CN108103517B - A kind of metal nanoparticle of self-supporting/porous nitrogen carbon dope film and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of metal nanoparticle of self-supporting/porous nitrogen carbon dope film and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108103517B CN108103517B CN201711370331.4A CN201711370331A CN108103517B CN 108103517 B CN108103517 B CN 108103517B CN 201711370331 A CN201711370331 A CN 201711370331A CN 108103517 B CN108103517 B CN 108103517B
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- doping
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 dimethyl methyl Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004042 HAuCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020437 K2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019813 Cr(CO)6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002621 H2PtCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002249 LaCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017333 Mo(CO)6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002666 PdCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021553 Vanadium(V) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008940 W(CO)6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010959 commercial synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001967 indiganyl group Chemical group [H][In]([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) nitrate Inorganic materials [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L mercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg]Cl LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(II) nitrate Inorganic materials [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002789 polymer coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002093 potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/33—
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
Abstract
It is a kind of can self-supporting metal nanoparticle/porous nitrogen-doped carbon base film and preparation method and application, belong to new energy materials field.The present invention synthesizes poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film first.Then the poly ion liquid of adsorbing metal ions/one step of polyacrylic acid/porous composite film is carbonized, metal nanoparticle/porous N doping film can be obtained, porous N doping carbon film can also be first synthesized, then metal nanoparticle/porous N doping film is prepared by the method for hydro-thermal reaction.The hydridization carbon film of preparation has controllable thickness, aperture, programmable shape, easy large scale preparation.Hydridization carbon film prepared by the present invention can be used as the electrode material of self-supporting, convert ammonia by electro-catalysis for the nitrogen efficient stable in air on a large scale, every square metre of carbon film can prepare 0.36 gram of ammonia per hour.Metal nanoparticle prepared by the present invention/porous N doping carbon film has wide actual application prospect in energy conversion field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new energy materials field, specially a kind of metal nanoparticle of self-supporting/porous nitrogen carbon dope base
Film and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
Ammonia (NH3) no matter as agricultural fertilizer, new energy carrier, it is all acted as in human society one quite heavy
The role [1-4] wanted is chemical raw material indispensable in people's life.Only in global NH in 20153Total output is very
To having had reached 1.46 hundred million tons [1].Nitrogen N2It is commercial synthesis NH3Primary raw material, although N in air2Content be up to
78%, but due to N2N ≡ N has high bond energy (940.95kJ mol-1) and lacks permanent dipole moment in molecule,
Exceptional stability at normal temperatures and pressures.Therefore industrial utilization N2Prepare NH3Method it is very harsh.Currently, aber process (Haber
It Process) is industrial production NH3Main method, process is N2With H2In high temperature and pressure, (400-500 DEG C, 200-250 is big
Air pressure) under the action of generate ammonia.Aber process prepares NH3Annual required energy total value accounts for about the worldwide energy gross output value
1%-3% [4].In addition, preparing NH using aber process3In the process, H2Production be even more to need to burn a large amount of fossil fuel (CH4
+2H2O→4H2+CO2), give off a large amount of greenhouse gases CO2, seriously pollute environment.
Also increase increasingly as world population increases demand to grain, along with industrial development and military compels to be essential
It wants, makes artificial fixed nitrogen in the beginning of this century at global great research topic.Either save the cost or environmental protection,
If can be by the N in air2It is converted into the ammonia of high added value at normal temperatures and pressures, then this has optimization China's energy resource structure
Great strategic importance, while will also generate huge economic benefit.Electro-catalysis technology has high-efficient, easy to operate, Yi Shi
The advantages that now automating [5-6], and water is the green solvent that a kind of source is wide, environmental-friendly, therefore electro-catalysis in aqueous solution
Convert N2With very strong actual application prospect.Realize extensive N2The core technology of electro-catalysis Transformation Application is that research and development are efficient, steady
Surely the elctro-catalyst that can be mass-produced.
Since the carbon material of Heteroatom doping is cheap and easy to get, there is unique inoxidizability, high specific surface area, controllable
Electro-chemical activity and high stability under acid-base condition have very huge development prospect in electrochemical catalysis field
[7-10].In addition, studies have shown that when metal nanoparticle or semiconductor alloy nanometer particle load are in nitrogen-doped carbon material
On, Mott-Schottky effect can occur, and (effective electronics transfer can excite the collaboration of nitrogen carbon dope and metal nano material
Catalytic activity), and then the catalytic activity and stability of metal nano material and nitrogen-doped carbon can be effectively improved.Further substantially
Degree improves the catalytic performance of hybrid material.But the carbon-based elctro-catalyst of Heteroatom doping is as N2The new material of reduction is in state
It is inside and outside that there is presently no document reports.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to solve the disadvantage that industrial ammonia synthetic method at present, such as: (high temperature is high for harsh reaction condition
Pressure), the problems such as giving off a large amount of greenhouse gases and huge energy consumption, provide one kind cheap and easy to get, Yi great Gui
Mould preparation, a kind of self-supporting with high electro catalytic activity and stability metal nanoparticle/porous nitrogen carbon dope base film
(abbreviation carbon film) and its application in nitrogen is fixed.The carbon film can at normal temperatures and pressures, efficiently by nitrogen in aqueous solution
It is converted into ammonia, provides a kind of technical support to prepare ammonia under conditions of environmental-friendly, low energy consumption.
Metal nanoparticle provided by the invention/porous nitrogen carbon dope film preparation method includes following two method:
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film is immersed in the inorganic salt solution containing metal ion by method 1
1~24 hour progress adsorption of metal ions, then direct carbonization is adsorbed with poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid of metal ion/more
Hole composite membrane, a step obtain metal nanoparticle/porous N doping carbon film, and carburizing temperature is 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C, carbonization time
It is 1~10 hour.
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film direct carbonization is prepared porous N doping carbon film by method 2, carbonization
Temperature is 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C, and carbonization time is 1~10 hour.Then utilize the method for hydrothermal synthesis by porous nitrogen-doped carbon
Film immerses in the metal ion solution that concentration is 0.0001M~10M, prepares metal nanoparticle/porous N doping carbon film, hydro-thermal
Reaction 2~48 hours, hydrothermal temperature are 80 DEG C~250 DEG C.
Metal nanoparticle/porous N doping carbon film inorganic salts provided by the invention that prepare are the change containing metal ion
Close object；Have a structure that NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CsCl, AlCl3,InCl3,MgCl2,CaCl2,BaCl2,HAuCl4,
H2PtCl6,PdCl2,IrCl3,K2PdCl4,HgCl2,K2PtCl6,RuCl3,FeCl3,CoCl2,MnCl4,NiCl2,CuCl2, Os
(Cl)3,ZnCl2,CrCl3,VCl5,TiCl4,LaCl3,BiCl3,SrCl2,NaNO3,In(NO3)3,Co(NO3)2,Fe(NO3)3,
Ni(NO3)2,Os(NO3)3,Ir(NO3)3,Mn(NO3)2,Hg(NO3)3,NiNO3,Cu(NO3)2,Cr(NO3)3,V(NO3)5,
Na2SO4,CuSO4,NiSO4,CoSO4,FeSO4,Cu(CH3COO)2,Co(CH3COO)2,Ag(CH3COO), Ir(CH3COO)3,Hg
(CH3COO)2,Ni(CH3COO)2,Fe(CH3COO)2,Mn(CH3COO)3,Au(CH3COO)3, In(CH3COO)3,Pd
(CH3COO)2,Ru(CH3COO)3,V(CO)6,Cr(CO)6,Mo(CO)6,W(CO)6,Tc2(CO)10, Ru(CO)5,Os(CO)5,Ir2
(CO)8,Rh2(CO)8；
The metal nanoparticle of self-supporting provided by the invention/porous nitrogen carbon dope base film preparation method porous carbon membranes its
Contain carbon nanotube, graphene or carbon black in structure.Porous N doping carbon film with a thickness of 20nm to 10cm.
Poly ion liquid involved in the method for the present invention/polyacrylic acid porous composite film the preparation method is as follows:
(1) poly ion liquid and polyacrylic acid are mixed according to the molar ratio of 1:1~1:3, the diformazan of 10~500mL is added
Base formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide dissolve by heating under the conditions of 25 DEG C to 70 DEG C；Then by carbon nanotube, graphene oxide or
Carbon black ultrasonic disperse is in above-mentioned polymer solution；
(2) polymer solution prepared by step (1) is toppled on a glass, it is small in 25 DEG C~120 DEG C heating 2~48
When, dry out solvent；
(3) composite membrane of polymer prepared by step (2) impregnates to 1 in the ammonia spirit of 0.1wt%~28wt%~
10 hours, obtain apertured polymeric film；
The present invention is using porous N doping carbon film as application of electrode in N2Reduction, specific practice are as follows: will be prepared porous
For N doping carbon film directly as working electrode, Ag/AgCl is reference electrode, and platinum filament is to electrode, and aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is electrolyte,
The faradic efficiency that its electro-catalysis restores ammonia is 22%, and it is with very high stability, follow-on test 192 hours,
What it can continue converts nitrogen to ammonia, and yield is that every square metre of carbon film can prepare 0.36g ammonia per hour.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention:
Compared to the method (high temperature and pressure, and giving off during producing ammonia a large amount of of more current industrial production ammonia
GHG carbon dioxide, seriously pollute environment, energy consumption is very big), raw material of the present invention is cheap and easy to get, preparation method letter
It is single, nitrogen high conversion efficiency.This method carries out in normal temperature and pressure, aqueous solution, is expected to large-scale application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the porous carbon-base film digital photograph of metal cobalt loaded nano particle；
Fig. 2 is the porous carbon-base film X-ray diffraction spectrum figure of metal cobalt loaded nano particle；
Fig. 3 is the porous carbon-base film stereoscan photograph of metal cobalt loaded nano particle；
Fig. 4 is the porous carbon-base film transmission electron microscope photo of metal cobalt loaded nano particle；
Fig. 5 is porous carbon/carbon nano-tube film digital photograph of load gold nano grain；
Fig. 6 is porous carbon/carbon nano-tube film stereoscan photograph of load gold nano grain；
Fig. 7 is porous carbon/carbon nano-tube film X-ray diffraction spectrogram of load gold nano grain；
Fig. 8 is porous carbon/carbon nano-tube film transmission electron microscope photo of load gold nano grain；
Fig. 9 is porous carbon/carbon nano-tube film high-resolution-ration transmission electric-lens photo of load gold nano grain；
Figure 10 is the schematic device that nitrogen electro-catalysis is converted into ammonia.
Figure 11 nitrogen electro-catalysis is converted into the performance test results of ammonia, wherein (A) is the farad of ammonia under different voltages
Efficiency, the yield of ammonia under (B) different voltages, (C) prepare ammonia under -0.1 volt (opposite hydrogen electrode potential)
Stability test.
Specific embodiment
Below by some case study on implementation, illustrative explanation and help further understand the present invention, but embodiment details
Merely to illustrating the present invention, technical solution all under present inventive concept is not represented, therefore should not be understood as to the present invention
The restriction of total technical solution.For the technician, some unsubstantialities without departing from present inventive concept increase and change, example
Such as to change or replace with the technical characteristic of same or similar technical effect, the scope of the present invention is belonged to.
The preparation of embodiment 1, poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film
(1) 1g poly ion liquid and 0.18g polyacrylic acid are mixed, the dimethylformamide of 10mL is added, it is molten at 25 DEG C
Solution；
(2) polymer solution prepared by step (1) is toppled on a glass, is heated 5 hours at 80 DEG C, dried molten
Agent；
(3) composite membrane of polymer prepared by step (2) is impregnated 5 hours in the ammonia spirit of 0.1wt%, is obtained more
Pore polymer film.
Embodiment 2, the preparation of poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/graphene oxide porous composite film
(1) 1g poly ion liquid and 0.18g polyacrylic acid are mixed, the dimethylformamide of 10mL is added, it is molten at 50 DEG C
Solution；Then by 0.1g graphene oxide ultrasonic disperse in above-mentioned polymer solution；
(2) polymer solution prepared by step (1) is toppled on a glass, is heated 48 hours at 50 DEG C, dried molten
Agent；
(3) composite membrane of polymer prepared by step (2) is impregnated 5 hours in the ammonia spirit of 0.1wt%, is obtained more
Pore polymer/graphene oxide membrane.
Embodiment 3, the preparation of poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/carbon black porous composite film
(1) 5g poly ion liquid and 1g polyacrylic acid are mixed, the dimethyl sulfoxide of 100mL is added, dissolved at 70 DEG C；So
Afterwards by 1g carbon black ultrasonic disperse in above-mentioned polymer solution；
(2) polymer solution prepared by step (1) is toppled on a glass, is heated 6 hours at 120 DEG C, dried molten
Agent；
(3) composite membrane of polymer prepared by step (2) is impregnated 20 hours in the ammonia spirit of 0.5wt%, is obtained
Porous polymer/charcoal black film.
