CN108054744A - A kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector - Google Patents
A kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector; including i multilayer gap protection circuit; every multilayer gap protection circuit is both provided with first terminal and Second terminal; the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit is respectively as a different wire connection terminal of the multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector; for the Second terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit as common port and the Second terminal short circuit of remaining multilayer gap protection circuit, j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit further includes multiple gaps and a plurality of trigger circuit.The present invention in surge protector by setting a plurality of multilayer gap protection circuit; each multilayer gap protection circuit forms a protected mode; for compared with prior art; the present invention realizes multi-mode protection; and device is reused in different protected modes, can be saved space, be reduced cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of electronic devices, and in particular to a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector.
Background technology
Surge protector is for the electricity to direct lightning effects and the generation of indirect lightning effects or other transient overvoltages
Pour into the electric appliance of row protection.Surge protector is arranged on by protection system, when generating surge on the circuit in system, surge
Protector action, the transient overvoltage of restraining line road and releases surge current, various electronics in protection system and electrically sets
It is standby.
It is many by protection system, such as AC power supply system, DC power system, photovoltaic power supply system, all include a plurality of
Circuit.These propose surge protector higher requirement by protection system at present：1) there are more protected modes to be protected to it
Shield；2) each protected mode performance of trying one's best is consistent, to prevent because causing to damage during engineering connection mistake；3) surge protector is every
One protected mode will reduce influencing each other because of circuit each other, avoid causing job insecurity；4) each protected mode is rushed
It hits that discharge current is big, residual voltage is low and blocking afterflow ability is strong.At the same time, also requirement further reduces surge protector volume,
Reduce cost.
Therefore, design a kind of circuit structure reasonably more protected modes multilayer gap-type surge protector have very
Important meaning.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the application provides a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, by setting between a plurality of multilayer
Gap protects circuit, and each multilayer gap protection circuit forms a kind of protected mode, compared with prior art for, the present invention realizes
Multi-mode protection, and device can be reused in different protected modes, can save space, reduce cost.The present invention
It is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, including i multilayer gap protection circuit, every multilayer gap
Protection circuit is both provided with first terminal and Second terminal, the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit respectively as
One different wire connection terminal of the multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, the of every multilayer gap protection circuit
Two-terminal is as common port and the Second terminal short circuit of remaining multilayer gap protection circuit, the j-th strip multilayer gap protection
Circuit further includes：
Multiple gaps：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
A plurality of trigger circuit：Between one end of every trigger circuit and the gap of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
Gap electrode connects, the first terminal of the other end and a multilayer gap protection circuit in the i multilayer gap protection circuit
Or Second terminal connection；
Wherein, i >=j, i >=2, and i and j are integer.
Further, the circuit structure of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
Or Second terminal connection, the public affairs in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
Clearance electrode connection altogether；
Wherein, n >=2, and n is integer.
Further, at least there are two the clearance distances in gap in n gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit
It is unequal.
Further, as n >=3, there is the clearance distance phase of k adjacent segment in every multilayer gap protection circuit
Deng, and the clearance distance of the k adjacent segment is less than the clearance distance in remaining gap of its place multilayer gap protection circuit,
Wherein, k >=2.
Further, two level guarantor is parallel between the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal
Protection circuit.
Further, the safe secondary protection circuit is by capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, warm
One or more of sensitive resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, the air gap or gas-discharge tube composition.
Further, it is serially connected with disengaging between the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal
Device.
Further, the trigger circuit is at least capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, heat
One kind in sensitive resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, the air gap or gas-discharge tube, the resistance-capacitance device is by resistor and capacitance
Device is in parallel to be formed.
Further, the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit is between gas-discharge tube, graphite gaps or metal
One kind in gap.
Further, the multilayer gap protection circuit is three, wherein,
1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit connects with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit
It connects, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap；
2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit connect
It connects, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap；
3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N trigger circuit：First article of trigger circuit is protected to one end of (n-1)th article of trigger circuit with the 1st article of multilayer gap
The first terminal connection of protection circuit, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap, nth bar
One end of trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, the other end and the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection
The Second terminal connection of circuit.
The application is by the way that a plurality of multilayer gap protection circuit is integrated in a surge protector, each multilayer gap
Circuit is protected to form a kind of protected mode, more protected modes are so realized in a surge protector.Each protection mould
Formula is as a result of multilayer gap as surge leakage path, and impulsive discharge electric current is big, residual voltage is low and blocking afterflow ability is strong.Often
The first terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit respectively as multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector a wire connection terminal, often
The Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit as common port and the Second terminal short circuit of remaining multilayer gap protection circuit,
Each gap main circuit is independent, and performance is consistent, the operation is stable, can prevent from causing to damage due to engineering connection mistake.Due to device
Part is shared, and reduces number of devices, so as to reduce surge protector volume, reduces cost.
