CN108061759A - A kind of Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods based on piezoelectric ceramics - Google Patents
A kind of Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods based on piezoelectric ceramics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods based on piezoelectric ceramics, including actively monitoring process and passive monitoring process.The electric signal that the present invention is monitored using piezoceramic transducer, by a series of analyzing and processing, the damage of concrete for hydraulic structure can be therefrom efficiently identified out, particularly crack damage, the position that undamaged generation and damage occur and the degree damaged can be accurately determined with.The present invention can carry out the non-destructive tests of concrete for hydraulic structure, small, high sensitivity in Monitoring System for Dam Safety with piezoelectric ceramics monitoring technology, and fast response time can obtain larger application in safety monitoring system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods, more particularly to a kind of water conservancy project based on piezoelectric ceramics
Damages of concrete structures recognition methods.
Background technology
Hydro-concrete Structures are due to by gravity load, hydrostatic pressure, wind load, temperature change, the rock mass of surrounding rock body
Internal force still suffers from the unfavorable load such as extreme load, earthquake, extraodinary flood, arid, while is deteriorated by material property, if
Meter, construction and management aspect defective effect, can be inevitably generated damage, to ensure hydraulic concrete structure for health operation,
It is most important that non-destructive tests are carried out to its state.Piezoelectric ceramics is at low cost, high sensitivity, makes in structural damage detects and identifies
With extensive.
For concrete dam, the main forms of damage are cracks, the early crack of concrete be difficult to by
It was found that if ignore minute crack develop as one pleases, under the influence of water pressure, physico-chemical attack and environment, they be possible to by
Step extension forms macrocrack.If macrocrack occurs in concrete dam, stress concentration phenomenon easily occurs, and then makes the position
Structure destroy, total may finally be damaged.It would therefore be desirable to do not occur big face in Hydro-concrete Structures
When long-pending damage or degree of impairment very little, its health status is fed back in time and propose rationalize opinion, prevent in
Possible trouble.
Suitable monitoring method is selected to carry out health monitoring to Hydro-concrete Structures such as dams, identifies structure damage as early as possible
Wound is lost and assures the safety for life and property of the people all to ensureing structure normal operation, reducing economic and social benefits with important
Meaning.
Since piezoelectric effect is found, sensor has been made using piezoelectric ceramics, damage monitoring is carried out to structure in each field
All it is used widely.Piezoelectric ceramics integrate perception and driving function, it is small, be quick on the draw, Hz-KHz is wide, price
It is cheap, easily cut out, be made into sensor for structure damage monitoring can not only identify structure partial damage, can also to knot
Structure is integrally damaged and is identified.At the same time it can also carry out long-term, continuous, monitoring in real time to structure.Therefore, piezoelectric ceramics is utilized
The damage of sensing technology identification Hydro-concrete Structures has great importance.
However, the signal collected in the prior art inevitably contains noise so that the signal-to-noise ratio of response data is small, and contains
The useful signal of characterisitic parameter is often submerged in noise, it is therefore desirable to use certain signal de-noising method and signal analysis side
Method extracts the useful information of reaction structure safe condition.Further, since hydro-structure average physique is huge, degree of freedom
Height will have false mode during Modal Parameter Identification, it is therefore desirable to the above problem is improved, made
Obtaining damnification recognition method has actual application value.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of can solve defect in the prior art based on piezoelectricity
The Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods of ceramics.
Technical solution:To reach this purpose, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods of the present invention based on piezoelectric ceramics, including actively monitoring process
With passive monitoring process, it is respectively:
Actively monitoring process comprises the following steps:
S11:Piezoceramic transducer measured signal y (t) is subjected to trend term elimination using moving average method;Wherein, t is
Time signal.
S12:Signal de-noising is carried out using Empirical mode decomposition is improved, obtains nearly baseline, the pretreatment of noiseless superposition
Signal;
S13:The obtained signals of step S12 are decomposed using wavelet packet;
S14:The Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum of signal is obtained;
S15:Damage indication index is established, structural damage degree is identified with this, damage is positioned;
Passive monitoring process comprises the following steps:
S21:Piezoceramic transducer measured signal is subjected to trend term elimination using moving average method;
S22:Signal de-noising is carried out using Empirical mode decomposition is improved, obtains nearly baseline, the pretreatment of noiseless superposition
Signal;
S23:It is extracted from the signal obtained from step S22 by vibratory response;
S24:Modal Parameter Identification is carried out to free vibration data;
S25:Damage indication index is established, carries out determining for the judgement for having not damaged generation and degree of injury.
