CN108085959A - 棉织物短流程前处理工艺 - Google Patents
棉织物短流程前处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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Abstract
本发明涉及棉织物短流程前处理工艺，退煮一浴：NaOH 10g/L、耐碱渗透剂3g/L、精练剂3g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L；二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；漂白：双氧水稳定剂4g/L、精练剂2g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L、100％H2O28g/L、NaOH5g/L；二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；丝光：NaOH 180‑220g/L、车速45‑60米/分钟。短流程前处理，节水、节电、节约蒸汽、节省时间；工艺简单，方便操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及棉织物短流程前处理工艺，为纺织品前处理工艺领域。
背景技术
不论是天然纤维还是化学纤维，纺织纤维本身或多或少都含有杂质，尤其是天然纤维含杂较多、较复杂，而且纤维在纺织加工过程中添加了各种浆料，沾染了油污。这些杂质的存在，在不同程度上影响了纤维的物理机械性能，降低了织物的润湿性和白度，并使织物手感粗糙，妨碍染色及印花过程中染料的上染，影响色泽鲜艳度和染色牢度。因此，无论是漂白、染色或印花产品，一般都需要进行前处理。
前处理的目的是应用化学和物理机械作用，除去纤维上所含有的天然杂质以及在纺织加工过程中施加的浆料和沾上的油污等，使纤维充分发挥其优良品质，使织物具有洁白的外观、柔软的手感和良好的渗透性，以满足使用要求，并为染色、印花、整理提供合格的半制品。
前处理过程一般包括原布准备、烧毛、退浆、煮练、漂白、丝光等工序。
常规前处理工艺稳妥，重现性好，但机台多，时间长，效率低，能耗高。
棉布短流程前处理工艺，就是将常规的退浆、煮练、漂白三步合并为一步或二步完成，常常被称为短流程处理工艺，可节水、节能、节时。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种棉织物短流程前处理工艺，采用退煮一浴、漂白的二步法工艺，缩短前处理工艺时间，既可节约成本又能节能降耗。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
棉织物短流程前处理工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)、退煮一浴
配方：NaOH 10g/L、耐碱渗透剂3g/L、精练剂3g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(2)、漂白
配方：双氧水稳定剂4g/L、精练剂2g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L、100％H2O2 8g/L、NaOH5g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(3)、丝光
工艺：NaOH 180-220g/L、车速45-60米/分钟；
所述的螯合分散剂的制备方法为：以质量份计
a、反应釜中加入去离子水420份、4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚18份、马来酸酐20份，搅拌加热至80℃；
b、同时滴加0.5份引发剂与水的溶液、19份烯丙基胺及15份丙烯酸单体；于2小时内滴加完，再保温反应2小时；
c、温度降至室温，按烯丙基胺、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳摩尔比1:1.1:1.2的比例，加入氢氧化钠，再缓慢滴加二硫化碳，于室温反应3小时，得所述螯合分散剂；
所述的4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚的制备方法为：
将聚乙二醇PEG(分子量100)20份，溶剂丙酮23份，催化剂碳酸钠0.4份加入装有回流冷凝装置的三口反应瓶中，在室温下搅拌反应1h，然后升温至45℃，加入4-乙烯基苄氯30份，继续反应4小时。将反应产物减压蒸馏除去溶剂，得到粗产物，然后进行硅胶柱色谱分离，得到4-乙烯基苄基苄基聚氧乙烯醚，产率为82-87％。
引发剂为常规水溶性引发剂，如过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾等。
作为进一步的改进，棉织物短流程前处理工艺中所述的精练剂为精练剂88ECO(科凯化工)、精练剂MES(喜赫石油化工)中的一种。
