CN108123110A - A kind of preparation method and application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation method and applications of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials, belong to the preparation of the modified porous carbon material of hetero atom in functional material and lithium sulfur battery anode material preparing technical field.The present invention is specially a kind of using biomass gel as carbon source, and using ice and silica double-template method, nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials, and the method for preparing high sulfur content sulphur carbon composite anode are prepared by high temperature pyrolysis.Porous carbon prepared by the present invention has the surface chemical property that nitrogen oxygen is modified, and there is big mesopore volume to accumulate；Using it as carrier, the mass percentage of sulphur is up to 80% in the carbon sulphur positive electrode of preparation.By the carbon sulphur composite positive pole of preparation for lithium-sulfur cell, there is preferable chemical property.
Description
Technical field
It is prepared by preparation and lithium sulfur battery anode material the invention belongs to the modified porous carbon material of hetero atom in functional material
Technical field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method and application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials.
Background technology
In today's society, battery apparatus has become key player indispensable in daily life.It is rapidly developing just
Under the promotion for taking formula electronic device and vehicle technology, battery technology is also grown rapidly.In numerous battery systems, lithium sulphur
Battery has higher theoretical specific capacity (1675mAh/g) and theoretical energy density (2600Wh/kg), following it is possible that meeting newly
The application requirement of battery energy storage system (such as portable electric appts, electric car, electrochemical energy storage station), and raw material reserves are rich
Richness, it is inexpensively, environmental-friendly, thus widely paid close attention to and studied.
Porous carbon materials have flourishing specific surface area and larger pore volume, while have good electron conduction,
In lithium sulfur battery anode material, act not only as electronic conductor, and can by the suction-operated in hole, alleviate polysulfide to
Cathode is spread, and can effectively keep battery capacity.
Biomass be it is a kind of it is reproducible derive from a wealth of sources cheap carbon matrix precursor, have species it is various, it is renewable the features such as.
Biomass glue is a kind of macro-molecular protein being prepared using Animal Skin, bone, muscle or phosphorus as raw material, is a kind of common natural
Bioabsorbable polymer material, containing there are many features such as oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing functional group.When preparing porous carbon as presoma using biomass glue,
It can be template by using hard template, regulate and control the pore structure of carbon.But single hard template, which is difficult to realize prepare, has super large
The porous carbon of pore volume and abundant macroporous structure, and then it is difficult to realize the preparation of high sulfur content carbon sulphur composite material.
The content of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, we use biomass glue as presoma, are hard template using silica, using freezing
The method of in-situ preparation ice soft template, not only specific surface is big for the carbon material prepared, but also with larger pore volume, in lithium sulphur electricity
Effective space in the positive electrode of pond can be provided, to prepare the composite material of high sulfur content, and be sulphur in charge and discharge process
Volume expansion provide space.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials and lithium sulfur battery anode materials of preparing
Method, this method is using biomass glue as presoma, using silica and ice as template, by high temperature pyrolysis, prepares nitrogenous macropore
Hold the method for porous carbon materials, and prepare high sulfur content lithium sulfur battery anode material.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials, according to following steps into
Row：
(1) biomass glue-SiO2 colloidal sol preparation process：By the aqueous solution of biomass glue and silicon dioxde solution with certain matter
Amount percentage is uniformly mixed, and heating water bath and magnetic agitation obtain sol system.
(2) ice template preparation process：By uniformly mixed sol system precooling, double-template system is obtained；It carries out afterwards cold
It is lyophilized dry.
(3) carbonisation：Dried presoma is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere, pyrolysis carbonization obtains carbon materials
Material；
(4) silicon process：Gained silicon oxide carbide composite material is placed in aqueous slkali, impregnates silicon, then
It is washed with deionized water to neutrality.
(5) dry and post processing：Resulting materials in step 4) are subjected to forced air drying, then carry out dried material
Grinding, obtains nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials.
