CN108054065A - A kind of self-healing fast-switching switch - Google Patents
A kind of self-healing fast-switching switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108054065A CN108054065A CN201810016386.3A CN201810016386A CN108054065A CN 108054065 A CN108054065 A CN 108054065A CN 201810016386 A CN201810016386 A CN 201810016386A CN 108054065 A CN108054065 A CN 108054065A
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- permanent magnet
- iron core
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- coil
- switching switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/66—Power reset mechanisms
- H01H71/68—Power reset mechanisms actuated by electromagnet
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to electric switch technical fields, disclose a kind of self-healing fast-switching switch, are made of permanent magnet machine and intelligent controller；Permanent magnet mechanism includes：Static iron core, for providing the magnetic circuit passage of permanent magnet mechanism；Eddy-current disc carries size of current power-assisted divide-shut brake energy；Dynamic iron core is sleeved on the inside of the static magnet, for providing the component of entire mechanism kinematic；Permanent magnet, between moving magnet and static magnet, for providing permanent magnet mechanism required power；Coil is operated, mounted on the upper end of permanent magnet；The magnetic line of force is distributed；Drive link is connected as a single entity with dynamic iron core, is the connection tie between operating mechanism and transmission mechanism.The present invention has apparent advantageous feature than pervious electromagnetic mechanism, spring mechanism in divide-shut brake speed, reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric switch technical field more particularly to a kind of self-healing fast-switching switchs.
Background technology
The domestic main driving device that spring operating mechanism is cut-off and closed as vacuum circuit breaker for a long time, makes
With problems are exposed in the process, especially live failure electric current when cut-off and slow influence upper level power supply unit and bypass the immediate leadership
Tripping, causes the power failure of large area and causes unnecessary loss.
The permanent magnet mechanism circuit-breaker released in the international market is twin coil monostable, is formed using microelectronic circuits
Control unit, antijamming capability is preferable, but mechanism action need electric current it is big, autophage power is larger, damage energy storage electricity
The service life of appearance and other elements.In addition ISM types permanent-magnet breaker corresponds to each permanent magnetic motor using three-phase respectively
Structure additional springs active force, such processing technology complexity, while three-phase synchronous uniformity is impacted, can cause of short duration three-phase again
It is uneven.
In conclusion problem existing in the prior art is：
How divide-shut brake speed solves the problems, such as quick-speed turning on-off slowly；How mechanism autophage power is larger reduces oneself power consumption and solution
Certainly the problem of three-phase synchronous uniformity.
Self-healing permanent magnetism fast-switching switch can quickly solve the problems, such as above-mentioned, which sets in structure
All unique on meter and material selection, mechanism is using the most strong neodymium iron boron of composite magnetic performance（NvFeB）Material, it is main
Consider that the material is not easy loss of excitation and has higher coercivity；Dynamic iron core and static iron core are using mild steel Q235；Coil is adopted
With enamel covered wire, coiling forms in insulation framework；Structure design is the transmission output of unicoil bistable state direct-push, and torque is short, passes
Dynamic time dispersiveness is small, then mixes microelectronic digital formula controller, makes breaker mechanism primary element and intelligent controller secondary
Observation and control technology provides reliable guarantee for fast-developing power distribution automation jointly, mainly considers in terms of following 4.
1st, the driving mechanism output torque characteristic and circuit breaker load characteristic are very close, therefore can be with vacuum interrupter
It is connected directly, component of machine has 18, and spring mechanism has 42, and such parts reduce the fault point and just reduce, this is helped
It is played in the maximum of mechanical efficiency.
2nd, the magnetic force and the stress of the spring of cooperation that electromagnetic system generates in the driving mechanism, what can be stablized protects breaker
It holds in point position and closes on the position of position, can so cancel complicated mechanical latching and take off including coefficient.
3rd, the driving mechanism is combined with microelectronic digital formula controller, power electronics actuation techniques, may make up intelligent
Vacuum circuit breaker, the on/off switch characteristic of mechanism are sent instructions control by controller, strong anti-interference performance.
4th, operate the switching of coil current and the protection blocking of divide-shut brake over-and under-voltage is completed by controller, usually connect
Coil current is out of question, it is important to when cutting off coil current, since what is be turned off is inductance current, if continuous current circuit design is not
Rationally or parameter selection is undesirable, still can occur very high voltage at component both ends, so as to which the damage of component can be caused,
Early stage is poor come switching time control characteristic with contactor, and exports PWM through high speed optoelectronic shielding wire by controller after improving
Property driving IGBT it is especially desirable.
The content of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of self-healing fast-switching switchs.
