CN108092601B - Photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system - Google Patents
Photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108092601B CN108092601B CN201611048088.XA CN201611048088A CN108092601B CN 108092601 B CN108092601 B CN 108092601B CN 201611048088 A CN201611048088 A CN 201611048088A CN 108092601 B CN108092601 B CN 108092601B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
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- H02J3/385—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention mainly relates to a photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system, which is implemented by adopting an integrated scheme of photovoltaic inversion and energy storage, wherein a control unit is used for controlling an inversion circuit module to perform alternating current-direct current reverse conversion and output reverse direct current, controlling a bidirectional direct current conversion module to perform voltage conversion on the reverse direct current and output the reverse direct current to a storage battery unit to perform charging, and controlling a photovoltaic battery pack string to charge the storage battery unit. The energy storage technology is claimed to be applied to a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, a feasibility scheme is provided for solving the adverse effect of photovoltaic power generation on a power grid, and the energy storage inversion scheme is an economic dispatch for photovoltaic access to the power grid under the condition of meeting various safety constraints.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to an integrated scheme for implementing photovoltaic inversion and energy storage, which is advocated to apply an energy storage technology to a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, provide a feasible scheme based on coping with sudden events such as power grid interruption or large-area power failure, and also provide a scheduling measure for peak clipping and valley filling of an urban power grid, and enable the energy storage inversion scheme to be economical scheduling for photovoltaic access to the power grid under the condition of meeting various safety constraints.
Background
The development and application of photovoltaic power generation are rapid, traditional photovoltaic installation is developed to be mature, and the newly-increased solar power generation installed capacity of almost tens of thousands of kilowatts in China is displayed according to the latest data. The output power of the photovoltaic power supply is changed drastically along with the change of environmental factors such as illumination intensity, temperature and the like, so that the increasingly strong distributed small installed capacity of the photovoltaic power supply can also make the power grid overwhelm while affecting the economic operation of the power grid. It becomes increasingly important that the photovoltaic power generation ensures the safety and reliability of power supply, if the problem of unstable output of the photovoltaic power station can be solved by providing an energy storage device for the grid-connected photovoltaic power station from the perspective of the photovoltaic power station, the energy storage technology is applied to the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, a feasible scheme is provided for solving the adverse effect of the photovoltaic power generation on the power grid, meanwhile, the economy of a user and the power grid is improved, and the energy storage inverter is widely considered to be a future development trend in the industry based on the application experience of the past energy storage inverter. Conversely, if the energy storage technology is not applied, the negative influence of the photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system on the power grid is larger. On one hand, because the branch power flow of the power grid generally flows unidirectionally, when the photovoltaic power supply is connected to the power grid, the mode of the power flow of the system is fundamentally changed, the power flow becomes unpredictable, the voltage adjustment is difficult to maintain, even abnormal response occurs to the voltage adjustment equipment of the power distribution network, and the power supply reliability of the system is affected. On the other hand, because the self output of the photovoltaic power supply is unstable, the schedulability is limited, and when the photovoltaic power generation system is in grid-connected operation, the system must increase the rotation reserve with corresponding capacity, thereby reducing the utilization hours of the unit and sacrificing the economical operation of the power grid. In addition, photovoltaic electricity prices differ from conventional electricity prices, so it is not clear how to economically schedule a grid under conditions that meet various safety constraints.
The photovoltaic energy storage inversion system can supply photovoltaic power generation to families and store redundant electric energy into the battery, and the electric energy is automatically input into a power grid when the battery is full, so that the electric energy is conveniently allocated to other users for use. Therefore, through reasonably distributing photovoltaic, battery and power grid electric energy, the household electricity self-sufficiency can be ensured, the self-utilization proportion of the photovoltaic can be improved to the greatest extent without depending on the power grid, and the load of the power grid is reduced. The most important features of photovoltaic power generation are periodicity and volatility. The traditional inverter is matched with a solar panel to convert solar energy into alternating current for household use. However, because average seven-generation electricity consumption of a common household is in the evening, a process of solar power generation in the daytime and power grid buying at night is formed. The unbalanced demand of power generation and power consumption needs to be utilized to the intelligent micro-grid technology, so that a system which can be operated in a grid-connected mode with an external power grid or independently operated is formed. The intelligent photovoltaic energy storage grid-connected system can enable household power to use low-price trough electric energy, saves electricity charge expense for residents, and simultaneously utilizes the information acquisition module and the data analysis terminal to provide remote monitoring and control service for clients.
In the photovoltaic power generation system in the prior art, the photovoltaic inverter can be used for grid-connected power generation or off-grid power supply for local loads under the condition of high illumination radiation intensity so as to meet the power consumption requirement of the local loads. However, under the condition that the air is not illuminated or is weak in illumination at night or in overcast and rainy days, the photovoltaic inverter can stop working due to no energy input, the power utilization requirement of a local load cannot be met, and grid-connected power generation cannot be achieved. In order to solve the problem, an energy storage device is generally added on the basis of the photovoltaic power generation system at the present stage, so that a photovoltaic inversion energy storage system is formed, the working time of a photovoltaic inverter is prolonged, and the photovoltaic power generation benefit is improved. The energy storage device comprises an energy storage battery and a voltage converter connected with the energy storage battery, the voltage converter is connected with the input end of the photovoltaic inverter, in practical application, redundant solar energy generated by the photovoltaic panel is converted through the voltage converter and then stored into the energy storage battery to charge the energy storage battery, and when the photovoltaic battery is insufficient in power supply, the energy storage battery is discharged through the voltage converter to meet the power consumption requirement of a power grid or a local load. However, continuous researches show that for the existing photovoltaic inversion energy storage system, under the conditions of short-time output sudden rise and dip and the like caused by load mutation or photovoltaic panel shadow and the like, the energy storage battery can be frequently subjected to charge and discharge switching, the service life of the energy storage battery is seriously influenced, and more importantly, the voltage which leads to grid connection frequently fluctuates.
In addition, the prior art relates to the management of the inverter to the battery, mainly comprising the steps of monitoring parameters of the battery in real time, performing fault diagnosis, SOC estimation, short-circuit protection, electric leakage monitoring, display alarm, charge and discharge mode selection and the like by a battery management system BMS, and performing information interaction with a controller through a CAN bus, so that the battery CAN operate efficiently, reliably and safely. However, in the field of photovoltaic power generation, the battery management system BMS not only brings about a cost problem, but also has no ready management mode for management between the solar photovoltaic module and the storage battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI is disclosed, having a storage battery unit 200 and a bi-directional converter unit PCS, the bi-directional converter unit PCS having at least an inverter circuit module 340, the inverter circuit module 340 directly inverting photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or a front voltage provided by the storage battery unit 200 into an alternating current that is either grid-connected to a utility grid (public power grid) or off-grid operated. The control unit 320 controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform inversion conversion of direct current to alternating current, and also controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform inversion voltage conversion of alternating current to direct current and output inversion direct current, wherein the control unit 320 controls the inversion direct current to be used for charging the battery unit 200 and controls the photovoltaic cell string PV to charge the battery unit 200.
The following features are met in this embodiment where the DC/DC module may be omitted.
First, if viewed from the perspective of converting direct current DC to alternating current AC, the control unit 320 can directly control the inversion of the pre-stage voltage V F1 to alternating current, the pre-stage voltage V F1 does not need to be processed by the DC/DC module, and one of the functions of the integrated photovoltaic energy storage inversion system BSI is to invert the energy of the photovoltaic cell/storage battery into alternating current.
Next, if viewed from the perspective of AC to DC conversion, the control unit 320 further controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform AC to DC reverse voltage conversion and output reverse DC V B1, and provides the reverse DC V B1 to the battery unit 200 to perform charging, and the photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI has an additional function of converting AC of utility power into DC stored in the battery unit 200.