In the step (1), biomass glue has been used as raw material, has been prepared using ice and silica double-template method nitrogenous big
Pore volume porous carbon.Biomass glue used is gelatin or carragheen or pectin and its mixture, dioxy in silicon dioxde solution used
The particle size of SiClx is 18~100nm, and biomass gum concentration is 1wt%~20wt%, preferably 2wt%~10wt%；Dioxy
For SiClx with biomass mass ratio with being 0~10, preferably 0~5, bath temperature is 30 DEG C~100 DEG C, preferably 50 DEG C~70 DEG C；Water
The bath time is 12~48h, preferably 24~36h.
In the step (2), temperature is -10 DEG C~-40 DEG C when preparing ice template, and the time is 2~5h, passes through freeze-drying
Mode removes ice template, and drying temperature is -20 DEG C~-50 DEG C, and the time is for 24 hours~48h.
In the step (3), the temperature of carbonization is 500 DEG C~1400 DEG C, preferably 700 DEG C~900 DEG C；Carbonization time is
0.5~48h, preferably 2~6h.
In the step (4), the alkali of use can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or both mixing, concentration of lye
To use 2wt%~15wt%, preferably 4wt%~10wt%；Lye solvent be water/alcohol mixed solution, quality shared by ethyl alcohol
Ratio is 10wt%~70wt%, preferably 30wt%~50wt%；Silicon temperature be 50 DEG C~90 DEG C, preferably 60 DEG C~80
℃；The silicon time is 5h~36h, preferably 12h~for 24 hours.Vacuum drying temperature is 50 DEG C~80 DEG C.
A kind of application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials, the nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials are applied to prepare lithium sulphur
Cell positive material is as follows：
(1) sulphur carbon composite preparation process：Obtained carbon material with elemental sulfur is uniformly mixed, is placed in tube furnace,
In argon gas atmosphere, sulphur carbon composite is heat-treated to obtain.
(2) lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode preparation process：Gained sulphur carbon composite is mixed by a certain percentage with binding agent, conductive agent
It closes, slurry is made by solvent of n-methlpyrrolidone, is uniformly coated on utter misery aluminium foil, required lithium sulphur is obtained after dry
Cell positive material.
In the step (1), be heat-treated the temperature of first stage as 150 DEG C, processing time for 6~for 24 hours, preferably 10~
20h, second stage temperature are 300 DEG C, and processing time is 0.5~5h, preferably 2~4h；Sulphur contains in the sulphur carbon composite of preparation
It measures as 50%~90%, preferably 60%~80%.
Sulphur carbon composite, binding agent, the mass ratio of conductive agent are 8/1/1 or 7/2/1 in the step (2), described
Binding agent is：PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), the conductive agent are：AB (acetylene black) or VGCF (carbon fiber).
The present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art and material.
1. raw material biomass glue is a kind of common native biopolymer material, has and derive from a wealth of sources, containing there are many
The features such as oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing functional group.Ice template is removed by Freeze Drying Technique, the pore passage structure after ice distillation is obtained, uses
Silica in alkali cleaning carbon elimination-silica composite realizes ice and SiO2 bimodulus version effects, and then obtains big pore volume, compares table
Area is high, nitrogenous porous carbon materials.
It 2., can by the silica content and the solid content of sol system in modulation biomass colloid system using this method
To realize to the pore passage structure of carbon material and the Effective Regulation of pattern.Since biomass glue itself has abundant nitrogenous function
Group, and then the porous carbon materials of nitrogen-atoms modification can be obtained, realize the synchronization modulation to carbon material surface chemical property.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM figures of the gelatin carbon material prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the N2 adsorption graph of prepared gelatin carbon material.
Fig. 3 is the first charge-discharge graph of the nano-sulfur carbon composite anode material prepared by the present invention.