Improvement to permanent magnet mechanism：
1st, for the needs of quick-speed turning on-off, separating brake paving is disposed to help spring to reduce closing retention force respectively in moving axis connecting rod both sides,
Increase the motive force of dynamic iron core making process, unidirectionally increase switching current, being switched to isloation state from conjunction state is provided solely for one
The separating brake electric current of very little along with the contraction of spring, fall soon by disjunction（See Fig. 2）, such separating brake hardly consumes storage capacitor
Energy, so as to reduce the charging time to capacitance, traditional operating mechanism actuation time at least leads to more than a cycle 20ms
Yi Shang improvement processing is crossed, through emulation testing, which can reach separating brake less than 5ms, and the target closed a floodgate less than 10ms is uniaxial
Straight drive also is addressed three-phase synchronous.
2nd, the line footpath of magnet exciting coil is changed come the inductance and resistance of coil when reducing divide-shut brake, parameter must is fulfilled for
Resistance value is measured under 120Hz as 1.892 Ω, inductance 2.1mH, while must assure that magnetic patch is mutual during processing coil
Gap air-tightness.
3rd, the capacity of storage capacitor is adjusted, by conventional 16000uF increments to 22000uF, Acclimation temperature scope exists
Between 5 ° to 85 °, the purpose is to increase magnet exciting coil to the combined floodgate driving force of dynamic iron core and overcome the energy needed for the pulling force of spring
Amount and ensure voltage stability, so as to improve dynamic iron core movement whether reliability in place, capacitance fast charging and discharging monitoring
Control principle is shown in Fig. 4.
4th, this time permanent-magnet operating mechanism is done in transmission, control signal Quick Acquisition and output, mutual coordination
Improve, mainly occur to cut-off decreased duration to fault current from fault current in software algorithm, take introducing and failure
The high frequency electric of electric current opposite direction, forces fault current to shift to an earlier date zero crossing, so as to be rapidly achieved the purpose for cut-offfing fault current,
Switch off time is not more than 8ms, has than pervious spring mechanism, electromagnetic mechanism in divide-shut brake speed, reliability and significantly changes
It sees.
The present invention is achieved in that self-healing fast-switching switch is made of permanent magnet machine and intelligent controller；
The permanent magnet mechanism includes：
Static iron core, for providing the magnetic circuit passage of permanent magnet mechanism；
Dynamic iron core：It is sleeved on inside static magnet, for providing the component of mechanism kinematic；
Permanent magnet：Between dynamic iron core and static iron core, provide permanent magnet mechanism required power；
Mechanism operates coil：Mounted on the upper end of permanent magnet；
Drive link：The centre of operation coil is sleeved on, is moved together with dynamic iron core combination；
Separating brake paving helps spring：Symmetrical to be fixed on permanent magnet mechanism upper cover both sides, paving, which is helped, completes separating brake holding；
The intelligent controller includes：
Microprocessor unit：To gathering the quick analyzing and processing of signal；
Microelectronic circuits：The considerations of to electromagnetic compatibility；
Storage capacitor：Energy needed for divide-shut brake action is provided.
The intelligent controller includes host CPU plate, using high speed arm processor；The communication interface connection of the host CPU plate
PERCOM peripheral communication；The PERCOM peripheral communication includes GPRS communications, ethernet communication and Bluetooth communication；The intelligent controller is using reinforcement
Type stainless steel wall hanging type casing using stainless steel 304 material babinet, is moved, strong jamming design, it is ensured that device is installed on by anti-earthquake
Still possesses high reliability during the scene of inclement condition；The intelligent controller is equipped with operation panel, and all maintenances can
It is completed on operation panel.
Further, it is described to propose a kind of magnetic field of permanent magnet Modeling Calculation method in permanent magnet mechanism, it is as follows：
The size of magnetic force is to weigh it to directly drive the important indicator of ability, establishes the mathematical model of system drive space magnetic field,
And the influence factor that its Distribution of Magnetic Field founds system drive square is analyzed, so as to carry out appropriate optimization processing, driven to improving magnetic field
Kinetic force and, the magnetic field intensity that from single-turn circular coil energization at space any point generates most important to the service efficiency in magnetic field
It calculates, forming coordinate system as coordinate origin using hub of a spool sees Figure 10：
Magnetic induction intensity of the current coil in space M is：
B=∫dB=∫u/4π*(IdL*a)/a3,IaI≠0；
dl=(-Rsinθ,Rcosθ,0),θε(0.2π)；
In formula：Dl is the circumference tangent vector at p points, and a is vector PM, and hot-wire coil is then can obtain produced by space using integration
Magnetic induction intensity：
Bx=3u/8π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(r2*sin2Φ*cosθ)/(R2+r2)；
By=3u/8π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(r2*sinΦ*sinθ)/(R2+r2)；
Bz=u/2π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(1-2/3*((r2*sin2Φ)/(R2+r2)))；
Three above formula is converted into rectangular co-ordinate can then calculate further according to magnetic field superposition principle the magnetic of N circles coil generation
.
