CN108132075A - The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone - Google Patents
The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN108132075A CN108132075A CN201711124385.2A CN201711124385A CN108132075A CN 108132075 A CN108132075 A CN 108132075A CN 201711124385 A CN201711124385 A CN 201711124385A CN 108132075 A CN108132075 A CN 108132075A
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Abstract
The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of present invention displaying high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, device including workbench and install chucking appliance system on the table and data collecting system；Its method of calibration, it is as follows, 1, cladding process and thermal deformation in being processed to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing strain Real-time test amount；2, establish model framework, input material attribute and grid division；Complete the calibration of finite element temperature field；3, field of force boundary condition and the primary condition for calculating the temperature field result of calibration as the field of force are set, obtain substrate deformation and strain field result；Complete the calibration in the finite element field of force；Complete the calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone.The present invention can provide reliable experimental data for the analog simulation of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, and scientific guidance can be provided to establish the process of effective control base board and drip molding deformation by having, and increases material manufacturing technology is promoted to obtain widely application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material increasing field, specially a kind of school of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone
Proved recipe method and its data measurement unit.
Background technology
High energy beam increases material manufacturing technology is that the high-performance metal to be grown up based on RP technique principle increases material
Manufacturing technology, can be divided into pre- powdering and synchronous powder feeding system or two kinds of wire feed, and high energy beam generally comprises beam-plasma, electron beam, swashs
Light beam and electric arc etc..For high energy beam increasing material manufacturing synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed technology, drip molding on Prefabricated substrate cladding into
Shape.In cladding process, molten bath near zone is subjected to non-uniform rapid heat cycle effect, molten bath solidification shrinkage, the temperature of variation
Temperature stress caused by field and huge temperature gradient, structural stress caused by structural transformation, drip molding are not assisted with substrate deformation
Stress is hindered caused by adjusting, comprehensive function leads to substrate and drip molding metamorphopsic distortion, seriously affects the precision of drip molding, reduces
The mechanical property of drip molding.One of the problem of deformation of substrate and drip molding is inevitable in high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, this is asked
Topic be also high energy beam increases material manufacturing technology research in common concern and endeavour solution critical issue.Therefore increasing material manufacturing is verified
Heat-deformation-strain development law of substrate and drip molding in journey specifies deformation mechanism and stress distribution situation and is effectively controlled
System is of great significance to the precision and mechanical property that improve drip molding.
At present to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process there are no heat-deformation-strain original position real-time measurement apparatus of complete set,
Existing high energy beam increasing material manufacturing in-situ technique mainly to substrate into trip temperature and the measurement of deformation, it is rare to drip molding
Temperature and strain in situ measure in real time.Major part scholar is using synthesis measuring profilometer, laser 3 d scanner at present
Etc. means obtain the final deformation of increasing material manufacturing process finishing metacoxal plate, the method can only become the substrate after process finishing
Shape measures, and cannot disclose the real-time deformation rule of processing part during increasing material manufacturing.There is scholar to use displacement sensor pair
Substrate deformation is measured in real time, but can only also measure the deformation of substrate.Current in-situ measuring method is all relatively simple
And there is significant limitation, it is impossible to which the whole audience monitors the evolution process of thermal field, can not be increasing material manufacturing finite element Thermal-mechanical Coupling
Model provides a full set of experimental verification data.
