CN108110234B - Conductive polymer hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Conductive polymer hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN108110234B
CN108110234B CN201711325024.4A CN201711325024A CN108110234B CN 108110234 B CN108110234 B CN 108110234B CN 201711325024 A CN201711325024 A CN 201711325024A CN 108110234 B CN108110234 B CN 108110234B
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conductive polymer
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polyaniline
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monomer
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CN108110234A (en
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苏畅
徐立环
屈慧珠
孙悦
杨智俊
郭鹏举
马娇娇
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Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F120/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F120/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/02—Polyamines
    • C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
    • C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H01M4/602—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
    • C08J2479/02—Polyamines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A conductive polymer hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof. Dissolving an acrylic acid monomer and an aniline monomer in water or a water mixed solvent, standing and fully stirring; then weighing an initiator and preparing an aqueous solution; slowly dripping the prepared aqueous solution into the co-solution of the acrylic acid and the aniline monomer, and then controlling the reaction temperature to carry out copolymerization reaction for 0.5-5 hours under the protection of inert gas to obtain polyacrylic acid doped polyaniline stable polyaniline conductive polymer gel synthesized by a one-step method; then adding a precipitator for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a sample. The conductive polymer gel is applied as a positive electrode material to prepare a lithium battery, and has good charge-discharge performance, cycle stability and capacity retention rate when being used as a positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery.

Description

Conductive polymer hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a conductive polymer hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The super absorbent polymer is a novel functional polymer material which is moderately cross-linked and has a three-dimensional network structure, can absorb water which is dozens of times or even thousands of times of the self weight, and the absorbed water can not overflow even under the pressure. Superabsorbent polymers were first used in agriculture and health care 30 years ago and gradually expanded to other fields requiring better water absorption and retention properties. In recent years, researchers on superabsorbent polymers have mainly developed new uses thereof, such as: conductive materials, biological materials, sensors, drug release materials, wave-absorbing materials and the like. At present, it has become a research hotspot to prepare multifunctional super absorbent polymers by modification, grafting, copolymerization and other methods to meet the practical needs.
However, there have been few reports of preparing conductive polymers and hydrogels based on superabsorbent polymers. The conductive hydrogel has the advantages of high conductivity, colloid stability, low price, simple preparation process and the like, and can be used for preparing fuel cells, capacitors, fuel sensitive solar cells, rechargeable lithium batteries and the like. Polyaniline is a high-conductivity polymer, and can be combined with polyacrylate super absorbent polymer to prepare novel conductive hydrogel. However, the preparation of the conductive polyaniline hydrogel usually adopts a two-step method, i.e. a water-soluble polymer gel is prepared first, and then the polymerization process of polyaniline is carried out to prepare the conductive polyaniline hydrogel. As inorganic micromolecular acid is not required to be introduced as doping acid in the post-polymerization process of the polyaniline, the loss of the doping acid in the subsequent use process and the influence on the electrical property of the polyaniline gel cannot be ensured. The polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive hydrogel is synthesized by a one-step aqueous solution polymerization method. As the aniline monomer and the acrylic acid monomer are mixed in the initial stage of the reaction, and then the polyacrylic acid-doped polyaniline conductive polymer gel is generated in one step by adopting a copolymerization method, the doping rate and the electrical property of the material are improved. Is a novel method with prospect for preparing the stable conductive polymer hydrogel. The stable polyaniline conductivity and the unique hydrogel caking property are expected to be applied to the aspect of the electrode material of the organic lithium battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a conductive polymer hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof, and the polyaniline/polyacrylic acid conductive polymer gel is prepared by a one-step method and is applied to a lithium battery anode material; the polyaniline conductive polymer gel prepared by the one-step method has high organic acid doping degree and stable electrical property, and the prepared hydrogel can be used as a potential anode material to be applied to an organic lithium ion battery.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a conductive polymer hydrogel, which is a polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel with structural and electrochemical stability, and is characterized in that the chemical structure is as shown in (1):
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
a preparation method of conducting polymer hydrogel adopts a one-step method to co-initiate polymerization to prepare the conducting polymer gel; the method comprises the following preparation processes:
dissolving acrylic acid monomer and aniline monomer in water or water mixed solvent, standing and fully stirring; then weighing an initiator and preparing an aqueous solution; slowly dripping the prepared aqueous solution into the co-solution of the acrylic acid and the aniline monomer, and then controlling the reaction temperature to carry out copolymerization reaction for 0.5-5 hours under the protection of inert gas to obtain polyacrylic acid doped polyaniline stable polyaniline conductive polymer gel synthesized by a one-step method; then adding a precipitator for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a sample.