In addition, for a multi-pole surge protector, the number of gaps n of each protection module can be equal,
Can be unequal, when specifically used, the number of gaps of every multilayer gap protection circuit can rationally be selected according to actual conditions
It selects, when the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit sets equal, may be constructed symmetrical structure, make surge protection
The performance of device is more stable, is also possible to prevent wiring error, when the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit sets not
When equal, different protection circuits can be directed to and select different number of gaps, so as to fulfill best match；In addition, at every
Connect between the first terminal and Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit disconnector, can in multilayer gap protection circuit because
Discharging gap resistance reduce or short circuit when occur electric current it is excessive or overheat in the case of make disconnector where protection circuit it is timely
Depart from protected circuit, so as to improve the security performance of surge protector.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector electrical block diagram provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of electrical block diagram of Y type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protectors.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of circuit structure different from Fig. 2 method for expressing of Y type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protectors is illustrated
Figure.
Fig. 4 is I type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector electrical block diagrams.
Fig. 5 is the Y type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector electrical block diagrams for being parallel with safe secondary protection circuit.
Fig. 6 is the Y type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector electrical block diagrams for being in series with disconnector.
Fig. 7 is another electrical block diagram of Y type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protectors.
Fig. 8 is another electrical block diagram of Y type multipole multilayer gap-type surge protectors.
(a)-(p) is 16 kinds of different gaps in Fig. 9.
(a)-(d) is four kinds of different trigger circuits in Figure 10.
Reference numeral：G-the air gap, Z-trigger circuit, RV-piezoresistor, L-inductor, C-capacitor,
R-resistor, V-gas-discharge tube, D-disconnector.
Specific embodiment
It is below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific real in order to which those skilled in the art is made to more fully understand technical scheme
Applying example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protectors, protected including i multilayer gap
Protection circuit, every multilayer gap protection circuit are both provided with first terminal and Second terminal, every multilayer gap protection circuit
First terminal is respectively as a different wire connection terminal of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, every multilayer gap protection
The Second terminal of circuit is as common port and the Second terminal short circuit of remaining multilayer gap protection circuit, j-th strip multilayer gap
Protection circuit further includes：
Multiple gaps：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；Here
It should be noted that gap in the present embodiment can be there are many form, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, between air
The gap (abbreviation metal gap) that gap G can be the gap (abbreviation graphite gaps) of graphite electrode composition or metal electrode is formed,
In some sense, gas-discharge tube V falls within the air gap, presents and describes for convenience, the gap the air gap in Fig. 1
G represents that n gap is G1-Gn, forms the electrode abbreviation clearance electrode in gap；
A plurality of trigger circuit Z：The gap electricity of one end of every trigger circuit and the gap of j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
Pole connects, the first terminal of one article of multilayer gap protection circuit in the other end and the i articles of multilayer gap protection circuit or the
Two-terminal connects；
Wherein, i >=j, i >=2, and i and j are integer.Explanation is needed exist for, under normal circumstances, each gap can
By two clearance electrodes certain space spacing to be kept to be formed, one end of every trigger circuit is a clearance electrode with gap
It is connected, the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit is respectively multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector in the present embodiment
Different wire connection terminals, i.e., the one multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector for including i multilayer gap protection circuit has i to connect
Line terminals.
Specifically, the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit structure in this implementation includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit Z1-Zn-1：One end of every trigger circuit and the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
First terminal or Second terminal connection, the other end with corresponding two in n gap of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
The public clearance electrode connection in gap；Wherein, the public affairs in the other end of every trigger circuit two gaps corresponding with n gap
What clearance electrode connected altogether specifically refers to：One end of pth trigger circuit Zp is connected with first terminal or Second terminal, the other end
It is connected with the public clearance electrode in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth；Here, trigger circuit is represented with Z, n-1 trigger circuit
As Z1-Zn-1, the public clearance electrode in two gaps refer to the gap electricity that two gaps are used in conjunction with or are electrically connected to each other
Pole；
Wherein, n ＞ p >=1, n >=2, and n and p are integer.
It should be noted that the first terminal of every multilayer gap protection circuit is respectively as multipole multilayer clearance type surge
One wire connection terminal of protector, the wire connection terminal can not also short circuits with short circuit.