Generally speaking, with the development of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, deformation of the drip molding in forming process is even cracked and is asked
Topic is not solved effectively always, this has seriously affected the progress of forming process and the quality of drip molding.It if can be to high energy
The temperature field of beam increasing material manufacturing process substrate and drip molding, deformation, strain field and stress field evolved behavior carry out accurate in real time survey
Amount, can not only provide reliable experimental data, so as to establish accurate Thermal-mechanical Coupling for the analog simulation of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Model to carry out the heating power field analysis of large scale complex structural member, and will appreciate that the deformation of forming process drip molding even
Cracking mechanism provides scientific guidance, and then effective control is taken to arrange to establish the effectively process of control deformation and stress
It applies improve and even eliminate.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned prior art the problem of, the present invention provide a kind of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermo-mechanical Coupled
The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of molding type, apparatus structure is simple, and method is flexibly accurate, can real-time synchronization monitoring,
Reliable experimental data can not only be provided for the analog simulation of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, and can be establish effective control base board and
The process of drip molding deformation provides scientific guidance, and increases material manufacturing technology is promoted to obtain widely application.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, including workbench, Yi Jian
Fill chucking appliance system on the table and data collecting system；
The chucking appliance system includes the substrate fixed plate, the upper bracket and lower bracket that are fixedly installed from the top down successively；Base
Plate fixed plate is fixed on that upper bracket upper end is unilateral to grip substrate, fixed clamp setting and substrate between upper bracket and lower bracket
The displacement sensor fixed plate being arranged in parallel；The side fixed setting thermocouple temperature measurement frame of upper bracket；
The data collecting system includes being arranged on the thermocouple of thermocouple temperature measurement point by thermocouple temperature measurement frame, fixed
Displacement sensor in displacement sensor fixed plate, the 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain being oppositely arranged with thermocouple temperature measurement frame
Measuring instrument and the thermal imaging system being oppositely arranged with upper bracket；The measurement head of displacement sensor is arranged on substrate lower end, three dimensions
The collection terminal of word dynamic speckle strain gauge and thermal imaging system is directed at substrate and processing district.
Preferably, several jacks are provided on the thermocouple temperature measurement frame, alundum tube is provided in jack；Thermocouple
Temperature measuring head passes through alundum tube and is exposed to alundum tube close to the end of processing district, and the thermocouple wire of thermocouple is welded on annealed state base
At the different location of plate.
Preferably, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge includes the first 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle of angled setting
Strain gauge camera lens and the second 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens；3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge
It is arranged on and on the fixed strain gauge stent of workbench, the height and angle of strain gauge stent can adjust.
Preferably, thermal imaging system be arranged on on the fixed thermal imaging system stent of workbench, the height of thermal imaging system stent
It can be adjusted with angle.
Preferably, the sensing head of displacement sensor is arranged on base plate bottom far from the side for accommodating end.
High energy beam increasing material manufacturing has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, includes the following steps,
Step 1, above-mentioned any one verification data measuring device is initialized, the cladding in being processed to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Process and heat-deformation-strain Real-time test amount；Data logger acquires the displacement of thermocouple temperature measurement data and displacement sensor
Signal, thermal imaging acquisition system collect temperature field signal, and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement data collecting system is collected should
Become field signal；
Step 2, high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone frame is established, input material attribute simultaneously divides net
Lattice；Then initial temperature field boundary condition is rule of thumb set, established modeling is utilized to calculate the temperature of forming process
, the temperature field result that analog result is surveyed with thermocouple temperature measurement data and thermal imaging acquisition system is compared and analyzed, root
It is complete until analog result is matched with experimental measurements according to simulation and experimental measurements discrepancy adjustment temperature boundaries condition
Into the calibration of finite element temperature field；
Step 3, according to experiment process setting field of force boundary condition and using the temperature field result of calibration as field of force meter
The primary condition of calculation is calculated the field of force evolutionary process of forming process using modeling, obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；
The substrate deformation of simulation and strain field result are compared and analyzed with testing surveyed substrate deformation and strain field result, foundation
Error transfer factor field of force boundary condition until analog result can be matched with experimental measurements, completes the calibration in the finite element field of force；
Complete the calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone.
Preferably, thermocouple and displacement sensor with data logger are connected, and are debugged, prepare to receive temperature
Signal and deformation signal；Thermal imaging system data collecting system is debugged, prepares to receive thermal imaging signal；3-dimensional digital dynamic is debugged to dissipate
Spot strain gauge data collecting system prepares to receive strain signal.