According to the preparation method of the conductive polymer hydrogel, inert gases such as nitrogen or argon are used for protection in the synthesis process of the polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel material.
The preparation method of the conducting polymer hydrogel comprises the following steps of: water, acetone/water mixed solution, ethanol and water mixed solution.
In the preparation method of the conducting polymer hydrogel, the oxidant adopted in the synthesis process of the conducting polymer gel material is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and FeCl3、H2O2。
In the preparation method of the conductive polymer hydrogel, in the synthesis process of the conductive polymer gel material, an oxidant is monomer = 0.1-1 mol/mol; the reaction time is 0.5-5 h; the reaction temperature is-20-60 ℃; the precipitant is acetone, methanol or ethanol.
The application of the conductive polymer hydrogel, wherein the prepared polyacrylic acid/polyaniline gel material is applied as a lithium battery positive electrode material; the preparation process of the lithium battery positive pole piece comprises the following steps: preparing a positive electrode plate on the surface of the aluminum foil by adopting an aqueous solvent coating method; mixing polyacrylic acid/polyaniline gel active material: conductive acetylene black = mass ratio 2-8: 2-5, dispersing in a water and alcohol mixed solvent, uniformly grinding into thick paste, covering on a clean aluminum foil, and drying in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the aluminum foil.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
(1) compared with the reported method for preparing polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel by a step method, the polyaniline conductive polymer gel prepared by the one-step method has the characteristics of high organic acid doping degree, stable electrical property, simple and convenient preparation method and the like.
(2) Compared with the reported inorganic acid doped polyaniline anode material, the polyacrylic acid doped polyaniline gel material prepared by the one-step method has the actual specific capacity of 131.2 mAh/g; meanwhile, the electrode prepared by the electrode has the advantages of improved cycling stability, improved self-discharge performance of the prepared electrode material and the like. Therefore, the polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer hydrogel prepared by the one-step method can be used as a very potential anode material to be applied to an organic lithium ion battery anode material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the first charge-discharge curve (voltage range: 2) of polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel at 20 mA/g charge-discharge rate.5~4.2 V vs. Li/Li+）；
FIG. 2 is a graph of the cycling stability performance of a polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel positive electrode material at a charge/discharge rate of 20 mA/g (voltage range: 2.5-4.2V vs. Li/Li)+) 。
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 polyacrylic acid/polyaniline gel Polymer (a) and PANI-HCl (b) at 17 mA g-1First charge and discharge curves at rate.
FIG. 2 polyacrylic acid/polyaniline gel (a) and PANI-HCl (b) at 17 mA g-1Cycling performance plot of discharge at rate.
The polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conducting polymer hydrogel disclosed by the invention has a chemical structure shown as (1):
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the invention also provides a one-step preparation method of the polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polyaniline, which comprises the following steps: dissolving a certain amount of acrylic acid monomer and aniline monomer in a certain volume of water or water mixed solvent, standing for a certain time and fully stirring. Then, a certain amount of initiator is weighed and a water solution with a certain concentration is prepared. Slowly dripping the prepared aqueous solution into the co-solution of the acrylic acid and the aniline monomer, and then controlling the reaction temperature within a certain range and carrying out copolymerization reaction for 0.5-5 hours under the protection of inert gas. Obtaining the polyacrylic acid doped polyaniline stable polyaniline conductive polymer gel synthesized by a one-step method. Then adding a precipitator for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a sample.
In the one-step preparation method, the inert gas used comprises nitrogen, argon and other gases, and argon is preferred.
In the method, the aqueous solvent adopted by the reaction mainly comprises water, acetone/water mixed solution, ethanol and water mixed solution, and water is preferred.
In the method, the raw material is subjected to a chemical reaction,the oxidant mainly comprises ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate and FeCl3、H2O2And the like, ammonium persulfate is preferable.
Furthermore, in the reaction feeding, the oxidant is monomer = 0.1-1 mol/mol; the reaction time is 0.5-5 h; the reaction temperature is-20-60 ℃; the precipitant is acetone, methanol, ethanol, etc.
The invention also provides application of the prepared polyaniline gel as a lithium battery positive electrode active material. Specifically, the preparation process of the positive pole piece and the battery assembly process are as follows:
preparing an electrode: and (3) preparing the positive electrode plate on the surface of the aluminum foil by adopting a coating method taking water as a solvent. Mixing polyacrylic acid/polyaniline gel active material: the conductive acetylene black is dispersed in a mixed solvent of water and alcohol, is uniformly ground into thick liquid, is covered on a clean aluminum foil, and is dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the conductive acetylene black.
Further, the electrode material mass composition is, active material polymer gel: conductive agent acetylene black = 2-8: 2-5, preferably 5-7: 3 to 4.