Specific implementation method
Below by example, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
By gelatin (10wt% solution) and equivalent SiO2(40wt% solution, grain size 18um) is mixed, and in 70 DEG C of water-baths
React 12h.Acquired solution is subjected to vacuum freeze drying after -40 DEG C of freezings, until dry complete.By dried block-shaped material
Material is placed in tube furnace under argon atmosphere, is warming up to 500 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, is maintained 48h.It is taken out after temperature is reduced to room temperature,
It is placed in the NaOH solution of 10wt% in 70 DEG C except silicon 12h, is then washed with deionized water to neutrality, and drying.It will be dried
Carbon material grind into powder.Obtained dusty material is characterized by SEM as shown in Figure 1, being porous fluffy state, by BET tables
The nitrogen adsorption desorption curve obtained is as shown in Fig. 2, with higher specific surface area and pore volume.By the carbon and elemental sulfur after grinding
With 1/4 mass ratio (sulfur content about 80%) after mixing, in tube furnace under argon atmosphere, 150 DEG C of processing 12h, then
300 DEG C of processing 2h are warming up to, obtain sulphur carbon composite.By sulphur carbon composite by 7/2/1 mass ratio and binding agent PVDF, lead
Electric agent AB mixing, is made slurry by solvent of n-methlpyrrolidone, is uniformly coated in carbon-coated aluminum foils, obtained after dry
Required lithium sulfur battery anode material.Its charging and discharging curve is as shown in figure 3, charging and discharging capacity is higher.
Embodiment 2
By pectin (1wt% solution) and 5 times of SiO2(40wt% solution, grain size 50um) is mixed, and anti-in 30 DEG C of water-baths
It should for 24 hours.Acquired solution is subjected to vacuum freeze drying after -10 DEG C of freezings, until dry complete.By dried bulk material
It is placed in tube furnace under argon atmosphere, is warming up to 900 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, maintains 2h.It takes out, puts after temperature is reduced to room temperature
Silicon is removed in 70 DEG C for 24 hours, be then washed with deionized water to neutrality in the NaOH solution of 15wt%, and it is dry.By dried carbon
Material grind into powder.Its SEM characterizations similar with Fig. 1 are porous fluffy shape, and BET is shown to be porous state, and pore volume is larger,
Numerical value is related to masterplate content.By the carbon after grinding and elemental sulfur with 1/1 mass ratio (sulfur content about 50%) after mixing,
In tube furnace under argon atmosphere, 150 DEG C of processing for 24 hours, then are warming up to 300 DEG C of processing 0.5h, obtain sulphur carbon composite.By sulphur
Carbon composite is mixed by 8/1/1 mass ratio with binding agent PVDF, conductive agent VGCF, using n-methlpyrrolidone as solvent
Slurry is made, is uniformly coated in carbon-coated aluminum foils, required lithium sulfur battery anode material is obtained after dry.Charging and discharging curve and figure
3 is close, numerical value difference.
Embodiment 3
By carragheen (20wt% solution) and 10 times of quality SiO2(40wt% solution, grain size 100um) is mixed, and in 100
48h is reacted in DEG C oil bath.Acquired solution is subjected to vacuum freeze drying after -20 DEG C of freezings, until dry complete.After dry
Bulk material be placed in tube furnace under argon atmosphere, be warming up to 1400 DEG C with 5 DEG C/min, maintain 0.5h.Treat that temperature is reduced to
It is taken out after room temperature, is placed in the NaOH solution of 10wt% and removes silicon for 24 hours in 70 DEG C, be then washed with deionized water to neutrality, and it is dry.
Its SEM characterizations similar with Fig. 1 are porous fluffy shape, and BET is shown to be porous state, and pore volume is larger, numerical value and masterplate content
It is related.By dried carbon material grind into powder.By the carbon after grinding, with 1/9 mass ratio, (sulfur content is about with elemental sulfur
90%) after mixing, in tube furnace under argon atmosphere, 150 DEG C of processing 6h, then 300 DEG C of processing 5h are warming up to, obtain sulphur carbon
Composite material.Sulphur carbon composite is mixed by 7/2/1 mass ratio with binding agent PVDF, conductive agent AB, with nitrogen-methylpyrrole
Slurry is made for solvent in alkanone, is uniformly coated in carbon-coated aluminum foils, and required lithium sulfur battery anode material is obtained after dry.Charge and discharge
Electric curve is approached with Fig. 3, numerical value difference.