作为进一步的改进，棉织物短流程前处理工艺中所述的耐碱渗透剂为渗透剂TANEMUL WT 100(拓纳化学)、渗透剂RUCOWET FN(鲁道夫化工)中的一种。
作为进一步的改进，棉织物短流程前处理工艺中所述的双氧水稳定剂为氧漂稳定剂TF-122B(浙江传化)或氧漂稳定剂DM1403(德美化工)中的一种。
在以上述方法制备的螯合分散剂基础上，配以适当的表面活性剂，可形成棉织物退煮一浴处理剂。
一种棉织物退煮一浴处理剂，以质量份计，包括螯合分散剂18-23份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9-15份、仲烷基磺酸钠17-24份、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物11-17份、水226-284份。
棉织物退煮一浴处理剂的制备方法为：
1)、向搅拌釜中加入配比量的水、仲烷基磺酸钠，搅拌、溶解；
2)、加入配比量的油酸聚氧乙烯酯、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物，搅拌均匀；
3)、加入配方量的螯合分散剂，分散均匀后，过滤即可。
本发明纯棉面料短流程前处理工艺有益效果是：
1)、退煮一浴、漂白二步法对棉织物前处理，节水、节电、节约蒸汽、节省时间；
2)、工艺简单，操作方便。
具体实施方法：
下列实施方案，仅是举例说明，不是仅有的，所以，一切在本发明范围内或是做与本发明相似的改变均包含于本发明之内。
本发明公开了一种棉布短流程前处理工艺，包括如下步骤：
棉织物短流程前处理工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)、退煮一浴
配方：NaOH 10g/L、耐碱渗透剂3g/L、精练剂3g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(2)、漂白
配方：双氧水稳定剂4g/L、精练剂2g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L、100％H2O2 8g/L、NaOH5g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(3)、丝光
工艺：NaOH 180-220g/L、车速45-60米/分钟；
经前处理后的棉布，其白度、毛效、强力等性能的测试方法如下：
(1)白度：参照GB/T 8424.2—2001《纺织品相对白度的仪器评定方法》，在WSB-Ⅱ型白度仪上测定。将织物折成8层，每块织物测3个不同地方，取平均值。
(2)毛效：参照FZ/T 01071—1999《纺织品毛细效应测试方法》，在处理后的织物上剪取三条规格为25cm×5cm的布样，在毛效测定仪上测定30min液体芯吸高度，取其平均值。
(3)强力：参照GB/T 3923.1—1997《纺织品织物拉伸性能第1部分：断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定条样法》，在电子织物强力仪上测定，并按式(1)计算强力损失率(简称强降率)，测定三块布，取其平均值。
强降率＝(F0-F1)/F0×100％；式中，F0—处理前织物的强力、F1—处理后织物的强力。
渗透剂能使工作液迅速均匀润湿纤维，同时可携带浴中其它助剂进入纱线内进行作用，以提高处理效果。碱渗透剂优选自渗透剂TANEMUL WT 100(拓纳化学)、渗透剂RUCOWET FN(鲁道夫化工)。
双氧水稳定剂利用其有效成份吸附、络合、分散重金属离子功能而具备双氧水稳定效果，可有效防止织物在漂白中产生损伤及破洞，且不会产生难以去除的“硅垢”，织物氧漂后白度高、手感柔软。双氧水稳定剂优选自氧漂稳定剂TF-122B(浙江传化)或氧漂稳定剂DM1403(德美化工)。
精练剂为各类阴离子、非离子表面活性剂以及适当的添加剂，经过一定的配比的方法得到的一种以洗涤作用为主的、兼有渗透、乳化、分散、络合等协同作用的复配物，去除棉纤维上天然杂质、沾污物以及织造浆料。精练剂优选自精练剂88ECO(科凯化工)、精练剂MES(喜赫石油化工)。
本发明棉织物短流程前处理工艺的退煮步骤的助剂为耐碱渗透剂3g/L、精练剂3g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L、NaOH 10g/L等化学品。其中的助剂可采用具有渗透、精练作用、螯合、分散作用的复合助剂，即可称为棉织物退煮一浴处理剂。以质量份计，该棉织物退煮一浴处理剂，包括螯合分散剂18-23份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9-15份、仲烷基磺酸钠17-24份、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物11-17份、水226-284份。
棉织物退煮一浴处理剂的制备方法为：
1)、向搅拌釜中加入配比量的水、仲烷基磺酸钠，搅拌、溶解；
