CN108118358B - Method for producing hydrogen by decomposing water in separated mode through photosynthesis and (photoelectrocatalysis) combined system - Google Patents
Method for producing hydrogen by decomposing water in separated mode through photosynthesis and (photoelectrocatalysis) combined system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108118358B CN108118358B CN201611070004.2A CN201611070004A CN108118358B CN 108118358 B CN108118358 B CN 108118358B CN 201611070004 A CN201611070004 A CN 201611070004A CN 108118358 B CN108118358 B CN 108118358B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating decomposed water by combining natural biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis. The method uses light system II enzyme of microalgae to oxidize water by utilizing solar photosynthesis to release oxygen, reduces an added chemical electron carrier, stores and transports the carrier for storing electrons and electrolyte solution of protons to a (photo) electro-catalysis system for producing hydrogen. In the (photo) electrolytic cell, the electron carrier is oxidized at the anode to release electrons, the cathode combines with protons to generate hydrogen, and the electrolyte solution is returned to the photosynthesis system for recycling after the hydrogen is collected. The method designs the biological water oxidation reaction and the electrochemical proton reduction reaction into relatively independent systems to produce hydrogen and oxygen in a spatially separated manner, thereby solving the problem of H2And O2The gas separation problem, and the comprehensive utilization of solar energy and electric energy is achieved by combining the biological photosynthesis and the artificial photoelectrochemical process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar fuel production through solar photochemical conversion, and particularly relates to a method for producing hydrogen by decomposing water in a separated mode through a photosynthesis- (photo) electro-catalysis combined system.
Background
With the increasing development of human society, the energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the consumption of traditional fossil fuels seriously threaten the sustainable development of human beings, and the development of clean renewable energy sources is urgent. Among many clean energy forms, solar energy has the advantages of inexhaustibility, cleanness, no pollution, wide distribution and the like, and the conversion of the solar energy into clean fuel capable of being stored and transported is one of the ways for utilizing the solar energy. And hydrogen energy as another clean energy form has the advantages of high combustion heat value and zero emission. Therefore, the production of clean hydrogen fuel by photocatalytic decomposition of water using solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies.
In nature, higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria use solar energy for photosynthesis, achieve water oxidation and carbon dioxide reduction under mild conditions, convert solar energy into chemical energy and store the chemical energy in biomass. At present, microalgae energy sources and parts of hybrid devices of the photosynthesis enzyme extracted and separated from plants have potential application values.
The microalgae has the characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency, easy culture and the like, and is one of the research hotspots in the field of converting solar energy into chemical and biological energy. The hydrogen production by water decomposition by solar energy can be realized by part of cyanobacteria and microalgae, the process mainly comprises the steps that electrons and protons generated by oxidizing water by oxygen-releasing photosynthetic organisms generate hydrogen through hydrogenase or nitrogenase, but in the process, the hydrogenase is easy to inactivate in an oxygen atmosphere, and the difficulty is not well solved at present and becomes a bottleneck of the photosynthetic hydrogen production by the microalgae (Plant biotechnol.J.,2016,14, 1487-. However, microalgae or isolated enzymes of the photosynthetic system are partially transferred from biological cells (enzymes) by artificial intervention method using the reducing power (electrons and protons) generated by solar energy water splitting, stored in artificial energy carriers, and then reduced by artificial electrochemical or photoelectrochemical method to generate hydrogen, which is an ideal way for constructing solar energy water splitting hydrogen.
At present, the coupling of microalgae or photosynthetic system II with photoelectrochemical cells to achieve solar water splitting is still rare, and patent application (patent No. 201310322416.0) by Chenjun and Lispang et al reports a photosystem II enzyme and semi-enzymeA method for preparing hydrogen by photocatalytic water decomposition of a conductor nano material hybrid system is characterized in that the hybrid system utilizes sunlight to decompose water in an aqueous solution to generate hydrogen and oxygen. Kato et al reported a photo-anode, which uses PSII enzyme separated and extracted from cyanobacteria as water oxidation material, and assembles PSII in porous conductive glass ITO to form a biological photo-anode, under the condition of applying a certain bias voltage, the red light irradiates the water oxidation current to be 1.6 +/-0.3 muA cm-2(J.Am.chem.Soc.,2012,134, 8332-8335). Chenmegaan et al prepared a biological photo-anode on a flat porous substrate on which microalgae were immobilized, added an electron mediator directly into an electrochemical cell, and applied a certain voltage between the electrodes to achieve photobiological oxidation of water and hydrogen generation at the cathode (patent No. 201110404949.4). Alisaitair J.McCormick et al reported a biological photoelectrolysis cell system, the biological anode was composed of cyanobacteria synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 and potassium ferricyanide, and the maximum hydrogen production rate of the system was 0.68mmol H under the voltage of 1V2[mol Chl-1]s-1(Energy Environ.Sci.,2013,6,2682-2690)。
However, the construction of the photocatalytic system and the photoelectrocatalytic system in the above reports is based on a hybrid material separating the photosystem II enzyme and the inorganic material, and there are several problems as follows:
(1) photosystem II enzymes isolated from plants bind to inorganic materials and tend to inactivate the enzymes.
