where acquiring tile carving using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment
According to specially：
According to building present situation layout data acquisition website, ensure enough overlapping spaces and public characteristic to ensure to reach
The precision of data splicing, while tested building to be avoided to be blocked by useless object, it is ensured that it collects complete, accurate data and uses
In analysis and research；
Step 3：Precise acquisition is carried out to tile carving three dimensional point cloud using hand-held 3 D laser scanning equipment, specially：
Three-dimensional laser scanner is scanned according to sequence from top to bottom, from left to right, due to the more splicings of characteristic point
More accurate, the model accuracy of gained is higher, so data of often standing in scanning process are at least swept there are three above feature is public
Described point；
Step 4：The data that step 1~step 3 acquires are handled, are obtained and the identical three-dimensional of reality
Mathematical model, specially：
Step 4.1：The data obtained first to the oblique photograph that step 1 obtains are handled, and generation precision is 5CM's
Point cloud data；Then classify to point cloud data, customize geometrical reconstruction；Point cloud data is finally passed through into splicing, adjustment, envelope
Synthesis processing is filled, builds the threedimensional model of building；
Step 4.2 is filtered by the miscellaneous point of the scene point cloud that is obtained to step 2 including noise spot, gone first
It removes, and carries out uniform sampling, with the spacing of each point in the cloud of equilibrium point and position, retain number of effective points；Then to treated point
Cloud data are packaged, integrate and model；Finally in conjunction with photo data, true color information is assigned to model；
Step 4.3, the point cloud data for first obtaining step 3 carry out geometrical registration, and each website is passed through three or more
Characteristic point is finely registrated；Then point cloud data by splicing, adjustment, encapsulation synthesis is handled, builds the three-dimensional mould of tile carving
Type is then completely mapped to treated texture on the threedimensional model of tile carving；Finally obtained according to Three dimensions control measurement
Specific location of the tile carving on building, will be formed on final tile carving model splicing to buildings model and reality is complete
Exactly the same three-dimensional digital model.
It is the concrete application embodiment that inventor provides below.
Application Example：
By taking the tile carving in the courtyard institute of Linxia east residence as an example, acquired by a variety of digital informations of integrated use, analysis and
The research of processing method maximumlly accurately records tile carving present situation with realizing, the acquisition for the digital information of tile carving from now on
The application that the fields such as exploitation and the academic research of product are created with dynamic protection, database sharing, Digital Display, text provides one
Fixed Research foundation and data are supported.
Linxia east residence is key historical sites under state protection, at the same again because the consummate, quantity of its art of brick carving skill it
It is various, scale grand, preservation intact, it is referred to as art of brick carving museum.Tile carving in eastern residence is not only to be different from river
State area religious architecture and folk building brick
Courtyard institute is the center of several Chinese courtyard house connections, and east, west, three face of south are claustra, and north is a width all with tile carving
Form complete the large-scale screen wall facing the gate of a house, as shown in Figure 1.Screen wall facing the gate of a house center is " rivers and mountains point river figure ", also known as " sunrise Mount Taishan figure ", such as Fig. 2
It is shown, present the majestic appearance beautiful scenery in motherland's magnificence mountains and rivers.The figure center is each 25 centimetres wide by 24 block lengths, square brick group 7 centimetres thick
Into carving has scenery with hills and waters in figure, willow, pavilion, pine and cypress, floating clouds, sail boat etc., and upper left corner topic has：" spare time plucks wicker and compiles Tai Ji, sunrise
The verse of rivers and mountains point river figure ", as shown in figure 3, this works is praised by the height of Minstry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of People Republic of China (MOHURD), State Cultural Relics Bureau expert,
It is referred to as " the peerless tile carving treasure in the whole nation ".Eaves is made of the cloud cluster as one wishes of great Chinese style style on the screen wall facing the gate of a house；The Chinese is adornd in lower section
Race " the dark Eight Immortals " decorative pattern because the Hui ethnic group does not worship personage's idol, therefore replaces the Eight Immortals with musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass in Eight Immortals hand；Left and right is the lishu couplet written on scrolls and hung on the pillars of a hall
" natural, graceful and poised open of manner offers sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead the towering high-ranking official family status of the macro base of industry, and the standby tight boundary heavy responsibilities of government of Jie Hui Kun credit permit open and upright great talent ".The couplet written on scrolls and hung on the pillars of a hall is the Republic of China
The regional famous calligraphist Qin Ming front yards institute book in period Linxia had both expressed owner in poem and has bragged about elder generation army all over the body, started an undertaking active,
Also show my green great talent and bold vision of horse-ride step.In addition, screen wall facing the gate of a house both sides are the double bottle doors of symmetrical tile carving tree peony, implied meaning is " flat
Peace wealth and rank " and the meaning of Islam " two generation are auspicious ".Respectively go out several tree peonies in bottle to disturb to Men Dinghe, moulding is unusual, ingeniously takes day by force
Work is spoken approvingly of by experts and scholars, as shown in Figure 4.