Preferably, in step 1, during Real-time test amount, it can obtain drip molding according to thermocouple temperature measurement data and measure position
The temperature change put；The voltage signal of data collecting instrument record displacement sensor output, and according to displacement and voltage transformational relation
The voltage signal of extraction is converted into displacement signal and obtains the real-time deformation process of substrate.
Preferably, in step 1, radiance and energy transmission rate to thermal imaging system in forming process are calibrated；It utilizes
Temperature measuring point accurate temperature value measured by thermocouple calibrates the corresponding points temperature value that thermal imaging system monitors, that is, obtains heat
Accurate radiance and energy transmission rate in imager monitoring process, then under thermal imaging camera visual field in entire forming process
All temperature measuring points use the accurate radiance of gained and energy transmission rate, complete thermal imaging system calibration.
Preferably, in step 2, initial temperature field boundary condition includes S. E. A., convection coefficient and thermal emissivity rate.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has technique effect beneficial below：
A kind of method of calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone of the present invention, based on thermocouple and heat into
It, can be real as integrated temperature measurement technology, displacement sensor deformation measurement technology and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement technique
When Simultaneous Monitoring substrate and drip molding temperature field and whole audience strain and deformation, apparent substrate and drip molding heat-deformation-strain drill
Law；Realize during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing to substrate deformation, to substrate and drip molding temperature field and to substrate and
The real-time monitoring purpose of drip molding strain field, reached during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing to real-time monitoring purpose, obtain school
Model after testing can analyze temperature field, deformation, strain field and the stress of any moment during forming using the model of calibration
, and the mechanism that influences each other between temperature field and field of force evolution can be probed into.It is provided for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing analog simulation
Reliable experimental verification means, the verification to establish high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process heat-sequential coupling model of tissue-deformation provide
The experimental data of science.
The verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone of the present invention, using thermocouple,
Thermal imaging system, displacement sensor, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge are realized while are synchronized to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Heat-deformation of process-strain carries out real-time accurate measurements in situ, and measurement data type is more, and information is comprehensive, that is, obtains process
The temperature field of middle drip molding, and the mechanical response information (substrate deformation, strain field) of drip molding is obtained, it is single better than any
Real-time measurement method in situ, such as only thermocouple temperature measurement or only displacement sensor deforms.It cannot be only used for laser beam, ion
The monitoring of the high energy beams increasing material manufacturing process such as beam, electric arc, and the electron beam increasing material manufacturing being equally applicable under vacuum environment
Journey monitors.In addition, except high energy beam material increasing field, which can also monitor the temperature field of welding bead in welding process, become in real time
Shape and strain field variation.
Further, since thermocouple temperature measurement point can arbitrarily be chosen, displacement sensor arbitrarily selects the measurement position of substrate
Take, thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge " loaded " position on the table and angle can according to demand into
The mobile adjustment of row, therefore a whole set of measuring device is very flexible to the monitoring mode of surveyed drip molding, can for different materials (steel,
High temperature alloy, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy etc.), different structure shape (single armed wall, frame, bucket, plate muscle, block, abnormal shape and labyrinth
Part etc.), the high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process of different size drip molding (centimetre~metrical scale) can carry out heat-deformation-strain field
It is in situ to measure in real time.
Further, it is especially hot since verification data measuring device is not in direct contact with drip molding deposition region on substrate
Imager and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge are remote monitorings, therefore the set measuring system will not increase material to high energy beam
Manufacturing process generates any influence.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the data acquisition block figure of the data measurement unit described in present example.
The structure diagram of data measurement unit when Fig. 2 is the substrate unilateral blessing described in present example.
Fig. 3 is the unilateral clamping time substrate temperature of substrate and the signal of deformation measurement position distribution described in present example
Figure.
Fig. 4 is that the thermocouple temperature measurement curve of the laser gain material manufacturing process substrate and drip molding described in present example shows
It is intended to.
Fig. 5 is the deformation curve schematic diagram of the laser gain material manufacturing process substrate described in present example.