Further, the step S12 specifically includes following steps:
S12.1:Obtain l-th of IMF signals cl(t), l=1,2,3 ...,;
S12.2:C is subtracted from f (t)l(t) r is obtainedl(t), i.e. rl(t)=f (t)-cl(t);By rl(t) as former data
Above step is repeated, obtains second component c for meeting IMF conditions of f (t)2(t), n times are so cycled, obtain signal f (t)
N meet the components of IMF conditions;Wherein, f (t) is the certainty ingredient of measured signal y (t) in step S11.
Further, the step S12.1 specifically includes following steps:
S12.11:Make k=2;
S12.12:By Gaussian process, interpolation method obtains coenvelope line u between all local maximumsk-1(t) and lower envelope
Line vk-1(t);
S12.13:The average m of envelope up and down is calculated by formula (1)k-1(t):
S12.14:M is subtracted with f (t)k-1(t), the new data sequence h of a rejecting low frequency is acquiredk-1(t), i.e.,:
hk-1(t)=f (t)-mk-1(t) (2)
Wherein, f (t) is the certainty ingredient of measured signal y (t) in step S11;
S12.15:Judge whether k is equal to K, K is maximum iteration:If it is, terminate;Otherwise, then continue to walk
Rapid S12.16;
S12.16:If hk-1(t) IMF conditions are met, then hk-1(t) be exactly f (t) -1 component of kth;Otherwise, k=is made
K+1 is then back to and performs step S12.12.
Further, the step S14 specifically includes following steps:
S14.1:Response signal WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION coefficient is extracted by formula (3)
Wherein, R (t) represents the new data series after denoising, ψj,h,i(t) it is to possess scale index j, positioning index h and frequency
The wavelet packet of rate index i;
S14.2:WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION coefficient is reconstructed, extracts the signal of each frequency range, the small echo of signal is obtained
Bag energy spectrum E:
Wherein,The energy of i-th of frequency band is represented, as shown in formula (5);
Wherein,It representsReconstruction signal,
Further, in the step S15, the process that structural damage degree is identified is as follows:Select a signal hair
Emitter transmitted waveform signal knows structural damage degree by receiving the amplitude size of signal piezoceramic transducer
Not:If the amplitude received under the lossless operating mode of Amplitude Ration of signal is small, judgement has depositing for damage in the region monitored
;If the amplitude for receiving signal is equal to the amplitude under lossless operating mode, judge there is no the presence of damage in monitored region.
Further, in the step S23, rung by Modal Parameter by Random Decrement from pretreated extracting data free vibration
It should.
Further, the damage indication index in the step S25 be intrinsic frequency index, jth rank intrinsic frequency index fnj
As shown in formula (6):
Wherein, fujIt is the jth rank natural frequency of vibration of lossless structure, fdjIt is the jth rank natural frequency of vibration under On Damage State.
Advantageous effect:The invention discloses a kind of Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods based on piezoelectric ceramics, profits
The electric signal monitored with piezoceramic transducer by a series of analyzing and processing, can therefrom efficiently identify out water conservancy project
The damage of concrete, particularly crack damage can accurately be determined with position and damage that undamaged generation and damage occur
The degree of wound.The present invention can carry out concrete for hydraulic structure in Monitoring System for Dam Safety with piezoelectric ceramics monitoring technology
Non-destructive tests, small, high sensitivity, fast response time can obtain larger application in safety monitoring system.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method in the specific embodiment of the invention;
The schematic diagram of piezoceramic transducer burial place when Fig. 2 is actively monitoring in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of reinforced beam actively monitoring pilot system in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that reinforced beam actively monitoring tests lancing location in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is that Injured level ERPS-2 receives signal graph in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is six kinds of damage regime gross energy indicatrixs in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the intrinsic frequency index under each damage regime when passively being monitored in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is further introduced with attached drawing With reference to embodiment.
Present embodiment discloses a kind of Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods based on piezoelectric ceramics, such as schemes
Shown in 1, including actively monitoring process and passive monitoring process, it is respectively:
Actively monitoring process comprises the following steps:
S11:Piezoceramic transducer measured signal y (t) is subjected to trend term elimination using moving average method;Wherein, t is
Time signal.
