CN108107967A - A kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method - Google Patents

A kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method Download PDF

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CN108107967A
CN108107967A CN201711370998.4A CN201711370998A CN108107967A CN 108107967 A CN108107967 A CN 108107967A CN 201711370998 A CN201711370998 A CN 201711370998A CN 108107967 A CN108107967 A CN 108107967A
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maximum power
mpp
output
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point
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郭中华
刘晓博
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Ningxia University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking methods, it is different in the rule of maximum power point both sides slope variation according to photovoltaic system output voltage power curve, the variation of MPP leftmost curves is releived, the characteristics of right side is relatively steep, the present invention is on the Research foundation of maximum photovoltaic power point tracing control method, a kind of utilization index function on the left of MPP is proposed with reference to some existing variable step conductance increment methods to adjust tracking voltage step size, the segmented variable step conductance increment optimization algorithm of tracking voltage step size is adjusted using logarithmic function on the right side of MPP.The simulation experiment result shows the good tracking realized to photovoltaic system maximum power point of this method, significantly reduces the neighbouring power attenuations as caused by vibrating step-length of MPP in tracing process, improves the power output efficiency of PV systems.

Description

A kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking methods, specifically, are related to a kind of based on index letter The maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method of the segmented variable step conductance increment method of number and logarithmic function.
Background technology
Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell (Photovoltaic, PV) is used to solar energy be converted into electric energy for using, By the way that solar panel is allowed to be operated in maximum power point (Maximum power point, MPP), and intelligently from battery Plate obtains power, to realize the management to electric energy, realizes power optimized output so as to reduce power attenuation, improves PV power outputs Efficiency.When photovoltaic solar cell panels are operated in maximum power point, PV can provide peak power output.MPP is one defeated with PV Go out to reach as high as the product point of the corresponding voltage and current of power, utilize in the case that intensity of illumination and temperature are continually changing Maximum power point tracking (Maximum power point tracking, MPPT) method is managed especially the power output of PV For necessity.
In the prior art, it is badly in need of a kind of efficient maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method.
The content of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of photovoltaic of the segmented variable step conductance increment method based on exponential function and logarithmic function Battery maximum power point tracking method, the good tracking realized to photovoltaic system maximum power point of this method, effectively drops The neighbouring power attenuations as caused by vibrating step-length of MPP in low tracing process improve the power output efficiency of PV systems.
Its technical solution is as follows：
A kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method, comprises the following steps：
Step (1), the value for detecting first and calculating PV output voltage instantaneous deltas dU, in the case where dU is not equal to zero：
A. whenI.e.When at maximum power point, then keep output voltage constant；
B. whenAndWhen on the left of the maximum power point, it is apart from each other with MPP, withFor step-length, increase voltage output；
C. whenAndWhen on the left of the maximum power point, now close to MPP, withFor step-length, increase voltage output；
D. whenAndWhen on the right side of the maximum power point, now close to MPP, withFor step-length, reduce voltage output；
E. whenAndWhen on the right side of the maximum power point, it is apart from each other with Δ U with MPP2' =k2·ln(S2+ 1) it is step-length, reduces voltage output；
It is step (2), null in voltage transient increment dU, judge the size of electric current instantaneous delta dI：
A. as dI=0, in maximum power point, output voltage should be kept constant；
B. as dI ＞ 0, with Δ U3=k3Increase voltage output for step-length；
C. as dI ＜ 0, with Δ U3'=k3Reduce voltage output for step-length.
Further, in step (1), waypoint S1And S2Value be taken as 0.5 and 1 respectively；Initial fixed step size voltage k1And k2 Equal value 0.075V.
Further, in step (2), step-length k3Value 0.075V.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The good tracking realized to photovoltaic system maximum power point of the present invention, significantly reduces in tracing process The power attenuation as caused by vibrating step-length near MPP improves the power output efficiency of PV systems.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 photovoltaic cell circuits models；
U-I curves under Fig. 2 different illumination intensities；
U-P curves under Fig. 3 different illumination intensities；
U-I curves under Fig. 4 different temperatures；
U-P curves under Fig. 5 different temperatures；
Fig. 6 U-P curves withCurve correspondence；
The exponential function and logarithmic function curve that Fig. 7 is introduced；
Fig. 8 variable step piecewise intervals；
Fig. 9 algorithm flow charts；
Figure 10 photovoltaics export Boost circuit；
Figure 11 simulation models are built；
Figure 12 photovoltaics export U-I curves；
Figure 13 photovoltaics export U-P curves；
Figure 14 photovoltaic cell output voltages；
Figure 15 photovoltaic cell output currents；
Figure 16 the output power from photovoltaic cells；
Figure 17 tradition conductance increment method output powers.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
