CN108119480A - A kind of intelligent fastener and its monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of intelligent fastener and its monitoring system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108119480A CN108119480A CN201810059418.8A CN201810059418A CN108119480A CN 108119480 A CN108119480 A CN 108119480A CN 201810059418 A CN201810059418 A CN 201810059418A CN 108119480 A CN108119480 A CN 108119480A
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- fastener
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- intelligent fastener
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000205 computational method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of intelligent fasteners, including fastener body, it is characterized in that, the fastener body includes deformations and connecting portion, the deformations are connected with a measuring unit, when the fastener body is installed, the connecting portion drives the deformations to deform and then promotes measuring unit movement one displacement of generation.The invention also discloses a kind of monitoring systems of intelligent fastener.The intelligent fastener of the present invention can obtain the deformation quantity of deformations by the displacement that measuring unit measures, and then by manually calculating or predetermined formula extrapolates pretightning force, have the advantages that precision is high, result data compared with the pre-tight stress indicating bolt of the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fastener areas, more particularly to a kind of intelligent fastener and its monitoring system.
Background technology
Since the needs in production operation and manufacture, installation, maintenance, the convenience transported, equipment are often made detachably
Structure, flanged joint is most common Detachable connection structure.Flanged joint needs to meet strength of flange, rigidity and connection can
The requirement leaned on.Flanged joint relies on bolt presses flange, so, the great pretightning force of bolt is applied in advance, and flange is met
Requirements above has considerable effect.
At present, controlling the method for bolt pretightening has:Moment method, turn-nut method, hydraulic stretch method.Various method characteristics
It is as follows:
Moment method is to control pretightning force with measuring spanner for force moment, is domestic and international control pretightning force widely used for a long time
Method.Since it by torsion measures pretightning force indirectly, the different coefficient of friction of identical torsion corresponds to different pretightning forces.Institute
+/- more than 25% is reached with its error.
Turn-nut method is that bolt pair is first tightened to " being close to " position, then turns over certain angle, error +/- 15% with
On.It " is close to " the bad judgement in position, there is high requirement to the experience of personnel.
Hydraulic stretch method is that pretightning force when using bolt in elastic range controls.Error is +/- more than 10%.And make
Costly with trouble, the requirement to space is high, can only be used in special occasions.
Above method cannot all accurately control bolt pretightening very well.After equipment investment operation, bolted reality
When pretightning force state can not obtain.
For this purpose, there is Chinese patent Authorization Notice No. CN201925305U (authorized announcement date 2011.08.10) to disclose at present
A kind of pre-tight stress indicating bolt, but the bolt can only be that is, logical by the marker color of variation compared with Standard colour board
The strain value for crossing bolt determines the size for the pretightning force that bolt is born, and this determination methods error is big, is not suitable for high-precision
Occasion.
The content of the invention
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of intelligent fastener, the second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of intelligence
The monitoring system of energy fastener.
Following technical scheme may be employed to realize in technical problem solved by the invention:
A kind of intelligent fastener, including fastener body, the fastener body includes deformations and connecting portion, the shape
Change portion is connected with a measuring unit, when the fastener body is installed, the connecting portion drive the deformations deformation and then
Promote measuring unit movement one displacement of generation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring unit goes out the fastener according to the displacement measurement
The pretightning force of body.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the middle part of the fastener body be the deformations, the fastening
One end of part body is the connecting portion.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring unit includes measuring rod and displacement measuring device, described
Wherein one end end of fastener body is provided with axial hole to middle part, and the measuring rod is arranged in the axial hole, works as institute
When stating fastener body installation, the connecting portion drives the deformations to deform and then promotes the measuring rod movement generation one
Shifting amount, institute's displacement measurement device obtain the displacement.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, institute's displacement measurement device has corresponding with exogenous data receiving terminal
Wired or wireless signal emission module.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring rod and the axial hole are secure fit.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring rod is provided with close to one end outer surface of the connecting portion
External screw thread, the axial hole are provided with the internal thread with external screw thread cooperation close to one end inner surface of the connecting portion.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, match somebody with somebody between the measuring rod outer wall and the axial hole inner wall for gap
It closes, the measuring rod coordinates close to one end of the connecting portion and the axial hole close to the end thereof contacts of the connecting portion.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, institute's displacement measurement device be accurate displacement measuring instrument, the essence
The measuring staff of close displacement measuring instrument is as the measuring rod.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, institute's displacement measurement device is high accuracy displacement sensor.
