CN108074993A - 用于太阳能电池的前电极和包括其的太阳能电池 - Google Patents
用于太阳能电池的前电极和包括其的太阳能电池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108074993A CN108074993A CN201710429961.8A CN201710429961A CN108074993A CN 108074993 A CN108074993 A CN 108074993A CN 201710429961 A CN201710429961 A CN 201710429961A CN 108074993 A CN108074993 A CN 108074993A
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- solar cell
- conductive layer
- powder
- metal powder
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于太阳能电池的前电极和一种包含其的太阳能电池。所述用于太阳能电池的前电极包含:衬底;在所述衬底上形成的第一导电层;以及在所述第一导电层上形成的第二导电层,其中所述第二导电层由组成物形成,所述组成物包括:作为第一金属粉末的银粉;以及作为第二金属粉末的锡粉、铅粉和铋粉中的至少一者,并且其中所述第二金属粉末以所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层在烘烤之前的总重量计以0.1重量%到15重量%的量存在。本发明的太阳能电池可以通过增加所述太阳能电池的拉伸强度同时对于既定量的导电粉末维持电池效率高于或等于仅包含银粉作为所述导电粉末的前电极的电池效率来改进所述太阳能电池的长期可靠性。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年11月11日提交的韩国专利申请10-2016-0150639的权益,所述专利申请的全部公开内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于太阳能电池的前电极和一种包含其的太阳能电池。更具体来说,本发明涉及一种用于太阳能电池的前电极,其可以通过增加太阳能电池的拉伸强度同时对于既定量的导电粉末维持电池效率高于或等于仅包含银粉作为所述导电粉末的前电极的电池效率来改进所述太阳能电池的长期可靠性;和一种包含其的太阳能电池。
背景技术
太阳能电池使用将日光的光子转化成电的p-n结的光生伏打效应产生电。在太阳能电池中,分别在具有p-n结的半导体晶片或衬底的上表面和下表面上形成前电极和后电极。随后,通过进入半导体晶片的日光诱发p-n结处的光生伏打效应并且通过p-n结处的光生伏打效应产生的电子通过电极将电流提供到外部。
太阳能电池的电极可以通过以下方式来制造:向晶片的表面涂覆包含导电粉末、玻璃料和有机载体的电极糊,随后图案化和烘烤。为了增加太阳能电池的效率,可以使用双层印刷。在典型的双层印刷中,相同的糊用于第一层与第二层。一般来说,糊包含银粉。
为了增加太阳能电池的效率,重要的是降低印刷电极的电阻。
常规地,改变玻璃料或改进电极糊的可印刷性的方法已经用以降低利用双层印刷的电池中电极的电阻。另外,太阳能电池应具有良好的长期可靠性。
相关技术的一个实例公开于日本特许公开专利申请第2015-144162号中。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面是提供一种用于太阳能电池的前电极,其可以通过增加太阳能电池的拉伸强度同时对于既定量的导电粉末维持电池效率高于或等于仅包含银粉作为所述导电粉末的前电极的电池效率来改进所述太阳能电池的长期可靠性。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种用于太阳能电池的前电极,其可以降低烧结温度,由此改进可烧结性。
根据本发明的一个方面,用于太阳能电池的前电极包含:衬底;在所述衬底上形成的第一导电层;以及在所述第一导电层上形成的第二导电层,其中所述第二导电层由组成物形成,所述组成物包括:作为第一金属粉末的银粉;以及作为第二金属粉末的锡粉、铅粉和铋粉中的至少一者,并且其中所述第二金属粉末以所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层在烘烤之前的总重量计以0.1重量%到15重量%的量存在。
在一个实施例中,所述第二金属粉末的平均粒径(D50)可以是0.1μm到3μm。
在一个实施例中,所述组成物可以包含60重量%到95重量%的所述第一金属粉末、0.1重量%到20重量%的所述第二金属粉末、0.5重量%到20重量%的玻璃料和1重量%到30重量%的有机载体。
