CN108080002A - The catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin and preparation method of multicomponent reactive component high degree of dispersion - Google Patents
The catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin and preparation method of multicomponent reactive component high degree of dispersion Download PDFInfo
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- CN108080002A CN108080002A CN201711252666.6A CN201711252666A CN108080002A CN 108080002 A CN108080002 A CN 108080002A CN 201711252666 A CN201711252666 A CN 201711252666A CN 108080002 A CN108080002 A CN 108080002A
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- catalyst
- active component
- dehydrogenation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8946—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali or alkaline earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/327—Formation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds only
- C07C5/333—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/3335—Catalytic processes with metals
- C07C5/3337—Catalytic processes with metals of the platinum group
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin of the high degree of dispersion of component containing multicomponent reactive, the active component of the catalyst is not single noble metal, but various metals are combined, wherein three kinds of active components are Cu, Ir and Pt, 4th kind of active component is one or more for Rh, Pd, Ag and Au, and noble metal total amount is not higher than 0.30wt% in catalyst.By controlling the molar ratio and preparation method of each activity in catalyst, including obtaining the catalyst of active component high degree of dispersion after dry under oxygen free condition, roasting and chlorination processing.The catalyst of the present invention can effectively reduce the load capacity of noble metal, reduce the cost of catalyst, and the dehydrogenation activity of catalyst is more preferable, inactivate slower, longer life expectancy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to catalyst fields, and in particular to a kind of catalyst of the corresponding alkene of dehydrogenating low-carbon alkane system and preparation
Method.
Background technology
Propylene is important Organic Chemicals, and the byproduct of the conventional refinery process such as steam cracking and catalytic cracking is it
Main source, therefore propylene yield is limited by the production of major product ethylene and product oil.The propylene yield of current traditional handicraft cannot
Meets the needs of market is to propylene, the replacement production new technique of propylene is gradually paid close attention in market, including dehydrogenating propane (PDH), methanol
Five kinds of techniques such as alkene (MTO, MTP) processed, deep catalytic cracking (DCC), olefin cracking and olefin(e) disproportionation.In comparison, third
Alkane De-hydrogen Technology advantage becomes apparent, and possesses the advantages that technology maturation, good product quality, high conversion rate, by-product are few.
Current industrialized preparing propylene by dehydrogenating propane production technology is mainly the Oleflex techniques of Uop Inc., Uop Inc.
Oleflex techniques used in be precious metals pt catalyst.Propane catalytic dehydrogenating reaction is limited by thermodynamical equilibrium, must be
High temperature, low pressure harsh conditions under carry out, such as industrial dehydrogenating propane production propylene is to be carried out at a high temperature of 620 DEG C or so,
Except dehydrogenation main reaction, catalyst surface area can also be accelerated just like side reactions, these side reactions such as cracking, aromatisation and polymerizations
Charcoal makes rapid catalyst deactivation, and catalyst needs repeated regeneration, and Pt life of dehydrogenation catalysts in device is caused not grow.Therefore, drop
The content of Pt makes the cost reduction of catalyst in low catalyst, while improves steady after the activity of catalyst, anti-carbon and regeneration
Qualitative is the emphasis and hot spot of catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin research.
Patent CN 103785384 B, CN 104588011 B and USP4,353,815 disclose one kind by changing catalyst
The addition sequence and feed postition of middle each component prepare the preparation method of catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin, CN103785385 B reports
Road uses the carrier that thermal stability is good, acid low silica is as dehydrogenation, and 104588008 B of CN report carrier
Middle doping MgAl2O4Spinelle, 102553632 B of CN reports use carrier of the molecular sieve as dehydrogenation, although more than
Alkane conversion and alkene of the catalyst that these patents are prepared using new method and new support under some reaction conditions select
Property it is high, but catalyst prepared by these preparation methods is all sole active groups of the Pt used as catalyst without exception
Point, and the content of Pt, all in more than 0.4wt%, the cost for causing catalyst is higher.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the active component of catalyst present in existing technology of preparing
There is Pt as active component, the problem of load capacity for causing Pt in catalyst is big, and the ingredient of catalyst is high；It provides a kind of containing polynary
The catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin and preparation method of active component high degree of dispersion, your gold of catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin of the present invention
Activity is high when it is low to belong to content, and using at high temperature, and inactivation is slow.
The present invention is combined active component as dehydrogenation using various metals species, it is dry under nitrogen atmosphere and
Roasting prevent active component from assembling at high temperature, finally using chlorination processing catalyst make multicomponent reactive component high degree of dispersion
On catalyst, this special preparation process reduces the usage amount of noble metal in catalyst, and improves the de- of catalyst
Hydrogen activity, and inactivate slower, longer life expectancy.