Due to the limitation of digital information acquisition equipment development, the hand-held three-dimensional laser that can reach required precision at present is swept
Retouch instrument, the range of each station scanning and the size of data volume are very limited, so will be according to the characteristics of tile carving and content, to big
Width tile carving works carry out the classifying rationally, (number in Fig. 6 as shown in Fig. 5 (the digital 1-17 in Fig. 5, that is, be divided into 17 pieces), Fig. 6
Word 1-17 is divided into 17 pieces), in case gathered data respectively in surveying and drawing at the scene, this is the emphasis and brick developed programs
Carve the difficult point of digital information acquisition.
Linxia Brick Carving is not only combined closely, but also pattern is various, scale size differs, table as building decoration with building
Face concaveconvex shape is complicated, so being difficult that data acquisition is complete only with a kind of equipment, and must be wanted as the case may be with data
It asks, a variety of different accuracies and the equipment coordination of measurement range is selected to work.
As shown in fig. 7, oblique photograph equipment is mainly used for tile carving place building roof and the three-dimensional point cloud number of surrounding enviroment
According to acquisition.Data acquisition is carried out using oblique photograph equipment, can not only truly record atural object situation, but also can lead to
It crosses using advanced location technology, embedded accurate spatial geographic information, so as to obtain more rich digitized image information.
When carrying out the acquisition of oblique photograph data using unmanned plane, for ensure the continuity of photo and meet stereopsis and
The needs of cartographic accuracy, it should be noted that the inclination angle of photograph ship's control, sidelapping degree and photo is adjusted to rational angle
Degree.Oblique photograph ship's control is set to 80 ° in the research of this project, sidelapping degree is set to 45 °, and the inclination angle of photo is determined
It is 2 °.
As shown in figure 8, fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment is mainly used for the three-dimensional point cloud of tile carving place construction wall
Data acquire.Carry out data acquisition using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment, can not only to the spatial position of tile carving,
Size carries out control measurement, and accurately to be positioned to tile carving in building, and data are further comprised needed for modeling
Holonmic space structural information, and the whole artistic effect of clear intuitive record tile carving.
On-site data gathering is carried out using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment, is first had to according to building present situation arrangement
Data collection station point.If to ensure enough overlapping spaces and public characteristic when standing to ensure the precision for reaching data splicing, together
When tested building to be avoided to be blocked by useless object, it is ensured that collect complete, accurate data for analyzing and researching.
As shown in figure 9, hand-held 3 D laser scanning equipment is mainly used for the precise acquisition of tile carving three dimensional point cloud.It should
With hand-held 3 D laser scanning equipment can not only be finely the mapping size of tile carving pattern, pattern, color, but also can be with
Texture, texture and damaged weathering of true record tile carving etc..
When carrying out on-site data gathering to ready-portioned tile carving using hand-held three-dimensional laser scanner, generally according to from upper
It arrives down, sequence from left to right carries out.Since the more splicings of characteristic point are more accurate, the model accuracy of gained is higher, so sweeping
It is noted that often at least there are three above feature common scanning points for station data during retouching.
By the tile carving to different type in the courtyard institute of Linxia east residence, size, position and integrated degree three-dimensional swash
Luminous point cloud data sampling and processing and analysis research shows that, application digital three-dimensional technology acquisition tile carving data when it is noted that with
It is 2 points lower：
1st, there are many large-scale tile carvings in Linxia Islam traditional architecture, some map sheets are even up to tens square metres, so should
It is digitized information collection again after being divided into several fritters first, the point cloud number that then will be acquired respectively by software
According to being spliced.Due to having certain error after the tile carving as splice point respectively gathered data, splicing operation is caused very
Big influence so how to carry out classifying rationally to large-scale tile carving, makes splice point more fewer better, before being on-site data gathering
Technological difficulties.
2nd, the operation principle of three-dimensional laser scanner is by actively emitting laser, while receives the reflection of body surface
Signal carries out ranging.Since Linxia Brick Carving is 3 D stereo, and carver is extremely complex, there is negative line to carve, concave surface line is carved, convex surface
The different types such as line quarter, basse-taille, high relief, hollow type openwork carving, so the surface of some tile carvings is needed by different angle
Multiple-Scan could obtain more complete data, and the light that the tile carving of some hollow outs, which is then equipment, to be sent out can not reach
, so data information can not be collected.Since the number of scanning is more, the requirement to scanning and processing equipment is higher, and increases
The workload that later data is added to handle, so how rationally to control the integrity degree of gathered data, i.e., can reach accurate record
Purpose, and working efficiency can be improved, reduce equipment requirement, technological difficulties when being on-site data gathering.