Embodiment 4, the preparation of poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/carbon nanotube porous composite film
(1) 10g poly ion liquid and 2g polyacrylic acid are mixed, the dimethylformamide of 100mL is added, it is molten at 50 DEG C
Solution；Then by 1g carbon nanotube ultrasonic disperse in above-mentioned polymer solution；
(2) polymer solution prepared by step (1) is toppled on a glass, is heated 6 hours at 90 DEG C, dried molten
Agent；
(3) composite membrane of polymer prepared by step (2) is impregnated 20 hours in the ammonia spirit of 0.2wt%, is obtained
Porous polymer/carbon nano-tube film.
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid composite membrane prepared by embodiment 1 is immersed in 0.1M's by embodiment 5, method 1
CoCl21 hour in aqueous solution, then takes out and adsorbed CoCl2Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/porous composite film, at 300 DEG C
Carbonization 24 hours, can obtain the porous N doping carbon film of carried metal cobalt nano-particle.
Embodiment 6, method 1
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film prepared by embodiment 2 is immersed in the FeCl of 1M312 in aqueous solution
Hour, it then takes out and has adsorbed FeCl3Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/porous composite film, 1200 DEG C be carbonized 1 hour, can
Obtain the porous N doping carbon film of carried metal iron nano-particle.
Embodiment 7, method 1
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film prepared by embodiment 1 is immersed in the HAuCl of 0.5M4Aqueous solution
In 12 hours, then take out adsorbed HAuCl4Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/porous composite film, it is 5 small in 900 DEG C of carbonizations
When, the porous N doping carbon film of carried metal nano nickel particles can be obtained.
Embodiment 8, method 2
Poly ion liquid prepared by embodiment 1/polyacrylic acid porous composite film is carbonized 10 hours, can obtain at 300 DEG C
Porous N doping carbon film.Obtained porous N doping carbon film is immersed into 0.0001M HAuCl4In aqueous solution, at 180 DEG C, hydro-thermal
Reaction can obtain gold-nanoparticle-supported porous N doping carbon film in 2 hours.
Embodiment 9, method 2
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/graphene oxide porous composite film prepared by embodiment 2 is at 900 DEG C, carbonization 2
Hour, the porous N doping carbon film containing graphene can be obtained.Porous N doping carbon film containing graphene is immersed into 1M K2PtCl6
In aqueous solution, at 80 DEG C, the porous N doping carbon film of graphene of Pt nanoparticle load can be obtained within hydro-thermal reaction 48 hours.
Embodiment 10, method 2
Poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/carbon black porous composite film prepared by embodiment 4 is carbonized 5 hours at 800 DEG C, can
Obtain the porous N doping carbon film containing carbon black.Porous N doping carbon film containing carbon black is immersed into 10M Co (CH3COO)2Aqueous solution
In, at 150 DEG C, the porous N doping carbon film of carbon black of cobalt nano-particle load can be obtained within hydro-thermal reaction 24 hours.
Embodiment 11, method 2
For poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid/carbon nanotube porous composite film prepared by embodiment 4 at 1200 DEG C, carbonization 1 is small
When, the porous N doping carbon film containing carbon nanotube can be obtained.Porous N doping carbon film containing carbon nanotube is immersed into 2M Ir
(CH3COO)3In aqueous solution, at 200 DEG C, the porous N doping of carbon nanotube of iridium nano particle load can be obtained within hydro-thermal reaction 12 hours
Carbon film.
Embodiment 12, application
The porous N doping carbon film for containing gold nanoparticle prepared by embodiment 7 is as application of electrode in N2Reduction.Tool
Body way are as follows: by the prepared porous N doping carbon film containing gold nanoparticle directly as working electrode, Ag/AgCl is ginseng
Than electrode, platinum filament is to electrode, and aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is electrolyte, forms electrolytic cell.Experiment test shows gold-nanoparticle-supported
Porous N doping carbon film convert N2Faradic efficiency be 22%, and it is with very high stability, follow-on test 4
It, what can be continued converts nitrogen to ammonia, and yield is that every square metre of carbon film each hour can prepare 0.36g ammonia.With
Industry Hubble's method prepares ammonia and compares at present, and present invention process is simple, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, and the preparation of ammonia is in normal temperature and pressure
Lower progress, yield is high, energy saving, is expected to be used for the preparation of extensive ammonia.