2)、加入配比量的油酸聚氧乙烯酯、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物，搅拌均匀；
3)、加入配方量的螯合分散剂，分散均匀后，过滤即可。
所述的仲烷基磺酸钠，CAS No.：68037-49-0，科莱恩公司产品。
油酸聚氧乙烯酯，市售产品。
FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物，喜赫石油公司产品，分子式：
C18H36CO(OCH2CH2)7OCH3，分子式中具有酯基，类似于油脂和蜡质结构，根据相似相溶的原理，对油脂、矿物油和石蜡蜡质有较强的溶解和去除能力，具有较强的分散性能，能将油、蜡、污垢等分散在工作液中，防止污垢反沾污，具有高浊点，可直接应用于高温的工艺条件。
采用棉织物退煮一浴处理剂时，棉织物短流程前处理工艺为：
(1)、退煮一浴
配方：NaOH 10g/L、退煮一浴处理剂15g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(2)、漂白
配方：精练剂3g/L、螯合分散剂2g/L、双氧水稳定剂3g/L、100％H2O2 8g/L、NaOH5g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(3)、丝光
工艺：NaOH 180-220g/L、车速45-60米/分钟。
所述的螯合分散剂的制备方法为：以质量份计
a、反应釜中加入去离子水420份、4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚18份、马来酸酐20份，搅拌加热至80℃；
b、同时滴加0.5份引发剂与水的溶液、19份烯丙基胺及15份丙烯酸单体；于2小时内滴加完，再保温反应2小时；
c、温度降至室温，按烯丙基胺、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳摩尔比1:1.1:1.2的比例，加入氢氧化钠，再缓慢滴加二硫化碳，于室温反应3小时，得所述螯合分散剂。
4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚、烯丙基胺、马来酸酐、丙烯酸以水为溶剂，通过自由基聚合，形成聚合物大分子，烯丙基胺在碱性条件下，与二硫化碳反应，生成二硫代氨基甲酸盐。
螯合分散剂分子中含氧乙烯基、羧基及CS2 -，羧基及CS2 -可有效螯合水中、棉布上溶落的金属离子，防止金属离子催化双氧水过快分解，氧乙烯基具有良好的分散、乳化性能，在前处理工艺中，可将从棉布上脱落的浆料、杂质等稳定乳化、分散，基团苯的存在，能形成空间位阻效应，有利于螯合分散剂分子对布面脱除物质的稳定分散。
引发剂为常规水溶性引发剂，如过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾等。
螯合分散剂所涉原料均为市售。
4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚的制备方法为：
将聚乙二醇PEG(分子量100)20份，溶剂丙酮23份，催化剂碳酸钠0.4份加入装有回流冷凝装置的三口反应瓶中，在室温下搅拌反应1h，然后升温至45℃，加入4-乙烯基苄氯30份，继续反应4小时。将反应产物减压蒸馏除去溶剂，得到粗产物，然后进行硅胶柱色谱分离，得到4-乙烯基苄基苄基聚氧乙烯醚，产率为82-87％。
螯合分散剂的分散力的测试方法：
NaOH标液0.5mol/L；HCl标液1.0mol/L；轻质CaCO3≥300目；
1、称取10.00g样品，在100mL容量瓶中定容；同时做一不放样品的空白液，并将此溶液移入100mL的比色管中；
2、称取已烘干的CaCO3粉末2.00g倒入比色管中，剧烈振荡100次，于室温静置30min；
3、在比色管50mL处精确移取20mL溶液于锥形瓶中，加入65mL水稀释，然后加入15mL 1.0mol/L的HCl标液和6-7滴溴甲酚绿-甲基红指示剂；
4、用0.5mol/L的NaOH标液滴定至酒红色为终点，所用到NaOH标液量为V1分散力(mgCaCO3/g)＝C×(V0-V1)×100.09÷2
式中：C-NaOH标液浓度；
V0-滴定空白耗用的标液体积/mL；
V1-滴定样品耗用的标液体积/mL。
螯合分散剂的螯合性能则根据《GB/T 21884-2008纺织印染助剂螯合剂螯合能力的测定》方法测定。
实施例1：螯合分散剂的制备(原料以质量份计)
a、反应釜中加入去离子水420份、4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚18份、马来酸酐20份，搅拌加热至80℃；
b、同时滴加0.5份引发剂与水的溶液、19份烯丙基胺及15份丙烯酸单体；于2小时内滴加完，再保温反应2小时；
c、温度降至室温，按烯丙基胺、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳摩尔比1:1.1:1.2的比例，加入氢氧化钠，再缓慢滴加二硫化碳，于室温反应3小时，得所述螯合分散剂。