The present invention is achieved especially by following technical solution：
A kind of catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin of the high degree of dispersion of component containing multicomponent reactive, by active component, auxiliary agent and carrier
Three parts form, and three kinds in active component are Cu, Ir and Pt, and the 4th kind of active component is a kind of or more for Rh, Pd, Ag and Au
Kind, auxiliary agent is one or more for alkali metal, remaining is carrier Al2O3；The active component, auxiliary agent presoma by dipping,
Dry and roasting is supported on Al2O3Chlorination is carried out again on carrier, after roasting to handle to obtain the low-carbon alkanes of active component high degree of dispersion
Dehydrogenation.Wherein described drying, the process for roasting load active component carry out in a nitrogen atmosphere；The chlorination
Treatment conditions are at a high temperature of 500 DEG C~600 DEG C, and the gas and sky of simple substance or compound containing chlorine element are passed through to catalyst
The mixed gas of gas composition, accounting of the gas containing chlorine element in mixed gas are less than 5v%.
Catalyst of the present invention, three kinds of active components are that the molar ratio of Cu, Ir and Pt are preferably (1~20)：(0.1
~1)：1, Pt content on a catalyst is 0.05~0.15wt%；4th kind of active component M of catalyst4With mole of Pt
Than being preferably (0.1~1)：1；The auxiliary agent alkali metal of catalyst is preferably at least one of K and Rb, and alkali metal and Pt rub
You are than being 30~60.
The chloride aerial accounting of gas is 0.1~5v% in the chlorination processing, and the air speed of air is
1000h-1~5000h-1, time of chlorinating is 1~5h.Gas containing chlorine element is preferably chlorine, 1,2- dichloroethanes and four chloroethenes
The one or more of alkene.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of abovementioned alkyl dehydrogenation, including：
1) presoma of Cu, Ir, Pt and the 4th active component are dissolved in hydrochloric acid and are made into maceration extract, then incipient impregnation arrives
Al2O3On, the carrier containing active component is made in dry in a nitrogen atmosphere, roasting and chlorination processing；
2) alkali metal salt is dissolved in water and is made into maceration extract, then on incipient impregnation to the carrier containing active component, room temperature
It places, catalyst is made in dry, roasting and chlorination processing in a nitrogen atmosphere；
The chlorination treatment conditions are at a high temperature of 500 DEG C~600 DEG C, are passed through simple substance or compound containing chlorine element
Gas and air composition mixed gas, accounting of the gas containing chlorine element in mixed gas be less than 5v%.
The catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin of present invention component containing multicomponent reactive high degree of dispersion is compared with prior art, of the invention
The usage amount of noble metal, improves the dispersion degree of catalyst activity component, carries in catalyst degradation dehydrating alkanes alkene catalyst
The high dehydrogenation activity of catalyst, and inactivate slower, longer life expectancy.A kind of high degree of dispersion of component containing multicomponent reactive of the present invention
Catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin has low-carbon alkanes catalytic dehydrogenation good effect, the dehydrogenation reaction activity of the catalyst propane
It is very high, the conversion per pass of propane is significantly improved, in 620 DEG C of reaction temperature, pressure is normal pressure, and the volume space velocity of propane is
1000h-1, H2The conversion ratio of/hydrocarbon (mol ratios)=0.5 time propane is more than 35%, and selectivity is more than 90%, and has well again
Raw stability, extends catalyst service life.The preparation method of catalyst of the present invention possesses good operability.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment is used to that technical principle, implementation and the effect of the present invention to be specifically described, but this hair
Bright method and core concept is not limited except as.
Embodiment 1
Catalyst A：Catalyst A contains Cu:0.50w%, Ir:0.10w%, Pt:0.15w%, Rh：0.05w% and K：
0.70w%, remaining is Al2O3, preparation method is as follows：
(1) carrier containing active component is prepared
Weigh commercially available spherical alumina support (grain size 1.6mm, pore volume 0.60cm3/ g, specific surface area 150m2/ g, water absorption rate
80%, following embodiment uses the carrier) 50g.
By the concentration of 1.9ml be 0.2M chloroplatinic acid aqueous solutions, 19.7ml concentration be 0.2M copper chloride solutions, 1.3ml
Concentration be that the concentration of 0.2M aqueous solution of chloraurate and 1.2ml is that 0.2M radium chloride aqueous solutions are uniformly mixed, add in the dense salt of 8ml
Acid, being eventually adding deionized water makes the final constant volume of the volume of maceration extract to 40ml.Maceration extract is added slowly to carrying alumina
In body, add in while stir, maceration extract is made uniformly to be supported on carrier.