The monitoring system of a kind of intelligent fastener, including the intelligent fastener as described in above-mentioned technical proposal and can be to institute
State the data handling system that the displacement acquired in intelligent fastener is handled.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the data handling system is to the position acquired in the intelligent fastener
The mode that shifting amount is handled include but not limited to the displacement be calculated the intelligent fastener pretightning force or
Display is directly acquired to the displacement.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the data handling system includes data receiver, data processor
And far-end server, the data receiver are connected with institute displacement measurement device, the data receiver send data to institute
It states data processor to be handled, the displacement data acquired in the intelligent fastener is converted into the preload of intelligent fastener
Power or the data directly displayed are sent again afterwards to the far-end server.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the far-end server is also connected with warning device, when the distal end
When server receives the displacement data that the intelligent fastener obtained and is more than pre-set value, the warning device sends police
Report.
As a result of technical solution as above, intelligent fastener of the invention can pass through the displacement of measuring unit measurement
It measures and obtains the deformation quantity of deformations, and then by manually calculating or predetermined formula extrapolates pretightning force, with the prior art
Pre-tight stress indicating bolt, which is compared, has the advantages that precision height, result data.And the preload force value measured can be led to
It crosses wired or wireless signal emission module to be transferred in far-end server, makees to pre-tighten force value on-line monitoring.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of a kind of structure diagram of embodiment of intelligent fastener of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure diagram of intelligent fastener another kind embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of a kind of structure diagram of embodiment of the monitoring system of intelligent fastener of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of structure diagram of the monitoring system another kind embodiment of intelligent fastener of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below into
One step illustrates the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of intelligent fastener shown in Figure 1, including fastener body, fastener body includes deformations and connection
Portion, deformations are connected with a measuring unit, and when fastener body is installed, connecting portion drives deformations to deform and then promotes to measure
Unit movement one displacement of generation, after obtaining the displacement, by manually calculating or predetermined formula extrapolates pretightning force.This
Fastener body in embodiment is bolt body 100, and bolt body 100 includes thread segment successively from first end to second end
110th, middle part light bar segment 120, head 130, the middle part light bar segment 120 of bolt body 100 are deformations, the one of bolt body 100
End thread segment 110 is connecting portion, and the head 130 of bolt body 100 is fixing end, so when fastener body is installed, bolt sheet
The cooperation of the connecting portion of body 100 and nut screws, and when nut is tightened to " being close to " position, then turns over certain angle, deformations can be sent out
Raw deformation.Certain fasteners such as bolt body or studs, screw.The head 130 of bolt body 100 is to bar portion
Middle part is provided with axial hole 140, axial hole can also be provided in the middle part of bar portion in the end of thread segment.In the present embodiment
Measuring unit includes measuring rod 200 and displacement measuring device 400, and measuring rod 200 is arranged in axial hole 140.
Measuring rod 200 in the present embodiment is provided with external screw thread 210, axial hole 140 close to one end outer surface of connecting portion
For stepped hole, certain gap is left in the hole of its upper part larger interior diameter with the middle part of measuring rod 200, and axial hole 140 is close to connection
One end inner surface in portion is provided with the internal thread 141 coordinated with external screw thread 210.Certainly between measuring rod 200 and axial hole 140 also
Have and fixed between other fixed form, such as the inner wall of the bottom of measuring rod 200 and axial hole 140 by glue.