其中，4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚的制备方法为：
将聚乙二醇PEG(分子量100)20份，溶剂丙酮23份，催化剂碳酸钠0.4份加入装有回流冷凝装置的三口反应瓶中，在室温下搅拌反应1h，然后升温至45℃，加入4-乙烯基苄氯30份，继续反应4小时。将反应产物减压蒸馏除去溶剂，得到粗产物，然后进行硅胶柱色谱分离，得到4-乙烯基苄基苄基聚氧乙烯醚，产率为82-87％。
根据《GB/T 21884-2008纺织印染助剂螯合剂螯合能力的测定》方法及分散力的测试方法，分析测试了实施例1的螯合、分散性能，测得Fe3+的螯合力为592PPm、Ca2+的螯合力为487PPm，分散力为225mg CaCO3/g。
实施例2：
棉织物短流程前处理工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)、退煮一浴
配方：NaOH 10g/L、耐碱渗透剂TANEMUL WT 100(拓纳化学)3g/L、精练剂88ECO(科凯化工)3g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(2)、漂白
配方：双氧水稳定剂DM1403(德美化工)4g/L、精练剂88ECO(科凯化工)2g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L、100％H2O2 8g/L、NaOH 5g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(3)、丝光
工艺：NaOH 180-220g/L、车速45-60米/分钟。
棉织物样品：
纯棉面料1：45s*45s/146*90，全棉平布
纯棉面料2：16s*16s/124*96全棉细斜
纯棉面料1、面料2按实施例2工艺处理后，面料相关性能测试：
表1棉布短流程前处理工艺后的各项性能
| 白度 | 强降率/％ | 毛效 | |
| 纯棉面料1 | 84.47 | 6.3％ | 10.8cm |
| 纯棉面料2 | 83.28 | 7.8％ | 10.53cm |
实施例3：
棉织物退煮一浴处理剂，以质量份计，包括螯合分散剂18份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯9份、仲烷基磺酸钠17份、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物11份、水226份。螯合分散剂按实施例1所述方法制备。
棉织物退煮一浴处理剂的制备方法为：
1)、向搅拌釜中加入配比量的水、仲烷基磺酸钠，搅拌、溶解；
2)、加入配比量的油酸聚氧乙烯酯、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物，搅拌均匀；
3)、加入配方量的螯合分散剂，分散均匀后，过滤即可。
实施例4：
棉织物退煮一浴处理剂，以质量份计，包括螯合分散剂21份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯12份、仲烷基磺酸钠21份、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物14份、水248份。螯合分散剂按实施例1所述方法制备。
实施例5：
棉织物退煮一浴处理剂，以质量份计，包括螯合分散剂23份、油酸聚氧乙烯酯15份、仲烷基磺酸钠24份、FMEE脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物17份、水284份。螯合分散剂按实施例1所述方法制备。
实施例6：
实施例3-5所述棉织物退煮一浴处理剂的应用。
纯棉面料1：45s*45s/146*90，全棉平布
纯棉面料2：32s*32s/124*96全棉细斜
纯棉面料3：16s*21s/110*84全棉纱卡
(1)、退煮一浴
配方：NaOH 10g/L、退煮一浴处理剂15g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(2)、漂白
配方：精练剂88ECO(科凯化工)3g/L、螯合分散剂2g/L、双氧水稳定剂DM1403(德美化工)3g/L、100％H2O2 8g/L、NaOH 5g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(3)、丝光
工艺：NaOH 180-220g/L、车速45-60米/分钟。
以白度、强降率及毛效作为棉布经棉布煮漂一浴处理剂煮漂后的指标，相关测试结果如下：
表2棉布煮漂一浴处理后的各项性能
| 白度 | 强降率/％ | 毛效 | |
| 纯棉面料1 | 85.16 | 7.2 | 11.3cm |
| 纯棉面料2 | 84.72 | 8.3 | 10.7cm |
| 纯棉面料3 | 81.24 | 7.7 | 10.2 |