Furthermore, the control unit 320 also controls the charging of the battery cells 200 by the strings of photovoltaic cells PV-1 to PV-N if viewed from the perspective of the direct current DC to direct current DC transition. This means that the function of the photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI is also to convert the energy of the photovoltaic cells into direct current that is stored in the battery unit 200.
In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, a photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI is disclosed having a battery unit 200, including a bi-directional converter unit PCS having a bi-directional dc conversion module 330 and an inverter circuit module 340; the bidirectional dc conversion module 330 is at least used for performing Voltage conversion (Voltage conversion) on the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the front Voltage provided by the battery unit 200, thereby generating the rear dc, and providing the rear dc to the inverter circuit module 340; the inverter circuit module 340 is at least used for inverting the latter stage of direct current into alternating current which is connected to the public power grid (public power grid) or alternating current which runs off-grid. The photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI further includes a control unit 320.
The following several features are met in this embodiment with a bi-directional dc conversion module 330.
First, if viewed from the perspective of converting the direct current DC to the alternating current AC, the control unit 320 not only needs to control the bidirectional direct current conversion module 330 to perform voltage conversion from the front stage voltage V F1 to the rear stage direct current V F2, but also controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform inverter conversion from the rear stage direct current V F2 to the alternating current. This means that one of the functions of the photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI is to invert the energy of the photovoltaic cell/battery into alternating current.
Next, if viewed from the perspective of alternating current AC to direct current DC conversion, the control unit 320 also controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform alternating current to direct current reverse voltage conversion and output reverse direct current V B1, and controls the bidirectional direct current conversion module 330 to perform voltage conversion of the reverse direct current V B1 to output voltage V B2, and supplies the voltage V B2 to the battery unit 200 to perform charging. This means that the further function of the integrated photovoltaic energy storage inversion system BSI is to convert the alternating current of the mains supply into direct current which is stored in the battery unit 200.
Furthermore, the control unit 320 also controls the charging of the battery cells 200 by the strings of photovoltaic cells PV-1 to PV-N if viewed from the perspective of the direct current DC to direct current DC transition. This means that the function of the photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system BSI is also to convert the energy of the photovoltaic cells into direct current that is stored in the battery unit 200.
The above-mentioned integrated system BSI of photovoltaic energy storage and inversion establishes a direct communication mechanism between the control unit 320 and the battery unit 200, for example, a relatively compatible CAN bus communication protocol, and the control unit 320 monitors the electricity storage condition of the battery unit 200; the control unit 320 determines whether to notify the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the bi-directional converter unit PCS to stop or start providing energy to the storage battery unit 200 according to the electricity storage condition, which is specifically defined as follows: the control unit 320 should activate the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the bi-directional converter unit PCS to supply energy to the battery unit 200 when the battery unit 200 is too low to be below a low voltage threshold, and the control unit 320 should implement stopping the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the bi-directional converter unit PCS to supply energy to the battery unit 200 when the battery unit 200 is too high to be above a high voltage threshold. In an alternative, but not necessary, embodiment, a circuit breaking module/relay driven by the control unit 320 may be disposed between the photovoltaic cell string PV and the bi-directional current converting unit PCS and the battery unit 200, so that whether the photovoltaic cell string PV and the bi-directional current converting unit PCS provide power to the battery unit 200 may be implemented by controlling the circuit breaking module/relay to be turned on or off.
In the above-mentioned integrated photovoltaic energy storage inversion system BSI, each string of photovoltaic cell strings PV is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells 101 connected in series, and each photovoltaic cell 101 is configured with a voltage conversion circuit 100 for performing maximum power tracking MPPT; wherein the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 characterizes the actual voltage provided by that photovoltaic cell 101 on the string of photovoltaic cells PV. And the total voltage on any string of the photovoltaic cell strings PV is equal to the superposition of the voltages output by all the voltage conversion circuits 100 in the string, and in fact, the superposition is the cascade voltage value of one string of the photovoltaic cell strings PV.
In the above-mentioned integrated photovoltaic energy storage and inversion system BSI, the control unit 320 controls the manner in which the photovoltaic cell string charges the storage battery unit 200 is as follows: the control unit 320 informs the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each of the photovoltaic cells 101 in the photovoltaic cell string to adjust the voltage and/or current outputted therefrom until the string voltage value of each of the photovoltaic cell strings PV is adjusted to a predetermined voltage range and/or the string current is adjusted to a predetermined current range, in general, whether the string voltage value of one string or a plurality of strings of the photovoltaic cell strings PV is applied to the battery unit 200, the supplied voltage should be satisfied within the rated charge voltage range of the battery unit 200, and the charge current should conform to the rated current range of the battery unit 200.
In the above-mentioned integrated system BSI, since the control unit 320 needs to control the cascade voltage value of the photovoltaic cell strings PV and even more other parameters, in order to meet the communication requirements between them, especially when the control unit 320 sends an instruction to instruct the voltage conversion circuit 100 to adjust the output voltage or current value of the voltage conversion circuit 100, the voltage conversion circuit 100 and the control unit 320 are respectively configured with a carrier transmitting module and a carrier receiving module, so that the control unit 320 can establish communication with the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 in each photovoltaic cell string PV by means of power carrier communication.
In the above-mentioned integrated system BSI of photovoltaic energy storage and inversion, the carrier transmitting module 310 configured by the control unit 320 is provided with a carrier transmitting transformer T C disposed on a transmission line coupling the photovoltaic cell string PV to the PCS of the bidirectional converter unit, and the carrier transmitting transformer T C has the following roles: the control unit 320 for example sends a carrier pulse to the primary winding of the transformer, which secondary winding, because of the connection to the transmission line, couples the carrier pulse to the transmission line, the carrier receiving module of the voltage converting circuit 100 can sense the carrier pulse from the transmission line. The carrier receiving module CT of the control unit 320 is further configured with a detection unit, for example an air coil, for monitoring the carrier information on the transmission line and a filter for extracting the carrier signal carrying the data with the specified frequency range from the carrier information, the other carrier information not in the specified frequency range possibly being noise or related noise and needing to be filtered out.
In the above-mentioned integrated system BSI of photovoltaic energy storage inversion, the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is applied to the output capacitor C O thereof, and the switch S E is disposed in the voltage conversion circuit 100, and the output capacitor C O and the switch S E thereof are connected in series. When the switch S E of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is turned on, the voltage conversion circuit 100 performs voltage conversion on the photovoltaic voltage generated by the photovoltaic cell received by the voltage conversion circuit 100 and outputs the converted voltage on the output capacitor C O, and at this stage, the voltage conversion circuit 100 is a normal voltage converter (voltage converter) and can output a relatively normal stable voltage value; when the switch S E of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is turned off, the voltage conversion circuit 100 will output an excitation pulse instead of a smooth voltage value due to: at this time, the PWM signal PWM driving the voltage conversion circuit 100 forces the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 to change step by step according to the frequency of the PWM signal, the step voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 is regarded as an excitation pulse, the voltage conversion circuit 100 couples the excitation pulse that hops between high and low levels to the transmission line that is serially connected with the photovoltaic cell string as a carrier signal, it is obvious that the voltage conversion circuit 100 does not exhibit a normal voltage converter (voltage converter) and cannot output a relatively normal steady voltage value, and at this time, the PWM signal driving the voltage conversion circuit 100 is originally used for performing the MPPT operation, but the PWM signal PWM becomes a source of the excitation pulse generation due to the switch S E being turned off.
In the above-mentioned integrated system BSI, the carrier receiving module configured by the voltage converting circuit 100 is provided with a detecting unit, such as a rogowski air coil, and a filter, where the detecting unit is used for monitoring the carrier information on the transmission line, and the filter is used for extracting the carrier signal with the data in the specified frequency range from the carrier information.
