CN108110802B - Grid-connected power control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a grid-connected power control method, which comprises the following steps: s1, calculating instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter; s2, inputting the instantaneous active power into a reference quantity as a preset PI regulator of grid-connected active power, and outputting current active component; inputting the instantaneous reactive power into a PI regulator with reference quantity as preset grid-connected reactive power, and outputting reactive component of current; s3, calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase; and S4, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current, wherein the control system is used for controlling grid-connected power. According to the grid-connected power control method provided by the invention, the inner ring reference current is constructed through the grid-connected power outer ring control of the instantaneous power, so that the steady-state precision and the dynamic performance of the grid-connected power control are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-grid connection, in particular to a grid-connected power control method.
Background
Based on the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection, a large amount of distributed power supplies and micro-grids are connected to a power distribution network and become important components of the power distribution network. The micro-grid is directly connected to the power distribution network, the structure of the power distribution network and the trend flow direction can be changed, and the traditional relay protection device relying on overcurrent time limit matching is caused to malfunction or fail to operate. As a key technology in the field of microgrid control, control and management of inverters are also subjects worthy of intensive research. The method solves the problem how to effectively control the grid-connected power of the microgrid inverter on the premise of not influencing the stable operation of the power distribution network, and is beneficial to improving the safety and stability of the microgrid when the microgrid is connected into the power distribution network.
At present, the output voltage of a current control type inverter in a grid-connected mode is controlled by the voltage of a power grid, and the grid-connected power is disturbed by the fluctuation of the voltage of the power grid when the grid-connected power is controlled by only a single current loop, so that the control of the grid-connected power is deviated. In order to improve the stability and the accuracy of grid-connected power control, on the basis of current closed-loop control, grid voltage feedforward control is added to counteract the disturbance influence of grid voltage on output current. The inductive current inner loop control method based on the power grid voltage feedforward ensures the stability and the strong robustness of a grid-connected system.
However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of the distributed power grid, how to further improve the precision and the dynamic performance of grid-connected power control becomes a new research hotspot in the field of micro-grid connection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a grid-connected power control method for solving the problems in the prior art.
On one hand, the invention provides a grid-connected power control method, which comprises the following steps: s1, calculating instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter; s2, inputting the instantaneous active power into a reference quantity as a preset PI regulator of grid-connected active power, and outputting current active component; inputting the instantaneous reactive power into a PI regulator with reference quantity as preset grid-connected reactive power, and outputting reactive component of current; s3, calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase; and S4, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current, wherein the control system is used for controlling grid-connected power.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes S11 of converting the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current into a α -axis voltage component, a β -axis voltage component, a α -axis current component and a β -axis current component in a α - β coordinate system, and S12 of obtaining instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power according to the α -axis voltage component, the β -axis voltage component, the α -axis current component and the β -axis current component by the following formula:
wherein P is instantaneous active power, Q is instantaneous reactive power, vαIs the α axis voltage component, vβIs β Axis Voltage component, iαIs α Axis Current component, iβIs an β axis current component.
Preferably, the step S11 further includes applying generalized second-order integral, respectively taking the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current as a α -axis voltage component and a α -axis current component, and correspondingly obtaining a β -axis voltage component and a β -axis current component according to the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current.
Preferably, the steps S1 and S2 further include: and respectively inputting the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power into a low-pass filter for filtering.
Preferably, the step S3 further includes: calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase according to the following formula:
iref＝ipcosθg+iqsinθg
wherein irefAs a reference current, ipAs a current active component, iqFor reactive component of current, θgIs the grid-connected voltage phase.
Preferably, the grid-connected voltage phase is obtained by applying a phase-locked loop.
Preferably, the low-pass filter is a first-order low-pass filter, and a transfer function of the low-pass filter is:
wherein, ω is1Is the cut-off frequency.