本实施例中，棉织物在退煮一浴法前处理助剂存在下，经汽蒸退煮一浴、漂白二步法前处理后，白度、强力降低率、毛效等指标均较好，可满足后道染色工序的要求。
Claims (5)
1.棉织物短流程前处理工艺，包括如下步骤：
(1)、退煮一浴
配方：NaOH 10g/L、耐碱渗透剂3g/L、精练剂3g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率80％→100℃汽蒸1小时→90℃热水洗，2格→80℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(2)、漂白
配方：双氧水稳定剂4g/L、精练剂2g/L、螯合分散剂3g/L、100％H2O2 8g/L、NaOH 5g/L；
工艺：二浸二轧，轧液率85％→100℃汽蒸1小时→95℃热水洗，2格→85℃热水洗，2格→50℃温水洗，1格→冷水洗，2格；
(3)、丝光
工艺：NaOH 180-220g/L、车速45-60米/分钟；
所述的螯合分散剂的制备方法为：以质量份计
a、反应釜中加入去离子水420份、4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚18份、马来酸酐20份，搅拌加热至80℃；
b、同时滴加0.5份引发剂与水的溶液、19份烯丙基胺及15份丙烯酸单体；于2小时内滴加完，再保温反应2小时；
c、温度降至室温，按烯丙基胺、氢氧化钠、二硫化碳摩尔比1:1.1:1.2的比例，加入氢氧化钠，再缓慢滴加二硫化碳，于室温反应3小时，得所述螯合分散剂；
所述的4-乙烯基苄基聚氧乙烯醚的制备方法为：
将聚乙二醇PEG(分子量100)20份，溶剂丙酮23份，催化剂碳酸钠0.4份加入装有回流冷凝装置的三口反应瓶中，在室温下搅拌反应1h，然后升温至45℃，加入4-乙烯基苄氯30份，继续反应4小时。将反应产物减压蒸馏除去溶剂，得到粗产物，然后进行硅胶柱色谱分离，得到4-乙烯基苄基苄基聚氧乙烯醚。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纯棉面料短流程前处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的引发剂为过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纯棉面料短流程前处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的精练剂88ECO、精练剂MES中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纯棉面料短流程前处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的耐碱渗透剂为渗透剂TANEMUL WT 100、渗透剂RUCOWET FN中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纯棉面料短流程前处理工艺，其特征在于：所述的双氧水稳定剂为氧漂稳定剂TF-122B或氧漂稳定剂DM1403中的一种。
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| CN110205796A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-09-06 | 上海天坛助剂有限公司 | 一种含过硫酸盐的织物漂白退浆组合药剂及其应用方法 |
| CN112626840A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 绵阳佳联印染有限责任公司 | 一种纯棉织物的前处理工艺 |
| CN115821568A (zh) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-21 | 合肥市东方美捷分子材料技术有限公司 | 一种纯棉纱布柔性前处理工艺 |
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| CN110205796A (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-09-06 | 上海天坛助剂有限公司 | 一种含过硫酸盐的织物漂白退浆组合药剂及其应用方法 |
| CN112626840A (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-04-09 | 绵阳佳联印染有限责任公司 | 一种纯棉织物的前处理工艺 |
| CN115821568A (zh) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-21 | 合肥市东方美捷分子材料技术有限公司 | 一种纯棉纱布柔性前处理工艺 |
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