S12:Signal de-noising is carried out using Empirical mode decomposition is improved, obtains nearly baseline, the pretreatment of noiseless superposition
Signal;
S13:The obtained signals of step S12 are decomposed using wavelet packet;
S14:The Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum of signal is obtained;
S15:Damage indication index is established, structural damage degree is identified with this, damage is positioned;
Passive monitoring process comprises the following steps:
S21:Piezoceramic transducer measured signal is subjected to trend term elimination using moving average method;
S22:Signal de-noising is carried out using Empirical mode decomposition is improved, obtains nearly baseline, the pretreatment of noiseless superposition
Signal;
S23:It is extracted from the signal obtained from step S22 by vibratory response;
S24:Modal Parameter Identification is carried out to free vibration data;
S25:Damage indication index is established, carries out determining for the judgement for having not damaged generation and degree of injury.
Step S12 specifically includes following steps:
S12.1:Obtain l-th of IMF signals cl(t), l=1,2,3 ...,;
S12.2:C is subtracted from f (t)l(t) r is obtainedl(t), i.e. rl(t)=f (t)-cl(t);By rl(t) as former data
Above step is repeated, obtains second component c for meeting IMF conditions of f (t)2(t), n times are so cycled, obtain signal f (t)
N meet the components of IMF conditions;Wherein, f (t) is the certainty ingredient of measured signal y (t) in step S11.
Intrinsic mode function (IMF) needs to meet two primary conditions, also referred to as IMF conditions:
1. the extreme point and zero crossing number of entire data segment should be same or similar, one at most poor.
2. local mean value is zero.In any point, coenvelope line that limited a Local modulus maxima fitting forms and limited
The average of a local minizing point fitting into lower envelope line will be zero.
Step S12.1 specifically includes following steps:
S12.11:Make k=2;
S12.12:By Gaussian process, interpolation method obtains coenvelope line u between all local maximumsk-1(t) and lower envelope
Line vk-1(t);
S12.13:The average m of envelope up and down is calculated by formula (1)k-1(t):
S12.14:M is subtracted with f (t)k-1(t), the new data sequence h of a rejecting low frequency is acquiredk-1(t), i.e.,:
hk-1(t)=f (t)-mk-1(t) (2)
Wherein, f (t) is the certainty ingredient of measured signal y (t) in step S11;
S12.15:Judge whether k is equal to K, K is maximum iteration:If it is, terminate;Otherwise, then continue to walk
Rapid S12.16;
S12.16:If hk-1(t) IMF conditions are met, then hk-1(t) be exactly f (t) -1 component of kth;Otherwise, k=is made
K+1 is then back to and performs step S12.12.
Step S14 specifically includes following steps:
S14.1:Response signal WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION coefficient is extracted by formula (3)
Wherein, R (t) represents the new data series after denoising, ψj,h,i(t) it is to possess scale index j, positioning index h and frequency
The wavelet packet of rate index i;
S14.2:WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION coefficient is reconstructed, extracts the signal of each frequency range, the small echo of signal is obtained
Bag energy spectrum E:
Wherein,The energy of i-th of frequency band is represented, as shown in formula (5);
Wherein,It representsReconstruction signal,
In step S15, the process that structural damage degree is identified is as follows:Select a signal projector transmitted waveform
Signal is identified structural damage degree by receiving the amplitude size of signal piezoceramic transducer:If receive letter
Number the lossless operating mode of Amplitude Ration under amplitude it is small, then judge there is the presence of damage in the region monitored;If receive letter
Number amplitude be equal to amplitude under lossless operating mode, then judge the presence for not having damage in monitored region.
In step S23, responded by Modal Parameter by Random Decrement from pretreated extracting data free vibration.
Damage indication index in step S25 is intrinsic frequency index, jth rank intrinsic frequency index fnjAs shown in formula (6):
Wherein, fujIt is the jth rank natural frequency of vibration of lossless structure, fdjIt is the jth rank natural frequency of vibration under On Damage State.
The sectional dimension of present embodiment design reinforced beam is 150mm × 150mm × 550mm.Piezoelectricity is made pottery
Porcelain sensor is the cylinder that diameter of section is 30mm, thickness is 35mm.3 piezoelectric ceramics sensings are embedded in reinforced beam
Device, polarization direction is all along the length direction of reinforced beam.The size of reinforced beam, the position of reinforcing bar and pressure
The burial place of electroceramics sensor is as shown in Figure 2.
