CN108072574B - Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of rock mass structural surface - Google Patents
Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of rock mass structural surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN108072574B CN108072574B CN201711304143.1A CN201711304143A CN108072574B CN 108072574 B CN108072574 B CN 108072574B CN 201711304143 A CN201711304143 A CN 201711304143A CN 108072574 B CN108072574 B CN 108072574B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 55
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mass mechanics indoor experiments, and particularly provides a shear box for testing shear anisotropy of a rock mass structural plane. The invention aims to solve the problem of insufficient research results on the shear strength anisotropy of rock mass structural planes with different shapes and different scales. The upper shearing box and the lower shearing box comprise an outer box, an adjusting plate, an outer barrel, an adjusting barrel and an inner barrel, a containing cavity for placing a rock mass to be tested is formed between the inner barrels of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box, wherein the outer box, the adjusting plate, the outer barrel, the adjusting barrel and the inner barrel in the upper shearing box are fixedly connected through bolts, and at least the inner barrel in the lower shearing box can rotate by any angle relative to the outer box. Therefore, the shearing box can directly shear structural surfaces with different shapes and different dimensions along any shearing direction by exchanging the outer cylinder, the adjusting cylinder and/or the inner cylinder with different shapes and sizes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock mass mechanics indoor experiments, and particularly provides a shear box for testing shear anisotropy of a rock mass structural plane.
Background
The rock is an aggregate with certain coupling effect formed by combining single minerals or fragments under a certain geological effect according to a certain rule, and is a component of a rock body. Since the rock mass is a multi-slit body with a certain structure, which is cut by the structural surface in a longitudinal and transverse manner, the rock mass is a great difference from a common object. The deformation and strength of the rock mass are controlled by the structural surface, so how to accurately grasp the mechanical characteristics of the structural surface, especially the shear deformation and strength characteristics, is the key for evaluating the stability of the engineering rock mass. The rock mass mechanics indoor experiment is an important way for researching the shear deformation and strength characteristics of the structural surface, and the characteristics of flexible loading mode and convenient parameter acquisition of the direct shear experiment become a preferable experimental method for researching the shear characteristics of the structural surface in the rock mass mechanics indoor experiment.
The structural surface appearance of the rock mass is complex and the shear strength has the characteristic of anisotropy, so that the anisotropic research of reinforcing the shear strength of the structural surface has important scientific significance and application value for understanding the shear behavior of the structural surface and evaluating the stability of the engineering rock mass. The shearing box of the direct shearing experimental equipment is limited, and research results on the shearing strength anisotropism of the structural surfaces with different shapes and different scales are insufficient, so that further research on the shearing strength anisotropism of the structural surfaces with different shapes and different scales becomes a problem to be solved.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a shear box for testing shear anisotropy of a structural face of a rock mass to address the above-described problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely to solve the problem of insufficient research results of shear strength anisotropy of rock mass structural planes with different shapes and different dimensions, the invention provides a shear box for testing the shear anisotropy of the rock mass structural planes, the shear box comprises an upper shear box and a lower shear box which are arranged in opposite directions, the upper shear box and the lower shear box both comprise an outer box, an inner barrel and an adjusting component arranged between the outer box and the inner barrel, a containing cavity for placing a rock mass to be tested is formed between the upper shear box and the inner barrel of the lower shear box, wherein the outer box, the inner barrel and the adjusting component in the upper shear box are fixedly connected, and at least the inner barrel in the lower shear box can rotate relative to the outer box.
In the preferable technical scheme of the shearing box, the adjusting assembly comprises an outer barrel, the positions of the outer barrel and the outer box are relatively fixed, and the inner barrel can rotate relative to the outer barrel.
In the preferred technical scheme of the shearing box, the adjusting assembly comprises at least one pair of adjusting plates, the adjusting plates are fixedly connected with the outer box and form a cavity, and the outer side of the outer barrel is arranged to be capable of being clamped in the cavity.
In a preferred technical solution of the above shear box, the adjusting assembly further includes at least one adjusting cylinder disposed between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, at least the inner cylinder being rotatable relative to the outer cylinder.
In a preferred embodiment of the above shear box, the inner cylinder and the adjustment cylinder are rotatable relative to the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder and the adjustment cylinder are rotatable relative to each other.
In the preferable technical scheme of the shearing box, the outer side of the cross section of the outer cylinder is square, the inner side of the cross section of the outer cylinder is round, the outer side and the inner side of the cross section of the adjusting cylinder are both round, the outer side of the cross section of the inner cylinder is round, and the inner side of the cross section of the inner cylinder is suitable for a rock mass to be tested.
In the preferred technical scheme of the shearing box, the inner cylinder and the adjusting cylinder can rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and the positions of the inner cylinder and the adjusting cylinder are relatively fixed.
In the preferable technical scheme of the shearing box, the inner cylinder can rotate relative to the adjusting cylinder, and the positions of the adjusting cylinder and the outer cylinder are relatively fixed.
In a preferred embodiment of the above shear box, the inner cylinder and/or the adjustment cylinder is provided with a rotation structure, and the rotation structure is configured to enable the inner cylinder and/or the adjustment cylinder to rotate relative to the outer cylinder by cooperating with a rotation tool.
In the preferable technical scheme of the shearing box, scale marks capable of determining the rotation angle of the inner cylinder and/or the adjusting cylinder relative to the outer cylinder are arranged between at least the outer cylinder and the adjusting cylinder and/or between the adjusting cylinder and the inner cylinder.
It can be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the shear box of the present invention can perform anisotropic shear experiments on a rock structural surface sample by providing the shear box to include an outer box, an inner box and an adjustment assembly disposed between the outer box and the inner box, and forming a receiving cavity between the inner boxes of the upper and lower shear boxes in which a rock mass to be tested is placed. Wherein, outer box, inner tube and the adjustment subassembly fixed connection in the upper shearing box, lower shearing box can rotate relative outer box in at least the inner tube, not only can guarantee the stability of upper shearing box through such setting, can with placing in hold the rock mass in the chamber and carry out the rotation of arbitrary angle again. Through the setting of adjusting the subassembly, can make the inner tube of different specifications be in the outer box of same size to can carry out direct shear test to the rock mass structural plane of different shapes, different scales along arbitrary shearing direction through changing the inner tube, overcome among the prior art and cut the defect that the box can't carry out shear strength experiment to the structural plane of different shapes, different scales, enriched the research achievement to rock mass structural plane shear strength anisotropy.
Further, the adjusting assembly comprises an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is clamped in a cavity of the shearing outer box, and the inner cylinder is arranged in the outer cylinder and is in complete contact with the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder is rotatable relative to the outer cylinder. Through changing the inner tube of different specifications, shearing box can carry out the shearing experiment to the rock mass structural plane sample of different scales and shape. Through will place in the rock mass that holds the intracavity carries out arbitrary angle rotation, the shear box can carry out direct shear test to the rock mass structural plane of different shapes, different scales along arbitrary shearing direction.