Embodiment 4
By gelatin (10wt% solution) and it is not added with SiO2, and reacted for 24 hours in 70 DEG C of water-baths.By acquired solution at -40 DEG C
Vacuum freeze drying is carried out after freezing, until dry complete.Dried bulk material is placed in tube furnace in argon atmosphere
Under, 900 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min, maintains 4h.It takes out, is placed in the NaOH solution of 2wt% in 50 after temperature is reduced to room temperature
DEG C except silicon 36h, then it is washed with deionized water to neutrality, and it is dry.Its SEM characterizations are similar with Fig. 1 for porous fluffy shape, BET tables
Sign is shown to be porous state, and pore volume is larger, and numerical value is related to masterplate content.By dried carbon material grind into powder.It will grind
Carbon after mill and elemental sulfur with 1/4 mass ratio (sulfur content about 80%) after mixing, in tube furnace under argon atmosphere,
150 DEG C of processing 12h, then 300 DEG C of processing 2h are warming up to, obtain sulphur carbon composite.Sulphur carbon composite is pressed to 8/1/1 mass ratio
It is mixed with binding agent PVDF, conductive agent AB, slurry is made by solvent of n-methlpyrrolidone, be uniformly coated on and apply carbon aluminium
On paper tinsel, required lithium sulfur battery anode material is obtained after dry.Charging and discharging curve is approached with Fig. 3, numerical value difference.
Embodiment 5
By gelatin (8wt% solution) and 1.5 times of quality SiO2(40wt% solution) mixes, and is reacted in 70 DEG C of water-baths
12h.Acquired solution is subjected to vacuum freeze drying after -40 DEG C of freezings, until dry complete.Dried bulk material is put
In tube furnace under argon atmosphere, 900 DEG C are warming up to 5 DEG C/min, maintains 2h.It takes out, is placed in after temperature is reduced to room temperature
It is then washed with deionized water to neutrality, and drying except silicon 5h in 90 DEG C in the NaOH solution of 10wt%.Its SEM is characterized and Fig. 1 classes
It is seemingly porous fluffy shape, BET is shown to be porous state, and pore volume is larger, and numerical value is related to masterplate content.By dried carbon
Material grind into powder.By the carbon after grinding and elemental sulfur with 1/4 mass ratio (sulfur content about 80%) after mixing, Yu Guan
In formula stove under argon atmosphere, 150 DEG C of processing 12h, then 300 DEG C of processing 2h are warming up to, obtain sulphur carbon composite.Sulphur carbon is compound
Material is mixed by 8/1/1 mass ratio with binding agent PVDF, conductive agent VGCF, and slurry is made by solvent of n-methlpyrrolidone
Material, is uniformly coated in carbon-coated aluminum foils, and required lithium sulfur battery anode material is obtained after dry.Charging and discharging curve is approached with Fig. 3,
Numerical value difference.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials, it is characterised in that follow the steps below：
(1) biomass glue-SiO2Colloidal sol preparation process：By the aqueous solution of biomass glue and silicon dioxde solution with certain mass hundred
Point than being uniformly mixed, water or oil bath heating and magnetic agitation obtain sol system；
(2) ice template preparation process：By uniformly mixed sol system precooling, double-template system is obtained；It is dry that freezing is carried out afterwards
It is dry；
(3) carbonisation：Above-mentioned dried presoma is placed in tube furnace, in argon gas atmosphere, pyrolysis carbonization obtains carbon materials
Material；
(4) silicon process：Gained silicon oxide carbide composite material is placed in aqueous slkali, impregnates silicon, then spend
Ion is washed to neutrality；
(5) dry and post processing：Resulting materials in step 4) are subjected to forced air drying, then grind dried material
Mill, obtains nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials.
2. the preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the biomass
Glue is gelatin, carragheen or pectin and its mixture, in the silicon dioxde solution particle size of silica for 18~
100nm。
3. the preparation method according to claim 1 for preparing nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials, it is characterised in that the step
It is rapid 1) in, the concentration of biomass glue solution is 1wt%~20wt%；Silica is 0~10 with biomass glue mass ratio, water
Or oil bath temperature is 30 DEG C~100 DEG C,；Water bath time is 12~48h.