The carrier for being supported with active component in room temperature is aged for 24 hours, is put into tubular reactor, 120 DEG C of nitrogen purgings are dry
Dry 3h, nitrogen purging are warming up to 550 DEG C of roasting 4h with 2 DEG C/min.Then at 550 DEG C, using air as medium, the air speed of air
For 1000h-1~5000h-1, the aerial content of chlorine is 0.6v%, and chlorination processing 2h obtains the carrier containing active component.
(2) carrying alkali metal
The concentration of 18ml is taken as 0.5M potassium chloride solutions, adding in deionized water wherein makes the final constant volume of maceration extract volume
To 40ml.Then catalyst is aged, is dried, is roasted and chlorination processing, step obtain catalyst with (1).
Embodiment 2
Catalyst B：Catalyst B contains Cu:0.50w%, Ir:0.08w%, Pt:0.15w%, Pd：0.06w% and K：
0.90w%, remaining is Al2O3, preparation method is as follows：
(1) carrier containing active component is prepared
Weigh commercially available spherical alumina support 50g.By the concentration of 1.9ml for 0.2M chloroplatinic acid aqueous solutions, 19.7ml it is dense
The concentration spent for 0.2M copper chloride solutions, 1.0ml is that the concentration of 0.2M aqueous solution of chloraurate and 1.4ml are 0.2M palladium bichloride water
Solution is uniformly mixed, and adds in the concentrated hydrochloric acid of 5ml, and being eventually adding deionized water makes the final constant volume of maceration extract to 40ml.By maceration extract
It is added slowly in alumina support, adds in while stir, maceration extract is made uniformly to be supported on carrier.
By being aged of the carrier for being supported with active component, dry, roast and the step of chlorination handles in (1) of implementing 1
Method, difference is that chlorinating agent is 1,2- dichloroethanes, and aerial content is 0.8v%, and chlorination processing 2h is obtained
To the carrier containing active component.
(2) carrying alkali metal
With the method in (2) of implementing 1, the concentration that the dosage of potassium chloride is 23ml is 0.5M potassium chloride solutions.
Embodiment 3
Catalyst C：Catalyst C contains Cu:0.60w%, Ir:0.05w%, Pt:0.20w%, Au：0.05w% and K：
0.80w%, remaining is Al2O3, preparation method is as follows：
(1) carrier containing active component is prepared
Weigh commercially available spherical alumina support 50g.By the concentration of 2.6ml for 0.2M chloroplatinic acid aqueous solutions, 23.6ml it is dense
The concentration spent for 0.2M copper chloride solutions, 0.65ml is that the concentration of 0.2M aqueous solution of chloraurate and 0.7ml are 0.2M gold chlorides
Aqueous solution is uniformly mixed, and adds in the concentrated hydrochloric acid of 5ml, and being eventually adding deionized water makes the final constant volume of maceration extract to 40ml.It will dipping
Liquid is added slowly in alumina support, adds in while stir, maceration extract is made uniformly to be supported on carrier.
By being aged of the carrier for being supported with active component, dry, roast and the step of chlorination handles in (1) of implementing 1
Method, difference is that chlorinating agent is tetrachloro-ethylene, aerial content be 0.4v%, chlorination processing 2h, contained
The carrier of active component.
(2) carrying alkali metal
With the method in (2) of implementing 1, the concentration that the dosage of potassium chloride is 20ml is 0.5M potassium chloride solutions.
Embodiment 4
Catalyst D：Catalyst D contains Cu:0.7w%, Ir:0.10w%, Pt:0.15w%, Rh：0.05w% and Rb：
0.80w%, remaining is Al2O3, preparation method is as follows：
(1) carrier containing active component is prepared
Weigh commercially available spherical alumina support 50g.By the concentration of 1.9ml for 0.2M chloroplatinic acid aqueous solutions, 27.6ml it is dense
The concentration spent for 0.2M copper chloride solutions, 1.3ml is that the concentration of 0.2M aqueous solution of chloraurate and 1.2ml are 0.2M radium chloride water
Solution is uniformly mixed, and adds in the concentrated hydrochloric acid of 4ml, and being eventually adding deionized water makes the final constant volume of maceration extract to 40ml.By maceration extract
It is added slowly in alumina support, adds in while stir, maceration extract is made uniformly to be supported on carrier.
By being aged of the carrier for being supported with active component, dry, roast and the step of chlorination handles in (1) of implementing 1
Method.