在一个实施例中,所述组成物可以还包含:分散剂、触变剂、塑化剂、粘度稳定剂、抗起泡剂、颜料、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂和偶合剂中的至少一种添加剂。
在一个实施例中,所述第一导电层可以包含银粉。
根据本发明的另一方面提供一种太阳能电池,其包含根据本发明的用于太阳能电池的前电极。
根据本发明,有可能提供一种用于太阳能电池的前电极,其可以通过增加太阳能电池的拉伸强度同时对于既定量的导电粉末维持电池效率高于或等于仅包含银粉作为所述导电粉末的前电极的电池效率来改进所述太阳能电池的长期可靠性。
另外,根据本发明,有可能提供一种用于太阳能电池的前电极,其可以降低烧结温度,由此改进可烧结性。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的太阳能电池的示意图。
具体实施方式
下文将参照附图详细描述本发明的实施例。应理解,本发明可以用不同方式体现并且不限于以下实施例。
本发明的一个方面涉及一种用于太阳能电池的前电极。
所述用于太阳能电池的前电极包含:衬底;在所述衬底上形成的第一导电层;以及在所述第一导电层上形成的第二导电层,其中所述第二导电层可以由组成物形成,所述组成物包括:作为第一金属粉末的银粉;以及作为第二金属粉末的锡粉、铅粉和铋粉中的至少一者,并且所述第二导电粉末可以以0.1重量%到15重量%(例如0.1重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%或15重量%)的量存在于所述用于太阳能电池的前电极中。
第二导电层
第二导电层可以由包含导电粉末、玻璃料和有机载体的导电组成物形成。
导电粉末
导电粉末包含第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末。
导电粉末包含银(Ag)粉,以作为第一金属粉末。银粉的粒度可以是纳米级或微米级。举例来说,银粉的粒度可以是几十纳米到数百纳米或数微米到几十微米。或者,银粉可以是具有不同粒度的两种或多于两种类型银粉的混合物。
银粉的形状可以是球形、片状或非晶形。
银粉的平均粒径(D50)优选是0.1μm到3μm,更优选是0.5μm到2μm,例如是0.5μm、0.6μm、0.7μm、0.8μm、0.9μm、1.0μm、1.1μm、1.2μm、1.3μm、1.4μm、1.5μm、1.6μm、1.7μm、1.8μm、1.9μm或2.0μm。在此平均粒径范围内,组成物可以提供低接触电阻和低线路电阻。平均粒径(D50)可以在经由超声波处理在25℃下使导电粉末分散于异丙醇(isopropyl alcohol,IPA)中3分钟之后使用例如型号1064D(西莱斯有限公司(CILAS Co.,Ltd.))来测量。
第一金属粉末以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计可以以60重量%到95重量%的量存在。在此范围内,第一金属粉末可以防止因电阻增加所引起的转化效率降低和由于有机载体量相对减少而难以形成糊。优选地,第一金属粉末以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计以70重量%到90重量%的量存在、例如以70重量%、71重量%、72重量%、73重量%、74重量%、75重量%、76重量%、77重量%、78重量%、79重量%、80重量%、81重量%、82重量%、83重量%、84重量%、85重量%、86重量%、87重量%、88重量%、89重量%或90重量%的量存在。
第一金属粉末以第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的总重量计可以以80重量%到99.9重量%的量存在、优选以85重量%到99.9重量%的量存在、例如以85重量%、86重量%、87重量%、88重量%、89重量%、90重量%、91重量%、92重量%、93重量%、94重量%、95重量%、96重量%、97重量%、98重量%、99重量%或99.9重量%的量存在。在此范围内,前金属粉末可以提供极佳转化效率和高拉伸强度。
导电粉末可以包含锡粉、铅粉和铋粉中的至少一者作为第二金属粉末。