1. photovoltaic cell output characteristic
Photovoltaic cell electric current output expression formula be：
In formula I be photovoltaic cell output current, IphFor photogenerated current, I0For diode reverse saturation current, q is electronics electricity Lotus (q=1.6 × 10-19C), U be photovoltaic cell output voltage, RsFor series resistance (ohm level low resistance), RshFor parallel resistance (kilo-ohm grade high value), A diode quality factors, K are Boltzmann constant (K=1.38 × 10-23J/K), T is absolute temperature (T=t+273K), the circuit model of PV is as shown in Figure 1.
(1) intensity of illumination, the output characteristics of photovoltaic cell are changed
Temperature is set as 25 DEG C, changes intensity of illumination, 800W/ ㎡, 1000W/ ㎡ and 1200W/ ㎡ is respectively adopted, is carried out Emulation testing.The experimental results showed that with the increase of intensity of illumination, the open-circuit voltage and short circuit current flow of photovoltaic cell are increased As large as Fig. 2, corresponding the output power from photovoltaic cells is significantly increased such as Fig. 3.
(2) temperature, the output characteristics of photovoltaic cell are changed
Intensity of illumination is set as 1000W/ ㎡, changes temperature, 5 DEG C, 25 DEG C and 45 DEG C progress emulation testings are respectively adopted. The experimental results showed that with the rise of temperature, the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cell is reduced, and short circuit current flow is risen such as Fig. 4, The output power of corresponding photovoltaic cell declines by a small margin such as Fig. 5.
2. conductance increment method and its variable step strategy
The control principle of MPPT conductance increment methods be according to acquisition come certain section of photovoltaic timing cell output voltage and electric current Value, by seeking the method for changing to constantly look for maximum output power point position of its instantaneous conductance dI/dU value, expression formula is such as Under：
It is zero to make (1) formula value, then power points in maximum power point position, should keep output voltage constant this moment：
(1) formula value is made to be more than zero, then power points on the left of maximum power point, should increase output voltage this moment：
(1) formula value is made to be less than zero, then power points on the right side of maximum power point, should reduce output voltage this moment：
MPPT conductance increment methods have higher control stability, remain to put down under intensity of illumination or temperature variations The position of photovoltaic Maximum Power Output point is surely tracked, conductance increment method needs the higher control of precision in actual mechanical process Device.Variable step conductance increment method is a kind of improvement to traditional fixed step size conductance increment method, when away from MPP when using big step-length into Row tracking, close to MPP when, are tracked using small step-length, and tracing step is set MPP at as zero and holding PV output voltages are not at this time Become.
The present invention will be that a kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method, i.e. base are proposed on the basis of these methods In exponential function and the segmented variable step conductance increment method of logarithmic function.
3. the algorithm principle of the segmented variable step conductance increment method based on exponential function and logarithmic function
3.1 principle analysis
Due toSoTake its absolute valueFor the voltage adjustment reference factor, then U-P curves withThe correspondence of curve is illustrated in fig. 6 shown below, At Maximum Power Output pointValue be zero, on the left of maximum power pointValue is between (0,1), far From MPP its value close to 1, and with away from MPP on the right side of maximum power point,Value gradually increase.In figure 6 According to photovoltaic cell exports U-P curves, U-P curvilinear slopes are releived on the left of MPP, the steep spy of right side U-P curvilinear slopes Point is combined with function y between (0,1)1=ex- 1 slope variation is quick and function y2=ln (x+1) slope variation is slow Rule is shown in Fig. 7, applies it on maximum power point tracking and is utilized i.e. on the left of MPP based on function y1Variable step tracking, it is right Side is utilized based on function y2Variable step tracking, to be optimized to previous variable step MPPT algorithm.
(1) detect first and calculate the value of PV output voltage instantaneous deltas dU, in the case where dU is not equal to zero：
A. whenI.e.When at maximum power point, then keep output voltage constant；
B. whenAndWhen on the left of the maximum power point, it is apart from each other with MPP, withFor step-length, increase voltage output；
C. whenAndWhen on the left of the maximum power point, now close to MPP, withFor step-length, increase voltage output；
D. whenAndWhen on the right side of the maximum power point, now close to MPP, withFor step-length, reduce voltage output；
E. whenAndWhen on the right side of the maximum power point, it is apart from each other with Δ U with MPP2' =k2·ln(S2+ 1) it is step-length, reduces voltage output.
Waypoint S of the present invention1And S2Value be taken as 0.5 and 1 respectively, present position is as shown in Figure 8；Initial fixed step size electricity Press k1And k2Equal value 0.075V.
(2) it is null in voltage transient increment dU, judge the size of electric current instantaneous delta dI：
D. as dI=0, in maximum power point, output voltage should be kept constant；
E. as dI ＞ 0, with Δ U3=k3Increase voltage output for step-length；
F. as dI ＜ 0, with Δ U3'=k3Reduce voltage output for step-length.
Step-length k of the present invention3Value 0.075V.
The algorithm flow chart of 3.2 present invention
Fig. 9 algorithm flow charts are that the algorithm in segmented variable step conductance increment principle of optimality implementation process specifically programs step Suddenly.