Preferably, the transfer function of the grid-connected voltage feedforward-based inductive current inner loop control system is as follows:
wherein L is a filter inductor of the output end of the grid-connected inverter, iLFor filtering the inductor current, Gc(s) is a current controller, r is an equivalent resistance, GPWM(s) is a PWM controller, irefIs a reference current, vgFor grid-connected voltage, H2(s) is a closed loop transfer function of the reference current to the output current, YO(s) is the equivalent output admittance of the grid-connected inverter, iOIs the grid-connected current.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a grid-connected power control apparatus, including: at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein: the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, which when called by the processor are capable of performing the method as previously described.
In yet another aspect, the invention features a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that cause the computer to perform the method as previously described.
According to the grid-connected power control method provided by the invention, the inner loop reference current instruction is constructed through the grid-connected power outer loop control of the instantaneous power, and the steady-state precision and the dynamic performance of the grid-connected power control are further improved on the basis of the inductive current inner loop control based on the voltage feedforward of the power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a single-phase full-bridge inverter;
FIG. 2 is a grid-connected inverter continuous domain model;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of grid-connected inverter inductive current closed-loop control;
FIG. 4 is a grid-connected inverter equivalent circuit model;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a grid-connected power control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of instantaneous power calculation of a single-phase grid-connected inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a power outer loop control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the real current component, the reactive current component and the α - β components according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a grid-connected power control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a single-phase full-bridge inverter, and referring to fig. 1, in a grid-connected operation mode, a distributed micro-grid is clamped by grid voltage, only the output power or current of the inverter can be controlled, only an inductor L in an LC filter has a filtering effect on the output current, and a filter capacitor C can be regarded as a grid load. So that the filter capacitance can be ignored for ease of analysis in the case of small values. Therefore, the purpose of controlling the output current can be achieved by sampling and controlling the inductive current. The continuous domain model shown in fig. 2 can be obtained from the inverter equivalent circuit operation form. Obtaining the inverter grid-connected current under the grid-connected mode according to the continuous domain model as follows:
in the formula Io(s) is the transfer function of the grid-connected current, IL(s) is the filter inductor current transfer function, L is the filter inductor, r is the equivalent resistance, Vab(s) is the inverter output voltage transfer function, Vg(s) is the grid voltage transfer function.
Referring to fig. 3, the filter capacitor is omitted, and the inductor current closed-loop feedback control is added to the single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, so as to obtain the following filter inductor current transfer function:
wherein iLFor filtering the inductor current, Gc(s) is a current controller, GPWM(s) is a PWM controller, irefIs a reference current, vgFor grid-connected voltage, H2(s) is a closed-loop transfer function from the reference current to the output current, indicating the tracking ability of the output current to the reference current; y isO(s) is equivalent output admittance of the grid-connected inverter, which represents the disturbance influence of the grid voltage on the output current; i.e. iOIs the grid-connected current.
Based on the above analysis, the inverter in grid-tied mode is represented as an equivalent circuit model shown in fig. 4, including a current source controlled by a reference current and a closed loop transfer function, an equivalent output admittance, a line impedance, and an external grid. Wherein, the inductive current control adopts a PI regulator,the control mode is called as a double-ring PI-P control mode for short. Current controller GcThe proportion link of(s) is used for increasing the damping coefficient of the inverter, so that the whole system is ensured to work stably and has strong robustness.
On the basis of the inductance current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward, the invention provides a grid-connected power outer loop control based on instantaneous power to construct an inner loop reference current instruction.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a grid-connected power control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the grid-connected power control method includes: s1, calculating instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter; s2, inputting the instantaneous active power into a reference quantity as a preset PI regulator of grid-connected active power, and outputting current active component; inputting the instantaneous reactive power into a PI regulator with reference quantity as preset grid-connected reactive power, and outputting reactive component of current; s3, calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase; and S4, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current for controlling grid-connected power, wherein the control system is used for controlling the grid-connected power.
Specifically, firstly, instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter are calculated according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter. At present, methods for obtaining instantaneous reactive power include a single-phase instantaneous reactive power theory based on Hilbert transform, an instantaneous reactive current theory based on time domain translation, an instantaneous reactive current theory based on Hilbert transform, an instantaneous reactive density theory, and the like.