Fig. 6 is the temperature field schematic diagram of the laser gain material manufacturing process thermal imaging system monitoring described in present example.
Fig. 7 is the laser gain material manufacturing process 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge monitoring described in present example
Strain field schematic diagram.
In figure, 1 be high energy beam, 2 be substrate fixed plate, 3 be upper bracket, 4 be the first 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain survey
Amount instrument camera lens, 5 be lower carriage, 6 be the second 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens, 7 be strain gauge stent, 8
It is thermocouple for displacement sensor fixed plate, 9,10 be displacement sensor, 11 be thermal imaging system, 12 is thermal imaging system stent, 13
It is cladding layer for substrate, 14,15 be thermocouple temperature measurement head, 16 be alundum tube, 17 is thermocouple temperature measurement frame.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
A kind of method of calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone of the present invention, utilizes data measurement unit
Obtained heat-deformation-strain field measurement result is measured in real time, and finite element thermal influence zone is verified.
Following embodiment illustrates during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, this hair using the laser beam in high energy beam as representing
Bright how realized using data measurement unit to the real―time precision measurment in situ of heat-deformation-strain field and applied to thermo-mechanical Coupled
The verification of molding type.As shown in Figure 1, in high energy beam process, thermocouple and the real-time monitoring temperature field of thermal imaging system, displacement
The real-time monitoring substrate deformation of sensor, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge monitor strain field in real time, and measurement data is by phase
The data collecting system answered records and analyzes.
The thermocouple temperature measurement point is located at any particular location of substrate respective specific position and drip molding side wall respectively.
The verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone applied in the present invention, energy
Enough accurate measurement heat-deformation-strains are in situ, and including chucking appliance system setting on the table, the data on chucking appliance system are adopted
Collecting system, data collecting system include the thermocouple being arranged on chucking appliance system and displacement sensor device and data record
Instrument additionally includes thermal imaging system and the 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge set on the table.Wherein, substrate becomes
The position of shape measurement point can be adjusted, and the position of temperature measuring point can be arranged according to drip molding shape, substrate and into
The temperature field of shape part and strain can carry out whole audience monitoring.It can realize to substrate and drip molding during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Heat-deformation-strain monitoring in real time in situ, can accurately react heat-deformation-strain of substrate and drip molding drilling at any time
Law is not only that reliably experiment measures the offer of the deformation mechanism of substrate and drip molding during studying high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Basis, and strong experimental data is provided for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing analog simulation, finally to establishing effective control base board
It lays a good foundation with the process and acquisition high-precision, high-performance drip molding of drip molding deformation.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, device of the present invention includes the fixture system of workbench and installation on the table
System and data collecting system；
The chucking appliance system includes the substrate fixed plate 2, upper bracket 3 and the lower carriage 5 that are fixedly installed from the top down successively；
Substrate fixed plate 2 is fixed on that 3 upper end of upper bracket is unilateral to grip substrate 13, and fixed clamp is set between upper bracket 3 and lower carriage 5
Put the displacement sensor fixed plate 8 being arranged in parallel with substrate 13；The side fixed setting thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17 of upper bracket 3；
The data collecting system includes being arranged on the thermocouple 9 of thermocouple temperature measurement point by thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17,
The displacement sensor 10 being fixed in displacement sensor fixed plate 8, the 3-dimensional digital being oppositely arranged with thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17 move
State speckle strain measurement instrument and the thermal imaging system 11 being oppositely arranged with upper bracket 3；The measurement head of displacement sensor 10 is arranged on
The collection terminal of substrate lower end, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge and thermal imaging system 11 is directed at substrate 13 and processing district.