根据本发明的用于太阳能电池的前电极包含第一导电层和第二导电层,并且第二金属粉末仅包含于第二导电层中。对于既定量的金属粉末,根据本发明的用于太阳能电池的前电极可以提供的电池效率高于或等于仅包含第一金属粉末的前电极的电池效率。在根据本发明的用于太阳能电池的前电极中,第二导电粉末以第一导电层和第二导电层在烘烤之前的总重量计可以以0.1重量%到15重量%的量存在、例如以0.1重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%或15重量%的量存在。在此范围内,第二导电粉末可以增加用于太阳能电池的前电极的拉伸强度,由此改进太阳能电池的长期可靠性。如本文所用,术语“长期可靠性”意味着,有可能在太阳能电池经历从高温到低温和从低温到高温的热冲击试验时防止带等分离。优选地,在用于太阳能电池的前电极中,第二金属粉末在烘烤之前可以以0.1重量%到10重量%的量存在、例如以0.1重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%或10重量%的量存在。用于太阳能电池的前电极的拉伸强度可以是2.5N/mm或大于2.5N/mm,优选是2.8N/mm到5.0N/mm、3.0N/mm到5.0N/mm,例如是3.0N/mm、4.0N/mm或5.0N/mm。在此范围内,包含前电极的太阳能电池可以具有极佳长期可靠性。
另外,第二金属粉末可以降低组成物的烧结温度以改进可烧结性,由此增强太阳能电池的效率。
优选地,第二金属粉末的平均粒径(D50)是0.1μm到3μm,更优选是0.5μm到3μm,例如是0.5μm、1μm、1.5μm、2μm、2.5μm或3μm。在此范围内,组成物可以提供低接触电阻和低线路电阻。第二金属粉末的平均粒径以与第一金属粉末的平均粒径相同的方式进行测量。
第二金属粉末以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计可以以0.1重量%到20重量%的量存在、例如以0.1重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%或20重量%的量存在。在此范围内,第二金属粉末可以增加用于太阳能电池的前电极烘烤之后的拉伸强度同时防止电极效率降低。优选地,第二金属粉末以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计以0.1重量%到15重量%、5重量%到15重量%的量存在、例如以5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%或15重量%的量存在。
此外,第二金属粉末以用于太阳能电池的前电极的第一导电层和第二导电层在烘烤之前的总重量计可以以0.1重量%到15重量%的量存在、优选以0.1重量%到10重量%、例如0.1重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%或10重量%的量存在。在此范围内,前电极可以具有极佳效率同时展现改进的拉伸强度。
玻璃料
玻璃料用以通过蚀刻抗反射层和熔化银粉来增强导电粉末与晶片或衬底之间的粘着力并且在发射极区域中形成银晶体颗粒,以便在电极糊的烘烤过程期间降低接触电阻。此外,在烘烤过程期间,玻璃料软化并且降低烘烤温度。
当为了改进太阳能电池效率而增加太阳能电池的面积时,可能存在太阳能电池接触电阻增加的问题。因此,有必要使串联电阻(Rs)和对p-n结的影响两者降到最低。另外,由于在越来越多地使用具有不同薄层电阻的各种晶片的情况下,烘烤温度在广泛范围内变化,因此需要玻璃料保证充分的热稳定性以耐受广泛范围的烘烤温度。
玻璃料可以是典型地在所属领域中用于太阳能电池电极的糊中的含铅玻璃料和无铅玻璃料中的任一者。
玻璃料可以包含至少一种由以下所构成的族群中选出的金属氧化物:氧化铅、氧化硅、氧化碲、氧化铋、氧化锌、氧化硼、氧化铝、氧化钨和其组合。举例来说,玻璃料可以是以下中的任一者:氧化锌-氧化硅(ZnO-SiO2)、氧化锌-氧化硼-氧化硅(ZnO-B2O3-SiO2)、氧化锌-氧化硼-氧化硅-氧化铝(ZnO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3)、氧化铋-氧化硅(Bi2O3-SiO2)、氧化铋-氧化硼-氧化硅(Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2)、氧化铋-氧化硼-氧化硅-氧化铝(Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3)、氧化铋-氧化锌-氧化硼-氧化硅(Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2)、氧化铋-氧化锌-氧化硼-氧化硅-氧化铝(Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3)、氧化铅-氧化碲(PbO-TeO2)、氧化铅-氧化碲-氧化硅(PbO-TeO2-SiO2)、氧化铅-氧化碲-氧化锂(PbO-TeO2-Li2O)、氧化铋-氧化碲(Bi2O3-TeO2)、氧化铋-氧化碲-氧化硅(Bi2O3-TeO2-SiO2)、氧化碲-氧化锌(TeO2-ZnO)和氧化铋-氧化碲-氧化锂(Bi2O3-TeO2-Li2O)玻璃料。
玻璃料可以通过所属领域中已知的任何典型方法由此类金属氧化物制备。举例来说,金属氧化物可以以预定比率混合。混合可以使用球磨机或行星式磨机进行。使混合物在700℃到1300℃下熔化,随后骤冷到25℃。使用盘磨机、行星式磨机等使所获得的所得物经历粉碎,由此制备玻璃料。