In the above-mentioned integrated system BSI, the control unit 320 controls the cascade voltage value of the photovoltaic cell string to be the constant dc voltage applied to the storage battery unit 200 during charging by controlling the magnitude of the output current of the voltage conversion circuit 100, or controls the magnitude of the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 to further control the magnitude of the cascade voltage value to be the constant dc voltage applied to the storage battery unit 200 during charging.
In another embodiment, the invention discloses an energy storage method based on a photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system, each string of photovoltaic cell strings PV is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells 101 connected in series, each photovoltaic cell 101 is provided with a voltage conversion circuit 100 for executing maximum power tracking MPPT, and the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 represents the actual voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell 101 on the photovoltaic cell string PV; the method for controlling the storage battery unit 200 to store energy by the control unit 320 includes: firstly, the control unit 320 and the storage battery unit 200 establish communication, and the control unit 320 analyzes the electricity storage condition of the storage battery unit 200 and judges whether the storage battery unit 200 needs to be charged; the bidirectional direct current conversion module 330 of the bidirectional converter unit PCS is selected to convert the reverse direct current into voltage and output the voltage to the storage battery unit 200 to perform charging if charging is required, or to charge the storage battery unit 200 by a photovoltaic cell string PV.
In the above method, the voltage conversion circuit 100 and the control unit 320 are configured with a carrier transmitting module and a carrier receiving module, and the control unit 320 establishes communication with the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 in each photovoltaic cell string PV through a power carrier PLC; when the control unit 320 selects the charging of the battery cell 200 by the photovoltaic cell string PV: the control unit 320 signals the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 in the photovoltaic cell string PV to adjust the output voltage through a carrier signal until the cascade voltage value of the photovoltaic cell string PV is adjusted to a predetermined voltage range.
In the above method, the control unit 320 controls the voltage value of the string of photovoltaic cells PV to be the constant dc current applied to the battery cell 200 during charging by controlling the magnitude of the output current of the voltage conversion circuit 100, or controls the magnitude of the voltage value of the string to be the constant dc voltage applied to the battery cell 200 during charging.
In the above method, the carrier wave transmitting module configured by the control unit 320 is provided with a carrier wave transmitting transformer disposed on a transmission line coupling the photovoltaic cell string to the bidirectional converter unit; the carrier receiving module CT configured by the control unit is provided with a detecting unit and a filter, the detecting unit is used for monitoring the carrier information on the transmission line, and the filter is used for extracting the carrier signal with the specified frequency range and carrying the data from the carrier information.
In the above method, the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is applied to the output capacitor C O thereof, and the switch S E is provided in the voltage conversion circuit 100, and the output capacitor C O is connected in series with the switch S E thereof; when the switch S E of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is turned on in the first mode, the voltage conversion circuit 100 voltage-converts the received photovoltaic voltage to output on the output capacitor C O; when the switch S E of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is turned off in the second mode, the voltage conversion circuit 100 couples an excitation pulse that jumps between high and low levels to a transmission line that is connected in series to the photovoltaic cell string PV as a carrier signal, the excitation pulse being derived from: the pwm signal driving the voltage conversion circuit 100 at this time forces the voltage output from the voltage conversion circuit 100 to change stepwise with the frequency of the pwm signal, and the output step voltage is regarded as an excitation pulse.
In the above-described method, the carrier receiving module CT of the voltage converting circuit 100 is configured with a detection unit like an air coil for monitoring the carrier information on the transmission line and a filter for extracting the carrier signal carrying the data having the specified frequency range from the carrier information.
Drawings
The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application example of photovoltaic cell dc to ac in a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a bi-directional converter unit ac to dc power for a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell dc power to battery charging of a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system.
Fig. 4 is an exemplary schematic diagram of dc to ac power from a battery cell of a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system.
Fig. 5 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a bi-directional dc conversion module for performing voltage conversion from a subsequent stage to a previous stage.
Fig. 6 is an exemplary schematic diagram of charging a large number of battery arrays in a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system.
Fig. 7 is an exemplary schematic diagram of bi-directional communication between a photovoltaic cell and a control unit in a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system.
Fig. 8 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the bi-directional converter unit without any dc-to-dc voltage conversion module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following examples, but the described examples are only examples for illustrative purposes and not all examples, on the basis of which those skilled in the art can obtain solutions without making any inventive effort, which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a simplified photovoltaic module array PV-ARR is the basis of a photovoltaic power generation system, in which a plurality of basic strings PV-1 to PV-N, each string PV being composed of a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells 101, are installed, each photovoltaic cell 101 being configured with a voltage conversion circuit 100 that performs maximum power tracking MPPT. The voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 represents the actual voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell 101 on the photovoltaic cell string PV, and assuming that any one of the photovoltaic cell strings PV is connected in series with the first-stage photovoltaic cell 101 and the second-stage photovoltaic cell 101 … … up to the M-th-stage photovoltaic cell 101, where M is a natural number, the first-stage voltage conversion circuit 100 is used for performing maximum power tracking on the photovoltaic voltage source of the first-stage photovoltaic cell 101 to perform voltage conversion and output V 1, and the like to the M-th-stage voltage conversion circuit 100 is used for performing maximum power tracking on the photovoltaic voltage source of the M-th-stage photovoltaic cell 101 to perform voltage conversion and output V M, so that the total string voltage on any one of the photovoltaic cell strings PV can be known to be equal to: the voltage V 1 output by the first-stage voltage conversion circuit 100 plus the voltage V 2 output by the second-stage voltage conversion circuit 100 plus the voltage … … output by the third-stage voltage conversion circuit 100 until the voltage V M added to the voltage output by the M-th-stage voltage conversion circuit 100 is equal to V 1+V2+……VM. The voltage conversion circuit 100 may be a BOOST, BUCK, or BUCK-BOOST circuit, and it should be emphasized that any scheme disclosed and disclosed in the prior art for maximum power tracking of photovoltaic cells is equally applicable to the voltage conversion circuit 100 of the present application, and thus the present application does not describe separately how the voltage conversion circuit 100 performs the scheme of maximum power tracking.
Referring to fig. 1, a photovoltaic energy Storage inversion integrated system Battery Storage INVERTER SYSTEM will be simply referred to as BSI in the context of the present application, where the energy Storage inversion system BSI is used with a photovoltaic module array PV-ARR, and the energy Storage inversion system BSI inverts energy of the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR into ac power, or converts ac power of a mains supply into dc power stored in a Storage Battery, or converts energy of the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR into dc power stored in the Storage Battery, and because the Storage Battery stores energy, the energy Storage inversion system BSI can also invert energy of the Storage Battery into ac power. Under the condition of high irradiation intensity in daytime, the BSI of the energy storage inversion system can be used for grid-connected power generation or off-grid power supply of local loads by using the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR so as to meet the power consumption requirement of the local loads, and under the condition of no illumination or overcast and rainy weather at night, the energy storage device added with the BSI of the energy storage inversion system forms an extra energy source, so that the working time of photovoltaic inversion is prolonged, and the power generation benefit is improved. Obviously, the practical application of the BSI of the energy storage inversion system has huge significance, can cope with sudden events such as power grid interruption or large-area power failure, and can also bear the dispatching of peak clipping and valley filling of the power grid. The alternating current injected into the public power grid can supply power for other power consumption users, more alternating current in off-grid operation is self-powered by a power generator without injecting the alternating current into the public power grid, and the power generator is connected to the public power grid or can coexist in off-grid operation, and when the electric quantity is abundant, the power generator can be connected to the grid and has high power consumption, the off-grid operation can be independently adopted.