During installation, thermocouple temperature measuring apparatus installation；Thermocouple wire is welded in the different location of annealed state substrate；In alundum tube
Thermocouple wire is penetrated in 16 and the temperature measuring head of thermocouple wire is made to be exposed to 16 end of alundum tube, alundum tube 16 is then mounted on heat
On galvanic couple temperature measuring rack 17, finally thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17 is mounted on upper bracket 3；
Fixed substrate and determining temeprature measurement position；It is clamped in the substrate for being welded with thermocouple 9 is unilateral substrate and fixes
Between plate 2 and upper bracket 3；Using the displacement sensor fixed plate 8 between upper bracket 3 and lower carriage 5 by 10 cloth of displacement sensor
It puts in 13 underface designated position of substrate；
Whole measuring table installation；By chucking appliance system installation on the table；It is appropriate that thermal imaging system is mounted on workbench
Position, adjustment imaging lens make it be directed at substrate and processing district；3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge is mounted on work
Make platform appropriate location, adjustment 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens makes it be directed at substrate and processing district；
Preferred embodiment of the present invention is mainly for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed technology.When thermocouple is welded in base
It needs to carry out masking processing to thermocouple wire during plate upper surface, preventing the radiation effects of high energy beam influences measurement result；It is installing
During thermocouple temperature measurement frame, the installation site of thermocouple temperature measurement frame is adjusted, the thermocouple temperature measurement head of corundum tube end is made to be directed at forming
The specific temperature measurement location of part side wall.The position of adjustment displacement sensor fixed plate makes displacement sensor be directed at substrate bottom surface deformation measurement
Position.During installs fixture, make the X-axis of substrate side surfaces and lathe or Y-axis parallel, convenient for determining cladding area in the opposite position of substrate
It puts；The camera lens of thermal imaging system camera lens and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge must all assemble filter plate, prevent high energy beam
Damage camera lens；The acquisition display screen of thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge is observed, adjusts the position of each camera lens
It puts acquisition conjunction and accurately clearly monitors visual field.
Method of the present invention is as follows：
The first step, different location welding thermocouple and the specific position cloth displacement sensor immediately below substrate on substrate
As shown in figure 3, it is clamped in substrate is unilateral on fixture, while thermocouple is got out then to drip molding on thermocouple temperature measurement frame
Carry out thermometric.
Second step, by the fixture assembled in the first step installation on the table, as shown in Figure 2.
Third walks, and it is suitable with substrate distance that thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge are separately mounted to
On workbench, as shown in Figure 2.
4th step, measuring device initialization；Thermocouple and displacement sensor are connected on data logger, data are remembered
Record instrument is debugged and by observing data collecting system display, debugs thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle should
Become the camera lens visual field of measuring instrument, thermal imaging signal and strain signal are received when preparing to measure.Wherein, the displacement letter of displacement sensor
It number needs to be converted into voltage signal to acquire by data logger；It needs to demarcate substrate before strain measurement, as strain
Measure reference position.
5th step, the initialization of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing technique；Part is generated in the computer of control increasing material manufacturing process
Three-dimensional CAD model, then by model by certain thickness hierarchy slicing, and set the scanning strategy of forming, while in lathe
Setting forming process parameter in control system；Inert protective gas argon gas is passed through to shaped cavity, prepares high energy beam and increases material
Process is manufactured, when oxygen content drops to certain level, beginning forming process.When high energy beam is electron beam, shaped cavity must
It must be vacuum environment, not need to fill protective gas.
The real-time measurement of 6th step, cladding process and heat-deformation-strain；Start simultaneously at cladding process and heat-deformation-should
The real-time measurement process in original position of change, data logger collect the measuring signal of thermocouple and displacement sensor, thermal imaging acquisition system
System collects temperature field signal, and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement data collecting system collects strain signal；It is specific to use
Specific laser processing technology starts forming process, while to substrate in laser gain material manufacturing process and drip molding heat-deformation-
Strain carries out real―time precision measurment.When cladding layer deposits to certain thickness, contact the thermocouple temperature measurement head of corundum tube end
Drip molding side wall, thermocouple starts to carry out thermometric to drip molding, since thermocouple is close apart from high energy beam, needs using high temperature resistant
Thermocouple wire.