Still further, the adjustment assembly further includes at least one pair of adjustment plates and at least one adjustment cylinder. The outer cylinder is clamped in a cavity formed by the adjusting plate and the shearing outer box, and the adjusting cylinder is arranged between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The outer wall of the adjusting cylinder is completely contacted with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and the outer wall of the inner cylinder is completely contacted with the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder. Wherein at least the inner barrel is rotatable relative to the outer barrel. The anisotropic shearing experiment can be carried out on rock mass structural surface samples with different shapes and different scales by increasing or decreasing or changing the number and the shape of the adjusting components and simultaneously adjusting the inner barrel corresponding to the rock mass to be tested. And the supporting setting of adjustment subassembly and inner tube has reduced the manufacturing cost of shearing box. Specifically, different rock masses correspond to different accommodating cavities, namely different inner cylinders, when experiments are carried out on different rock masses, only the inner cylinders are required to be replaced, and if no adjusting component is arranged, the radial thickness of the inner cylinders is large, the specification is increased, and therefore the cost of the inner cylinders is increased. In view of this, through increasing and decreasing or changing the adjusting plate and/or urceolus and/or adjusting cylinder setting in the adjustment subassembly, can make the thickness of inner tube less, specification reduce, if keep adjusting plate and urceolus unchanged, when the radial dimension of rock mass is less (i.e. the radial dimension of holding the chamber is less), increase the number of adjusting cylinder, and when the radial dimension of rock mass is great, reduce the number of adjusting cylinder, in this way, no matter how radial dimension of rock mass, the wall thickness of inner tube is all thinner for the wall thickness of inner tube when not setting up adjusting cylinder, and adjusting cylinder and inner tube can be mutually exchanged, mate and repeatedly used, consequently, the manufacturing cost of inner tube and then reduced the manufacturing cost of shearing box. That is, the shape and the size of the accommodating cavity for placing the rock mass to be tested are changed by exchanging the outer cylinders, the adjusting cylinders and/or the inner cylinders with different shapes and sizes, the inner cylinders for placing the rock mass to be tested are rotated by different angles, and the test requirements of the test anisotropy of the rock mass structural surface test samples with different dimensions and different shapes are met, so that the shear box can directly shear the structural surfaces with different shapes and different dimensions along any shearing direction.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is a front view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 1B is a left side view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 1C is a top view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a front view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 2B is a left side view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 2C is a top view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 3A is a front view of a rotary wrench;
FIG. 3B is a left side view of the rotary wrench;
FIG. 3C is a top view of the rotary wrench;
FIG. 4A is a front view II of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is a second left side view of the upper shear box of one embodiment of the shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 4C is a top view of a second upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 5A is a front view II of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 5B is a second left side view of the lower shear box of one embodiment of the shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 5C is a top view of a second lower shear box of an embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 6A is a front view three of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 6B is a third left side view of an upper shear box of an embodiment of the shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 6C is a top view third of an upper shear box of an embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 7A is a front view three of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 7B is a third left side view of the lower shear box of one embodiment of the shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 7C is a top view third of the lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 8A is a front view four of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 8B is a left side view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 8C is a top view of a fourth upper shear box of an embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 9A is a front view four of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 9B is a left side view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention;
FIG. 9C is a top view of a lower shear box of an embodiment of the shear box of the present invention;
list of drawings:
1. an upper shear box; 2. a lower shear box; (3, 4), the outer cylinder; 5. an adjustment plate; (6, 7), the outer cylinder; (8, 9), an adjusting cylinder; 10. a rotating wrench; (11, 12), an inner cylinder; (13, 14, 15, 16), an outer round inner square sleeve; (17, 18), an outside square and inside round sleeve.
Detailed Description
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present embodiment is only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For example, although the figures depict the fixing or mutual rotation of the parts in combination with the square and circular shapes, this is not a constant, and those skilled in the art can adapt the fixing or mutual rotation to the specific application, such as replacing the square with an irregular shaped structure, etc., and obviously, the modified solution will still fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directional or positional relationships, and are merely for convenience of description, but do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, as well as a specific orientation configuration and operation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or may be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
As shown in fig. 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B and 2C, fig. 1A is a front view of an upper shear box of an embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 1B is a left side view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 1C is a top view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 2A is a front view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 2B is a left side view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; fig. 2C is a top view of a lower shear box of an embodiment of the shear box of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1A, 1B, 1C and 2A, 2B, 2C, the shear box includes an upper shear box 1 and a lower shear box 2 disposed opposite to each other, and the upper shear box 1 includes an outer box 3, an inner box 11, and an adjustment assembly disposed between the outer box 3 and the inner box 11. The lower shear box 2 comprises an outer box 4, an inner barrel 12 and an adjustment assembly disposed between the outer box 4 and the inner barrel 12. And a containing cavity capable of containing a rock mass to be tested is formed between the inner barrel 11 and the inner barrel 12, so that a shear experiment of a rock mass structural surface sample is performed. Through such setting, just through the mode of changing the inner tube and increase and decrease, change adjustment subassembly, just can change the size of placing the holding chamber of waiting to test the rock mass, the inner tube that will have the holding chamber of equidimension is fixed in the outer box of unifying the size with rotatable mode to make the shear box can carry out the shearing experiment to the rock mass structural plane of different shapes and scales. Wherein, outer box 3, inner tube 11 and the adjustment subassembly of upper shear box 1 pass through bolt assembly fixed connection together, and the inner tube 12 of lower shear box 2 can rotate relative outer box 4. Through such setting, can enough guarantee the stability of last shear box, can will place in again hold the rotation of arbitrary angle of intracavity rock mass to make the shear box can carry out direct shear test to the rock mass structural plane of different shapes, different scales along arbitrary shearing direction.
With continued reference to fig. 1A, 1B, and 1C, the adjustment assembly of the upper shear box 1 includes an outer barrel 6, at least one pair of adjustment plates 5, and at least one adjustment barrel 8, as one example, the adjustment assembly includes a pair of adjustment plates, i.e., a left adjustment plate and a right adjustment plate. The left adjusting plate and the right adjusting plate are respectively contacted with the left side wall, the right side wall and the bottom plate of the outer box 3, fixedly connected with the front side wall and the rear side wall of the outer box 3 through bolt devices and form a first half open square cavity. In the assembled state, the outer cylinder 6 is just snapped into the first half of the open square cavity. The adjusting cylinder 8 and the inner cylinder 11 are mutually attached and just located in the outer cylinder 6. The outer cylinder 6, the adjusting cylinder 8 and the inner cylinder 11 are fixedly connected with the front and rear side walls of the outer box 3 through bolt devices, and the end parts of the bolt devices do not penetrate through the wall of the inner cylinder 11. So as to smooth the inner wall of the inner barrel 11 and form a complete semi-open receiving cavity.
With continued reference to fig. 2A, 2B, 2C, the adjustment assembly of the lower shear box 2 includes an outer barrel 7, at least one pair of adjustment plates 5, and at least one adjustment barrel 9, as one example, the adjustment assembly includes a pair of adjustment plates, i.e., a left adjustment plate and a right adjustment plate. The left adjusting plate and the right adjusting plate are respectively contacted with the left side wall, the right side wall and the bottom plate of the outer box 4, fixedly connected with the front side wall and the rear side wall of the outer box 4 through bolt devices, and form a second half-open square cavity. In the assembled state, the outer cylinder 7 is just clamped in the second half-open square cavity. The adjustment cylinder 9 and the inner cylinder 12 are mutually attached and just seated in the outer cylinder 7. Wherein at least the inner cylinder 12 is rotatable relative to the outer cylinder 7. The rock mass to be tested is placed in the accommodating cavity formed by the inner barrel 11 and the inner barrel 12, and the inner barrel 12 is rotated to drive the rock mass to rotate at different angles, so that the shearing box can directly shear the structural surface of the rock mass along any shearing direction.