Boost circuit is a kind of non-isolated booster circuit, and system charges to inductance L when switching tube VT is turned on Energy storage is loaded at this time by capacitance C2It powers, on-off switching tube VT after inductive energy storage saturation, the backward voltage and electricity that inductance generates Hold C1Voltage (PV output voltages) superposition is powered and to capacitance C load2It charges, whole process is realized to photovoltaic Output voltage boosts, i.e.,
Wherein VPVFor Boost circuit input voltage, VoFor Boost circuit output voltage, D is duty cycle.
If Figure 10 by gathering the voltage and current values of PV outputs in real time, using proposing in text based on exponential function and The segmented variable step conductance increment algorithm of logarithmic function (S-Function is write with MATLAB language in Figure 11 simulation models) Voltage step size and output voltage are tracked to control, and realizes the adjusting to Boost circuit duty cycle, PV systems is made to locate always In maximum power point output state.
Table 1 is classified as emulation a photovoltaic battery panel parameters used and respective value, ideal output power are 80.44W。
Photovoltaic cell parameter used in 1 system emulation of table
Photovoltaic cell parameter Respective value
Open-circuit voltage Uoc 21.8V
Short circuit current flow Isc 5.35A
Maximum power point voltage Um 16.9V
Maximum power point electric current Im 4.76A
Maximum power point Pm 80.44W
(Figure 11) is emulated in MATLAB/Simulink, T=25 DEG C of design temperature, intensity of illumination is S=1000W/ ㎡, It is chased after by using maximum power point is carried out the present invention is based on the segmented variable step conductance increment method of exponential function and logarithmic function Track, experimental result corresponding U-I curves such as Figure 12, corresponding U-P curves such as Figure 13, due to tracking voltage step size adjustment flexibly, Variation is reasonable, therefore curve is whole more smooth.It can be seen that photovoltaic system output voltage 17V or so (16.76~ 17.30V) fluctuation within a narrow range such as Figure 14, electric current is within 4.7A or so (4.64~4.79A) fluctuation within a narrow range such as Figure 15,0.02s It tracks maximum power point and steady and sustained confession is carried out with peak power output about 80.4W (80.34~80.46W) to loading Electricity such as Figure 16, meets the PV parameters in table 1.
By the present invention is based on the segmented variable step conductance increment method output powers (Figure 16) of exponential function and logarithmic function Each item data with that can draw table 2 compared with traditional conductance increment method output power (Figure 17) waveform, is apparent from by using this hair The bright tracking at maximum power point is with good stability, reduces the oscillation of power at the point, improves photovoltaic cell Power output efficiency.
2 the simulation experiment result of table compares
6. conclusion
The present invention is on the basis of traditional fixed step size conductance increment method and variable step conductance increment method, it is proposed that Yi Zhongji In exponential function and the segmented variable step conductance increment method of logarithmic function, i.e., U-P songs are exported according to photovoltaic cell on the left of MPP The characteristics of line slope is releived and exponential function pace of change is very fast is tracked using the two-part variable step of association index function, and The characteristics of photovoltaic output U-P slopes of curve are steep and logarithmic function pace of change is slow is combined on the right side of MPP, using with reference to logarithm The two-part variable step tracking of function, i.e. MPP left sides variable step amplitude are more than variable step amplitude on the right side of MPP.The experimental results showed that This segmented variable step conductance increment method based on exponential function and logarithmic function is effective, can accurately track light The maximum power point output of volt system, efficiently reduces traditional MPPT methods in MPP both sides because caused by persistently adjusting voltage Oscillation of power effect reduces PV system power dissipations, improves the delivery efficiency of photovoltaic cell.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is without being limited thereto, it is any ripe Those skilled in the art are known in the technical scope of present disclosure, the letter for the technical solution that can be become apparent to Altered or equivalence replacement are each fallen in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
    Step (1), the value for detecting first and calculating PV output voltage instantaneous deltas dU, in the case where dU is not equal to zero：
    A. whenI.e.When at maximum power point, then keep output voltage constant；
    B. whenAndWhen on the left of the maximum power point, it is apart from each other with MPP, withFor step-length, increase voltage output；
    C. whenAndWhen on the left of the maximum power point, now close to MPP, withFor step-length, increase voltage output；
    D. whenAndWhen on the right side of the maximum power point, now close to MPP, withFor step-length, reduce voltage output；
    E. whenAndWhen on the right side of the maximum power point, it is apart from each other with Δ U with MPP2'=k2· ln(S2+ 1) it is step-length, reduces voltage output；
    It is step (2), null in voltage transient increment dU, judge the size of electric current instantaneous delta dI：
    G. as dI=0, in maximum power point, output voltage should be kept constant；
    H. as dI ＞ 0, with Δ U3=k3Increase voltage output for step-length；
    I. as dI ＜ 0, with Δ U3'=k3Reduce voltage output for step-length.
  2. 2. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), segmentation Point S1And S2Value be taken as 0.5 and 1 respectively；Initial fixed step size voltage k1And k2Equal value 0.075V.
  3. 3. maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), step-length k3Value 0.075V.
CN201711370998.4A 2017-12-19 2017-12-19 A kind of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point tracking method Pending CN108107967A (en)