(2) The microalgae is fixed on the electrode substrate, and the system is complex, so that the activity of the microalgae is freely reduced, and the reaction efficiency is low.
(3) Microalgae and photosystem II enzyme are directly combined with an electrochemical system, electrons and protons generated by oxidation of photosynthetic water react under low concentration due to the fact that the electrons and the protons cannot be enriched, the photocurrent density is low, and the energy consumption is increased.
(4) The photocatalytic system produces mixed hydrogen and oxygen, which is not easy to separate and difficult to collect high-purity oxygen and hydrogen in a centralized manner.
Therefore, how to use photosynthesis performed by a photosynthetic organism source system to construct an efficient solar water splitting system still faces many challenges, the invention combines the advantages of the biological photosynthesis and an artificial photo (electro) catalytic material system from a new angle and thought to construct a separated water splitting hydrogen production method, and solves the problems that organisms cannot replicate and grow by themselves in the process of photosynthetic hydrogen production, solar fuel is collected in a centralized manner and the like. The method is simple and efficient, separates hydrogen from oxygen, is easy to operate, and has industrial application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing hydrogen by decomposing water in a separated manner by a photosynthesis- (photo) electrocatalysis combined system
The invention uses the photosynthesis of the microalgae by sunlight or an artificial light source to oxidize water to release oxygen, stores the generated electrons and protons in an electrolyte solution containing an electron carrier, then collects and transports the electrolyte solution to a (photo) electro-catalysis system to produce hydrogen, the electron carrier generates oxidation reaction at an anode, a cathode combines the protons to generate hydrogen, and the oxygen and the hydrogen are completely separated and generated in time and space (see figure 1), and the basic process is as follows:
(1) biological photosynthesis:
2H2O→O2+4H++4e-
Mp++ne-→Mq+(p＞q)
(2) photoelectrochemical hydrogen production:
Mq++2H+→Mp++H2(q＞p)
the invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating decomposed water by combining natural biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating water decomposition by combining biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electro-catalysis, wherein microalgae is one or more of golden algae, nannochloropsis, spirulina, chlorella and blue algae, and the density of the microalgae is 3 million-2 hundred million cells/ml. The photosystem II is derived from higher plants, microalgae, aquatic plants and the like.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating decomposed water by combining natural biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis, wherein electrons and protons generated by the reaction of oxidizing water by photosynthesis are stored in an electrolyte solution containing an electron carrier.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating and decomposing water through biological source photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis combined, wherein an electron carrier in an electrolyte solution is one or more of potassium ferricyanide (0-100mM), quinone molecular compounds (0-50mM), methyl violet crystals (0-50mM) and cobalt-based molecular complexes (0-100 mM).
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating water decomposition by combining natural biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating decomposed water through natural biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating water decomposition by combining biological source photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electro-catalysis, wherein a light source in the culture of microalgae, the photosynthetic reaction of the microalgae and an electron carrier and the photoelectrochemical reaction is any one or combination of natural sunlight or light emitted by xenon lamps, halogen lamps, LEDs and the like, daily fluorescent lamps and solar simulators under indoor and special conditions.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating water decomposition by combining biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis. The cathode material is a platinum electrode and a modified carbon paper electrode, and the cathode reduces protons to generate hydrogen. The anode tank and the cathode tank are separated by selectively permeable membrane materials such as a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, a ceramic membrane, a dialysis membrane and the like.
The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen by separating decomposed water by combining biogenic photosynthesis and artificial (photo) electrocatalysis, wherein an electrolyte solution is seawater or tap water containing one or more of phosphate (10-100mM), nitrate (10-100mM), sodium chloride (10-500mM), iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium metal salts (0.01-10mM), and the pH can be in the range of 2-12 according to different systems. The applied voltage of the photoelectrochemical system is a direct current voltage of 0-1.23V.