Referring again to fig. 2C, 3A, 3B and 3C, wherein fig. 3A is a front view of the rotary wrench; FIG. 3A is a left side view of the rotary wrench; fig. 3A is a top view of a rotary wrench. The upper end surfaces of the adjusting cylinder 9 and the inner cylinder 12 of the lower shear box 2 are provided with rotary structures which are regular quadrangular holes. The long diagonal direction of the bottom surface of the regular quadrangular hole on the adjusting cylinder 9 is consistent with the radial direction of the cylinder wall of the adjusting cylinder 9, the length of the long diagonal line is smaller than the thickness of the cylinder wall of the adjusting cylinder 9, the side edge direction of the regular quadrangular hole is parallel to the depth direction of the adjusting cylinder 9, the length of the side edge is smaller than the depth of the adjusting cylinder 9, and the adjusting cylinder 9 can rotate around the cylinder center at any angle by inserting the rotating spanner 10 serving as a rotating tool matched with the rotating structure into the regular quadrangular hole. The side edge direction of the regular quadrangular prism-shaped hole on the inner cylinder 12 is parallel to the depth direction of the inner cylinder 12, the size of the regular quadrangular prism-shaped hole is the same as that of the regular quadrangular prism-shaped hole of the adjusting cylinder 9, and the inner cylinder 12 can be rotated around the center of the cylinder by using the rotary wrench 10 at any angle, so that the rock mass to be tested placed in the inner cylinder 12 can be rotated at any angle, and the effect that the shearing box directly shears the rock mass structural surface along any shearing direction is achieved.
It should be noted that, a person skilled in the art may reasonably set the rotation structure according to the actual conditions of the inner cylinder and the adjustment cylinder. For example, in the case where the inner tube and the adjustment tube are rotatable relative to the outer tube and the inner tube and the adjustment tube are fixedly provided relative to each other, the rotation structure may be provided only on the end face of the adjustment tube. The inner cylinder is driven to rotate by rotating the adjusting cylinder, so that the rock mass to be tested placed in the accommodating cavity rotates. As an example, the adjustment cylinder is a larger outer-round inner square sleeve, the inner cylinder is a smaller outer-square inner square sleeve, or the adjustment cylinder is a larger outer-round inner rectangular sleeve, the inner cylinder is a smaller outer-long Fang Nayuan sleeve. Further, the rotary wrench 10 is just an example of a rotary tool, and those skilled in the art can reasonably set the rotary tool, such as a robot, according to actual circumstances.
Referring again to fig. 2C, the inner edge of the upper end surface of the outer cylinder 7 of the lower shear box 2, the inner edge and the outer edge of the upper end surface of the adjusting cylinder 9, and the outer edge of the upper end surface of the inner cylinder 12 are all provided with graduation marks for determining the rotation angle of the inner cylinder, the graduation marks comprise long graduation marks and short graduation marks, the long graduation marks indicate 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, 270 °, and the short graduation mark interval is 5 °. Through setting up the scale mark, can directly see the relative adjustment section of thick bamboo of inner tube, the rotation angle of adjustment section of thick bamboo relative urceolus, improved the accuracy nature of experiment, the setting of scale mark is favorable to also in shearing experiment to the record of rotation angle data simultaneously, provides convenience for subsequent research.
It should be noted that, a person skilled in the art can flexibly set the scale lines according to the actual matching conditions of the outer cylinder, the adjusting cylinder and the inner cylinder. For example, when the adjusting cylinder is a larger outer-round inner square sleeve, the inner cylinder is a smaller outer-square inner square sleeve, or the adjusting cylinder is a larger outer-round inner square sleeve, and the inner cylinder is a smaller outer-long Fang Nayuan sleeve, the effect of determining the rotation angle of the inner cylinder relative to the outer cylinder can be achieved by arranging scale marks on the end surfaces of the outer cylinder and the adjusting cylinder.
As an exemplary description, in the above embodiment, the outer cylinder of the shear box is a larger outer square inner circular sleeve, the adjustment cylinder is a larger outer circular sleeve, the inner cylinder is a smaller outer circular sleeve, and at this time, both the adjustment cylinder and the inner cylinder of the lower shear box can rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and the inner cylinder and the adjustment cylinder can rotate relative to each other. Taking the above shape as an example, under the condition of large rock mass, the rock mass can be just clamped in the cavity in the middle of the adjusting cylinder, namely the adjusting cylinder is used as an inner cylinder, and the cavity in the middle of the adjusting cylinder is used as a containing cavity of the inner cylinder. Such an embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B, and 5C.