玻璃料的平均粒径(D50)可以是0.1μm到10μm、例如是0.1μm、1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm或10μm,并且以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计可以以0.5重量%到20重量%的量存在、例如以0.5重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%或20重量%的量存在。玻璃料的形状可以是球形或非晶形。在一个实施例中,两种类型的具有不同玻璃转化点的玻璃料的混合物可以用于组成物。
有机载体
有机载体通过与用于太阳能电池电极的糊的无机组分机械混合而赋予用于太阳能电池电极的糊适用于印刷的粘度和流变学特征。
有机载体可以是用于太阳能电池电极糊中的任何典型有机载体并且可以包含粘合剂树脂、溶剂等。
粘合剂树脂可以由丙烯酸酯树脂或纤维素树脂中选出。乙基纤维素通常用作粘合剂树脂。或者,粘合剂树脂可以是乙基羟乙基纤维素、硝化纤维素、乙基纤维素与酚树脂的掺合物、醇酸树脂、酚、丙烯酸酯、二甲苯、聚丁烷、聚酯、脲、三聚氰胺、乙酸乙烯酯树脂、木松香、醇的聚甲基丙烯酸酯等。
溶剂可以由以下所构成的族群中选出:例如己烷、甲苯、乙基溶纤剂(ethylcellosolve)、环己酮、丁基溶纤剂(butyl cellosolve)、丁基卡必醇(butyl carbitol)(二甘醇单丁基醚(diethylene glycol monobutyl ether))、二丁基卡比醇(dibutylcarbitol)(二甘醇二丁基醚(diethylene glycol dibutyl ether))、丁基卡必醇乙酸酯(butyl carbitol acetate)(二甘醇单丁基醚乙酸酯(diethylene glycol monobutylether acetate))、丙二醇单甲基醚(propylene glycol monomethyl ether)、己二醇(hexylene glycol)、松油醇(terpineol)、甲基乙基酮(methylethylketone)、苯甲醇、γ-丁内酯(γ-butyrolactone)、乳酸乙酯(ethyl lactate)和其组合。
有机载体以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计可以以1重量%到30重量%的量存在、例如以1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%、5重量%、6重量%、7重量%、8重量%、9重量%、10重量%、11重量%、12重量%、13重量%、14重量%、15重量%、16重量%、17重量%、18重量%、19重量%、20重量%、21重量%、22重量%、23重量%、24重量%、25重量%、26重量%、27重量%、28重量%、29重量%或30重量%的量存在。在此范围内,有机载体可以向组成物提供充足粘着强度和极佳可印刷性。
用于第二导电层的组成物可以按需要还包含典型添加剂以增强流动性质、工艺性质和稳定性。添加剂可以包含分散剂、触变剂、塑化剂、粘度稳定剂、抗起泡剂、颜料、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、偶合剂等。这些添加剂可以单独使用或以其混合物形式使用。添加剂以用于第二导电层的组成物的总重量计可以以0.1重量%到5重量%的量存在、例如以0.1重量%、1重量%、2重量%、3重量%、4重量%或5重量%的量存在。
第一导电层
第一导电层经形成以直接邻接第二导电层和衬底两者。
第一导电层可以由包含导电粉末、玻璃料和有机载体的导电层组成物形成。
导电粉末可以包含银(Ag)、金(Au)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)、铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、铝(Al)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、铱(Ir)、锇(Os)、铑(Rh)、钨(W)、钼(Mo)、镍(Ni)或氧化铟锡(rindiumtin oxide,ITO)。其可以单独使用或以其混合物形式使用。优选地,导电粉末可以包含银(Ag)粉。第一导电层不包含锡粉、铋粉或铅粉。
在一些实施例中,除了银粉之外,导电粉末可以还包含镍(Ni)粉、钴(Co)粉、铁(Fe)粉、锌(Zn)粉或铜(Cu)粉。
玻璃料、有机载体和添加剂与第二导电层中所描述相同。
衬底
衬底可以包含所属领域的技术人员所已知的任何典型衬底。举例来说,衬底可以由结晶硅或化合物半导体形成。此处,结晶硅可以是单晶硅或多晶硅。作为结晶硅,举例来说,可以使用硅晶片。