It should also be noted that, in i multilayer gap protection circuit, the n values in each multilayer gap protection circuit can
, can not also be equal with equal, i.e. the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit and remaining multilayer gap protection circuit
Number of gaps can be equal, can not also be equal, in other words, the trigger circuit quantity of each multilayer gap protection circuit
Trigger circuit quantity with remaining multilayer gap protection circuit can be equal, can not also be equal, specifically, between each multilayer
Gap protection circuit forms a protection module, each protection module is a kind of protected mode, when specifically used, every multilayer
The number of gaps of gap protection circuit can be reasonably selected according to actual conditions, when the gap of each multilayer gap protection circuit
When quantity sets equal, symmetrical structure is may be constructed, the performance for making surge protector is more stable, is also possible to prevent wiring mistake
By mistake, when the number of gaps of each multilayer gap protection circuit sets unequal, different protection circuits can be directed to and selected
Different number of gaps is selected, different voltage protection levels, different blocking afterflow energy can be realized using different number of gaps
The technical indicators such as power, different through-current capabilities, so as to realize best match with protection demand.
In actual circuit, such as in single phase industrial frequence AC line protection pattern：Circuit L (phase line) and circuit N is (neutral
Line) between protection, the protection between circuit L (phase line) and circuit PE (ground wire) and circuit N (neutral conductor) and circuit PE (
Line) between protection, it is desirable that the follow current interrupt ability of the protection between circuit L (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor) is higher than other
Protected mode.
In another example：Three-phase main-frequency ac power supply system circuit, protected mode have：Circuit L1 (phase line) and circuit N is (neutral
Line) between protection, the protection between circuit L2 (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor), circuit L3 (phase line) and circuit N it is (neutral
Line) between protection and circuit N (neutral conductor) and circuit PE (ground wire) between protection, wherein, it is desirable that circuit N (neutral conductor)
The residual voltage of protection between circuit PE (ground wire) is less than other protected modes.Again for example：DC power-supply system circuit protects mould
Formula has：Protection, circuit DC+ (direct-flow positive pole line) between circuit DC+ (direct-flow positive pole line) and circuit DC- (direct current negative line) with
The protection between protection, circuit DC- (direct current negative line) and circuit PE (ground wire) between circuit PE (ground wire).It is required that circuit DC
Between+protection between (direct-flow positive pole line) and circuit PE (ground wire), circuit DC- (direct current negative line) and circuit PE (ground wire)
The residual voltage of protection is identical, and less than the protected mode between circuit DC+ (direct-flow positive pole line) and circuit DC- (direct current negative line).
In the multilayer gap protection circuit of multi-pole surge protector, the follow current interrupt ability in gap and the quantity in gap are in
Positive correlation, and the residual voltage in gap and the negatively correlated property of the quantity in gap, then by adjusting the quantity in gap, the present embodiment can
To meet the requirement of protected circuit difference protected mode.In addition, the number of gaps between certain protected mode is intentionally reduced, one
The space of aspect saving can be used for increasing heat-dissipating space and clearance electrode size, on the other hand be sent out in impact process clearance electrode
Hot total amount reduces, and effect can improve discharge capacity lightning protection properties index.
In the present embodiment, when the item number of multilayer gap protection circuit is three, it is more to may be constructed Y types as shown in Figure 2
Protect circuit in lamellar spacing；When the item number of multilayer gap protection circuit is two, can reach between I type multilayers as shown in Figure 4
Gap protects circuit.By the Second terminal of each multilayer gap protection circuit and the second end of remaining multilayer gap protection circuit
Son termination, and using the first terminal of each multilayer gap protection circuit as a wire connection terminal of surge protector,
Clear in structure to understand, wiring is simple, easy to operate.It needs exist for illustrating, the gap in the present embodiment can be there are many shape
Formula, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, the air gap G can be graphite gaps or metal gap, for convenience present and
It describes, the gap in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 represents that n gap is G1-Gn with the air gap G.
For Y type multilayer gap protection circuits as shown in Figure 3, the Second terminal conduct of three multilayer gap protection circuits
Common port short circuit, common port are represented with terminal M, if the first terminal of three multilayer gap protection circuits is respectively terminal A, terminal
B and terminal C, specifically, the first terminal (terminal A) of wherein one multilayer gap protection circuit can be connected to circuit N (in
Property line), the first terminal (terminal B) of another multilayer gap protection circuit is connected to circuit PE (ground wire), by remaining one
The first terminal (terminal C) of multilayer gap protection circuit is connected to circuit L (phase line), terminal A and terminal B, terminal B and terminal
C, there is the device of protection surge between terminal A and terminal C, therefore form 3 protected modes.If every multilayer gap is protected
The number of gaps n of protection circuit sets equal, after so setting, there is identical number of gaps between AB, BC, AC, identical
Trigger circuit, then each protected mode is all symmetrical structure, when engineering is obscured wire connection terminal and during wrong, because of each protection
Pattern is identical, so surge protector will not be damaged, will not take the difference of protecting effect to.