As shown in fig. 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B and 5C, fig. 4A is a front view two of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 4B is a second left side view of the upper shear box of one embodiment of the shear box of the present invention; FIG. 4C is a top view of a second upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 5A is a front view II of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 5B is a second left side view of the lower shear box of one embodiment of the shear box of the present invention; fig. 5C is a top view of a second embodiment of a lower shear box of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4A, 4B, 4C, 5A, 5B and 5C, the inner cylinders (11, 12) can be removed according to the size of the rock mass to be detected, and the adjustment cylinders (8, 9) outside the inner cylinders (11, 12) can be directly used as the inner cylinders. At this time, the outer tube 6 of the upper shear box 1 and the adjustment tube 8 as an inner tube are fixedly connected to the front and rear side walls of the outer box 3 by bolts. The end of the bolt passes through the wall of the adjusting cylinder 8 as an inner cylinder and is completely matched with the inside of the wall of the cylinder, so that the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 8 as an inner cylinder is smooth, and a complete semi-open accommodating cavity is formed. The adjustment cylinder 9 of the lower shear box 2 as an inner cylinder is rotatable relative to the outer cylinder 7. It can be seen that the size of the accommodating cavity for placing the rock mass to be tested of the shear box can be changed by adjusting the inner cylinder and the adjusting cylinder, so that the shear box can perform direct shear experiments along any shear direction on rock mass structural surfaces with different sizes.
It should be noted that, the adjustment manners of the inner cylinder and the adjustment assembly are not limited to the adjustment manners described in the above embodiments. But also the implementation described in the following examples.
As shown in fig. 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B and 7C, fig. 6A is a front view three of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 6B is a third left side view of an upper shear box of an embodiment of the shear box of the present invention; FIG. 6C is a top view third of an upper shear box of an embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 7A is a front view three of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 7B is a third left side view of the lower shear box of one embodiment of the shear box of the present invention; fig. 7C is a top view of a lower shear box of an embodiment of the shear box of the present invention. Referring to fig. 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B and 7C, the inner tube of the upper shear box 1 is replaced with an outer-round inner square sleeve 13, and the inner tube of the lower shear box 2 is replaced with an outer-round inner square sleeve 14. At this time, a square accommodating cavity is formed between the inner cylinders.
As shown in fig. 8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B and 9C, fig. 8A is a front view four of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 8B is a left side view of an upper shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 8C is a top view of a fourth upper shear box of an embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 9A is a front view four of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; FIG. 9B is a left side view of a lower shear box of one embodiment of a shear box of the present invention; fig. 9C is a top view of a lower shear box of an embodiment of the shear box of the present invention. Referring to fig. 8A, 8B, 8C, 9A, 9B, and 9C, the adjustment cylinder of the upper shear box 1 is an outer-round inner square sleeve 15, and the adjustment cylinder of the lower shear box 2 is an outer-round inner square sleeve 16. At this time, the outer-round inner square sleeve 15 and the outer-round inner square sleeve 16 can be used as inner cylinders to directly perform shearing experiments on the rock mass. At this time, a square receiving chamber having a large size is formed between the outer-round inner square sleeve 15 and the outer-round inner square sleeve 16. Or in the case that the inner cylinder and the adjustment cylinder can rotate relative to the outer cylinder and the positions between the inner cylinder and the adjustment cylinder are relatively fixed, the upper shear box 1 further includes a smaller outer square inner circular sleeve 17 as the inner cylinder corresponding to the outer round inner square sleeve 15, and the lower shear box 2 further includes a smaller outer square inner circular sleeve 18 as the inner cylinder corresponding to the outer round inner square sleeve 16. At this time, the smaller outside-square inside-round sleeve 17 and the smaller outside-square inside-round sleeve 18 form a cylindrical accommodation chamber in opposition.
