CN108094454A - 一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂 - Google Patents

一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂 Download PDF

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CN108094454A
CN108094454A CN201810043956.8A CN201810043956A CN108094454A CN 108094454 A CN108094454 A CN 108094454A CN 201810043956 A CN201810043956 A CN 201810043956A CN 108094454 A CN108094454 A CN 108094454A
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vegetable seeds
germination rate
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周承东
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Anhui Huahe Seed Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，涉及农业种植技术领域，凹凸棒土10‑25份、氧化铁3‑5份、滑石粉10‑15份、壳聚糖5‑10份、腐植酸4‑9份、赤霉素1‑6份、警戒色3‑5份、成膜剂6‑12份、杀菌剂3‑8份、杀虫剂1‑3份和微量元素0.4‑1.2份；本发明蔬菜种子包衣剂不含有毒物质，降低对环境的污染，保护种子表皮，提高种子的萌发率，并且制备工艺简单，原料成本低廉，具有很好的市场应用前景。

Description

一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂
技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植技术领域，具体涉及一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂。
背景技术
我国是农业大国，国以农为本。但随着人口的增多，耕地面积不断减少，要解决人多地少的矛盾，提高粮食产量是关键，而农以种为先，种子的好坏直接影响农作物生产和产量的高低，目前农民已摆脱自留种子的历史，更加注重种子的质量，要求种子出苗率更高，植株抗性更好，产量更高，因此种子的加工与处理就显得尤为重要。
种子包衣技术是近年来被我国农业专家大力推崇和广大农民普遍欢迎的农业生产新技术，并已在生产时间取得了很好的效果。包衣技术是建设高产、优质、高效现代化农业和农业可持续发展的重要手段，种子的包衣化是提升科技水平和生产水平的重要技术措施之一。
目前市场上的蔬菜种子包衣剂含有大量的化学物质，在使用中会对土壤及环境产生较大的污染，不符合绿色生态农业发展的要求。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，本发明蔬菜种子包衣剂不含有毒物质，降低对环境的污染，保护种子表皮，提高种子的萌发率，并且制备工艺简单，原料成本低廉，具有很好的市场应用前景。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，括以下按重量份计的原料：
凹凸棒土10-25份、氧化铁3-5份、滑石粉10-15份、壳聚糖5-10份、腐植酸4-9份、赤霉素1-6份、警戒色3-5份、成膜剂6-12份、杀菌剂3-8份、杀虫剂1-3份和微量元素0.4-1.2份。
优选地，包括以下重量份计的原料：凹凸棒土18份、氧化铁4份、滑石粉12份、壳聚糖7份、腐植酸6份、赤霉素3份、警戒色4份、成膜剂9份、杀菌剂6份、杀虫剂2份和微量元素0.8份。
优选地，所述微量元素由硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒混合组成，硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒的质量比为2:1:1:1.5:1。
优选地，所述成膜剂为聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯脂、羟甲基纤维素、***树胶、明胶、黄原胶和淀粉的中一种或几种混合组成。
优选地，所述杀菌剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、二氯异氰尿酸钠、氯溴异氰尿酸、丙硫多菌灵、多菌灵和甲基多菌灵中的一种或几种混合组成。
优选地，所述杀虫剂制备方法为将鱼藤根20-28份、穿心莲7-18份、苦参10-15份、狼毒6-13份、百部10-15份和粉防己6-12份分别烘干后，研磨成粉末状，混合搅拌均匀即可。
优选地，所述警戒色为胭脂红、靛蓝洋红和地衣红中的任一中。
本发明还公开了一种上述用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)称取原料：按照上述原料的重量份数称取各原料；
(2)物料粉碎：将凹凸棒土、氧化铁、滑石粉、壳聚糖、腐植酸、赤霉素、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和微量元素放入研磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径至100-300目，搅拌混合均匀，得到混合物料M；
(3)物料混合：向步骤(2)中制得的混合物料M加入警戒色和成膜剂，混合均匀后，投入到高速剪切机中，并加入20-35重量份的去离子水，以700-1000转/分钟的速度使物料混合均匀，得到混合物料N；
(4)造粒、烘干：将步骤(3)中制得的混合物料N投入造粒机中进行挤出造粒，对颗粒进行烘干，即得用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂。