The head of bolt body 100 is additionally provided with transparent protective cover 300, and transparent protective cover 300 is not by possessing signal shielding
The material of effect is made, and the inside of transparent protective cover 300 is avoided to form signal shielding region.300 inside of transparent protective cover is set
It is useful for inductively measuring the displacement measuring device 400 of the axial displacement of bar 200.
In order to enable the present invention possesses the function with communicating with external device interaction, displacement measuring device 400 has and the external world
The corresponding wired or wireless signal emission module of data receiver.Displacement measuring device 400 in the present embodiment is high-precision
Displacement sensor can bought on the market with wired or wireless signal emission module, be the prior art.
Embodiment 2
A kind of intelligent fastener shown in Figure 2, including fastener body, fastener body includes deformations and connection
Portion, deformations are connected with a measuring unit, and when fastener body is installed, connecting portion drives deformations to deform and then promotes to measure
Unit movement one displacement of generation, after obtaining the displacement, by manually calculating or predetermined formula extrapolates pretightning force.This
Fastener body in embodiment is bolt body 100, and bolt body 100 includes thread segment successively from first end to second end
110th, middle part light bar segment 120, head 130, the middle part light bar segment 120 of bolt body 100 are deformations, the one of bolt body 100
End thread segment 110 is connecting portion, and the head 130 of bolt body 100 is fixing end, so when fastener body is installed, bolt sheet
The cooperation of the connecting portion of body 100 and nut screws, and when nut is tightened to " being close to " position, then turns over certain angle, deformations can be sent out
Raw deformation.Certain fasteners such as bolt body or studs, screw.The head 130 of bolt body 100 is to bar portion
Middle part is provided with axial hole 140, axial hole can also be provided in the middle part of bar portion in the end of thread segment.In the present embodiment
Measuring unit includes measuring rod 200 and displacement measuring device 400, and measuring rod 200 is arranged in axial hole 140.
Measuring rod 200 and axial hole 140 in the present embodiment are clearance fit, and the bottom of axial hole 140 is arranged to blind hole
Structure or undergauge structure so that the bottom of measuring rod 200 coordinates with the interior end in contact /V of axial hole 140.
The head of bolt body 100 is additionally provided with transparent protective cover 300, and transparent protective cover 300 is not by possessing signal shielding
The material of effect is made, and the inside of transparent protective cover 300 is avoided to form signal shielding region.300 inside of transparent protective cover is set
It is useful for inductively measuring the displacement measuring device 400 of the axial displacement of bar 200.Displacement measuring device 400 in the present embodiment
Can be accurate displacement measuring instrument, such as dial gauge or amesdial, the measuring staff of accurate displacement measuring instrument is as measuring rod
200, so the axial displacement that measuring rod 200 generates can directly be read by accurate displacement measuring instrument.
Embodiment 3
The monitoring system of a kind of intelligent fastener shown in Figure 3, including at least just like the intelligence in above-described embodiment 1
Fastener and the data handling system that the displacement acquired in intelligent fastener can be handled.Data handling system is to intelligence
The mode that displacement acquired in energy fastener is handled includes but not limited to be calculated intelligence tightly to the displacement
The pretightning force of firmware directly acquires display to the displacement.
Data handling system in the present embodiment includes data receiver 500, data processor 600 and far-end server
700, data receiver 500 is connected with displacement measuring device 400 by wired or wireless way, and data receiver 500 is by data
It send to data processor 600 and is handled, the displacement data acquired in intelligent fastener is converted into the pre- of intelligent fastener
Clamp force or the data directly displayed are sent afterwards to far-end server 700, can be carried out at this time by far-end server 700 again
On-line monitoring.Intelligent fastener in the present embodiment can be multiple or one.The computational methods of data processor 600 are adopted
With a kind of measuring method of the pretightning force of intelligent fastener described as follows.