7th step preserves measurement data and dismantles measuring device；When forming process terminates and is cooled to room temperature and measures system
After system monitoring, preserve measurement data and close measuring system, then dismantle measuring device one by one；
8th step, Measurement and Data Processing；By the thermocouple temperature measurement data in data logger and the displacement of displacement sensor
Signal (practical is voltage signal) extracts, and wherein thermocouple measured temperature value can be applied directly；Utilize displacement and voltage
The voltage signal of extraction is converted into displacement signal by transformational relation, you can obtains the real-time deformation course of substrate；Utilize thermocouple
The temperature measuring point accurate temperature value surveyed calibrates the corresponding points temperature value that thermal imaging system monitors, that is, obtains thermal imaging system prison
Accurately radiance and energy transmission rate, completion thermal imaging system are calibrated during surveying.Then the thermal imaging recorded to computer
Thermometric information extracts, such as the maximum temperature that thermal imaging is recorded during extraction forming is molten bath in process
Peak temperature, the temperature of any point any time and bulk temperature the field information that changes with time are equal under similary thermal imaging visual field
It can be extracted；The undeformed state of system identification before the processing recorded according to 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge
System acquires the speckle image of each deformation stage of object in real time in first image and process, is strained and surveyed using speckle
Amount instrument it is corresponding the more each digital speckle image of Data Analysis Software and calculate object texture feature the whole audience strain and become
Shape establishes unified strain scale and carries out quantization calibration, and exports the visualization strain cloud atlas at different processing moment, so as to obtain
The real-time strain of the whole audience of drip molding and displacement information in forming process.
9th step, measurement result verification model；First, high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone frame is established
Frame, setting initial temperature field boundary condition (S. E. A., convection coefficient and thermal emissivity rate) calculate temperature using modeling
, reduced temperature field stimulation and experimental measurements discrepancy adjustment temperature boundaries condition, until simulation and experimental measurements
The calibration in temperature field is completed in matching.Secondly, according to experiment process setting field of force boundary condition and with the temperature field of calibration
As a result the primary condition calculated as the field of force calculates field of force evolutionary process using model, obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；
The analog result of comparison deformation and strain field adjusts field of force boundary condition with experimental measurements, until analog result can be with experiment
Measurement result matches, and completes the calibration in the finite element field of force；Complete the calibration of finite element thermal influence zone.Utilize calibration
The temperature field of any moment, deformation, strain field and stress field in model analysis forming process, and probe into temperature field and develop with the field of force
Between the mechanism that influences each other.
Data are handled, just obtain the temperature curve of thermocouple measurement substrate and drip molding as shown in figure 4, displacement passes
Sensor measures the deformation curve of substrate as shown in figure 5, bulk temperature field such as Fig. 6 institutes of thermal imaging system monitoring substrate and drip molding
Show, the strain field of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge monitoring substrate and drip molding is as shown in Figure 7.
It can be obtained by the measurement process and measurement result of the example, the present invention is real by being carried out to heat-deformation-strain field
When accurately monitor and analysed in depth, easily realize high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone verification, can
High energy beam increasing material manufacturing process substrate and the Evolution and inefficacy mechanism of drip molding deformation are verified, to establish effective control base board
The process even to fail is deformed with drip molding to lay the foundation.
Claims (10)
1. the verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, which is characterized in that including work
Platform and installation chucking appliance system on the table and data collecting system；
The chucking appliance system includes the substrate fixed plate (2), upper bracket (3) and the lower carriage that are fixedly installed from the top down successively
(5)；Substrate fixed plate (2) is fixed on that upper bracket (3) upper end is unilateral to grip substrate (13), upper bracket (3) and lower carriage (5)
Between the displacement sensor fixed plate (8) that is arranged in parallel with substrate (13) of fixed clamp setting；The side of upper bracket (3) is fixed and is set
Put thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17)；
The data collecting system includes being arranged on the thermocouple (9) of thermocouple temperature measurement point by thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17),
The displacement sensor (10) being fixed in displacement sensor fixed plate (8), the three-dimensional being oppositely arranged with thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17)
Digital dynamic speckle strain measurement instrument and the thermal imaging system (11) being oppositely arranged with upper bracket (3)；Displacement sensor (10)
Measurement head is arranged on substrate lower end, and the collection terminal of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge and thermal imaging system (11) is directed at base
Plate (13) and processing district.