Among above-mentioned protected mode, only connected, do not had at the Second terminal of three multilayer gap protection circuits
Other circuits being connected to each other, then the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit and the work of trigger circuit be it is independent, no
It can influence each other.
Surge protection device in above-mentioned protected mode is made of multilayer discharging gap, and gap is switching-type device.Gap
It is more much lower than the impedance after votage limit type surge break-over of device after conducting, so residual voltage is low.So dash current is on the electrode
The Joule heat of formation is relatively small, so impulsive discharge electric current is big.Because being that gap is that the annular shim for having insulation is closed,
No electric arc leaks.Because the gap chain of each multilayer gap protection circuit is formed by n gap series, afterflow energy is interdicted
Power is strong.
In the embodiment, the Second terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit is represented with symbol M, the protection mould of terminal A and terminal B
Formula：It is collectively formed by the gap between the gap between terminal A and M and terminal B and M, and the protected mode of terminal A and terminal C：
It is collectively formed by the gap between the gap between terminal A and M and terminal C and M, then AM is obtained in two protected modes
It uses, compared with the protected mode and the protected mode of terminal A and terminal C of terminal A and terminal B all uses independent device, this
Embodiment has saved the quantity of device, and while saving space, reducing cost, is also equipped with good barrier propterty, can
To meet the requirement of low cost, low volume.
During the present embodiment specific works, each gap turns on step by step, i.e., the conducting in follow-up gap is on condition that between prime
Gap needs to turn on, such as clearance G 2 will be turned on and turned on firstly the need of clearance G 1.Under normal circumstances, the ignition voltage in follow-up gap is
After the sum of the pressure drop of prime gap and itself pressure drop, such as G1 conductings, pressure drop is inherently generated, so the voltage after G2 conductings can wrap
The pressure drop of G1 and the pressure drop of G2 itself are included, and so on, follow-up gap conducting voltage can be raised step by step, be eventually exhibited as entire electricity
Surge protector ignition voltage raises.
In the specific implementation, the present embodiment may be arranged as：In n gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit at least
Clearance distance there are two gap is unequal.
As a preferred embodiment, make the clearance distance in n gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit from the 1st gap to
N gap is gradually reduced, so as to which in every multilayer gap protection circuit specific works, the pressure drop in each gap is subtracting successively
It is small, so that the ignition voltage of entire surge protector reduces, further, since the 1st gap be closest to protected circuit, by the
The clearance distance in 1 gap sets maximum, reduces the 1st breakdown risk in gap.
As another preferred embodiment, making n >=3, and make the clearance gap for having k adjacent segment in every multilayer gap protection circuit
From equal, the clearance distance in remaining gap of multilayer gap protection circuit where the clearance distance of k adjacent segment is less than it,
In, k >=2.
As another preferably, n is made to be more than 5, and is made between the 1st gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit, the 2nd
Gap, the n-th -2 gaps, (n-1)th gap and the clearance distance in n-th of gap are equal, and the clearance distance is more less than where it
The distance in remaining gap of lamellar spacing protection circuit.
As shown in figure 5, in the present embodiment, it can also be in first terminal and second end to each multilayer gap protection circuit
Safe secondary protection circuit in parallel between son, wherein, safe secondary protection circuit can be separately formed by piezoresistor RV, can also be by electricity
Sensor L, gas-discharge tube V and piezoresistor RV are in series.In the specific implementation, protection circuit item number in parallel can be
It is a plurality of, multi-level protection circuit is formed, former multilayer gap protection circuit protects circuit for the first order, and protection circuit in parallel is followed successively by
Second level protection circuit, third level protection circuit, and so on to N grade protection circuits, wherein, the second level protects circuit can be with
The momentary spike generated during first order multilayer gap protection circuit discharging is reduced, improves the lightning protection properties index of surge protector.