制造用于太阳能电池的前电极
用于太阳能电池的前电极可以通过所属领域的技术人员所已知的任何适合方法制备。举例来说,将用于第一导电层的组成物涂布到衬底上,随后在约200℃到约400℃下干燥约10秒到约60秒。随后,将用于第二导电层的组成物涂布到用于第一导电层的组成物上,随后在约200℃到约400℃下干燥约10秒到约60秒。随后,使所得物在约400℃到约950℃下、优选约700℃到约950℃下经历烘烤约30秒到约180秒,由此制造用于太阳能电池的前电极。
太阳能电池
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的太阳能电池的示意图。参考图1,根据此实施例的太阳能电池100包含衬底10、在衬底10的前表面上形成的前电极23和在衬底10的后表面上形成的后电极21,其中前电极23可以包含根据本发明的前电极。
在一个实施例中,衬底10可以是具有形成于其上的p-n结的衬底。具体来说,衬底10可以包含半导体衬底11和发射极12。更具体来说,衬底10可以是通过将p型半导体衬底11的一个表面与n型掺杂剂掺杂以形成n型发射极12来制备的衬底。或者,衬底10可以是通过将n型半导体衬底11的一个表面与p型掺杂剂掺杂以形成p型发射极12来制备的衬底。此处,半导体衬底11可以是p型衬底和n型衬底中的任一者。p型衬底可以是掺杂有p型掺杂剂的半导体衬底11,并且n型衬底可以是掺杂有n型掺杂剂的半导体衬底11。
在衬底10、半导体衬底11等的描述中,这种衬底的经光入射的表面称为前表面(光接收表面)。另外,衬底的与前表面相对的表面称为后表面。
在一个实施例中,半导体衬底11可以由结晶硅或化合物半导体形成。此处,结晶硅可以是单晶硅或多晶硅。作为结晶硅,举例来说,可以使用硅晶片。
此处,p型掺杂剂可以是包含第III族元素(例如硼、铝或镓)的材料。另外,n型掺杂剂可以是包含第V族元素(例如磷、砷或锑)的材料。
前电极23可以包含根据本发明的前电极。
后电极21可以使用包含作为导电粉末的铝粉的组成物制造。
接着,将参考实例更详细地描述本发明。然而,应注意,提供这些实例仅为了说明,并且不应以任何方式理解为限制本发明。
实例1
(1)第二导电层
使作为有机粘合剂的乙基纤维素(STD4,陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical Company))以如表1中列出的量与作为溶剂的丁基卡必醇混合,并且在60℃下充分溶解。随后,将作为第一金属粉末的球形银粉(AG-4-8,多瓦高科技有限公司(Dowa Hightech Co.,Ltd.),平均粒径(D50):2.0μm);作为第二金属粉末的喷雾干燥的锡粉(三井化学(Mitsui Chemical),平均粒径(D50):3.0μm);作为玻璃料的含铅玻璃粉末A(CI-124,帕蒂克洛戈瑞有限公司(Particlogy Co.,Ltd.),平均粒径:2.0μm);作为玻璃料的含铅玻璃粉末B(CI-5008,帕蒂克洛戈瑞有限公司,平均粒径:1.0μm);分散剂(BYK102,毕克化学(BYK-chemie));和触变剂(Thixatrol ST,海名斯有限公司(Elementis Co.,Ltd.))以如表1中列出的量添加到粘合剂溶液中,随后在3辊捏合机中混合和捏合,由此制备用于第二导电层的组成物。
(2)第一导电层
将2重量%作为有机粘合剂的乙基纤维素(STD4,陶氏化学公司)在60℃下充分溶解于5.5重量%的丁基卡必醇中。随后,将90重量%的球形银粉(AG-4-8,多瓦高科技有限公司,平均粒径(D50):2.0μm);1重量%作为玻璃料的含铅玻璃粉末A(含铅玻璃,CI-124,帕蒂克洛戈瑞有限公司,平均粒径:2.0μm,玻璃转化点:381℃);1重量%作为玻璃料的含铅玻璃粉末B(含铅玻璃,CI-5008,帕蒂克洛戈瑞有限公司,平均粒径:1.0μm);0.2重量%的分散剂(BYK102,毕克化学);和0.3重量%的触变剂(Thixatrol ST,海名斯有限公司)添加到粘合剂溶液中,随后在3辊捏合机中混合和捏合,由此制备用于第一导电层的组成物。
(3)太阳能电池
将所制备的用于第一导电层的组成物通过以预定图案丝网印刷而沉积在晶片(通过以下方式制备的单晶片(平均薄层电阻:80Ω):使掺杂有硼(B)的p型晶片的前表面纹理化,在纹理化表面上形成POCl3的n+层,和在n+层上形成SiNx:H的抗反射膜)的前表面上,随后在IR干燥炉中在300℃到400℃下干燥。随后,将所制备的用于第二导电层的组成物印刷在用于第一导电层的组成物上并且如上以相同方式干燥。
随后,通过能量色散光谱法(energy dispersive spectrometry,EDS)测量第一导电层和第二导电层中第二金属粉末的含量。在EDS映射于电极的截面上之后,通过图像分析程序将组分的映射面积彼此比较以得到面积比,由此测量第二金属粉末的含量。结果展示于表2中。