Using ERPS-1 as driving sensor, when experiment, is connected on waveform generator, and ERPS-2 and ERPS-3 are as receiving
Device.The actively monitoring system of reinforced beam is as shown in Figure 3.
First, when reinforced beam is in not damaged state, ERPS-1 transmitting signals, respectively with ERPS-2 and ERPS-3
Receive signal.After having surveyed, the seam of 5mm is cut out in the center position of beam with grooving machine, equally emits signal with ERPS-1, respectively
Signal is received with ERPS-2 and ERPS-3.Then seam is deepened to 10mm, 15mm ..., 30mm, repeats above-mentioned experiment.Test work
Condition is as shown in table 1, and reinforced beam joint-cutting is as shown in Figure 4.
1 reinforced beam actively monitoring of table is tested
With the sine wave of Agilent waveform generators transmitting 92kHz, 10Vpp, lossless operating mode and six kinds of damage regimes are gathered
Under signal data.Comparative analysis difference damage regime ERPS-2 receives signal, studies between response signal and degree of injury
Relation.ERPS-2 received signals when Fig. 5 is not damaged reinforced beam, penetration of fracture 5mm, depth are 10mm, signal
Sample frequency be 1000Hz.As can be seen from the figure have that signal amplitude during damage is smaller than lossless working condition signal amplitude, and
As the penetration of fracture increases, signal amplitude reduces.Result of the test shows that piezoelectric transducer receives signal amplitude with degree of injury
Increase and reduces, by signal amplitude variation can the presence or absence of tentative diagnosis structural damage and damage degree.
It analyzes under same damage regime, the reception signal of ERPS-2 and ERPS-3 probe into phase between piezoelectric transducer and crack
It is as shown in Figure 6 to the relational result between position and response signal.As seen from Figure 6, as the penetration of fracture increases, gross energy
Index is reduced, this meets the bigger stress wave of degree of injury propagates and run into rhegma wound and make the rule of energy attenuation in the structure.ERPS-
3 total energy figureofmerit is more than ERPS-2, this is because the burial place of ERPS-2, closer to crack, the stress wave received declines
Subtract degree bigger, therefore gross energy smaller.Therefore the index can be used for the Primary Location of damage, and crack location is in total energy figureofmerit
The one side of smaller piezoelectric transducer.
For passively monitoring, first the measured data of each measuring point to collecting carries out elimination trend with moving average method
Item, noise reduction, then to treated, data extract free vibration response processing respectively, then identify the natural frequency of vibration with STD methods
And the vibration shape.The intrinsic frequency index under each operating mode is calculated using frequency and the vibration shape, as shown in Figure 7.
It can be seen from figure 7 that with the increasing of degree of injury, the intrinsic frequency index curve per single order is totally all presented
The trend of liter, therefore the degree of injury of structure can be identified by intrinsic frequency index.
Judgement for damage reason location can monitor the signal difference at position to determine by different sensors, vibration source
Circulation way is to be spread at center toward surrounding, and the ripple of the vibration generation of vibration source is disposed in surrounding sensor and is connect
It receives, along the direction of propagation of ripple, the damage of structure is progressively examined to occur.Under the ripple and nondestructive state that are received using sensor
Ripple be compared, when ripple travels to first sensor, if the characteristic for the ripple that sensor receives changes, show to shake
Dynamic source is to the generation for having damage between first sensor, so as to complete the positioning of damage;If the characteristic of ripple does not change,
Then show that vibration source to the generation for not having damage between first sensor, continues to be tested toward on the position of next sensor
Card if the characteristic of next ripple changes, shows first sensor to the generation for having damage between second sensor,
So as to complete the positioning of damage;If the characteristic of ripple does not change, show first sensor to second sensor it
Between do not have damage generation, continue to be verified toward the position of next sensor on, if until authenticate to ripple characteristic generation
On the sensor of change or until the last one sensor.The width of signal can be selected for the quantization that the characteristic of ripple changes
It is worth index.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:Including actively monitoring mistake
Journey and passive monitoring process are respectively:
Actively monitoring process comprises the following steps:
S11:Piezoceramic transducer measured signal y (t) is subjected to trend term elimination using moving average method;Wherein, t is the time
Signal.