Protection circuit in parallel can hit for capacitor C, inductor L, resistor R, fuse, transient diode, silicon semiconductor, snowslide
Wear diode, Zener diode, break-over diode, diode of turning back, piezoresistor RV, the air gap G, gas-discharge tube V,
Thyristor surgesuppressor, thermal resistor and combinations thereof.As the preferred embodiment for saving space and low cost, second level protection
Circuit can be made of a piezoresistor to be either made of or a fuse and a piezoresistor by a pressure
Sensitive resistor and gas-discharge tube are formed.It should be noted that Fig. 5 is a kind of circuit conditions of safe secondary protection circuit in parallel, I
The multilayer gap protection circuit of type or other structures can also two level in parallel or even N grades of protection circuits.Explanation is needed exist for,
Gap in the present embodiment can be there are many form, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, the air gap G can be graphite
Gap or metal gap are presented and described for convenience, and the gap in Fig. 5 represents that n gap is G1- with the air gap G
Gn。
As shown in fig. 6, in the present embodiment, it can also be in the first terminal and second end of each multilayer gap protection circuit
Connect disconnector D between son, wherein, any position that the position of disconnector D can be between first terminal and Second terminal.It is right
In some to the extra high occasion of security requirement, the surge protector if surge is more than configuration due to some are extreme holds
Amount, power-supply system exception, extreme weather conditions etc. cause surge protector failure, and entire surge protector externally presents low
Resistance, even short-circuit condition, then the electric energy of protected circuit can be continuously applied to surge protector both ends, and surge protector is lasting
Electric energy is consumed, fever or burning can be caused, so that security reduces, can finally influence the normal operation of protected circuit,
It connects after disconnector D, it is excessive electric current can occur when multilayer gap protection circuit is because of the reduction of discharging gap resistance or short circuit
Or the protection circuit where disconnector is made to depart from by protective loop in the case of overheat in time, so as to improve the peace of surge protector
Full performance.Most simply, disconnector can be made of fuse or fuse, in addition, disconnector or a machine
Structure.The second company that the mechanism includes the be connected with first terminal first connection conductor, is connected with the clearance electrode in first gap
Connect conductor and connection it is described first connection conductor and second connection conductor solder joint, when the electric current for flowing through disconnector is excessive or
When the heat accumulated on disconnector is excessively high, the solder joint fusing of disconnector connects the first connection conductor and second after solder joint fusing
Conductor forms a space spacing, i.e., the first connection conductor and the second connection conductor become to disconnect from electrical connection, so that surge
Protector departs from the reliability for by protective loop, improving surge protector.Above-mentioned disconnector is a kind of simple mechanism form, at this
The movement of disconnector solder joint with added force element, such as spring, can be accelerated on the basis of mechanism.Add insulating trip, Ke Yi
Isolation is formed between the first connection conductor and the second connection conductor after solder joint fusing, dielectric strength is provided, prevents arc reignition.
Disconnector can also be said mechanism and fuse or fuse combinations, be also not necessarily limited to be one.Explanation is needed exist for, this
Gap in embodiment can be there are many form, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, the air gap G can be between graphite
Gap or metal gap are presented and described for convenience, and the gap in Fig. 6 represents that n gap is G1-Gn with the air gap G.
In the present embodiment, the gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit can be graphite gaps or metal gap, between each
Insulation spacer can be set in the gap of gap, and the material of insulation spacer can be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), rubber, nylon, mica or Du
Nation's paper.
When it is implemented, when number of gaps is more, not only starting voltage can increase, and the probability for gap blind spot occur can also increase
Greatly, as priority, the number of gaps of multilayer gap protection circuit can be 3-18.
During the present embodiment specific works, by taking first multilayer gap protection circuit as an example, protected when with first multilayer gap
When surge occurs in the circuit of protection circuit connection, first trigger circuit Z1 triggers first gap action, leads first gap
Logical, then Article 2 trigger circuit Z2 triggers second gap action, makes second gap conducting, until (n-1)th triggering electricity
Road Zn-1 triggers (n-1)th gap action, in this way, surge voltage is just applied to the both ends in n-th of gap, finally makes between n-th
Gap turns on, and overvoltage leadage circuit is formed, so that protected circuit is protected.