随后,将铝糊印刷在晶片的后表面上,并且如上以相同方式干燥。使根据此程序形成的电池在传送带型烘烤炉中在950℃下经历烘烤30到50秒,由此制造太阳能电池。
实例2
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但将第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的量如表1中列出而改变(单位:重量%)。
实例3
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但将喷雾干燥的铅粉(三井化学,平均粒径(D50):2μm)用作第二金属粉末。
实例4
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但将喷雾干燥的铋粉(三井化学,平均粒径(D50):2μm)用作第二金属粉末。
比较例1
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但第二导电层与第一导电层相同,以使得第二导电层不含有第二金属粉末。
比较例2
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但将第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的量如表1中列出而改变。
比较例3
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但将第一金属粉末和第二金属粉末的量如表1中列出而改变。
比较例4
太阳能电池以与实例1相同的方式制造,但在衬底上仅形成第二导电层而不形成第一导电层。
表1
关于以下性质评估在实例和比较例中制备的太阳能电池。结果展示于表2中。
(1)电学性质
使用太阳能电池效率测试仪(CT-801,帕山有限公司(Pasan Co.,Ltd.))关于填充因数(FF,%)和转化效率(Eff,%)评估在实例和比较例中制备的太阳能电池中的每一者。
(2)拉伸强度
使用拉伸测试器在180度下测量在实例和比较例中制备的太阳能电池中的每一者的拉伸强度。
表2
如表2中所展示,包含根据本发明的用于太阳能电池的前电极的太阳能电池的电效率高于或等于包含相同量的银粉代替第二金属粉末的比较例1的电效率,同时展现增加的拉伸强度。如上文所描述,通过增加拉伸强度,可以改进太阳能电池的长期可靠性。相反,不包含第二金属粉末的比较例1展现不良的拉伸强度。第二金属粉末的含量在根据本发明的规定范围之外的比较例2和比较例3具有因电阻增加所引起的效率降低和拉伸强度降低的问题。包含第二金属粉末但不包含第一导电层的比较例4具有因电阻增加所引起的效率降低的问题。
应理解,所属领域的技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下作出各种修改、改变、更改和等效实施例。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于太阳能电池的前电极,包括:
衬底;
第一导电层,形成于所述衬底上;以及
第二导电层,形成于所述第一导电层上,
其中所述第二导电层由组成物形成,所述组成物包括:作为第一金属粉末的银粉;以及作为第二金属粉末的锡粉、铅粉和铋粉中的至少一者,并且
其中所述第二金属粉末以所述第一导电层和所述第二导电层在烘烤之前的总重量计以0.1重量%到15重量%的量存在。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳能电池的前电极,其中所述第二金属粉末的平均粒径是0.1μm到3μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳能电池的前电极,其中所述组成物包括60重量%到95重量%的所述第一金属粉末、0.1重量%到20重量%的所述第二金属粉末、0.5重量%到20重量%的玻璃料以及1重量%到30重量%的有机载体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳能电池的前电极,其中所述组成物还包括:分散剂、触变剂、塑化剂、粘度稳定剂、抗起泡剂、颜料、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂和偶合剂中的至少一种添加剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于太阳能电池的前电极,其中所述第一导电层包括银粉。
6.一种太阳能电池,包括根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的用于太阳能电池的前电极。
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