优选地，所述步骤(4)的对颗粒进行烘干为烘干至颗粒水分含量不大于5％。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：
(1)、本发明蔬菜种子包衣剂不含有毒物质，降低对环境的污染，保护种子表皮，提高种子的萌发率，并且制备工艺简单，原料成本低廉，具有很好的市场应用前景；
(2)、本发明原料中添加有氧化铁，蔬菜种子中含有极少的铁元素，但铁元素参与许多氧化还原酶催化部位的组成，如电子传递中的细胞色素氧酶；铁元素直接或间接的参与光合、呼吸、固氮作用及硝酸盐还原过程中电子的传递，此外还与细胞***有关系，影响细胞种子的发育和萌芽；
(3)本发明原料中添加有赤霉素，赤霉素是一种高效植物生长调节剂，适量的能促进作物生长发育，能迅速打破种子的器官休眠，促进发芽；
(4)本发明原料中添加有腐殖酸，腐殖酸能与蔬菜种子外部环境中金属离子交换、吸附、络合、螯合等作用；有助于营养元素向蔬菜种子内部传递，并能改善蔬菜种子外部的土壤环境，促进蔬菜种子的萌芽。
(5)本发明原料中添加有杀虫剂和杀菌剂，杀虫剂和杀菌剂包裹种子表面，防止种子被细菌和土壤中的害虫侵害，减少种子的毁坏率，增加种子的存活率，并且本发明中使用的杀虫剂为中草药粉末杀虫剂，不会产生化学残留，绿色环保，对人体健康和环境均无害；
(6)本发明原料中添加有凹凸棒土和滑石粉，凹凸棒土和滑石粉混合包覆在种子表面，为种子提供一种适合***和萌芽的环境，减少外界环境对种子的影响；
(7)本发明原料中添加有壳聚糖，壳聚糖是天然的植物促长剂，既能给植物杀虫、抗病、起到肥料的作用，又能分解土壤中植物残体剂微量金属元素，转化为植物的营养素，增强植物免疫力，对蔬菜种子萌芽具有很重要的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，括以下按重量份计的原料：
凹凸棒土10份、氧化铁3份、滑石粉10份、壳聚糖5份、腐植酸4份、赤霉素1份、警戒色3份、成膜剂6份、杀菌剂3份、杀虫剂1份和微量元素0.4份。
微量元素由硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒混合组成，硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒的质量比为2:1:1:1.5:1。
成膜剂为聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯脂、羟甲基纤维素按照质量比1:1:1混合组成。
杀菌剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、丙硫多菌灵、多菌灵按照质量比2:1:1混合组成。
本实施例中上述杀虫剂制备方法为：
将鱼藤根20份、穿心莲7份、苦参10份、狼毒6份、百部10份和粉防己6份分别烘干后，研磨成粉末状，混合搅拌均匀即可。
警戒色为胭脂红。
本实施例中还公开了一种上述用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)称取原料：按照上述原料的重量份数称取各原料；
(2)物料粉碎：将凹凸棒土、氧化铁、滑石粉、壳聚糖、腐植酸、赤霉素、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和微量元素放入研磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径至100目，搅拌混合均匀，得到混合物料M；
(3)物料混合：向步骤(2)中制得的混合物料M加入警戒色和成膜剂，混合均匀后，投入到高速剪切机中，并加入20重量份的去离子水，以700转/分钟的速度使物料混合均匀，得到混合物料N；
(4)造粒、烘干：将步骤(3)中制得的混合物料N投入造粒机中进行挤出造粒，对颗粒进行烘干，即得用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂。
优选地，所述步骤(4)的对颗粒进行烘干为烘干至颗粒水分含量为5％。
实施例2
一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，括以下按重量份计的原料：
凹凸棒土25份、氧化铁5份、滑石粉15份、壳聚糖10份、腐植酸9份、赤霉素6份、警戒色5份、成膜剂12份、杀菌剂8份、杀虫剂3份和微量元素1.2份。
微量元素由硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒混合组成，硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒的质量比为2:1:1:1.5:1。
成膜剂为***树胶、明胶和黄原胶按照质量比1:1:1混合组成。
杀菌剂为二氯异氰尿酸钠和氯溴异氰尿酸按照质量比2:1混合组成。
本实施例中上述杀虫剂制备方法为：
将鱼藤根28份、穿心莲18份、苦参15份、狼毒13份、百部15份和粉防己12份分别烘干后，研磨成粉末状，混合搅拌均匀即可。
警戒色为靛蓝洋红。
本实施例中还公开了一种上述用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)称取原料：按照上述原料的重量份数称取各原料；
(2)物料粉碎：将凹凸棒土、氧化铁、滑石粉、壳聚糖、腐植酸、赤霉素、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和微量元素放入研磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径至300目，搅拌混合均匀，得到混合物料M；
(3)物料混合：向步骤(2)中制得的混合物料M加入警戒色和成膜剂，混合均匀后，投入到高速剪切机中，并加入35重量份的去离子水，以1000转/分钟的速度使物料混合均匀，得到混合物料N；
(4)造粒、烘干：将步骤(3)中制得的混合物料N投入造粒机中进行挤出造粒，对颗粒进行烘干，即得用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂。
步骤(4)的对颗粒进行烘干为烘干至颗粒水分含量为3％。
实施例3
一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，括以下按重量份计的原料：