As shown in fig. 7, the present embodiment also provides a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, including 3 multilayer gaps
Circuit is protected, 3 multilayer gap protection circuits are both provided with first terminal and Second terminal, 3 multilayer gap protection circuits
First terminal is protected respectively as the different wire connection terminals of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector including 3 multilayer gaps
There are three wire connection terminal, the Second terminals of 3 multilayer gap protection circuits for the multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector of protection circuit
It is connected to each other, wherein,
1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit Z1-Zn-1：One end of every trigger circuit with the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit
One terminal connects, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap；Specifically, every triggering
First terminal of the one end of circuit with the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit is connected, and the other end is two corresponding with n gap
The common port connection in gap refers to：One end of pth article trigger circuit Zp and the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit
Connection, the other end are connected with the common port of+1 clearance G p+1 of p-th of clearance G p and pth；
2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit Z1-Zn-1：One end of every trigger circuit and the first of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit
Terminal connects, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap；Specifically, every triggering electricity
The one end on road is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap
Common port connection refer to：One end of pth article trigger circuit Zp and the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit connect
It connects, the other end is connected with the common port in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth；
3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N trigger circuit Z1-Zn：One end of first article of trigger circuit Z1 to (n-1)th articles of trigger circuit Zn-1 with the 1st article
The first terminal connection of multilayer gap protection circuit, the public clearance electrode in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap
Connection, one end of nth bar trigger circuit Zn is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, the other end and the 3rd article
The Second terminal connection of multilayer gap protection circuit；Specifically, as p ＜ n, one end of pth trigger circuit Zp and first end
Son connection, the other end is connected with the common port in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth, as p=n, nth bar trigger circuit Zn's
One end is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, and the other end is connected between n-th of gap and the 3rd article of multilayer
On the circuit that the Second terminal of gap protection circuit is connected；
Wherein, n >=p, n >=2, p >=1, and n and p are integer.It needs exist for illustrating, the gap in the present embodiment
It can be graphite gaps or metal gap there are many form, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, the air gap G, be
Facilitate presentation and description, the gap in Fig. 7 represents that n gap is G1-Gn with the air gap G.
In some cases .., the startup voltage for some of protected modes in multiple protected modes and residual voltage requirement
Than relatively low.Such as：Single phase industrial frequence AC line protection pattern has：Protection between circuit L (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor),
The protection between protection and circuit N (neutral conductor) and circuit PE (ground wire) between circuit L (phase line) and circuit PE (ground wire).
When being protected to single phase industrial frequence alternating current circuit, it is sometimes desirable to by the protection between circuit L (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor)
It is more excellent than remaining pattern.With in scheme provided in this embodiment, the first terminal of first multilayer gap protection circuit is connected
To circuit N (neutral conductor), the first terminal of Article 2 multilayer gap protection circuit is connected to circuit PE (ground wire), by Article 3
The first terminal of multilayer gap protection circuit is connected to circuit L (phase line), for circuit L (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor) it
Between protection, the order of gap breakdown is the first gap of the multilayer gap protection circuit being connected with circuit L, is connected with circuit L
The second gap of multilayer gap protection circuit ..., the first gap of the multilayer gap protection circuit being connected with circuit N, with line
Second gap of the multilayer gap protection circuit that road N is connected ..., be connected with circuit N the n-th of multilayer gap protection circuit between
Gap, the number of gaps punctured each time are 1, compared in trigger process, puncture the technical solution in 2 gaps simultaneously every time,
So this scheme reduces the protected mode breakdown voltages between circuit L (phase line) and circuit N (neutral conductor).
The trigger circuit element of the embodiment uses resistance-capacitance device, for ease of description, is represented using zed.
As shown in figure 8, the present embodiment also provides a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, including 3 multilayer gaps
Circuit is protected, 3 multilayer gap protection circuits are both provided with first terminal and Second terminal, 3 multilayer gap protection circuits
First terminal includes the multipole multilayer of 3 multilayer gap protection circuits respectively as the different wire connection terminal of surge protector
There are three wire connection terminal, the Second terminal of 3 multilayer gap protection circuits to be connected to each other gap-type surge protector, wherein,
1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit Z1-Zn-1：One end of every trigger circuit is connected with first terminal, between the other end and n
The public clearance electrode connection in corresponding two gaps in gap, specifically, one end and the first terminal of pth trigger circuit Zp connect
It connects, the other end is connected with the public clearance electrode in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth；
3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N trigger circuit Z1-Zn：One end of first article of trigger circuit Z1 to (n-1)th articles of trigger circuit Zn-1 with the 1st article
The first terminal connection of multilayer gap protection circuit, the public clearance electrode in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap
Connection, one end of nth bar trigger circuit Zn be connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, the other end connect and
The Second terminal connection of 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit.Specifically, as p ＜ n, one end of pth article trigger circuit Zp and the
One terminal connects, and the other end is connected with the common port in+1 gap in p-th of gap and pth, as p=n, nth bar trigger circuit
One end of Zn is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, and the other end is connected to n-th of gap and more than the 3rd article
On the circuit that the Second terminal of lamellar spacing protection circuit is connected；It needs exist for illustrating, the gap in the present embodiment can have
Diversified forms, such as gas-discharge tube V, the air gap G, the air gap G can be graphite gaps or metal gap, for convenience
It presents and describes, the gap the air gap G of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit and the 2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit in Fig. 8
It represents, n gap is G1-Gn；Wherein, the 1st article and the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit are using resistance-capacitance device, for ease of description,
It is represented using zed；
2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal, here
Gap for gas-discharge tube, n gap is represented with V1-Vn；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit and the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit connect
It connects, the common port connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap, specifically, one end of pth trigger circuit Cp
It is connected with first terminal, the other end is connected with the public clearance electrode of+1 gap Vp+1 of p-th of gap Vp and pth, here
Trigger circuit is made of capacitor, and n-1 trigger circuit is represented with C1-Cn-1；
Wherein, n >=p, n >=2, p >=1, and n and p are integer.