And then, inputting the instantaneous active power obtained in the previous step as a feedback quantity into a PI regulator taking the reference quantity as grid-connected active power, carrying out PI regulation on the difference quantity of the grid-connected active power and the instantaneous active power, and obtaining an output result, namely a current active component. The grid-connected active power is a reference value of the preset instantaneous active power.
Meanwhile, the instantaneous reactive power obtained in the previous step is input as a feedback quantity into a PI regulator taking the reference quantity as grid-connected reactive power, PI regulation is carried out on the difference quantity of the grid-connected reactive power and the instantaneous reactive power, and an output result, namely a current reactive component, is obtained. Here, the grid-connected reactive power is a reference value of the preset instantaneous reactive power.
And then, calculating reference current by using the current active component and the current reactive component obtained by PI regulation and the grid-connected voltage phase obtained by the grid-connected voltage.
And finally, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current obtained by calculation in the step, and controlling the grid-connected power of the single-phase grid-connected inverter by using the inductive current inner loop control system based on the grid-connected voltage feedforward.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the inner loop reference current instruction is constructed through the grid-connected power outer loop control of the instantaneous power, and the steady-state precision and the dynamic performance of the grid-connected power control are further improved on the basis of the inductive current inner loop control based on the grid voltage feedforward.
Based on the specific embodiment, the grid-connected power control method comprises the step S1 of S11, converting grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current into α -axis voltage component, β -axis voltage component, α -axis current component and β -axis current component in a α - β coordinate system respectively, and S12, and obtaining instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power according to the α -axis voltage component, the β -axis voltage component, α -axis current component and β -axis current component.
Specifically, similar to the calculation method of the instantaneous power of the three-phase grid-connected system, the single-phase grid-connected inverter system can calculate the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power in a two-phase static α - β coordinate system in consideration of small harmonic distortion of the output current of the grid-connected inverter.
Firstly, the grid-connected voltage v is measuredgAnd a grid-connected current ioRespectively carrying out α - β coordinate conversion to obtain grid-connected voltage vgVoltage component v at α, β axesα、vβAnd grid-connected current ioCurrent component i at α, β axesα、iβ。
Then, according to the α axis voltage component vαβ Axis Voltage component vβα Axis Current component iαAnd β Axis Current component iβThe instantaneous active power P and the instantaneous reactive power Q are obtained by:
in the specific embodiment of the invention, a way is provided for calculating the instantaneous active power and the reactive power of the single-phase grid-connected inverter system by adopting a method of α - β coordinate transformation, and the method has the advantages of small calculation amount and small response delay.
Based on any one of the specific embodiments, the grid-connected power control method further comprises the step S11 of applying generalized second-order integration, taking grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current as α -axis voltage component and α -axis current component respectively, and obtaining β -axis voltage component and β -axis current component correspondingly according to the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current.
The SOGI is applied to α - β coordinate transformation of a single-phase grid-connected inverter system, and input signal grid-connected voltage vgOr grid-connected current ioTo the voltage component vα、vβOr the current component iα、iβThe transfer functions of (a) are:
from Bode plot analysis of the transfer function, it is found that when the fundamental frequency ω is 100 pi, i.e., when the grid frequency is 50Hz, the output component of the α axis is the same as the input signal, i.e., the grid-connected voltage vgCorresponding to α axis voltage component v in α - β coordinate systemαGrid-connected electricityFlow vβOr the current component ioCorresponding to α axis current component i in α - β coordinate systemαThe output component of the beta axis lags the input signal by 90 deg., constituting the two orthogonal components of the α - β coordinate system.
Considering that distortion of grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current is small and is mainly based on fundamental wave components, the SOGI is adopted to construct an orthogonal vector in α - β coordinate system in the embodiment of the invention.
Based on any of the above embodiments, a grid-connected power control method further includes, between steps S1 and S2: and respectively inputting the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power into a low-pass filter for filtering.