Referring to fig. 1, the energy storage inverter system BSI has a battery unit 200 serving as an energy storage device, and further includes a bi-directional converter unit PCS having a bi-directional direct current conversion module 330 and an inverter circuit module 340 in order to be able to switch between direct current and alternating current. The photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N supply power to the bidirectional dc conversion module 330 in parallel, specifically, assuming that the bidirectional dc conversion module 330 has a set of a first input terminal N P1 and a second input terminal N P2, the equivalent anode of the cascade voltage provided by the first string of photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 is connected to the first input terminal N P1 of the bidirectional dc conversion module 330, the equivalent cathode of the cascade voltage provided by the first string of photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 is connected to the second input terminal N P2 of the bidirectional dc conversion module 330, the equivalent anode of the cascade voltage of the last nth string of photovoltaic cell strings PV-N is connected to the first input terminal N P1 of the bidirectional dc conversion module 330, and the equivalent cathode of the cascade voltage provided by the nth string of photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 is also connected to the second input terminal N P2 of the bidirectional dc conversion module 330, that is, the photovoltaic modules are connected in series and then in parallel.
Referring to fig. 1, the bi-directional dc conversion module 330 may receive power supplied from the battery unit 200 in addition to power supplied from the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR, and the equivalent positive and negative electrodes of the battery unit 200 may be connected to the first and second input terminals N P1 and N P2, respectively. The bi-directional dc conversion module 330 in the bi-directional converter PCS performs Voltage conversion on the front Voltage V F1 provided by the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR (the battery strings PV-1 to PV-N) or the battery unit 200 to generate the back-stage dc Voltage V F2, note that the front Voltage V F1 and the back-stage Voltage V F2 are both dc voltages. The bi-directional dc conversion module 330 may be a BOOST, BUCK, or BUCK-BOOST based circuit, so that the former voltage V F1 and the latter voltage V F2 are both selectable to be greater or less than the latter. The bidirectional converter unit PCS has the function of converting direct current into direct current, also has the function of converting direct current into alternating current or converting alternating current into direct current, after the inverter circuit module 340 arranged in the bidirectional converter unit PCS receives the post-stage direct current V F2, the inverter circuit module 340 inverts the post-stage direct current V F2 into alternating current which is connected to a public power grid (public power grid) in a grid mode, the public of the power grid is supplied for use, or the post-stage voltage V F2 is inverted into other off-grid running alternating current, the off-grid alternating current does not need to be connected, can be self-administered or provided to a small range of users. The BSI of the integrated photovoltaic energy storage inverter system further includes a control unit 320, where the control unit 320 is configured with various processors, the bidirectional DC conversion module 330 is typically driven by one pulse width modulation signal sent by the control unit 320 to perform DC/DC voltage conversion, and the inverter circuit module 340 is typically also driven by another pulse width modulation signal sent by the control unit 320 to perform DC-AC DC/AC or AC-DC AC/DC voltage conversion.
Referring to fig. 1, if considered from the first function provided by the bi-directional converter unit PCS: the control unit 320 controls the bidirectional DC conversion module 330 to perform voltage conversion from the front stage voltage V F1 to the rear stage DC voltage V F2, where the front stage voltage V F1 is a voltage supplied from the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR or a voltage supplied from the battery unit 200. And the control unit 320 controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform the inverter conversion of the post-stage voltage V F2 to the alternating current AC, which means: one of the functions of the BSI integrated system is to invert the energy of the photovoltaic cell or the storage battery into alternating current.
Referring to fig. 2, if considered from the second function provided by the bi-directional converter unit PCS: the control unit 320 controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform AC-DC reverse voltage conversion and output reverse direct current V B1, i.e., the inverter circuit module 340 converts the utility power into reverse voltage V B1, and the control unit 320 also controls the bidirectional direct current conversion module 330 to perform DC/DC voltage conversion on the reverse direct current V B1 and output voltage V B2, and supplies the voltage V B2 to the battery unit 200 to perform charging. This means: the BSI function of the photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system is also to convert commercial power into direct current stored on a storage battery.
Referring to fig. 3, if considered from the third function provided by the bi-directional current converting unit PCS: the control unit 320 also controls the charging of the battery cells 200 by the strings PV-1 to PV-N, which must take into account the control of the voltage conversion circuit 100 by the control unit 320, since the battery has a very wide variety of charging methods, but the most basic and most compatible are constant voltage charging, constant current charging, constant voltage constant current charging, which are common in the art, and the core implementation of these three schemes or other alternatives in the present application is that the control of the individual voltage conversion circuits 100 of each string PV by the control unit 320. This means: the function of the BSI integrated system is also to convert the energy of the photovoltaic cell into direct current stored on the storage battery.
Referring to fig. 3, in an alternative embodiment, chopper switch S11 and common-mode inductor L11 of bi-directional dc conversion module 330 are connected in series between first input terminal N P1 and first intermediate node N P3, and chopper switch S12 and common-mode inductor L12 are connected in series between second input terminal N P2 and second intermediate node N P4. A capacitor C1 is connected between the first input terminal N P1 and the second input terminal N P2, and a capacitor C2 is connected between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4. And a switch S2, such as a boost freewheel switch, is also connected between the interconnection node between the chopping switch S11 and the common-mode inductance L11 and the other interconnection node between the chopping switch S12 and the common-mode inductance L12. It should be emphasized that the embodiment of the bi-directional dc conversion module 330 in fig. 3 is only for illustrating the effect thereof, and is not meant to limit the bi-directional dc conversion module 330 to the topology of fig. 3, and any of the BOOST, BUCK, or BUCK-BOOST circuits may be substituted for the topology of fig. 3.
Referring to fig. 3, we will explain the function of the bidirectional dc to dc conversion module 330, and the bidirectional dc to dc conversion module 330 may convert the pre-stage voltage V F1 provided between the first input terminal N P1 and the second input terminal N P2 to generate the post-stage dc voltage V F2 between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4. The principle of operation in which power flows from the front stage to the rear stage of the bi-directional dc conversion module 330: the chopping switches S11 and S12 are in a high-frequency chopping switch state, the chopping switches S11 and S12 are simultaneously turned on or off, and the common-mode inductances L11 and L12 are charged when the chopping switches S11 and S12 are in an on state, at which time the switch S2 is in an off state. When the chopping switches S11 and S12 are in the off state, the current of the common mode inductances L11 and L12 freewheel through the switch S2 that is turned on. Note that the synchronous switch S7 employs a phase synchronous high frequency switch opposite to the chopper switches S11 and S12. In addition, the inverter circuit module 340 receives the voltage from the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4, the inverter circuit module 340 is a typical H-bridge inverter in the figure, and the arm switching tubes of the H-bridge with the inverter circuit module 340 are in a power frequency switching state, so as to commutate the current of the common mode inductors L11 and L12 by the H-bridge inverter, and realize polarity conversion of the ac output.
Continuing with fig. 5, the bidirectional dc conversion module 330 can reverse the dc voltage V B1 provided between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4 to generate an output voltage V B2 between the first input terminal N P1 and the second input terminal N P2. The principle of operation in which power flows from the rear stage to the front stage of the bi-directional dc conversion module 330: the switching tube S2 is in a high-frequency boost switching state, when the switching tube S2 is turned on, the common-mode inductances L11 and L12 are charged, at this time, the chopper switches S11 and S12 must be in an off state, when the switching tube S2 is turned off, the currents of the common-mode inductances L11 and L12 freewheel through the turned-on chopper switches S11 and S12, the reverse direct current V B1 between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4 is subjected to reverse voltage conversion to provide an output voltage V B2 between the first input terminal N P1 and the second input terminal N P2, i.e. to achieve power transmission to the direct current side. Obtaining a reverse direct current V B1 between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4: the H-bridge inverter of the inverter circuit module 340 converts ac mains to dc reverse dc V B1. The output voltage V B2 may be used to charge the battery unit 200 in addition to being provided directly to the user as a dc power source.