2. the verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, being provided with several jacks on the thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17), alundum tube is provided in jack；Thermocouple
(9) temperature measuring head passes through alundum tube and is exposed to alundum tube close to the end of processing district, and the thermocouple wire of thermocouple (9) is welded on
At the different location of annealed state substrate.
3. the verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the first 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle that 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge includes angled setting strains
Measuring instrument camera lens (4) and the second 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens (6)；3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement
Instrument is arranged on strain gauge stent (7) fixed with workbench, and the height and angle of strain gauge stent (7) can
Adjustment.
4. the verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, thermal imaging system (11) is arranged on thermal imaging system stent (12) fixed with workbench, thermal imaging system stent
(12) height and angle can adjust.
5. the verification data measuring device of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the sensing head of displacement sensor (10) is arranged on substrate (13) bottom far from the side for accommodating end.
6. high energy beam increasing material manufacturing has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, which is characterized in that include the following steps,
Step 1, the verification data measuring device described in any one in claim 1-5 is initialized, material system is increased to high energy beam
Make the cladding process and heat-deformation-strain Real-time test amount in processing；Data logger acquires thermocouple temperature measurement data and position
The displacement signal of displacement sensor, thermal imaging acquisition system collect temperature field signal, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement data
Acquisition system collects strain field signal；
Step 2, high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone frame, input material attribute and grid division are established；So
Initial temperature field boundary condition is rule of thumb set afterwards, established modeling is utilized to calculate the temperature field of forming process, it will
The temperature field result that analog result is surveyed with thermocouple temperature measurement data and thermal imaging acquisition system compares and analyzes, according to simulation
With experimental measurements discrepancy adjustment temperature boundaries condition, until analog result is matched with experimental measurements, complete
The calibration in the first temperature field of limit；
Step 3, it is calculated according to experiment process setting field of force boundary condition and using the temperature field result of calibration as the field of force
Primary condition is calculated the field of force evolutionary process of forming process using modeling, obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；By mould
The substrate deformation and strain field result of plan are compared and analyzed with testing surveyed substrate deformation and strain field result, according to error
Field of force boundary condition is adjusted, until analog result can be matched with experimental measurements, completes the calibration in the finite element field of force；It is i.e. complete
Into the calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone.
7. high energy beam increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, which is characterized in that
When being initialized in step 1, thermocouple and displacement sensor with data logger are connected, and debugged, prepares to receive temperature
Spend signal and deformation signal；Thermal imaging system data collecting system is debugged, prepares to receive thermal imaging signal；Debug 3-dimensional digital dynamic
Speckle strain measurement instrument data collecting system prepares to receive strain signal.
8. high energy beam increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, which is characterized in that
In step 1, during Real-time test amount, the temperature change that drip molding measures position can be obtained according to thermocouple temperature measurement data；Number
According to the voltage signal of Acquisition Instrument record displacement sensor output, and according to displacement and voltage transformational relation by the voltage signal of extraction
It is converted into displacement signal and obtains the real-time deformation process of substrate.
9. high energy beam increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, which is characterized in that
In step 1, radiance and energy transmission rate to thermal imaging system in forming process are calibrated；Utilize the survey measured by thermocouple
Warm spot accurate temperature value calibrates the corresponding points temperature value that thermal imaging system monitors, that is, obtains in thermal imaging system monitoring process
Then all temperature measuring points under thermal imaging camera visual field in entire forming process are used institute by accurate radiance and energy transmission rate
The accurate radiance and energy transmission rate obtained completes thermal imaging system calibration.
10. high energy beam increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, feature exists
In in step 2, initial temperature field boundary condition includes S. E. A., convection coefficient and thermal emissivity rate.
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