Assembling the battery: a conventional battery assembly process is employed. Specifically, the electrochemical performance and the charge-discharge performance of the battery are tested by adopting a CR2032 type battery device system. Lithium was used as a negative and reference electrode and the electrolyte was 1M LiPF6DMC =1:1 (v/v) solution, the separator is a polypropylene microporous membrane (Celgard 2300) used industrially, the electrode prepared previously is the positive electrode, and a CR2032 simulated half-cell was assembled in a glove box under argon atmosphere (both water and oxygen values below 1 ppm). And placing the battery in a battery test system for constant-current charge-discharge test and rate capability test.
The invention applies the polyaniline conductive polymer gel prepared by the one-step method as the lithium ion battery anode material to the lithium ion battery for the first time, and assembles the polyaniline conductive polymer gel into a simulated battery device for testing and obtaining better battery performance.
Example 1
Preparation of polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel
At room temperature, 15 g of acrylic monomer, 0.4656 g of aniline monomer and 0.0308 g of cross-linking agent are dissolvedA mixed solution of aniline acrylate (see FIG. 1) was formed in 50 ml of distilled water. The mixture was stirred well and placed at 50 deg.CoAnd C, heating and stirring in a water bath, dropwise adding 10 ml of solution containing 0.5705 g of initiator ammonium persulfate, and reacting for 1h under the protection of inert argon gas with stirring. Precipitating and separating out the reaction polymer gel by using a large amount of acetone, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a polyacrylic acid/polyaniline hydrogel product.
Example 2
Preparation of electrodes and Battery Assembly
(1) And (4) preparing an electrode. And preparing the electrode plate on the surface of the aluminum foil by adopting a film coating method. Active substance polymer powder: conductive agent acetylene black = mass ratio 7: 3 proportion is dissolved in water to form viscous liquid. The liquid was then coated onto clean aluminum foil using a 90 nm doctor blade and then 60 nmoAnd C, drying in vacuum until the quality of the film is not changed.
(2) And (5) assembling the battery. The electrochemical performance and the charge-discharge performance of the battery are tested mainly by using a CR2032 type battery device system. Lithium was used as a negative electrode and a reference electrode, the electrolyte was a 1M LiPF6 solution with EC: DMC =1:1 (v/v), the separator was a polypropylene microporous membrane (Celgard 2300) used industrially, the electrode prepared previously was a positive electrode, and a CR2032 simulated half cell was assembled in a glove box under argon atmosphere (both water and oxygen values were below 1 ppm). Before testing, the assembled battery was placed in a desiccator for 12 hours. This is to make the electrolyte and pole piece soak better, thereby makes the test data more stable. The prepared battery is subjected to electrochemical performance test, and the charging and discharging and cycle performance test is carried out in a voltage range of 2.5V-4.2V in 1mol/L LiPF6 EC/DMC (V/V, 1:1) electrolyte at a charging and discharging rate of 20 mA/g.
The battery performance test shows that the polyacrylic acid/polyaniline conductive polymer gel as the battery anode material shows higher specific discharge capacity (131.2 mAh/g) (figure 1) and has improved cycling stability (figure 2). The storage performance of the assembled simulated button cell is improved, and after 2 months of storage, the capacity retention rate is 70% of the initial capacity (compared with the 52% capacity retention rate of the traditional hydrochloric acid doped polyaniline anode).

Claims (5)

1. A preparation method of conductive polymer hydrogel is characterized in that a one-step co-initiated polymerization is adopted in the preparation process to prepare the conductive polymer hydrogel; the method comprises the following preparation processes:
dissolving acrylic acid monomer and aniline monomer in water or water mixed solvent, standing and fully stirring; then weighing an initiator and preparing an aqueous solution; slowly dripping the prepared aqueous solution into the co-solution of the acrylic acid and the aniline monomer, controlling the reaction temperature, and carrying out copolymerization reaction for 0.5-5 hours under the protection of inert gas to obtain polyacrylic acid doped polyaniline stable polyaniline conductive polymer gel synthesized by a one-step method; then adding a precipitator for precipitation, filtering, washing and drying to obtain a sample.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is argon.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the water or water-mixed solvent comprises: water, acetone/water mixed solution, ethanol and water mixed solution.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiator is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, FeCl3、H2O2One of them.
5. The method for preparing the conducting polymer hydrogel according to claim 1, wherein the initiator: the monomer = 0.1-1 mol/mol; the reaction time is 0.5-5 h; the reaction temperature is-20-60 ℃; the precipitant is one of acetone, methanol and ethanol.
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CN108794773B (en) * 2018-06-29 2021-03-23 四川理工学院 Preparation method of conductive hydrogel
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