4. the preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1)
In, the preferred 2wt%~10wt% of concentration of biomass glue solution, silica and biomass glue mass ratio preferably 0~5, water
Preferably 50 DEG C~70 DEG C of bath temperature, water bath time are preferably 24~36h.
5. the preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3)
In, the temperature of carbonization is 500 DEG C~1400 DEG C；Carbonization time is 0.5~48h.
6. the preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3)
In, the temperature of carbonization is preferably 700 DEG C~900 DEG C；Carbonization time is preferably 2~6h.
7. the preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4)
In, the alkali of use is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or both mixing, and concentration of lye is using 2wt%~15wt%；Lye is molten
Agent is water/alcohol mixed solution, and mass ratio shared by ethyl alcohol is 10wt%~70wt%；Silicon temperature is 50 DEG C~90
℃；The silicon time is 5h~36h.
8. the preparation method of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step 4)
In, concentration of lye is preferred 4wt%~10wt%；Lye solvent is water/alcohol mixed solution, and mass ratio shared by ethyl alcohol is preferred
30wt%~50wt%；Silicon temperature is preferably 60 DEG C~80 DEG C；The silicon time is preferred 12h~for 24 hours.
9. the application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nitrogenous big pore volume
Porous carbon materials can be used for preparing lithium sulfur battery anode material, lithium ion battery negative material and ultracapacitor, can also
Other electroactive substances are supported using the porous charcoal of preparation, prepare carbon-based composite electrode material etc..It is used to prepare lithium sulphur electricity
Pond positive electrode is as follows：
(1) preparation of sulphur carbon composite：Nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials obtained with elemental sulfur are uniformly mixed, are placed in pipe
In formula stove, in argon gas atmosphere, sulphur carbon composite is heat-treated to obtain；
(2) preparation of lithium-sulphur cell positive electrode：Gained sulphur carbon composite is mixed by a certain percentage with binding agent, conductive agent, with
Slurry is made for solvent in n-methlpyrrolidone, is uniformly coated on utter misery aluminium foil, and required lithium-sulfur cell is being obtained after dry just
Pole material.
10. the application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 9, feature is in the step (1), institute
Stating heat treatment is specially：The temperature of first stage is 150 DEG C, processing time for 6~for 24 hours, second stage temperature is 300 DEG C, place
The reason time is 0.5~5h；Sulfur content is 50%~90% in the sulphur carbon composite of preparation.
11. the application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 9, feature is in the step (1), heat
The temperature of first stage is handled as 150 DEG C, processing time preferably 10~20h, second stage temperature is 300 DEG C, and processing time is excellent
Select 2~4h；Sulfur content is preferably 60%~80% in the sulphur carbon composite of preparation.
12. the application of nitrogenous big pore volume porous carbon materials according to claim 9, feature sulphur in the step (2)
Carbon composite, binding agent, the mass ratio of conductive agent are 8/1/1 or 7/2/1, and the binding agent is：Polyvinylidene fluoride, institute
Stating conductive agent is：Acetylene black or carbon fiber.
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| CN109243847A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-18 | 上海应用技术大学 | Three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon-coated NiMoO4/ redox graphene nanocomposite of one kind and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109637827B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-09-28 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Preparation method of nitrogen-containing porous carbon/manganese dioxide nanowire composite electrode |
| CN109860571A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-07 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Lithium sulfur battery anode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN109911879A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 北海艾米碳材料技术研发有限公司 | The manufacturing method of super-low resistivity storage porous carbon material |
| CN110148719A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-20 | 浙江大学 | The preparation method and applications of modification thin-walled multi-stage porous carbon for lithium-sulfur cell |
| CN111569824A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 河北工业大学 | Three-dimensional reticular hierarchical pore silicon dioxide heavy metal ion adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111569824B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-04-18 | 河北工业大学 | Three-dimensional reticular hierarchical pore silicon dioxide heavy metal ion adsorbent and preparation method thereof |
| CN112701266A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-23 | 江西昌河汽车有限责任公司 | Preparation method and application of porous carbon and sulfur composite material |
| CN114634171A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-17 | 东南大学 | Preparation method and application of biomass-based cage-shaped porous carbon based on ice template regulation and control |
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