Under the condition that the inner cylinder can rotate relative to the adjusting cylinder and the positions of the adjusting cylinder and the outer cylinder are relatively fixed, as an example, the outer cylinders of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box are larger outer square inner Fang Taotong, the adjusting cylinder is a larger outer square inner circular sleeve, and the inner cylinder is a smaller outer circular sleeve.
It should be noted that, those skilled in the art may set the inner cylinder of the shear box to a structure adapted to the shape of the rock mass to be tested. For example, the inner cylinder may be a sleeve of irregularly shaped configuration within the outer circumference, or the like. In addition, the outer cylinder and the adjustment cylinder can be adaptively adjusted according to different sizes and shapes of the inner cylinder by a person skilled in the art.
It can be seen that the size and shape of the accommodating cavity of the inner barrel for placing the rock mass to be tested are changed by disassembling or replacing the outer barrel, the adjusting barrel and/or the inner barrel, and the test requirements of the shear anisotropy of the rock mass structural surface samples with different shapes and different dimensions are met, so that the shear box can perform the shear anisotropy test on the rock mass structural surface samples with different shapes and different dimensions.
It can be seen from the above description that the shear box of the invention mainly comprises an outer box, an inner barrel and an adjusting component arranged between the outer box and the inner barrel, and a containing cavity for placing a rock mass to be tested is formed between the inner barrels of the upper shear box and the lower shear box, so that the effect of the shear box on a rock mass structural surface sample in a shear experiment is realized. Wherein, outer box, inner tube and the adjustment subassembly fixed connection in the upper shearing box, lower shearing box can rotate relative outer box in at least the inner tube, not only can guarantee the stability of upper shearing box through such setting, can with placing in hold the rock mass in the chamber and carry out the rotation of arbitrary angle again. Through the setting of adjusting the subassembly, can make the inner tube of different specifications be in the outer box of same size to can carry out direct shear test to the rock mass structural plane of different shapes, different scales along arbitrary shearing direction through changing the inner tube, overcome among the prior art and cut the defect that the box can't carry out shear strength experiment to the structural plane of different shapes, different scales, enriched the research achievement to rock mass structural plane shear strength anisotropy. The adjusting component comprises an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is clamped in a cavity of the shearing outer box, and the inner cylinder is arranged in the outer cylinder and is in complete contact with the inner wall of the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder is rotatable relative to the outer cylinder. Through changing the inner tube of different specifications, shearing box can carry out the shearing experiment to the rock mass structural plane sample of different scales and shape. Through will place in the rock mass that holds the intracavity carries out arbitrary angle rotation, the shear box can carry out direct shear test to the rock mass structural plane of different shapes, different scales along arbitrary shearing direction. The adjustment assembly further includes at least one pair of adjustment plates and at least one adjustment cylinder. The outer cylinder is clamped in a cavity formed by the adjusting plate and the shearing outer box, and the adjusting cylinder is arranged between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. The outer wall of the adjusting cylinder is completely contacted with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, and the outer wall of the inner cylinder is completely contacted with the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder. Wherein at least the inner barrel is rotatable relative to the outer barrel. It can be seen that the anisotropic shearing experiment can be carried out on rock mass structural surface samples with different shapes and different scales by increasing or decreasing or changing the number and the shape of the adjusting components and adjusting the inner barrel corresponding to the rock mass to be tested. And the supporting setting of adjustment subassembly and inner tube has reduced the manufacturing cost of shearing box. Specifically, different rock masses correspond to different accommodating cavities, namely different inner cylinders, when experiments are carried out on different rock masses, only the inner cylinders are required to be replaced, and if no adjusting component is arranged, the radial thickness of the inner cylinders is large, the specification is increased, and therefore the cost of the inner cylinders is increased. In view of this, by increasing or decreasing the adjustment plate and/or the outer cylinder and/or the adjustment cylinder arrangement in the adjustment assembly, the thickness of the inner cylinder can be reduced and the gauge can be reduced. Therefore, the production cost of the inner cylinder is reduced, and the production cost of the shearing box is further reduced. That is, the shape and the size of the accommodating cavity for placing the rock mass to be tested are changed by exchanging the outer cylinders, the adjusting cylinders and/or the inner cylinders with different shapes and sizes, and the inner cylinders for placing the rock mass to be tested are rotated by different angles, so that the test requirements of the test anisotropy of rock mass structural surface samples with different dimensions and different shapes are met, and the shearing box can directly shear the structural surfaces with different shapes and different dimensions along any shearing directions.