In particular, in engineering practice, sampling errors of measuring equipment objectively exist. In order to avoid that the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power obtained after the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current obtained through measurement are subjected to coordinate transformation are directly applied to the construction of the reference current to cause obvious fluctuation caused by random sampling errors, the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power are filtered before being input into a PI (proportional integral) for regulation, the influence of the sampling errors on the parameters is weakened through a low-pass filter, and the precision of the construction of the reference voltage is improved.
Based on any one of the above specific embodiments, a grid-connected power control method, in step S3, further includes: and calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase.
In particular, in a single-phase grid-connected inverter system, the grid-connected voltage
Active component of current ipCurrent reactive component iqAnd the active power P and the reactive power Q of the inverter system satisfy the following relationship:
wherein, U is effective value of grid-connected voltage, I is grid-connectedThe effective value of the current.
Is the phase difference between the grid-connected voltage and the current.
On the basis, according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase, calculating the reference current according to the following formula:
iref＝ipcosθg+iqsinθg
wherein irefAs a reference current, ipAs a current active component, iqFor reactive component of current, θgIs the grid-connected voltage phase.
Based on any one of the specific embodiments, the grid-connected voltage phase is obtained by using a phase-locked loop.
Specifically, a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is a typical feedback control circuit, and controls the frequency and phase of an internal oscillation signal of the loop by using an externally input reference signal, so as to realize automatic tracking of the frequency of an input signal by an output signal frequency, and is generally used for a closed-loop tracking circuit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the acquisition of the grid-connected voltage phase is realized by utilizing the phase-locked loop, and the operation is simple, convenient and quick.
Based on any one of the above specific embodiments, a grid-connected power control method, where the low-pass filter is a first-order low-pass filter, and a transfer function of the low-pass filter is:
wherein, ω is1Is the cut-off frequency. In an embodiment of the present invention, the cut-off frequency ω1Slightly higher than the power frequency of 50 Hz.
In order to better understand and apply the grid-connected power control method provided by the invention, the invention is exemplified as follows, and the invention is not limited to the following examples.
FIG. 6 is an embodiment of the present inventionFor an example instantaneous power calculation block diagram of a single-phase grid-connected inverter, as shown in fig. 6, firstly, on the basis of an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward, a generalized second-order integral is applied to carry out α - β coordinate conversion on grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current, wherein an output component of a α axis is the same as an input signal, namely grid-connected voltage vgCorresponding to α axis voltage component v in α - β coordinate systemαOf the grid-connected current vβOr the current component ioCorresponding to α axis current component i in α - β coordinate systemαThe output component of the beta axis lags the input signal by 90 deg., constituting the two orthogonal components of the α - β coordinate system.
Secondly, according to the α axis voltage component vαβ Axis Voltage component vβα Axis Current component iαAnd β Axis Current component iβThe instantaneous active power P and the instantaneous reactive power Q are obtained by:
then, in order to avoid directly obvious fluctuation of the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current obtained by measurement due to random sampling errors, the instantaneous active power P and the instantaneous reactive power Q are respectively input into a first-order low-pass filter for filtering, and the filtered instantaneous active power P is correspondingly obtainedfAnd instantaneous reactive power Qf。
Next, referring to fig. 7 and 8, the filtered instantaneous active power P is measuredfThe feedback quantity is input into a reference quantity which is the grid-connected active power PrefTo the grid-connected active power PrefAnd instantaneous active power PfThe difference is subjected to PI regulation to obtain an output result, namely a current active component ip. Grid-connected active power PrefIs a preset reference value of instantaneous active power.
At the same time, the instantaneous reactive power Q obtained in the previous step is usedfThe feedback quantity is input into a reference quantity which is grid-connected reactive power QrefTo the grid-connected reactive power QrefAnd instantaneousReactive power QfPerforming PI regulation on the difference to obtain an output result, namely a current reactive component iq. Grid-connected reactive power QrefIs a preset reference value of instantaneous reactive power.