The method designs the biological water oxidation reaction and the electrochemical proton reduction reaction into relatively independent systems to produce hydrogen and oxygen in a spatially separated manner, thereby solving the problem of H2And O2The gas separation problem, and the comprehensive utilization of solar energy and electric energy is achieved by combining the biological photosynthesis and the artificial photoelectrochemical process. By using the hydrogen production method, 100L of seawater algae solution is used as a reaction unit, about 3000 kg of hydrogen per hectare is produced in one year (300 days), and the hydrogen production amount is more than 2 times of that of the microalgae hydrogen production technology reported internationally at present. The invention has the characteristics of low catalyst material cost, no need of hydrogen and oxygen separation, sustainable production of high-purity oxygen and hydrogen and the like, and provides a new way for solar fuel production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a separated water splitting hydrogen production method combining biogenic photosynthesis and artificial photo (electro) catalysis;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the technical scheme
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the time course of the activity of the chlorella aurantiaca in the photosynthesis of oxidizing water to reduce potassium ferricyanide;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the time course of photo-reduction of potassium ferricyanide activity by different light intensities of chrysophyceae;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the photo-reduction activity time of potassium ferricyanide in different cell densities of chrysophyceae;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the time course of the activity of flat algae in photosynthesis to reduce potassium ferricyanide by oxidizing water;
FIG. 7 is a graph of voltage versus time for electrochemical oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide with carbon and platinum electrodes;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the activity of potassium ferrocyanide at different concentrations on electrocatalytic hydrogen production;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the current-time curve of a silicon-based photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide to produce hydrogen;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the activity time of a silicon-based photoanode for photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide to produce hydrogen
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the cycle time of potassium ferricyanide reduction by chrysophyceae;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the activity of chrysophytes on reducing potassium ferricyanide in different seasons and weather.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Example 1
This example evaluates the activity of Haematococcus Zhanjiangensis in the reduction of potassium ferricyanide by the photosynthetic oxidation of water.
Stirring 20 ml of Zhenjiang Henjiang with bathing density of 5 million cells/ml in a reactor, adding 5mM potassium ferricyanide seawater solution, and irradiating at room temperature with light intensity of 300E/m2s-1The fluorescent lamp is used for light source illumination, potassium ferricyanide is reduced by photosynthesis to generate potassium ferrocyanide, the content of electric pair concentration after illumination for a certain time is analyzed by ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum, and the reaction result is shown in figure 3.
Example 2
This example evaluates the effect of the intensity of incident light on the activity of potassium ferricyanide reduction by photosynthesis of dinoflagellate such as Zhanjiang.
20 ml of Zhenjiang and other liverworts with the bath density of 5 million cells/ml are taken to be stirred in a reactor, 5mM of potassium ferricyanide seawater solution is added, a fluorescent lamp light source is controlled to irradiate the reaction system with different light intensities at room temperature, potassium ferricyanide is reduced by photosynthesis to generate potassium ferrocyanide, the content of electric pair concentration after the irradiation for a certain time is analyzed by ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum, and the reaction result is shown in figure 4.
Example 3
This example evaluates the effect of algal density on the activity of potassium ferricyanide reduction by photosynthetic water oxidation of dinoflagellate such as Zhanjiang.
Culturing Zhanjiang Heijinjin bathing under the same conditions to certain algae density, stirring 20 ml in reactor, adding 5mM potassium ferricyanide seawater solution, and culturing at room temperature with light intensity of 300 μ E/m2s-1The fluorescent lamp is a reaction system irradiated by light source, potassium ferricyanide is reduced by photosynthesis to generate potassium ferrocyanide, the content of electric pair concentration after illumination for a certain time is analyzed by ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum, and the reaction result is shown in figure 5.
Example 4
This example evaluates the activity of Tetraselmis photosynthesis in oxidizing water to reduce potassium ferricyanide.
Stirring 20 ml of Platymonas having a cell density of 5 million cells/ml in a reactor, adding 5mM potassium ferricyanide in seawater, and irradiating at room temperature with light intensity of 300 μ E/m2s-1The fluorescent lamp is used for light source illumination, potassium ferricyanide is reduced by photosynthesis to generate potassium ferrocyanide, the content of electric pair concentration after illumination for a certain time is analyzed by ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum, and the reaction result is shown in figure 6.
Example 5
This example evaluates the effect of carbon and platinum electrodes on operating voltage for the electrocatalytic oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide to produce hydrogen.
In a 14mL two-electrode electrolytic cell, a carbon electrode or a platinum electrode is used as a working electrode, the other platinum electrode is used as a counter electrode, the middle part is separated by a proton exchange membrane, 10mM potassium ferrocyanide is added into 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH,7.0), and the change of electrolytic voltage along with the electrolytic process is examined. The results are shown in FIG. 7.
Example 6
This example evaluates the effect of varying potassium ferrocyanide concentration on the activity of electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
In a 14mL two-electrode electrolytic cell, a carbon electrode is used as a working electrode, a platinum electrode is used as a counter electrode, the middle part is separated by a proton exchange membrane, potassium ferrocyanide with different concentrations is added into a 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH,7.0), and the activity of electrocatalytic hydrogen production of the electrolytic cell is examined. The results are shown in FIG. 8.