(2) carrying alkali metal
With the method in (2) of implementing 1, the concentration that the dosage of rubidium chloride is 9.3ml is 0.5M rubidium chloride aqueous solutions.
Reaction evaluating, evaluation condition are carried out to catalyst A, B, C and D：620 DEG C of reaction temperature, pressure is normal pressure, propane
Volume space velocity is 1000h-1, H2/ hydrocarbon (mol ratios)=0.5.Catalyst needs to carry out hydrogen reducing processing, treatment conditions before the reaction
For 550 DEG C, 4h is reduced.Evaluation result such as table 1.
The dehydrogenation reaction performance of 1 catalyst of table
Find out possess the catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin of multicomponent reactive component high degree of dispersion from the reaction evaluating data of table 1
A, when B, C and D react for dehydrogenating propane, the conversion ratio and Propylene Selectivity of propane are all higher, and with the reaction time, propane turns
Rate declines unobvious.Therefore the catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin activity for possessing multicomponent reactive component high degree of dispersion is high and not volatile
It is living.
Circular response-regeneration condition：Catalyst A, B, C and D are carried out to the survey of circular response-regeneration catalyzing dehydrogenation activity
It is fixed.Reaction evaluating condition is constant.Catalyst regeneration conditions：With oxygen content it is 5% at 500 DEG C after 5 hours of catalyst reaction
Carbon distribution on nitrogen and oxygen mixture burn-up catalyst, the burn soot time is 3h, then with hydrogen when 480 DEG C of reductase 12s are small,
It has reduced rear catalyst and has then carried out reaction evaluating experiment.Circular response-regenerated outcome is listed in table 2, and each data is in reaction 5h
Average value.
Circular response-regenerability of 2 catalyst of table
It can be seen that from circular response-regeneration data of table 2 after repeatedly regenerating, possess multicomponent reactive component height
Scattered catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin A, B, C and D dehydrogenation is stablized.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin of the high degree of dispersion of component containing multicomponent reactive, by active component, auxiliary agent and carrier three
Part forms, which is characterized in that three kinds in active component are Cu, Ir and Pt, and the 4th kind of active component is Rh, Pd, Ag and Au
One or more, auxiliary agent is one or more for alkali metal, and the total content of noble metal is not higher than 0.30wt%, Cu and alkali in catalyst
The total content of metal is not higher than 1.5wt%, remaining is carrier Al2O3；The active component of the catalyst for dehydrogenation of low-carbon paraffin,
Auxiliary agent is by impregnating, drying, roasting and be supported on Al2O3Chlorination is carried out on carrier, after roasting again to handle to obtain active component height point
Scattered catalyst；Wherein described drying, the process for roasting load active component carry out in a nitrogen atmosphere；The chlorination
Treatment conditions are that gas and the air composition of simple substance or compound containing chlorine element are passed through at a high temperature of 500 DEG C~600 DEG C
Mixed gas, accounting of the gas containing chlorine element in mixed gas are less than 5v%.
2. catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that wherein three kinds of active components of prepared catalyst are
Cu, Ir and Pt, Cu：Ir：The molar ratio of Pt is (1~20)：(0.1~1)：1, Pt content on a catalyst for 0.05~
0.15wt%；4th kind of active component M of catalyst4Molar ratio with Pt is 0.1~1：1；The auxiliary agent of catalyst is in K and Rb
At least one, the molar ratio of alkali metal and Pt are 20~60.
3. catalyst according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in described chlorination processing the gas containing chlorine element with
Accounting in the mixed gas of air composition is 0.1~5v%, and the air speed of mixed gas is 1000h-1~5000h-1, during chlorination
Between be 1~5h；Gas containing chlorine element is the one or more of chlorine, 1,2- dichloroethanes and tetrachloro-ethylene.
4. a kind of preparation method according to any catalyst of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that
1) presoma of Cu, Ir, Pt and the 4th active component are dissolved in hydrochloric acid and are made into maceration extract, then incipient impregnation to carrier
On, it in a nitrogen atmosphere, dries and roasts, handled after roasting using chlorination and the carrier containing active component is made；
2) alkali metal salt is dissolved in water and is made into maceration extract, then on incipient impregnation to the carrier containing active component, in nitrogen gas
Dry and roasting under atmosphere, handles using chlorination and catalyst is made；
The chlorination treatment conditions are at a high temperature of 500 DEG C~600 DEG C, are passed through the gas of simple substance or compound containing chlorine element
The mixed gas of body and air composition, accounting of the gas containing chlorine element in mixed gas are less than 5v%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112517055A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-19 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Coupling aromatization catalyst and preparation method and application thereof |
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