S12:Signal de-noising is carried out using Empirical mode decomposition is improved, obtains nearly baseline, the preprocessed signal of noiseless superposition;
S13:The obtained signals of step S12 are decomposed using wavelet packet;
S14:The Wavelet Packet Energy Spectrum of signal is obtained;
S15:Damage indication index is established, structural damage degree is identified with this, damage is positioned;
Passive monitoring process comprises the following steps:
S21:Piezoceramic transducer measured signal is subjected to trend term elimination using moving average method;
S22:Signal de-noising is carried out using Empirical mode decomposition is improved, obtains nearly baseline, the preprocessed signal of noiseless superposition;
S23:It is extracted from the signal obtained from step S22 by vibratory response;
S24:Modal Parameter Identification is carried out to free vibration data;
S25:Damage indication index is established, carries out determining for the judgement for having not damaged generation and degree of injury.
2. the Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods according to claim 1 based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:
The step S12 specifically includes following steps:
S12.1:Obtain l-th of IMF signals cl(t), l=1,2,3 ...,;
S12.2:C is subtracted from f (t)l(t) r is obtainedl(t), i.e. rl(t)=f (t)-cl(t);By rl(t) as former Data duplication
Above step obtains second component c for meeting IMF conditions of f (t)2(t), n times are so cycled, obtain n of signal f (t)
Meet the component of IMF conditions;Wherein, f (t) is the certainty ingredient of measured signal y (t) in step S11.
3. the Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods according to claim 1 based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:
The step S12.1 specifically includes following steps:
S12.11:Make k=2;
S12.12:By Gaussian process, interpolation method obtains coenvelope line u between all local maximumsk-1(t) and lower envelope line
vk-1(t);
S12.13:The average m of envelope up and down is calculated by formula (1)k-1(t):
S12.14:M is subtracted with f (t)k-1(t), the new data sequence h of a rejecting low frequency is acquiredk-1(t), i.e.,:
hk-1(t)=f (t)-mk-1(t) (2)
Wherein, f (t) is the certainty ingredient of measured signal y (t) in step S11;
S12.15:Judge whether k is equal to K, K is maximum iteration:If it is, terminate;Otherwise, then step is continued
S12.16;
S12.16:If hk-1(t) IMF conditions are met, then hk-1(t) be exactly f (t) -1 component of kth;Otherwise, k=k+1 is made,
It is then back to and performs step S12.12.
4. the Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods according to claim 1 based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:
The step S14 specifically includes following steps:
S14.1:Response signal WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION coefficient is extracted by formula (3)
Wherein, R (t) represents the new data series after denoising, ψj,h,i(t) refer to possess scale index j, positioning index h and frequency
Mark the wavelet packet of i;
S14.2:WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION coefficient is reconstructed, extracts the signal of each frequency range, the wavelet packet energy of signal is obtained
Amount spectrum E:
Wherein,The energy of i-th of frequency band is represented, as shown in formula (5);
Wherein,It representsReconstruction signal.
5. the Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods according to claim 1 based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:
In the step S15, the process that structural damage degree is identified is as follows:Select a signal projector transmitted waveform letter
Number, structural damage degree is identified by receiving the amplitude size of signal piezoceramic transducer:If receive signal
The lossless operating mode of Amplitude Ration under amplitude it is small, then judge there is the presence of damage in the region monitored;If receive signal
Amplitude be equal to amplitude under lossless operating mode, then judge the presence for not having damage in monitored region.
6. the Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods according to claim 1 based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:
In the step S23, responded by Modal Parameter by Random Decrement from pretreated extracting data free vibration.
7. the Reason of Hydraulic Structural Damage recognition methods according to claim 1 based on piezoelectric ceramics, it is characterised in that:
Damage indication index in the step S25 is intrinsic frequency index, jth rank intrinsic frequency index fnjAs shown in formula (6):
Wherein, fujIt is the jth rank natural frequency of vibration of lossless structure, fdjIt is the jth rank natural frequency of vibration under On Damage State.
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Cited By (5)
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CN109470352A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-03-15 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | Distributed optical fiber pipeline safety monitoring algorithm based on adaptive threshold |
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CN113640217A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-11-12 | 武汉地震工程研究院有限公司 | System for monitoring bonding state of concrete interface by steel bonding method |
CN113640217B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-21 | 武汉地震工程研究院有限公司 | System for monitoring bonding state of concrete interface by steel bonding method |
CN117349601A (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-01-05 | 济南大学 | Concrete damage classification method and system based on piezoelectric vibration waves |
CN117349601B (en) * | 2023-12-06 | 2024-03-05 | 济南大学 | Concrete damage classification method and system based on piezoelectric vibration waves |
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