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CN109343649A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-02-15 江苏大学 A kind of by stages is from optimizing MPPT solar power generation control method
CN111796629A (en) * 2020-06-11 2020-10-20 江苏大学 Composite MPPT tracking method under photovoltaic cell local shadow condition
CN113036803A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 哈尔滨理工大学 Variable-step photovoltaic MPPT (maximum power point tracking) optimization control method based on conductance incremental method
CN114200999A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-18 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 Adaptive variable-step-size maximum power point tracking control method, system and application
CN118051090A (en) * 2024-02-22 2024-05-17 山西省能源互联网研究院 MPPT control method of photovoltaic power generation system suitable for polar region
CN118214079A (en) * 2024-05-20 2024-06-18 国文电气股份有限公司 Optical storage charge detection integrated intelligent micro-grid system and control method thereof

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109343649A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-02-15 江苏大学 A kind of by stages is from optimizing MPPT solar power generation control method
CN111796629A (en) * 2020-06-11 2020-10-20 江苏大学 Composite MPPT tracking method under photovoltaic cell local shadow condition
CN113036803A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 哈尔滨理工大学 Variable-step photovoltaic MPPT (maximum power point tracking) optimization control method based on conductance incremental method
CN114200999A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-03-18 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 Adaptive variable-step-size maximum power point tracking control method, system and application
CN114200999B (en) * 2021-12-09 2023-03-10 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 Adaptive variable-step-size maximum power point tracking control method, system and application
CN118051090A (en) * 2024-02-22 2024-05-17 山西省能源互联网研究院 MPPT control method of photovoltaic power generation system suitable for polar region
CN118214079A (en) * 2024-05-20 2024-06-18 国文电气股份有限公司 Optical storage charge detection integrated intelligent micro-grid system and control method thereof

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Application publication date: 20180601