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The shear box for testing the shear anisotropy of the structural surface of the rock mass is characterized by comprising an upper shear box and a lower shear box which are arranged in opposite directions, wherein the upper shear box and the lower shear box comprise an outer box, an inner barrel and an adjusting component arranged between the outer box and the inner barrel, a containing cavity for placing the rock mass to be tested is formed between the upper shear box and the inner barrel of the lower shear box, the outer box, the inner barrel and the adjusting component in the upper shear box are fixedly connected, and at least the inner barrel in the lower shear box can rotate relative to the outer box;
the adjusting assembly comprises an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is clamped in a cavity of the outer box, the inner cylinder is arranged in the outer cylinder and is in complete contact with the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the positions of the outer cylinder and the outer box are relatively fixed, and the inner cylinder can rotate relative to the outer cylinder;
the adjusting component also comprises at least one adjusting cylinder arranged between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder,
the inner cylinder and the adjusting cylinder can rotate relative to each other; the adjusting assembly comprises at least one pair of adjusting plates, the adjusting plates are fixedly connected with the outer box and form a cavity, and the outer side of the outer barrel is arranged to be clamped in the cavity;
the adjusting cylinder can rotate relative to the outer cylinder, and the positions of the inner cylinder and the adjusting cylinder are relatively fixed.
2. The shear box of claim 1, wherein the outer side of the cross section of the outer cylinder is square, the inner side of the cross section of the outer cylinder is circular, the outer side and the inner side of the cross section of the adjustment cylinder are both circular, the outer side of the cross section of the inner cylinder is circular, and the inner side of the cross section of the inner cylinder is adapted to the rock mass to be tested.
3. A shear box according to claim 1, wherein the inner cylinder is rotatable relative to the adjustment cylinder and the positions of the adjustment cylinder and the outer cylinder are fixed relative to each other.
4. A shear box according to any one of claims 1 or 3, wherein the inner cylinder and/or the adjustment cylinder are provided with a rotary structure arranged to enable rotation of the inner cylinder and/or the adjustment cylinder relative to the outer cylinder by co-operation with a rotary tool.
5. A shear box according to claim 4, wherein at least the outer cylinder and the adjustment cylinder and/or between the adjustment cylinder and the inner cylinder are provided with graduation marks which enable the rotational angle of the inner cylinder and/or the adjustment cylinder relative to the outer cylinder to be determined.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711304143.1A CN108072574B (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2017-12-11 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of rock mass structural surface |
| PCT/CN2018/117962 WO2019114550A1 (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2018-11-28 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of structural surface of rock body |
| GB2010621.7A GB2584799B (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2018-11-28 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of rock mass discontinuities |
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| CN201711304143.1A CN108072574B (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2017-12-11 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of rock mass structural surface |
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Families Citing this family (6)
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| WO2019114550A1 (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shear box for testing shear anisotropy of structural surface of rock body |
| CN109085071B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2023-10-03 | 河南理工大学 | Rock rotation shear test machine |
| CN110411822B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2020-02-14 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Shearing box for testing cyclic shearing characteristics of rock mass structural plane |
| CN111044390B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2023-03-14 | 武汉科技大学 | Shear box for testing structural surface anisotropy of rock sample and use method thereof |
| CN111323315A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-23 | 郑州大学 | Direct shear test device |
| CN111982719B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2023-09-12 | 河海大学 | Telescopic multifunctional shear test device and test method |
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