Referring to fig. 3, in the bidirectional direct current conversion module 330, the on or off of the chopping switches S11 and S12 and the on or off of the switch S2 of the freewheel boost circuit are driven by the pulse width modulation signal output from the control unit 320. The switching of the arm switch of the H-bridge inverter is also realized by the driving of the pulse width modulated signal output by the control unit 320. Since driving these switches by pulse width modulation signals belongs to the prior art, the present application is not described in detail, and any switch modulation scheme in the prior art is suitable for the present application.
Referring to fig. 4, in the weather of weak irradiation intensity such as evening or overcast and rainy weather, it is indicated that the bidirectional dc conversion module 330 is powered by the electric quantity stored in the battery unit 200, and the bidirectional dc conversion module 330 converts the pre-stage voltage V F1 provided between the first input terminal N P1 and the second input terminal N P2 to generate the post-stage dc voltage V F2 located between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4. To document the diversity of the topology of the bi-directional dc conversion module 330, this embodiment differs from that of fig. 3 in that: chopper switch S11 and common-mode inductor L11 are connected in series between first input terminal N P1 and first intermediate node N P3, and are directly coupled between second input terminal N P2 and second intermediate node N P4 without any switches or inductors. The chopper switch S11 and the switch S2 of the boost freewheel circuit are still in opposite phases. Principle of operation of power flowing from the front stage to the rear stage of the bidirectional dc conversion module 330: the chopping switch S11 is in a high-frequency chopping switch state, the common-mode inductor L11 is charged when the chopping switch S11 is in an on state, and the switch S2 is turned off; when the chopper switch S11 is in the off state, the current of the common mode inductance L11 freewheels through the switch S2 that is turned on. Principle of operation of power flowing from the rear stage to the front stage of the bidirectional dc conversion module 330: the switch S2 is in a high-frequency boost switch state, when the switch tube S2 is turned on, the common-mode inductor L11 is charged, at this time, the chopper switch S11 must be turned off, and when the switch tube S2 is turned off, the current of the common-mode inductor L11 freewheels through the turned-on chopper switch S11, so as to realize power transmission to the direct current side.
Referring to fig. 4, to justify the diversity of the topology of the inverter circuit module 340, the H-bridge inverter is replaced with a three-phase bridge type fully controlled rectifying circuit that inverts the voltage V F2 from between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4 into three-phase alternating current, i.e., implements DC to AC; or the three-phase bridge type full-control rectification circuit reversely converts the three-phase alternating current into reverse direct current V B1 between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4, namely, AC to DC is realized. The on/off of the arm switching tubes of the H-bridge with the three-phase bridge type full-control rectifying circuit is still realized by the pulse width modulation signal driving output by the control unit 320.
Referring to fig. 6, in the above embodiments, a single battery CELL is taken as an example, but in practice, in order to provide a sufficient amount of power, an array CELL-ARR formed by a plurality of battery CELLs 200 is often used, and for example, the battery array CELL-ARR for industry use such as an automobile contains a huge number of battery CELLs 200 connected in series. In alternative but not required embodiments, the control unit 320 may control each string of photovoltaic CELLs PV to charge a corresponding one or a portion of the battery CELLs 200 in the battery array CELL-ARR, so that the large number of CELLs in the battery array CELL-ARR may charge more evenly with each other, and the charge times may not differ significantly from each other.
Referring to fig. 7, each voltage conversion circuit 100 is connected in parallel to one photovoltaic cell 101, and a photovoltaic voltage source generated by a photovoltaic reaction of the photovoltaic cell 101 is output after MPPT is performed by the voltage conversion circuit 100, that is, if an attempt is made to influence a voltage/current result output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 at the PCS end to reach a predetermined target value during a battery charging period, communication must be established between the voltage conversion circuit 100 and the control unit 320, particularly, a period of charging the battery by the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR. The control unit 320 of the bi-directional inverter PCS has a detection module not shown in the drawings, and the detection module is often used in a common combiner box or an inverter, mainly for monitoring the string current I STR of the battery string PV and/or sensing and operating the string voltage of the battery string PV, and the hall sensor is a current sensing manner that is often used for detecting the string current of the battery string PV in the detection module, besides, it is worth explaining that any means capable of detecting or operating the string current/string voltage of the battery string PV in the prior art is suitable for the bi-directional inverter PCS and the control unit 320 thereof.
Referring to fig. 7, the control unit 320 has all functions of the battery management system BMS, and the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery unit 200 and the temperature of the conventional measurement point are required to be monitored in real time by the control unit 320. The real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis, SOC estimation, power estimation, short-circuit protection, leakage monitoring and display alarm, charge and discharge mode selection, etc. of the battery parameters of the battery unit 200 are performed by the control unit 320, so that the control unit 320 should establish a direct communication mechanism with the battery unit 200, such as a relatively compatible CAN bus communication protocol. Management of the battery unit 200 by the control unit 320, such as real-time tracking of battery operating conditions and parameter detection: the battery charging and discharging states are collected in real time, the collected data comprise total battery voltage, total battery current, battery measuring point temperature in each battery box, single module battery voltage and the like, and the batteries are used in series under certain conditions, so that real-time, rapid and accurate measurement of the parameters is the basis of normal operation of a battery management system. For example, residual power estimation: the estimation of the state of charge (SOC) is to make the PCS end and the user know the running state of the battery system in time, collect parameters such as charge and discharge current, voltage, etc. in real time, and estimate the remaining capacity through a corresponding algorithm. And (3) charge and discharge control: and controlling the charge and discharge of the battery according to the charge state of the battery, and when a certain parameter exceeds a standard, such as the voltage of the single battery is too high or too low, the system cuts off the relay to stop the energy supply and release of the battery in order to ensure the normal use and performance of the battery pack. The control unit 320 monitors the electricity storage condition of the storage battery unit 200, and the control unit 320 determines whether to inform the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the bi-directional converter unit PCS to stop or start supplying energy to the storage battery unit 200 according to the electricity storage condition, which is specifically defined as follows: when the power level of the battery cell 200 is too low to be lower than the low voltage threshold, the control unit 320 should activate the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the bi-directional current converting unit PCS to supply energy to the battery cell 200, and when the power level of the battery cell 200 is too high to be higher than the high voltage threshold, the control unit 320 should implement stopping the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N or the bi-directional current converting unit PCS to supply energy to the battery cell 200.
Referring to fig. 7, in order to establish bidirectional communication between the voltage conversion circuit 100 and the control unit 320, the implementation means in the present application are: the control unit 320 transmits a first carrier signal (e.g., it contains instructions instructing the voltage conversion circuit 100 to output a predetermined target voltage/current) coupled to the transmission line connecting the photovoltaic string PV and PCS, it is contemplated that all of the photovoltaic cells 101 in the photovoltaic string PV-1 and their voltage conversion circuits 100 are connected in series via the transmission line, and that the transmission line connects the equivalent anode of the photovoltaic string PV-1 to the first input terminal N P1 and its equivalent cathode to the second input terminal N P2, all of the voltage conversion circuits 100 on any one of the battery strings PV can be monitored when the first carrier signal is coupled to the transmission line for broadcast. There are various manners in which the control unit 320 broadcasts the first carrier signal onto the transmission line, and in order for the carrier to not affect the normal operation of the PCS, the transformer type carrier transmitting module 310 may be used with the transformer T C. The control unit 320 broadcasts the data to be transferred to the voltage conversion circuit 100 onto the transmission line in the form of a first carrier signal through the carrier transmission module 310, and the transformer T C functions as follows: the control unit 320 transmits a carrier pulse carrying the first carrier signal via the carrier transmission module 310 to the primary winding of the transformer T C, the secondary winding of the transformer T C also couples the carrier pulse to the transmission line because it is connected to the transmission line, and the transformer T C acts as a medium coupling the carrier to the transmission line. The control unit 320 has now broadcast the first carrier signal as a sender and the carrier receiving module CT of the voltage converting circuit 100 as a receiver can sense and monitor the carrier pulse from the transmission line. The voltage conversion circuit 100 is configured with a processor 105 that drives its BUCK, BOOST, or BUCK-BOOST circuit, and the processor 105 sends a pulse width modulation signal PWM to drive the BUCK, BOOST, or BUCK-BOOST conversion circuit of the voltage conversion circuit 100, which is not described in detail herein. The voltage conversion circuit 100 has a carrier receiving module CT with a detection unit, for example a rogowski air coil, for monitoring the carrier information on a transmission line, which generally passes through the center of the rogowski air coil, and a filter for extracting a first carrier signal carrying data with a specified frequency range from the carrier information, since there may be various unpredictable other spectral pulses on the transmission line in addition to the carrier pulses carrying the first carrier signal which are expected to be broadcast, other carrier information which is not in the specified frequency range, i.e. the frequency range of the first carrier signal, may be noise, and therefore needs to be filtered out by the filter. The filter of the carrier receiving module CT sends the actual first carrier signal to the first carrier signal processor 105, and after receiving the instruction sent by the control unit 320, the processor 105 may re-modulate the output voltage and/or current of the voltage converting circuit 100 according to the instruction, or may perform other meanings represented by the instruction sent by the control unit 320, for example, turning off/hibernating the voltage converting circuit 100 or restarting the voltage converting circuit 100.
Referring to fig. 7, the operation mechanism of the voltage converting circuit 100 is described by taking the voltage converting circuit 100 with three sub-voltage converting circuits 100-1, 100-2 and 100-3 as an example, it should be noted that the embodiment portions herein are only for the purpose of example and not constitute any particular limitation. Assuming that the voltage conversion circuit 100 has a number of BUCK/BOOST/BUCK-BOOST circuits corresponding to the number of cell strings of the Photovoltaic cells 101, each of the Photovoltaic cells 101 in the figure is actually also a Photovoltaic module having three cell strings (photovoltaics CELL STRING) 101-1, 101-2, and 101-3, wherein the sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-1 performs voltage conversion on the voltage of the cell string 101-1, the sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-2 performs voltage conversion on the voltage of the cell string 101-2, the sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-3 performs voltage conversion on the voltage of the cell string 101-3, the result of the superposition of the voltages output by the three sub-voltage converting circuits 100-1, 100-2 and 100-3 is the total voltage value output by the voltage converting circuit 100. The sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 performs MPPT operation on the voltage received from the battery string 101-1 and converts it to output it on one of its output capacitors C O1, the sub-voltage converting circuit 100-2 performs MPPT operation on the voltage received from the battery string 101-2 and converts it to output it on one of its output capacitors C O2, the sub-voltage converting circuit 100-3 performs MPPT operation on the voltage received from the battery string 101-3 and converts it to output it on one of its output capacitors C O3, the output capacitors C O1、CO2 and C O3 of the respective sub-voltage converting circuits in the voltage converting circuit 100 are all connected in series, the total output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is provided by the voltage superimposed on the series output capacitor C O1～CO3. At least one control switch S E is arranged in any sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 in the voltage converting circuit 100, and an output capacitor C O1 of any sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 with the control switch S E is correspondingly connected in series with a control switch S E thereof, specifically, the output voltage of the first sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 is output between a group of a first output node N O1 and a second output node N O2 thereof, an output capacitor C O1 thereof is connected between the first output node N O1 and the second output node N O2, that is, the output voltage of the first stage sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-1 is output on the output capacitor C O1, and then the control switch S E and the output capacitor C O1 are connected in series between the first output node N O1 and the second output node N O2. In another alternative, the voltage conversion circuit 100 may only include the first stage sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-1, where the other second stage and third stage sub-voltage conversion circuits 100-2 and 100-3 are all omitted, and the battery strings 101-1, 101-2 and 101-3 are regarded as an integral photovoltaic module, so that the first stage sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-1 only receives the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the photovoltaic module and performs the MPPT voltage conversion, where the output capacitor C O2～CO3 does not exist naturally, and the output voltage of the first stage sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-1 is equal to the total output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 at the output capacitor C O1.
Referring to fig. 7, considering that the charging rule of the battery has the modes of constant voltage, constant current and constant voltage, the control unit 320 controls the photovoltaic cell string PV to charge the storage battery unit 200 in such a way that: the control unit 320 pushes the first carrier signal to broadcast to the transmission line to inform the voltage conversion circuit 100 corresponding to each photovoltaic cell 101 in the photovoltaic cell strings PV to adjust the voltage and/or current outputted by the voltage conversion circuit, and the specific range of the voltage and/or current can also be carried in the first carrier signal until the voltage value of the string for charging of each photovoltaic cell string PV is adjusted to a predetermined voltage range and/or the string current for charging is adjusted to a predetermined current range. In general, after the string voltage value/string current of the photovoltaic cell string PV, whether one or more strings, is applied to the battery cell 200, it should be satisfied that the supplied charging voltage is within the rated charging voltage range of the battery cell 200, and that the charging current should conform to the rated current range of the battery cell 200. In the above description, the control unit 320 is pushed and broadcast onto the transmission line through the carrier sending module 310 to issue an instruction to the voltage converting circuit 100, the voltage converting circuit 100 needs to respond to the control unit 320 to tell the control unit 320 that it has received the instruction and reply to the control unit 320, and as an option, the data obtained by the voltage converting circuit 100 according to the instruction may also be returned to the control unit 320, where the slave voltage converting circuit 100 needs to send a second carrier signal onto the transmission line, and if the control unit 320 listens to the second carrier signal from the transmission line, bidirectional communication is achieved between them.
Referring to fig. 7, the output voltage of the first stage sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 in the voltage converting circuit 100 is output on the output capacitor C O1, and at this time, the control switch S E and the output capacitor C O1 in the voltage converting circuit 100 are connected in series between the first output node N O1 and the second output node N O2 in the voltage converting circuit 100. When the switch S E of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is turned on, the voltage conversion circuit 100 performs MPPT on the photovoltaic voltage generated by the photovoltaic cell 101 to perform voltage conversion and outputs the voltage to the output capacitor C O1 or C O1～CO3, and at this stage, the voltage conversion circuit 100 is characterized in that a normal voltage converter voltage converter can output a relatively normal stable voltage, although the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 has ripple, the output voltage basically stabilizes in a range between an upper limit V UPPER and a lower limit V LOWER of the voltage, the highest ripple amplitude of the output voltage does not exceed V UPPER, and the lowest ripple amplitude is not lower than V LOWER.
Referring to fig. 7, once the processor 105 turns off the switch S E of the voltage conversion circuit 100, the voltage conversion circuit 100 will output an excitation pulse instead of a smoothed voltage value due to: the PWM signal PWM driving the voltage conversion circuit 100 at this time forces the first stage sub-voltage conversion circuit 100-1 and the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit 100 to change stepwise with the frequency of the PWM signal. The basic reason is that, since the output voltage of the first-stage sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 is originally output on the output capacitor C O1, but the output capacitor C O1 is forcedly disconnected from between the first output node N O1 and the second output node N O2, the voltage value between the first output node N O1 and the second output node N O2 is caused to undergo a step change of the same frequency with the frequency of the pulse width modulation signal originally used to modulate the first-stage sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1, and the step voltage output by the first-stage sub-voltage converting circuit 100-1 and the voltage converting circuit 100 are regarded as an excitation pulse. The overall output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 100 is intentionally caused to jump between high and low levels, the positive amplitude of the excitation pulse being greater than the upper limit V UPPER and the negative amplitude being less than the lower limit V LOWER, so that the excitation pulse is easily captured from a stable, stationary voltage on the transmission line. The voltage conversion circuit 100 couples the excitation pulse (which is the same as the PWM frequency driving the voltage conversion circuit 100) that jumps between the high and low levels onto the transmission line that is serially connected to the photovoltaic cell as a carrier signal, and the excitation pulse caused by turning off the switch S E is regarded as a second carrier signal.
Referring to fig. 7, the carrier receiving module CT of the control unit 320 is configured with a detecting unit such as a rogowski air coil for monitoring carrier information on a transmission line, which generally passes through the center of the rogowski air coil, and a filter for extracting a second carrier signal carrying data having another designated frequency range from the carrier information, because there may be various unpredictable other spectrum pulses on the transmission line in addition to the carrier pulse carrying the second carrier signal which is expected to be broadcast, other carrier information which is not in the other designated frequency range, i.e., the frequency range of the second carrier signal, may be clutter and thus needs to be filtered out by the filter. The filter of the carrier receiving module CT transmits the actual second carrier signal to the control unit 320, and the control unit 320 knows the operation state of the processor 105 and the voltage converting circuit 100 controlled by the processor 105 after receiving the response data sent by the processor 105. On the contrary, if the control unit 320 cannot receive the response data broadcast by the processor 105, it is possible that the control unit 320 is always in a state of waiting for the slave to reply or in a state of disorder, and cannot dynamically adjust the output voltage/current of the voltage conversion circuit 100, etc.
Referring to fig. 7, the implementation scheme of the communication method for transmitting data by the processor 105 is: during a period T in which the processor 105 transmits binary data 0 (or 1) using a carrier signal, the processor 105 controls the switch S E of the circuit 100-1 with the switch S E to be turned on all the time during any one period of the period T, so that the circuit 100-1 enters a normal voltage conversion operation mode during that period without outputting any form of excitation pulse, so that the output symbol is 0 (or 1), and the processor 105 can control the circuits 100-2, 100-3 with or without the switch S E to operate in a normal voltage conversion state, when the other respective circuits 100-2, 100-3 except for the circuit 100-1 should preferably be turned on if there is a switch. In contrast, during a period T in which the processor 105 transmits binary data 1 (or 0) using a carrier signal, the processor 105 controls the switch S E of the circuit 100-1 with the switch to be turned off at least once in any one period of the period T, so that the circuit 100-1 enters an operation mode of at least one abnormal voltage transition in the period and outputs not less than one cluster of the excitation pulses, so that the output symbol is 1 (or 0), and the processor 105 can control the circuits 100-2 and 100-3 with or without the switch S E to operate in a normal voltage transition state, in which case the respective circuits 100-2 and 100-3 other than the circuit 100-1 should preferably be turned on if the switch is present. In a preferred alternative embodiment, the first start byte/start bit delivered during the first cycle of time period T is preferably indicated by the occurrence of at least one excitation pulse, because the excitation pulse is significantly different from the plateau voltage output by circuit 100-1, and the start byte is readily distinguished from the communication program that is transmitting data by the occurrence of an abnormal voltage transition mode of operation rather than by the constant maintenance of the normal voltage mode of operation.
Referring to fig. 7, it is apparent that the voltage conversion circuit 100 does not exhibit a normal voltage converter voltage converter and cannot output a relatively normal steady voltage value in the stage of transmitting the second carrier signal, and the PWM signal driving the voltage conversion circuit 100 is originally used for performing the MPPT algorithm, but the PWM signal PWM becomes a source of the excitation pulse generation due to the control switch S E being turned off. In addition to the direct doubling of the voltage conversion circuit 100 itself as a carrier wave transmitting circuit, in an embodiment not illustrated, a carrier wave transmitting module may be provided in parallel with the series connected output capacitor C O1～CO3, such a carrier wave transmitting module may be directly connected in parallel with the output capacitor C O1 if only the first stage of the voltage conversion circuit 100-1 is absent C O2～CO3 in the voltage conversion circuit 100, these parallel carrier wave transmitting modules are likewise controlled by the control unit 320, and the second carrier wave signal broadcast by the control unit 320 is transmitted by the carrier wave transmitting module connected in parallel with C O1 or by the carrier wave transmitting module connected in parallel with C O1～CO3.
Referring to fig. 8, the DC/DC module in the bi-directional converter unit PCS, that is, the bi-directional DC conversion module 330 is omitted based on the embodiment of fig. 1-7, and at this time, the control unit 320 controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform DC-to-ac inversion, and also controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform ac-to-DC inversion voltage conversion and output the inverted DC V B1, wherein the control unit 340 controls the inverted DC V B1 to be used for charging the battery unit 200, and controls the photovoltaic cell string PV to perform charging of the battery unit 200. In this embodiment, the bi-directional dc conversion module 330 may be omitted, the following features are satisfied: first, the control unit 320 may directly control the photovoltaic module array PV-ARR to provide or perform DC-ac inversion on the pre-stage voltage V F1 provided by the battery unit 200, where the pre-stage voltage V F1 is not required to be processed by the DC/DC module. Next, the control unit 320 further controls the inverter circuit module 340 to perform a reverse voltage conversion from ac to dc, and outputs a reverse dc voltage V B1 between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4, the capacitor C2 mentioned above may be reserved between the first intermediate node N P3 and the second intermediate node N P4, and the reverse dc voltage V B1 is directly coupled between the first input terminal N P1 and the first intermediate node N P3, and supplies the reverse direct current V B1 directly to the battery unit 200 to perform charging. Furthermore, the control unit 320 also controls the charging of the battery cells 200 by the photovoltaic cell strings PV-1 to PV-N. It is actually apparent that the embodiment of fig. 8 differs from the embodiments of fig. 1-7 only in that the DC/DC module, i.e. the bi-directional direct current conversion module 330, is eliminated, while the other technical features of fig. 1-7 are applicable to fig. 8.
The foregoing description and drawings set forth exemplary embodiments of the specific structure of the embodiments, and the foregoing invention provides presently preferred embodiments, without being limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. Various alterations and modifications will no doubt become apparent to those skilled in the art after having read the above description. Therefore, the appended claims should be construed to cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Any and all equivalents and alternatives falling within the scope of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system having a battery unit, comprising:
The bidirectional converter unit is at least provided with an inverter circuit module, and the inverter circuit module inverts the front-stage voltage provided by the photovoltaic battery pack string or the storage battery unit into alternating current which is connected to a public power grid or alternating current which runs off-grid;
The control unit is used for controlling the inverter circuit module to perform inversion conversion from direct current to alternating current and also controlling the inverter circuit module to perform reverse voltage conversion from alternating current to direct current and output reverse direct current;
Wherein the control unit controls the reverse direct current to be used for charging the storage battery unit, and controls the photovoltaic battery pack string to charge the storage battery unit;
each string of photovoltaic cell groups consists of a plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series, and each photovoltaic cell is provided with a voltage conversion circuit;
The control unit establishes communication with the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in each photovoltaic cell string through a power carrier when the control sends an instruction to the voltage conversion circuit of the photovoltaic cell string;
The carrier wave transmitting module configured by the control unit is provided with a carrier wave transmitting transformer arranged on a transmission line for coupling the photovoltaic battery pack string to the bidirectional converter unit;
The carrier receiving module configured by the control unit is provided with a detecting unit and a filter, the detecting unit is used for monitoring carrier information on the transmission line, and the filter is used for extracting a second carrier signal which has a specified frequency range and carries data and is broadcasted by the voltage converting circuit from the carrier information;
The output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit is applied to the output capacitor of the voltage conversion circuit, a switch is arranged in the voltage conversion circuit, and the output capacitor is connected with the switch of the voltage conversion circuit in series;
When the switch of the voltage conversion circuit is turned on, the voltage conversion circuit performs voltage conversion on the received photovoltaic voltage and outputs the voltage to the output capacitor;
When the switch of the voltage conversion circuit is turned off, the voltage conversion circuit couples excitation pulses jumping between high and low levels to a transmission line connected in series with the photovoltaic battery string as carrier signals, wherein the excitation pulses are derived from: the pulse width modulation signal driving the voltage conversion circuit at the moment forces the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit to generate step change along with the frequency of the pulse width modulation signal, and the output step voltage is regarded as an excitation pulse; and
The carrier receiving module of the voltage converting circuit is provided with a detecting unit for monitoring the carrier information on the transmission line and a filter for extracting the first carrier signal with another specified frequency range carrying data broadcast by the control unit from the carrier information.
2. The integrated photovoltaic energy storage inverter system of claim 1, wherein the bi-directional converter unit further comprises a bi-directional dc conversion module;
The bidirectional direct current conversion module is at least used for performing voltage conversion on the front-stage voltage provided by the photovoltaic battery pack string or the storage battery unit, thereby generating rear-stage direct current and providing the rear-stage direct current to the inverter circuit module; the inverter circuit module is at least used for inverting the rear-stage direct current into alternating current which is connected to a public power grid or alternating current which runs off-grid;
The control unit controls the bidirectional direct current conversion module to perform voltage conversion from the front-stage voltage to the rear-stage direct current and controls the inverter circuit module to perform inversion conversion from the rear-stage direct current to alternating current;
the control unit also controls the inverter circuit module to perform alternating current-to-direct current reverse voltage conversion and output reverse direct current, and controls the bidirectional direct current conversion module to perform voltage conversion on the reverse direct current and output the reverse direct current to the storage battery unit to perform charging.
3. The integrated photovoltaic energy storage inverter system of claim 1 or 2, wherein communication is established between the control unit and the battery unit, the control unit monitoring the charge storage condition of the battery unit;
And the control unit decides whether to inform the photovoltaic battery pack string or the bidirectional converter unit to stop or start to provide energy for the storage battery unit according to the electricity storage condition.
4. The integrated photovoltaic energy storage inverter system of claim 3, wherein each string of the string of photovoltaic cells is comprised of a plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells, and each photovoltaic cell is configured with a voltage conversion circuit that performs maximum power tracking; wherein the method comprises the steps of
The voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell characterizes the actual voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell on the string of photovoltaic cells.
5. The integrated photovoltaic energy storage inverter system of claim 4, wherein the control unit controls the photovoltaic cell string to charge the battery unit in a manner that:
And the control unit informs the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic cell group string of adjusting the output voltage and/or current until the cascade voltage and/or the cascade current of the photovoltaic cell group string are adjusted to a preset range.
6. The integrated photovoltaic energy storage and inversion system according to claim 4, wherein the control unit controls the voltage of the string of photovoltaic cells to charge the storage battery unit, and controls the magnitude of the output current of the voltage conversion circuit to ensure that the direct current applied to the storage battery unit is constant during charging;
Or the magnitude of the cascade voltage is further controlled by controlling the magnitude of the output voltage of the voltage conversion circuit so as to ensure that the direct-current voltage applied to the storage battery unit is constant during charging.
7. The energy storage method of the integrated photovoltaic energy storage and inversion system according to claim 1, wherein each string of the photovoltaic cell strings is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series, each photovoltaic cell is configured with a voltage conversion circuit for performing maximum power tracking, and the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell represents the actual voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell on the photovoltaic cell string;
The method for controlling the storage battery unit to charge and store energy by the control unit comprises the following steps:
Firstly, establishing communication between the control unit and the storage battery unit, and analyzing the electricity storage condition of the storage battery unit and judging whether the storage battery unit needs to be charged or not by the control unit;
If yes, the reverse direct current is selected to directly charge the storage battery unit, or the photovoltaic battery pack string is selected to charge the storage battery unit;
the voltage conversion circuit and the control unit are respectively provided with a carrier wave transmitting module and a carrier wave receiving module, and the control unit establishes communication with the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in each photovoltaic cell group string through a power carrier wave.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining the position of the probe is performed,
When the control unit selects the battery cell to be charged by the photovoltaic cell string: and the control unit informs the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic cell string of adjusting the output voltage and/or current through a carrier signal until the cascade voltage and/or the cascade current of the photovoltaic cell string are adjusted to a preset range.
9. The energy storage method of the integrated photovoltaic energy storage and inversion system according to claim 2, wherein each string of the photovoltaic cell strings is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series, each photovoltaic cell is configured with a voltage conversion circuit for performing maximum power tracking, and the voltage output by the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell represents the actual voltage provided by the photovoltaic cell on the photovoltaic cell string;
The method for controlling the storage battery unit to charge and store energy by the control unit comprises the following steps:
Firstly, establishing communication between the control unit and the storage battery unit, and analyzing the electricity storage condition of the storage battery unit and judging whether the storage battery unit needs to be charged or not by the control unit;
And if so, the bidirectional direct current conversion module is used for carrying out voltage conversion on the reverse direct current and outputting the reverse direct current to the storage battery unit to execute charging, or the photovoltaic battery pack string is used for charging the storage battery unit.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the voltage conversion circuit and the control unit are configured with a carrier transmitting module and a carrier receiving module, and the control unit establishes communication with the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in each photovoltaic cell string through a power carrier;
When the control unit selects the battery cell to be charged by the photovoltaic cell string: and the control unit informs the voltage conversion circuit corresponding to each photovoltaic cell in the photovoltaic cell string of adjusting the output voltage and/or current through a carrier signal until the cascade voltage and/or the cascade current of the photovoltaic cell string are adjusted to a preset range.
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| CN201611048088.XA CN108092601B (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2016-11-21 | Photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system |
| CN201621242268.7U CN206226347U (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2016-11-21 | Photovoltaic energy storage inversion integral system |
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| CN201621242268.7U CN206226347U (en) | 2016-11-21 | 2016-11-21 | Photovoltaic energy storage inversion integral system |
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| CN108092601B (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2024-05-24 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic energy storage inversion integrated system |
| CN109412406B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-11-27 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | Voltage conversion circuit integrated with carrier sending function and applied to photovoltaic module |
| CN109525284B (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2021-05-14 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | System integrating high-frequency switching power supply and direct-current voltage converter and communication method |
| CN108711927A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-10-26 | 北京汉能光伏投资有限公司 | A kind of light storage electricity generation system and method |
| CN110277794A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-09-24 | 国家电投集团黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司 | A kind of intelligent adaptive energy storage inversion integration apparatus |
| CN113162106A (en) | 2020-01-23 | 2021-07-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Energy storage system and photovoltaic energy storage system |
| CN114389541B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2024-05-28 | 天津城建大学 | Photovoltaic power generation unit voltage regulation method and system integrating fault information transmission |
| TWI827067B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-12-21 | 四季洋圃生物機電股份有限公司 | Solar energy efficiency improvement system |
| CN115425732B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2024-03-12 | 北京磊然循环科技有限公司 | Direct battery charging method, device, system and equipment based on photovoltaic panel |
| CN115882516B (en) * | 2023-03-08 | 2023-06-06 | 杭州欣美成套电器制造有限公司 | Photovoltaic grid-connected control device and method for high-efficiency photovoltaic charging control |
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