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Claims (9)
1. a kind of metal nanoparticle of self-supporting/porous N doping carbon film preparation method, it is characterised in that preparation method tool
Have as follows:
Method 1, by poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film, be soaked in 1~24 hour progress metal of inorganic salt solution from
Son absorption, then direct carbonization is adsorbed with poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film of metal ion, and carburizing temperature is
300~1200 DEG C, carbonization time is 1~10 hour, can obtain metal nanoparticle/porous N doping carbon film；
Method 2, by prepared poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film direct carbonization, obtain porous N doping carbon film,
Carburizing temperature is 300 DEG C~1200 DEG C, and carbonization time is 1~10 hour；It then will be described porous by the synthetic method of hydro-thermal
N doping carbon film immerses in the metal ion solution that concentration is 0.0001M~10M, prepares metal nanoparticle/porous N doping
Carbon film, hydrothermal temperature are 80 DEG C~250 DEG C, and the hydro-thermal reaction time is 2~48 hours；
The porous N doping carbon film is as application of electrode in N2Reduction, specific practice are as follows: by prepared porous N doping carbon film
Directly as working electrode, Ag/AgCl is reference electrode, and platinum filament is to electrode, and aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is electrolyte, and electro-catalysis is also
The faradic efficiency of former ammonia is 22%, and it follow-on test 192 hours, can continue with very high stability
Convert nitrogen to ammonia, yield is that every square metre of carbon film can prepare 0.36g ammonia per hour.
2. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that inorganic salts described in method 1 are the change containing metal ion
Close object.
3. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid described in method 2 is porous
Composite membrane contains carbon nanotube, graphene or active carbon.
4. preparation method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that porous N doping carbon film described in method 2 with a thickness of
20nm to 10cm.
5. the preparation method as described in claim 1,3 or 4, it is characterised in that the porous N doping that the method 2 is prepared
Carbon film has the hierarchical porous structure of gradient distribution.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that poly ion liquid described in method 1 or 2/poly-
Acrylic acid porous composite film the preparation method is as follows:
(1) poly ion liquid and polyacrylic acid are mixed according to the molar ratio of 1:1~1:3, the dimethyl methyl of 10~500mL is added
Amide or dimethyl sulfoxide dissolve by heating under the conditions of 25 DEG C to 70 DEG C；Then by carbon nanotube, graphene oxide or carbon black
Ultrasonic disperse is in above-mentioned polymer solution；
(2) polymer solution prepared by step (1) is toppled on a glass, is heated 2~48 hours at 50 DEG C~120 DEG C,
Dry out solvent；
(3) it is small that composite membrane of polymer prepared by step (2) is impregnated to 1~10 in the ammonia spirit of 0.1wt%~28wt%
When, obtain poly ion liquid/polyacrylic acid porous composite film.
7. a kind of metal nanoparticle/porous N doping for the self-supporting that the preparation method as described in one of claim 1-4 obtains
Carbon film.
8. a kind of metal nanoparticle that the preparation method as described in one of claim 1-4 obtains/porous N doping carbon film conduct
Application of the electrode in electro-catalysis field.
9. application as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that using porous N doping carbon film as application of electrode in N2Reduction, tool
Body way are as follows: by prepared porous N doping carbon film directly as working electrode, Ag/AgCl is reference electrode, and platinum filament is pair
Electrode, aqueous hydrochloric acid solution are electrolyte, and the faradic efficiency that electro-catalysis restores ammonia is 22%, and it is with very high
Stability, follow-on test 192 hours, what can be continued convert nitrogen to ammonia, yield be every square metre of carbon film per hour
0.36g ammonia can be prepared.
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| CN109908887B (en) * | 2019-02-03 | 2020-10-02 | 北京理工大学 | Nano metal bismuth catalyst supported by micro-oxidation conductive carbon black and application thereof |
| CN109759143B (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2021-07-30 | 济南大学 | Co3O4Preparation method and application of NP/CD/Co-MOF composite material |
| CN111686766B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2021-09-21 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Metal-fluorine doped carbon composite material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation |
| CN110217780A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-10 | 陕西师范大学 | A kind of preparation method of the N doping hole graphene of load C o |
| CN110813293A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-21 | 曲阜师范大学 | Preparation method and application of Cu NPs-rGO electrocatalyst |
| CN111483999B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2022-11-08 | 常熟氢能源研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube and application of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube |
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