Example 7
This example evaluates the activity of potassium ferrocyanide oxide in a photoelectrocatalytic reaction tank formed by a silicon-based photoanode on hydrogen production by an electrode.
In a 50mL two-electrode electrolytic cell, the working current of the photoelectrolysis cell and the activity and efficiency of hydrogen production are examined by taking an indium-doped tin oxide and titanium dioxide surface-modified n-type silicon as a photoanode, a platinum electrode as a counter electrode and a proton exchange membrane as a middle part, adding 200mM potassium ferrocyanide into 0.5M potassium chloride electrolyte and taking a 300W xenon lamp as a light source. The results are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
Example 8
This example evaluates the activity of seaweed in reducing potassium ferricyanide for recycling.
In 50mL of a Chrysophyta alga solution (algal cell density: 5000N/mL) was added potassium ferricyanide solution at a concentration of about 5mM each time, the algal cells reduced potassium ferricyanide to produce potassium ferrocyanide, the amount of reduction of the reaction ferric ferricyanide was quantified by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, and the reaction results used in cycle 3 are shown in FIG. 12.
Example 9
This example evaluates the activity of seaweed on reducing potassium ferricyanide in real outdoor conditions in different seasons and weather.
Potassium ferricyanide solution with the concentration of 10mM is added into 500mL of chrysophyceae algae solution (with the density of the algae cells being 5000 ten thousand per milliliter), the algae cells reduce the potassium ferricyanide to generate potassium ferrocyanide under the illumination of the sun, the ferric ferrocyanide generated by the reaction is quantified by an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, and the reaction result is shown in figure 12.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing hydrogen by decomposing water in a separated way by a system combining photosynthesis and photoelectricity or electrocatalysis, which utilizes the photosynthesis of a natural biological source and the separated hydrogen production by decomposing water in a separated way combining artificial photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of utilizing the oxidizing water function of microalgae cells to oxidize water under the action of sunlight and/or artificial light sources to release oxygen, storing generated electrons and protons in electrolyte solution containing an electron carrier, collecting and transporting the electrolyte solution to a photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis system to produce hydrogen, enabling the electron carrier to generate oxidation reaction at an anode, combining the protons at a cathode to generate hydrogen, and separating oxygen and hydrogen to generate hydrogen.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the natural biological source photosynthesis water oxidation material is from microalgae.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the microalgae is one or more of chrysophyceae, nannochloropsis, spirulina, chlorella and blue algae, and the density of the microalgae is 0.1 million-2 hundred million cells/ml.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: electrons and protons generated by the photosynthetic oxidation of water are stored in an electrolyte solution containing an electron carrier; the electronic carrier added in the electrolyte solution is one or more than two of potassium ferricyanide with the concentration of 1-100mM, quinone molecular compounds with the concentration of 1-50 mM, methyl violet crystal with the concentration of 1-50 mM and cobalt-based molecular complex with the concentration of 1-100mM, and the total molar concentration of all the electronic carriers is 1-500 mM.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the light source in the culture of the microalgae, the photosynthetic reaction of the microalgae and the electronic carrier and the photoelectrochemical reaction is any one or the combination of more than two of natural sunlight or light emitted by a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, an LED lamp, a daily fluorescent lamp and a solar simulator in a room or under special conditions.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in a photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis system, an anode material is one of a platinum electrode, modified carbon paper and fluorine and/or indium doped tin oxide (FTO and/or ITO) glass, and an electronic carrier generates an oxidation reaction at the anode;
in a photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis system, a cathode material is one of a platinum electrode, a modified carbon paper electrode and surface modified silicon (Si), and the cathode reduces protons to generate hydrogen;
in the photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis system, an anode groove where an anode is positioned and a cathode groove where a cathode is positioned are separated by one of a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane and a ceramic membrane.
7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the microalgae culture medium comprises phosphate with the concentration of 10-100mM, nitrate with the concentration of 10-100mM, sodium chloride with the concentration of 10-500mM, iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium metal salts, and one or more than two kinds of seawater and/or water with the concentration of 0.01-10mM, wherein the pH is in the range of 2-12 according to different systems.
8. The method of claim 1 or 6, wherein: the applied voltage of the electric or photoelectrochemical system is a direct current voltage of 0-1.23V.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the microalgae cells and the solution in the photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis system are both electrolyte solution containing electronic carriers.
10. A method according to claim 1 or 9, characterized by:
electrolyte solution containing electronic carriers circularly flows between microalgae cells and a photoelectrocatalysis or electrocatalysis system through a water pump.
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