In order to enable the present invention sends alarm in real time, the far-end server 700 in the present embodiment also connects with warning device 800
It connects, when the pretightning force that far-end server 700 receives intelligent fastener is more than pre-set value, warning device 800 sends alarm.
During work, when the connecting portion to bolt body 100 applies pretightning force, the middle part light bar segment 120 of bolt body 100
(i.e. deformations) can occur to stretch (as shown in arrow direction in Fig. 3), due to the axial hole 140 and measuring rod of bolt body 100
200 are fixedly connected, and then measuring rod 200 is driven to generate axial displacement, and displacement measuring device 400 at this time can gather measurement
The axial displacement that bar 200 generates, data receiver 500 is receiving the wired or wireless signal transmitting module of intelligent fastener
Data are sent to data processor 600 and handled by the axial displacement data of the measuring rod sent, data receiver 500, will
The data that the axial displacement data of measuring rod 200 are converted into the pretightning force of intelligent fastener or directly display, send again afterwards
It is monitored on-line to far-end server 700.
Embodiment 4
The monitoring system of a kind of intelligent fastener shown in Figure 4, including at least just like the intelligence in above-described embodiment 2
Fastener and the data handling system that the displacement acquired in intelligent fastener can be handled.Data handling system is to intelligence
The mode that displacement acquired in energy fastener is handled includes but not limited to be calculated intelligence tightly to the displacement
The pretightning force of firmware directly acquires display to the displacement.
Data handling system in the present embodiment includes data receiver 500, data processor 600 and far-end server
700, data receiver 500 is connected with displacement measuring device 400 by wired or wireless way, and data receiver 500 is by data
It send to data processor 600 and is handled, the displacement data acquired in intelligent fastener is converted into the pre- of intelligent fastener
Clamp force or the data directly displayed are sent afterwards to far-end server 700, can be carried out at this time by far-end server 700 again
On-line monitoring.Intelligent fastener in the present embodiment can be multiple or one.The computational methods of data processor 600 are adopted
With a kind of measuring method of the pretightning force of intelligent fastener described as follows.
In order to enable the present invention sends alarm in real time, the far-end server 700 in the present embodiment also connects with warning device 800
It connects, when the pretightning force that far-end server 700 receives intelligent fastener is more than pre-set value, warning device 800 sends alarm.
During work, when the connecting portion to bolt body 100 applies pretightning force, the middle part light bar segment 120 of bolt body 100
(i.e. deformations) can occur to stretch (as shown in arrow direction in Fig. 4), due to the axial hole 140 and measuring rod of bolt body 100
200 gaps connect, and the bottom of measuring rod 200 is pressed on 140 bottom of axial hole always, and measuring rod 200 can generate an axis
To displacement, displacement measuring device 400 at this time can gather the axial displacement that measuring rod 200 generates, data receiver 500
To the axial displacement data for the measuring rod that the wired or wireless signal transmitting module for receiving intelligent fastener is sent, data connect
Data are sent to data processor 600 and handled by receiving end 500, and the axial displacement data of measuring rod 200 are converted into intelligence
The pretightning force of fastener or the data directly displayed are sent again to far-end server 700 monitored on-line afterwards.
A kind of measuring method of the pretightning force of intelligent fastener, includes the following steps:
1) the axial displacement △ L of the measuring rod measured by the measuring unit of such as above-mentioned technical proposal are obtained;
2) axial displacement △ L are substituted into equation below:
F=E × A × △ L/L, (1)
Wherein, F is the pretightning force of intelligent fastener, and E is bolt body elasticity modulus of materials, and A is the middle part of bolt body
The radial section product of light bar segment, L is the total length of bolt body, and E, A, L are Fixed constant.