The number of the Linxia Brick Carving based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique that the present embodiment provides is shown by practical application
Change information collecting method, not only solve the problems, such as the pattern deformation in traditional tile carving is surveyed and drawn substantially, but also have recorded in detail
Color, texture, texture, damaged and rate of decay of tile carving etc., the 3D resolution ratio of digital information reach 0.5mm, 3D data essence
Degree reaches 0.1mm, and texture definition reaches 1.3mp, and the pixel depth of color is 24bpp, tile carving three dimensional point cloud acquisition rate
Reach more than 90%, as shown in Figure 10.
In the present embodiment, the setting of equipment in data acquisition, as shown in table 1：
Table 1
In the present embodiment, integrity degree estimation is carried out to scanning movement number and scanning frame number, as shown in table 2：
Table 2
As can be seen from the above data, scanning movement number effective percentage reaches more than 80%, scanning frame number effective percentage is more than
70%, data integrity degree is more than 90%.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Linxia Brick Carving digital information acquisition method based on three-dimensional point cloud scanning technique, which is characterized in that specifically press
Implement according to following steps：
Step 1：Utilize building roof and the three dimensional point cloud of surrounding enviroment where oblique photograph equipment acquisition tile carving；
Step 2：The three dimensional point cloud of construction wall where acquiring tile carving using fixed standing posture 3 D laser scanning equipment；
Step 3：Precise acquisition is carried out to tile carving three dimensional point cloud using hand-held 3 D laser scanning equipment；
Step 4：The data that step 1~step 3 acquires are handled, are obtained and the identical 3-dimensional digital mould of reality
Type.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1 is specially：
Step 1.1：Rational column division is carried out to substantially tile carving works, is divided into several fritters, in case in surveying and drawing at the scene
Gathered data respectively；
Step 1.2：Oblique photograph is carried out to the whole building where tile carving works using unmanned plane, by oblique photograph endlap
Degree is set as 80 °, and sidelapping degree is set as 45 °, and the inclination angle of photo is set as 2 °.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2 is specially：
According to building present situation layout data acquisition website, ensure enough overlapping spaces and public characteristic and spelled with ensuring to reach data
The precision connect, while tested building to be avoided to be blocked by useless object, it is ensured that collect complete, accurate data for analyze grind
Study carefully.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 3 is specially：
Three-dimensional laser scanner is scanned according to sequence from top to bottom, from left to right, since the more splicings of characteristic point are more smart
Really, the model accuracy of gained is higher, so at least there are three above feature common scanning points for data of often standing in scanning process.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4 is specially：
Step 4.1：The data obtained first to the oblique photograph that step 1 obtains are handled, the point cloud number that generation precision is 5CM
According to；Then classify to point cloud data, customize geometrical reconstruction；Finally by point cloud data by splicing, adjustment, encapsulation synthesis at
Reason builds the threedimensional model of building；
Step 4.2：It is filtered, removed by the miscellaneous point of the scene point cloud that is obtained to step 2 including noise spot first, and
Uniform sampling is carried out, with the spacing of each point in the cloud of equilibrium point and position, retains number of effective points；Then to treated point cloud data
It is packaged, integrates and models；Finally in conjunction with photo data, true color information is assigned to model；
Step 4.3：The point cloud data that step 3 is obtained first carries out geometrical registration, and each website is passed through the feature of three or more
Point is finely registrated；Then point cloud data by splicing, adjustment, encapsulation synthesis is handled, builds the threedimensional model of tile carving, with
Treated texture is completely mapped on the threedimensional model of tile carving afterwards；The tile carving finally obtained according to Three dimensions control measurement
Specific location on building by final tile carving model splicing to buildings model, is formed identical with reality
Three-dimensional digital model.
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| CN109448135B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2022-12-23 | 速度时空信息科技股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional model repairing method based on multi-source data |
| CN109559374A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-04-02 | 广州方舆科技有限公司 | Efficient mapping system based on point cloud data |
| CN109945845A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-06-28 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of mapping of private garden spatial digitalized and three-dimensional visualization method |
| CN111947625A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-17 | 宁波冶金勘察设计研究股份有限公司 | Measurable BIM (building information modeling) method for measuring rural homestead based on CORS (continuous operational reference system) and integrating unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning and oblique photography |
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