For some applications：It is required that reduction surge protector volume, the requirement of some protected mode blind spots are relatively low, it is possible to press
For the present embodiment in some protected mode intermediate gaps using gas-discharge tube V, triggering device uses capacitor.
When embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 is embodied, gap can be in 16 kinds of gaps as shown in Figure 9
Any one, wherein Fig. 9 (a) is two electrode the air gap G, and Fig. 9 (b) connects for two electrode the air gap G with resistor R, Fig. 9
(c) connect for two electrode the air gap G with piezoresistor RV, Fig. 9 (d) goes here and there for two electrode the air gap G and gas-discharge tube V
Connection, Fig. 9 (e) connect for two electrode the air gap G with two electrode the air gap G, and Fig. 9 (f) is two electrode the air gap G and capacitance
Device C is in parallel, and Fig. 9 (g) is in parallel with resistor R for two electrode the air gap G, and Fig. 9 (h) is two electrode the air gap G and pressure-sensitive electricity
It is in parallel to hinder device RV, Fig. 9 (i) is in parallel with two-electrode gas discharge tube V for two electrode the air gap G, and Fig. 9 (j) is two-electrode gas
Discharge tube V, Fig. 9 (k) connect for two-electrode gas discharge tube V with resistor R, Fig. 9 (l) two-electrode gas discharge tube V with it is pressure-sensitive
Resistor RV connects, and Fig. 9 (m) two-electrode gas discharge tube V and pole gas-discharge tube V, Fig. 9 (n) are two-electrode gas discharge tube V
In parallel with capacitor C, Fig. 9 (o) is in parallel with resistor R for two-electrode gas discharge tube V, and Fig. 9 (p) is two-electrode gas discharge tube
V s in parallel with piezoresistor RV.
Trigger circuit can be any one in four kinds of trigger circuits shown in Figure 10, and Figure 10 (a) is capacitor C and resistance
Device R is in parallel, and Figure 10 (b) is capacitor C, and Figure 10 (c) is resistor R, and Figure 10 (d) is piezoresistor RV.Trigger circuit can be with
It is the combination of more than device, can also be combined with the air gap or discharge tube.The parameter of each device of trigger circuit can be identical
It can differ.
When it is implemented, discharging gap G include the first clearance electrode and the second clearance electrode, and the first clearance electrode and
Insulating annular gasket is placed between second clearance electrode, the first clearance electrode and the second clearance electrode maintain defined gap
Distance, and the first clearance electrode and the second clearance electrode are conductive materials, the conductive material can be graphite either metal or
It is alloy.Metal can be：Silver, copper, gold, aluminium, zinc, tungsten, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, titanium, manganese, steel.The preferential tungsten-copper alloy of alloy.Between
Gap can be Open architecture or enclosed construction, electrode slice composition, cross section for circle, diamond shape, rectangle, square,
Triangle, ellipse, waist type or polygon, thickness are 1mm~8mm.Preferably, clearance cross section is circular and waist type, thickness
For 1mm~3mm.The shape of annular shim is corresponding with above-mentioned clearance cross section, you can for annulus, diamond shape ring, rectangle ring, just
Q-RING, triangular loop, vesica piscis, waist type ring or polygon ring, can be by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), rubber, nylon, mica, ceramics
Or any one material is made in Du Pont's paper, the thickness of insulating annular gasket can be 0.1mm~0.7mm, preferably 0.2mm~
0.5mm。
Gas-discharge tube V can be patch encapsulation or plug-in unit encapsulates.Gas-discharge tube V is close using ceramics
Encapsulation is closed, it is internal by two or the metal electrode of several band gaps, it is filled with inert gas (argon gas or neon) composition.When being added to two
The voltage of electrode tip reaches when making the gas breakdown in gas-discharge tube V, and gas-discharge tube just starts to discharge, and is become by high resistant
Low-resistance makes the voltage at electrode both ends be no more than breakdown voltage.