According to the current active component ipCurrent reactive component iqAnd grid-connected voltage phase thetagCalculating the reference current i from the following equationref：
iref＝ipcosθg+iqsinθg
And finally, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current obtained by calculation in the step, and controlling the active power and the reactive power output by the single-phase grid-connected inverter by applying the inductive current inner loop control system based on the grid-connected voltage feedforward so as to enable the active power and the reactive power to track the power instruction value, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting the power.
In the example, the inner loop reference current instruction is constructed through the grid-connected power outer loop control of the instantaneous power, and the steady-state precision and the dynamic performance of the grid-connected power control are further improved on the basis of the inductive current inner loop control based on the grid voltage feedforward.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a grid-connected power control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 9, the device includes: at least one processor 901; and at least one memory 902 communicatively coupled to the processor 901, wherein: s1, calculating instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter; s2, inputting the instantaneous active power into a reference quantity as a preset PI regulator of grid-connected active power, and outputting current active component; inputting the instantaneous reactive power into a PI regulator with reference quantity as preset grid-connected reactive power, and outputting reactive component of current; s3, calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase; and S4, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current for controlling grid-connected power, wherein the control system is used for controlling the grid-connected power.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, where the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores a computer instruction, and the computer instruction causes a computer to execute a grid-connected power control method provided in the corresponding embodiment, where the method includes: s1, calculating instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter; s2, inputting the instantaneous active power into a reference quantity as a preset PI regulator of grid-connected active power, and outputting current active component; inputting the instantaneous reactive power into a PI regulator with reference quantity as preset grid-connected reactive power, and outputting reactive component of current; s3, calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase; and S4, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current for controlling grid-connected power, wherein the control system is used for controlling the grid-connected power.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to program instructions, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, the program performs the steps including the method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
Finally, the method of the present application is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A grid-connected power control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power of the grid-connected inverter according to grid-connected voltage and grid-connected current of the grid-connected inverter;
s2, inputting the instantaneous active power into a reference quantity as a preset PI regulator of grid-connected active power, and outputting current active component; inputting the instantaneous reactive power into a PI regulator with reference quantity as preset grid-connected reactive power, and outputting reactive component of current;
s3, calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase;
s4, constructing an inductive current inner loop control system based on grid-connected voltage feedforward according to the reference current, wherein the control system is used for controlling grid-connected power;
the steps S1 and S2 further include:
and respectively inputting the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power into a low-pass filter for filtering.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 further comprises:
s11, converting the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current into a α axis voltage component, a β axis voltage component, a α axis current component and a β axis current component in a α - β coordinate system respectively;
s12, obtaining instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power according to the α axis voltage component, the β axis voltage component, the α axis current component and the β axis current component by the following formula:
wherein P is instantaneous active power, Q is instantaneous reactive power, vαIs the α axis voltage component, vβIs β Axis Voltage component, iαIs α Axis Current component, iβIs an β axis current component.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step S11 further comprises:
and correspondingly acquiring a β -axis voltage component and a β -axis current component according to the grid-connected voltage and the grid-connected current.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 further comprises:
calculating reference current according to the current active component, the current reactive component and the grid-connected voltage phase according to the following formula:
iref＝ipcosθg+iqsinθg
wherein irefAs a reference current, ipAs a current active component, iqFor reactive component of current, θgIs the grid-connected voltage phase.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the grid-tied voltage phase is obtained using a phase-locked loop.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the low pass filter is a first order low pass filter having a transfer function of:
wherein, ω is1Is the cut-off frequency.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the transfer function of the grid-connected voltage feedforward-based inductor current inner loop control system is as follows:
wherein L is a filter inductor of the output end of the grid-connected inverter, iLFor filtering the inductor current, Gc(s) is a current controller, r is an equivalent resistance, GPWM(s) is a PWM controller, irefIs a reference current, vgFor grid-connected voltage, H2(s) closed loop transfer of reference current to output currentFunction, YO(s) is the equivalent output admittance of the grid-connected inverter, iOIs the grid-connected current.
8. A grid-connected power control apparatus, characterized by comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein: the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, the processor invoking the program instructions to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 7.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that cause a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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