The derivation of above-mentioned formula (1) is as follows:
According to the intrinsic formula of tensile stress:
σ=E × △ L/L (2)
σ=F/A (3)
Wherein, σ is the tensile stress of bolt, and E is bolt body elasticity modulus of materials, and A is the middle part polished rod of bolt body
The radial section product of section, △ L are the axial displacement of the measuring rod measured by measuring unit, and L is the total length of bolt body,
F is the pretightning force of fastener.Formula (1) is can obtain according to formula (2), (3):
F=E × A × △ L/L, (1)
It since characteristic parameter E, A, L of bolt are Fixed constant, is understood according to formula (1), measures measuring unit survey
The axial displacement △ L for the measuring rod measured can just calculate the pretightning force F of fastener according to formula (1).
The basic principles, main features and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of intelligent fastener, including fastener body, which is characterized in that the fastener body includes deformations and connection
Portion, the deformations are connected with a measuring unit, and when the fastener body is installed, the connecting portion drives the deformations
It deforms and then promotes measuring unit movement one displacement of generation.
2. a kind of intelligent fastener as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the measuring unit is measured according to the displacement
Measure the pretightning force of the fastener body.
3. a kind of intelligent fastener as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the middle part of the fastener body is the shape
Change portion, one end of the fastener body is the connecting portion.
4. a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the measuring unit includes measuring rod and displacement
Measuring device, wherein one end end of the fastener body are provided with axial hole to middle part, and the measuring rod is arranged on described
In axial hole, when the fastener body is installed, the connecting portion drives the deformations to deform and then promotes the measurement
Bar movement one displacement of generation, institute's displacement measurement device obtain the displacement.
5. a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that institute's displacement measurement device has and extraneous number
According to the corresponding wired or wireless signal emission module of receiving terminal.
6. a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the measuring rod is fixation with the axial hole
Cooperation.
7. a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the measuring rod is close to the one of the connecting portion
End outer surface is provided with external screw thread, and the axial hole is provided with close to one end inner surface of the connecting portion matches somebody with somebody with the external screw thread
The internal thread of conjunction.
8. a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in the measuring rod outer wall and the axial hole
It is clearance fit between wall, the measuring rod is close to one end of the connecting portion and the axial hole close to the one of the connecting portion
End in contact coordinates.
9. a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that institute's displacement measurement device is surveyed for accurate displacement
Measuring appratus, the measuring staff of the accurate displacement measuring instrument is as the measuring rod.
A kind of 10. intelligent fastener as described in claim 4 to 8 any claim, which is characterized in that institute's displacement measurement
Device is high accuracy displacement sensor.
11. the monitoring system of a kind of intelligent fastener, which is characterized in that including as described in claim 1-10 any claims
Intelligent fastener and the data handling system that the displacement acquired in the intelligent fastener can be handled.
A kind of 12. monitoring system of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that the data handling system
The mode handled the displacement acquired in the intelligent fastener includes but not limited to the displacement calculate
Go out the pretightning force of the intelligent fastener or display is directly acquired to the displacement.
A kind of 13. monitoring system of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 12, which is characterized in that the data handling system
Including data receiver, data processor and far-end server, the data receiver is connected with institute displacement measurement device, institute
It states data receiver and send data to the data processor and handle, by the displacement number acquired in the intelligent fastener
According to the data for being converted into the pretightning force of intelligent fastener or directly displaying, sent again afterwards to the far-end server.
14. the monitoring system of a kind of intelligent fastener as claimed in claim 13, which is characterized in that the far-end server is also
It is connected with warning device, is more than default when the far-end server receives the displacement data that the intelligent fastener obtained
During definite value, the warning device sends alarm.
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CN110273909A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-09-24 | 上海应谱科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent fastener and on-line monitoring system that can perceive fastener nut loosening |
CN111721181A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-09-29 | 中核核电运行管理有限公司 | Bolt group pre-tightening data measurement and wireless acquisition device, system and method |
CN113340506A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Turbine pump shafting pretightning force detection device |
CN114294312A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-08 | 四川精诚能源设备有限公司 | Anti-loosening super bolt |
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CN108571504A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-25 | 上海威纳工程技术有限公司 | Accurate pretension bolt |
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