When it is implemented, the capacitance of the capacitor C in resistance-capacitance device is 100PF~100nF, preferably 500PF~3nF, it is resistance to
It is 100V~10kV by voltage, the resistor values of resistor R are 10k Ω~200M Ω, and preferably 500k Ω~20M Ω, power is
1/8W~10W, and in order to ensure that the charge being charged in trigger circuit is fully released within the interval time of lightning impulse, use
During resistance-capacitance device, it is preferable that when 3 times of the time constant of its RC or 4 times or 5 times or 6 times of intervals that should be less than between being struck by lightning twice
Between.
The capacitance of the capacitor C be 100PF~100nF, preferably 500PF~3nF, withstanding voltage for 100V~
10kV。
It in addition, can also be in every multilayer gap in the multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector provided in above example
It protects in circuit or indicating circuit and warning circuit is added between a plurality of multilayer gap protection circuit, facilitate staff or user
Understand the working condition of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector.
It the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that above-mentioned preferred embodiment is not construed as pair
The limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be subject to claim limited range.For the art
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these change
Protection scope of the present invention is also should be regarded as into retouching.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, which is characterized in that described every including i multilayer gap protection circuit
Multilayer gap protection circuit is both provided with first terminal and Second terminal, the first end of every multilayer gap protection circuit
Son respectively as a different wire connection terminal of the multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector, protect by every multilayer gap
Second terminal short circuit of the Second terminal of protection circuit as common port and remaining multilayer gap protection circuit, the j-th strip are more
Lamellar spacing protection circuit further includes：
Multiple gaps：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
A plurality of trigger circuit：The gap electricity of one end of every trigger circuit and the gap of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
Pole connects, the first terminal of one article of multilayer gap protection circuit in the other end and the i articles of multilayer gap protection circuit or the
Two-terminal connects；
Wherein, i >=j, i >=2, and i and j are integer.
2. a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the j-th strip is more
The circuit structure of lamellar spacing protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：The first terminal of one end of every trigger circuit and the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit or the
Two-terminal connects, public of the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap of the j-th strip multilayer gap protection circuit
Gap electrode connects；
Wherein, n >=2, and n is integer.
A kind of 3. multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that every multilayer
Clearance distance in n gap of gap protection circuit at least there are two gap is unequal.
4. a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 3, which is characterized in that as n >=3, institute
Stating has that the clearance distance of k adjacent segment is equal in every multilayer gap protection circuit, and the clearance gap of the k adjacent segment
Clearance distance from remaining gap less than multilayer gap protection circuit where it, wherein, k >=2.
A kind of 5. multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every multilayer
Safe secondary protection circuit is parallel between the first terminal and Second terminal of gap protection circuit.
A kind of 6. multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the second class protection
Between electric routing capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, thermal resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, air
One or more of gap or gas-discharge tube composition.
A kind of 7. multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every multilayer
Disconnector is serially connected between the first terminal and Second terminal of gap protection circuit.
A kind of 8. multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the trigger circuit
At least between capacitor, resistor, resistance-capacitance device, piezoresistor, inductor, thermal resistor, Transient Suppression Diode, air
One kind in gap or gas-discharge tube, the resistance-capacitance device are formed by resistor is in parallel with capacitor.
9. a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1-8 any one, which is characterized in that
The gap of every multilayer gap protection circuit is one kind in gas-discharge tube, graphite gaps or metal gap.
10. a kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that between the multilayer
Gap protection circuit is three, wherein,
1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：First terminal of the one end of every trigger circuit with the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit is connected,
The public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap；
2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 2nd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N-1 trigger circuit：One end of every trigger circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, separately
The public clearance electrode connection in one end two gaps corresponding with n gap；
3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit further includes：
N gap：It is sequentially connected in series between the first terminal of the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit and Second terminal；
N trigger circuit：First article of trigger circuit is electric with the 1st article of multilayer gap protection to one end of (n-1)th article of trigger circuit
The first terminal connection on road, the public clearance electrode connection in the other end two gaps corresponding with n gap, nth bar triggering
One end of circuit is connected with the first terminal of the 1st article of multilayer gap protection circuit, the other end and the 3rd article of multilayer gap protection circuit
Second terminal connection.
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| CN105703347A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-06-22 | 深圳普泰电气有限公司 | Chain type discharge lightning protection circuit |
| CN106026064A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | Bridge-structured multi-layer gap type surge protective device (SPD) |
| CN106257786A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2016-12-28 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high security multilamellar gap-type surge protector |
| CN206117138U (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-04-19 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | High security multilayer clearance type surge protector |
| CN206506291U (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-09-19 | 厦门大恒科技有限公司 | The multistage gap of Surge Protector triggers circuit device step by step |
| CN207910465U (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-09-25 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | A kind of multipole multilayer gap-type surge protector |
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