凹凸棒土18份、氧化铁4份、滑石粉12份、壳聚糖7份、腐植酸6份、赤霉素3份、警戒色4份、成膜剂9份、杀菌剂6份、杀虫剂2份和微量元素0.8份。
微量元素由硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒混合组成，硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒的质量比为2:1:1:1.5:1。
成膜剂为聚醋酸乙烯脂和羟甲基纤维素按照质量比1:1混合组成。
杀菌剂为甲基多菌灵。
本实施例中上述杀虫剂制备方法为：
将鱼藤根25份、穿心莲10份、苦参13份、狼毒9份、百部12份和粉防己10份分别烘干后，研磨成粉末状，混合搅拌均匀即可。
警戒色为地衣红中。
本实施例中还公开了一种上述用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂的制备方法，具体地，包括以下步骤：
(1)称取原料：按照上述原料的重量份数称取各原料；
(2)物料粉碎：将凹凸棒土、氧化铁、滑石粉、壳聚糖、腐植酸、赤霉素、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和微量元素放入研磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径至220目，搅拌混合均匀，得到混合物料M；
(3)物料混合：向步骤(2)中制得的混合物料M加入警戒色和成膜剂，混合均匀后，投入到高速剪切机中，并加入28重量份的去离子水，以850转/分钟的速度使物料混合均匀，得到混合物料N；
(4)造粒、烘干：将步骤(3)中制得的混合物料N投入造粒机中进行挤出造粒，对颗粒进行烘干，即得用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂。
步骤(4)的对颗粒进行烘干为烘干至颗粒水分含量为4.5％。
应用实施例
取一定量的白菜种子、菠菜种子和辣椒种子进行用实施例1-3制得的包衣剂进行处理后栽培育苗，不经过任何处理的相同数量的白菜种子、菠菜种子和辣椒种子作为空白试验，进行栽培育苗，同时间段内观察各蔬菜种子的生长情况和出苗率，试验结果如下表1记录：
表1：
由上表1可以看出，无论是白菜、菠菜或是西红柿，用实施例1-3制得包衣剂处理过后的种子与未经包衣剂处理过的种子相比，出芽率，幼苗长势和相同时间幼苗生长的高度均具有明显优势。
因此，可以得出，本发明蔬菜种子包衣剂可以提高种子的萌发率，并且有助于提高种子的后期幼苗长势和幼苗生命力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的原料：凹凸棒土10-25份、氧化铁3-5份、滑石粉10-15份、壳聚糖5-10份、腐植酸4-9份、赤霉素1-6份、警戒色3-5份、成膜剂6-12份、杀菌剂3-8份、杀虫剂1-3份和微量元素0.4-1.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，包括以下重量份计的原料：凹凸棒土18份、氧化铁4份、滑石粉12份、壳聚糖7份、腐植酸6份、赤霉素3份、警戒色4份、成膜剂9份、杀菌剂6份、杀虫剂2份和微量元素0.8份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，所述微量元素由硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒混合组成，硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铬、硫酸硒和硫酸钒的质量比为2:1:1:1.5:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，所述成膜剂为聚乙烯醇、聚醋酸乙烯脂、羟甲基纤维素、***树胶、明胶、黄原胶和淀粉的中一种或几种混合组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，所述杀菌剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、二氯异氰尿酸钠、氯溴异氰尿酸、丙硫多菌灵、多菌灵和甲基多菌灵中的一种或几种混合组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，所述杀虫剂制备方法为将鱼藤根20-28份、穿心莲7-18份、苦参10-15份、狼毒6-13份、百部10-15份和粉防己6-12份分别烘干后，研磨成粉末状，混合搅拌均匀即可。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂，其特征在于，所述警戒色为胭脂红、靛蓝洋红和地衣红中的任一中。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)称取原料：按照上述原料的重量份数称取各原料；
(2)物料粉碎：将凹凸棒土、氧化铁、滑石粉、壳聚糖、腐植酸、赤霉素、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和微量元素放入研磨机中研磨至颗粒粒径至100-300目，搅拌混合均匀，得到混合物料M；
(3)物料混合：向步骤(2)中制得的混合物料M加入警戒色和成膜剂，混合均匀后，投入到高速剪切机中，并加入20-35重量份的去离子水，以700-1000转/分钟的速度使物料混合均匀，得到混合物料N；
(4)造粒、烘干：将步骤(3)中制得的混合物料N投入造粒机中进行挤出造粒，对颗粒进行烘干，即得用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于提高萌发率的蔬菜种子包衣剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)的对颗粒进行烘干为烘干至颗粒水分含量不大于5％。
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RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication