CN108092308B - Low voltage ride through control method for distributed virtual synchronous generator - Google Patents

Low voltage ride through control method for distributed virtual synchronous generator Download PDF

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CN108092308B
CN108092308B CN201711417360.1A CN201711417360A CN108092308B CN 108092308 B CN108092308 B CN 108092308B CN 201711417360 A CN201711417360 A CN 201711417360A CN 108092308 B CN108092308 B CN 108092308B
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CN108092308A (en
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万晓凤
丁小华
胡海林
詹子录
汪建博
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Nanchang University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks

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Abstract

A distributed virtual synchronous generator low voltage ride through control method comprises the following steps: the improved virtual synchronous generator reactive power loop is utilized to accelerate the response speed of the reactive power loop and improve the reactive power supporting capability of a grid connection point; when the voltage drop of the grid-connected point and instantaneous overcurrent are detected, introducing virtual impedance control, correcting a voltage reference value, and inhibiting the instantaneous overcurrent; a balanced current virtual synchronous control method is adopted to respectively control positive sequence current and negative sequence current, so that the balance control of output current when grid-connected voltage is unbalanced is realized, and steady-state overcurrent is restrained; and resetting the power instruction value according to the low voltage ride through requirement, so that the system meets the reactive current injection requirement, and setting the power instruction value back to the original value after the fault is cleared. Through the steps, the invention realizes the requirements of transient and steady-state overcurrent suppression, reactive current injection according to requirements and other low-voltage ride-through requirements.

Description

Low voltage ride through control method for distributed virtual synchronous generator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grid-connected inverter control, and particularly relates to a low-voltage ride through control method for a distributed virtual synchronous generator.
Background
The Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy enables the distributed inverter power supply to be similar to the traditional Synchronous Generator in terms of operation mechanism and external characteristics by simulating the active frequency modulation and reactive voltage regulation characteristics of the Synchronous Generator, and can provide certain inertia and damping support for a power grid. However, existing VSG research is mostly focused on VSG body models and ideal grid conditions, and less fault ride-through capability is involved. Distributed VSG inserts medium and low voltage distribution network more, and the short circuit fault that threatens the system greatly easily takes place. When a power distribution network has a short-circuit fault and the Voltage of a grid-connected point drops, in order to protect the safety of the power distribution network and improve the utilization efficiency of distributed power generation, the distributed VSG needs to have a Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability, and provides a certain power support for the power distribution network while maintaining grid-connected operation.
The traditional grid-connected inverter LVRT control technology is relatively mature in research, a method for setting current and power reference values when faults occur under a traditional control strategy is provided in documents, and the method has a good effect of restraining output overcurrent. However, a traditional grid-connected inverter control strategy is different from a VSG control strategy, and the original LVRT control technology cannot be directly applied to the VSG. For the LVRT control of the VSG, documents propose to utilize a virtual synchronous balance current control strategy, and implement smooth switching between two modes of virtual synchronous balance current control and conventional LVRT control by performing state following on a current during a fault, thereby effectively suppressing an instantaneous overcurrent; for direct voltage VSG, there is literature that proposes methods to prevent transient overcurrents at grid faults using grid voltage feed forward and active power command regulation; there is also a document that proposes a method of combining a virtual resistor and a phasor current limiting method to realize the limitation of instantaneous overcurrent.
In the above studies on LVRT of VSG, most of the output current is limited, and how to satisfy the reactive current injection requirement is not involved, so that the requirement of the low voltage ride through related standard cannot be satisfied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to meet LVRT requirements of instantaneous and steady-state overcurrent suppression, reactive current injection according to requirements and the like under the condition that the voltage of a grid-connected point drops due to the occurrence of a short-circuit fault of a power distribution network, and provides a distributed virtual synchronous generator low-voltage ride-through control method.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a distributed virtual synchronous generator low voltage ride through control method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) when instantaneous overcurrent is caused by voltage drop of a grid connection point, virtual impedance control is introduced;
(2) the method of virtual synchronous control of the balance current is adopted to respectively control the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current, so that the balance of three-phase output current is realized, and the steady-state overcurrent is restrained.
(3) A PI controller is introduced to improve a VSG reactive power control loop, and the response speed of the reactive power loop is improved; resetting the power instruction value according to the LVRT requirement, and setting the power value back to the original value after the fault is cleared, thereby completing the LVRT;
further, when the voltage drop of the grid-connected point in the step (1) causes a transient overcurrent, the method for introducing the virtual impedance control comprises the following steps:
(1-1) when the system detects that the voltage of the grid-connected point falls, introducing virtual impedance control. Neglecting the filter impedance, the minimum virtual impedance needed to suppress transient overcurrents is modulo:
Figure BDA0001522278820000021
in the formula, RvRepresents a virtual resistance, LvRepresenting virtual inductance, Δ UpRepresenting the voltage sag value,. DELTA.I1(t) represents an instantaneous current threshold set at 1.3In。
(1-2) combining the positive sequence components of the output currents
Figure BDA0001522278820000022
Designing a virtual impedance as shown in the formula (2) under dq coordinates to obtain a positive sequence voltage correction instruction value
Figure BDA0001522278820000023
Figure BDA0001522278820000024
Further, the method of using the virtual synchronous control of the balanced current in step (2) controls the positive and negative sequence currents respectively to achieve three-phase output current balance, and the method of suppressing the steady-state overcurrent includes:
(2-1) carrying out error-free control on the positive sequence voltage instruction by adopting a PI (proportional integral) controller to obtain a positive sequence current instruction value
Figure BDA0001522278820000025
Figure BDA0001522278820000026
And setting the negative sequence current command value to 0;
(2-2) respectively carrying out closed-loop control on the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current by adopting a P controller to obtain positive sequence components and negative sequence components of the modulation voltage under the dq coordinate;
and (2-3) respectively carrying out inverse Pack transformation on the positive sequence component and the negative sequence component of the modulation voltage to obtain the positive sequence component and the negative sequence component of the modulation voltage under an abc coordinate system, synthesizing the positive sequence component and the negative sequence component into the modulation voltage, and sending the modulation voltage into the SPWM for control.
Further, the PI controller is introduced to improve a VSG reactive power control loop in the step (3), so that the response speed of the reactive power loop is increased; according to the LVRT requirement, the power instruction value is reset, the power value is set back to the original value after the fault is cleared, and the method for completing the LVRT comprises the following steps:
(3-1) introducing a PI controller into the reactive power control loop, and removing a voltage regulator in the traditional VSG reactive power control loop to ensure the control precision and the response speed of the reactive power control loop;
(3-2) after the system detects that the voltage of the grid-connected point falls, injecting a reactive current value with a specified size into the system, wherein the value of the reactive current value meets the following requirements according to the LVRT (linear voltage transmitter temperature response) requirement:
Figure BDA0001522278820000027
in the formula i1qThe reactive current i is required to be output when the voltage drops1q(t-) is the magnitude of reactive current output before voltage drop, UnIs the rated voltage value of the grid-connected point, and Delta U is the voltage variation value of the grid-connected point before and after the fault, InAnd k is a reactive current regulating factor.Multiplying k by 2 and equation (3)
Figure BDA0001522278820000031
The following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0001522278820000032
in the formula, QL *Reactive power required to be output for low voltage ride through, edAs can be seen from equation (4), when the grid-connected point voltage drops, the requirement for the injected reactive current can be converted into the requirement for the output reactive power, that is, the output reactive power command value is set to QL *。
(3-3) to ensure that the output current does not over-current, the active current i needs to be correspondingly reduced1d(ii) a Setting steady state fault current less than InThen can be according to i1qCalculate i1dAnd further will be to i1dIs converted into active power
Figure BDA0001522278820000033
Request that the output active power command value be set to PL *。i1dAnd
Figure BDA0001522278820000034
the calculation principle of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001522278820000035
and (3-4) after the system detects that the fault is cleared, setting the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value as the original power.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
(1) after the virtual impedance method is introduced, instantaneous overcurrent can be effectively inhibited when the voltage of the grid-connected point drops to the fault;
(2) after a virtual synchronous balance current control strategy is introduced, three-phase output current is balanced, and steady-state overcurrent can be effectively inhibited;
(3) the VSG reactive power control loop is improved, the control precision and the response speed of the reactive power loop are improved, and the reactive support capability of the distributed VSG is enhanced;
(4) converting the reactive current injection requirement into a requirement for outputting reactive power, and realizing the output of reactive current with a specified size within a specified time by resetting a reactive power instruction value;
(5) when the power distribution network fault occurs and after the power distribution network fault is cleared, the voltage, the phase angle and the frequency output by the VSG are always synchronous with the power grid, and large impact current cannot be caused in the process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall block diagram of a grid-connected inverter based on VSG control.
Fig. 2 is a system control flow chart.
Figure 3 improves the VSG power loop control block diagram.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a balanced current virtual synchronous control.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of positive sequence current control after adding a virtual impedance.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the working principle.
As shown in fig. 1, the LVRT technology based on VSG suppresses fault instantaneous current and steady-state current overcurrent mainly through virtual impedance control and virtual synchronous balance current control when a grid-connected point voltage drops due to a short-circuit fault of a power distribution network, and achieves the purpose of injecting specified reactive current by changing a given value of reactive power, thereby achieving the control target of the LVRT of the grid-connected inverter based on VSG control.
As shown in fig. 2, the control method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
1. sampling to obtain the voltage u of the power gridgabcCapacitor voltage ucabcCurrent transformer side inductor current i1abcAnd net side output current i2abcTo u, to ucabcPhase locking is carried out to obtain phase theta*Using this as reference pair ucabc、i1abcAnd i2abcD q conversion is carried out to obtain the component u of each electric quantity under the dq axiscd、ucq、i1d、i1qAnd i2d、i2qFurther, a Reduced Order Generalized Integrator (ROGI) is used for i1d、i1qPositive and negative sequence separation is carried out to obtain positive sequence current component
Figure BDA0001522278820000041
And a negative sequence current component
Figure BDA0001522278820000042
For u is pairedgabcPhase locking and dq conversion are carried out to obtain a grid voltage dq axis component ugd、ugq。
2. Calculating VSG output active and reactive power to obtain measured value Pe、QeThe calculation formula is given by formula (1); after being filtered by a wave trap twice power frequency, the power frequency is used as the average value of output active power and reactive power and is input into a VSG power loop.
Figure BDA0001522278820000043
3. As shown in fig. 3, in the grid-connected mode, in the VSG reactive-voltage control loop, a PI controller is introduced to perform a no-difference adjustment on a reactive power given value and an actual value, and an output voltage amplitude U is adjusted to realize provision of specified reactive power for the power grid; in the active-frequency control loop, the phase angle theta of the output voltage at the side of the inverter is adjusted by controlling the difference value of the given value and the actual value of the active power, and virtual inertia and damping links are introduced to realize that the frequency change presents the inertia characteristic.
4. Synthesizing a positive sequence voltage reference value U by using a voltage amplitude U and a phase angle theta*And using theta*Is a reference base pair u*D-axis and q-axis reference values of positive sequence voltage are obtained by dq conversion
Figure BDA0001522278820000044
And inputting the voltage into a voltage control loop.
5. As shown in fig. 1, to synchronize the transmissionThe electric equation of the motor stator is a prototype, the action of a filter capacitor C is ignored, and the neutral point voltage u of the bridge arm of the inverter is establishedabcCapacitor voltage ucabcWith current transformer side inductor current i1abcRelationship, as in formula (2):
Figure BDA0001522278820000045
similarly, using θ*Is a reference base pair uabcD q decomposition to obtain uabcDq axis component u ofd、uqThen, the relationship between the voltage and the current in the dq coordinate system is as shown in formulas (3) and (4):
Figure BDA0001522278820000046
Figure BDA0001522278820000047
in the formula, Y is an impedance matrix, X is an inductive reactance, and X ═ ω L. Phase angle
Figure BDA0001522278820000051
Representing VSG control virtual rotor angular velocity omega and grid electrical angular velocity omegagAnd integrating the difference value, wherein the expression is an expression (5).
Figure BDA0001522278820000052
As can be seen from equations (2) to (5), the capacitance voltage command value can be obtained from the bridge arm midpoint voltage reference value.
6. As shown in FIG. 4, the output value u of the capacitor voltage obtained in 1cd、ucqAnd the positive sequence voltage command value obtained in (4)
Figure BDA0001522278820000053
Adopting a PI controller to track voltage to obtain a positive sequence output current reference value
Figure BDA0001522278820000054
The negative sequence output current reference value is set to 0.
7. As shown in FIG. 4, the P controller is used to control the positive and negative sequence output currents respectively to obtain the reference values of the positive and negative sequence output voltages
Figure BDA0001522278820000055
The modulation voltage u under the abc coordinate system is finally synthesized after the inverse dq transformationmabcAnd sending the PWM control signal to a sine pulse width modulation link to obtain a PWM control signal and complete the control of the grid-connected inverter.
8. If the voltage drop of the grid-connected point is detected, virtual impedance control is immediately put into use, the form of the virtual impedance under the dq coordinate is as the formula (6), and a positive sequence voltage correction instruction value is obtained
Figure BDA0001522278820000056
The voltage control loop is introduced, and as shown in FIG. 5, instantaneous overcurrent is limited;
Figure BDA0001522278820000057
9. setting the reactive power instruction value as formula (7), and when the power distribution network is in fault, injecting reactive current into the distributed VSG according to the requirement;
Figure BDA0001522278820000058
the active instruction value is set as formula (8), so that the distributed VSG is guaranteed not to run in an overload mode, and steady-state overcurrent is limited.
Figure BDA0001522278820000059
10. If the voltage recovery of the grid-connected point is detected, namely after the power distribution network fault is cleared, the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value are set as the original power, and the LVRT requirement of the grid-connected inverter based on VSG control is completed.

Claims (3)

1. A distributed virtual synchronous generator low voltage ride through control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) when instantaneous overcurrent is caused by voltage drop of a grid connection point, virtual impedance control is introduced;
(2) the method of virtual synchronous control of the balance current is adopted to respectively control the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current, so that the balance of three-phase output current is realized, and the steady-state overcurrent is restrained;
(3) a PI controller is introduced to improve a VSG reactive power control loop, and the response speed of the reactive power loop is improved; resetting the power instruction value according to the LVRT requirement, and setting the power value back to the original value after the fault is cleared to complete the LVRT, which comprises the following specific steps:
(3-1) introducing a PI controller in the reactive power control loop to replace a VSG reactive-voltage droop control structure, and removing a voltage regulator in the traditional VSG reactive control loop to ensure the control precision and the response speed of the reactive loop;
(3-2) after the system detects that the voltage of the grid-connected point falls, injecting a reactive current value with a specified size into the system, wherein the value of the reactive current value meets the following requirements according to the LVRT (linear voltage transmitter temperature response) requirement:
Figure FDA0002698680760000011
in the formula i1qThe reactive current i is required to be output when the voltage drops1q(t-) For outputting reactive current before voltage drop, UnIs the rated voltage value of the grid-connected point, and Delta U is the voltage variation value of the grid-connected point before and after the fault, InIs rated current, and k is a reactive current regulation factor; multiplying k by 2 and the equation of equation (1)
Figure FDA0002698680760000012
The following can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002698680760000013
in the formula, QL *Reactive power required to be output for low voltage ride through, edAs can be seen from equation (2), when the grid-connected point voltage drops, the requirement for the injected reactive current can be converted into the requirement for the output reactive power, that is, the output reactive power command value is set to QL *；
(3-3) to ensure that the output current does not over-current, the active current i needs to be correspondingly reduced1d(ii) a Setting steady state fault current less than InThen can be according to i1qCalculate i1dAnd further will be to i1dIs converted into active power
Figure FDA0002698680760000014
Request that the output active power command value be set to PL *；i1dAnd
Figure FDA0002698680760000016
the calculation principle of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002698680760000017
and (3-4) after the system detects that the fault is cleared, setting the active power reference value and the reactive power reference value as the original power.
2. The distributed virtual synchronous generator low voltage ride through control method according to claim 1, wherein when the voltage drop of the grid-connected point in step (1) causes a transient overcurrent, the method for introducing virtual impedance control comprises:
(1-1) when the system detects that the voltage of a grid-connected point falls, introducing virtual impedance control; neglecting the filter impedance, the minimum virtual impedance needed to suppress transient overcurrents is modulo:
Figure FDA0002698680760000021
in the formula, RvRepresents a virtual resistance, LvRepresenting virtual inductance, Δ UpRepresenting the voltage sag value,. DELTA.I1(t) represents an instantaneous current threshold set at 1.3In；
(1-2) combining the positive sequence components of the output currents
Figure FDA0002698680760000022
Designing a virtual impedance as shown in the formula (5) under dq coordinates to obtain a positive sequence voltage correction instruction value
Figure FDA0002698680760000023
Figure FDA0002698680760000024
3. The method for controlling low voltage ride through of a distributed virtual synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein the method for controlling virtual synchronous control by using balanced current in step (2) controls the positive and negative sequence currents respectively to achieve three-phase output current balance and suppress steady-state overcurrent comprises:
(2-1) carrying out error-free control on the positive sequence voltage instruction by adopting a PI (proportional integral) controller to obtain a positive sequence current instruction value
Figure FDA0002698680760000025
Figure FDA0002698680760000026
And setting the negative sequence current command value to 0;
(2-2) respectively carrying out closed-loop control on the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current by adopting a P controller to obtain positive sequence components and negative sequence components of the modulation voltage under the dq coordinate;
and (2-3) respectively carrying out inverse Pack transformation on the positive sequence component and the negative sequence component of the modulation voltage to obtain the positive sequence component and the negative sequence component of the modulation voltage under an abc coordinate system, synthesizing the positive sequence component and the negative sequence component into the modulation voltage, and sending the modulation voltage into the SPWM for control.
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