Further, the optimization method that fuzzy control is proposed in intelligent controller, it is as follows：
（1）The batch processing of sampling：Based on conventional fuzzy algorithmic approach, the adjustment amount of each connection weight is with various discrete sample for rank letter
The directly proportional variations of number E, the gradient algorithm that the overall situation is measured in error should be equivalent to the adjustment of the connection weight of global error function E, should
Should be uniformly adjusted after m discrete mode is all supplied to network, thus can to avoid one by one calculating sample when, it is right
The vibration that weights are likely to occur, it is using calculating processing in batch, i.e., unified into one after correction value caused by a collection of sample is added up
Secondary property processing, the increment of weights are revised as：
△wij(t+1)= -η∑m k+1(aEk)/(awij(t))
This batch processing can ensure direction changes of the E to reduction, since the number of corrections of each connection weight and definite value is apparent
It reduces, therefore the speed calculated also has larger improvement.
（2）Momentum arithmetic：This method, when correcting weights, not only considers effect of the error in gradient using network,
And consider the influence of the variation tendency on error surface, a low-pass filter is acted as, network is allowed to ignore on network
Variation characteristic, under the action of no additional momentum, network may be absorbed in shallow Local Minimum, have using the effect of additional momentum
These minimums may be slipped over, this method is to add a direct ratio in the variation on the basis of back propagation in each weights
In the value of previous weights variation, and new weights variation is generated according to back propagation.Weights with the additional momentum factor
Adjusting formula is：
△w ij(k+1)=(1-mc)ηδ ipj+mc△w(k)
△b i(k+1)=(1-mc)ηδ i+mc△b i(k)
Wherein k is calculation times, and mc takes 0.95 or so for factor of momentum, and the essence of additional momentum method is to weigh last time
It is worth the influence of variation, is transferred by a factor of momentum, when factor of momentum is 0, the variation of weights is according to gradient descent method
It generates；When factor of momentum is 1, new weights are then arranged to the variation of last time weights, and generated according to gradient method
Variation is then ignored.In this way, it is possible to so that the adjusting of weights works as net towards the mean direction variation of error surface bottom
When network weights enter the flat site of error surface bottom, δ i will become very little, △w ij(k+1)≈ △w ij(k), so as to prevent
△w ij=0 appearance contributes to network to be jumped out from the minimum of error surface.According to the design principle of additional guide vanes,
When modified weights cause too big growth results in error, new weights should be cancelled without using, and make momentum
With stopping, network is made not enter large error curved surface, when new error change curvature sets its old value more than one in advance
During fixed maximum rate of change, also cancel calculated weights variation, worst error change rate can any be greater than or equal to 1
Value.Typical value is 1.04, so when additional guide vanes is used to carry out network calculations, it is necessary to increase condition judgment, with
Just correctly using its modified weight formula, in calculating process, to use the Rule of judgment of momentum method for：
Mc = 0 SSE(k)>1.04SSE(k-1)
Mc = 0.95 SSE(k)<SSE(k-1)
In formula：SSE(k)=（t k -a2k）2
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：The present invention is than pervious spring mechanism, electromagnetic mechanism in divide-shut brake speed, reliable
Property on have apparent advantageous feature.
The mechanical organ of permanent-magnet operating mechanism is more many than traditional reducing, and trouble point is reduced, and processing technology is simple, work
Efficiency improves 30%, and uniaxial straight drive is guaranteed to three-phase synchronous uniformity；
By micro controller to the current control of magnet exciting coil, it can effectively realize startup, movement, the control stopped, increase
Strong antijamming capability, provides safeguard for reliable and stable use；
Permanent magnet mechanism is directly completely embedded with arc-chutes, is greatly reduced time dispersiveness during mechanism action, is improved after improving and pass through
Test draws separating brake switch off time within 5ms so that responsiveness is accelerated；
Permanent magnet mechanism is supplied to controller to carry out Quick Acquisition processing using contactless transducing signal, judges
Divide-shut brake whether accuracy in place, enhance the reliability used.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the A-A diagrammatic cross-sections of the permanent magnet mechanism of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure：1st, static iron core；2nd, eddy-current disc；3rd, dynamic iron core；4th, permanent magnet；5th, coil is operated；6th, the magnetic line of force is distributed；7th, drive
Connecting rod.
Fig. 2 is the mechanical linkage schematic diagram of the permanent magnet mechanism of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure：8th, permanent magnet machine；9th, controller unit；10th, MCU processors；11st, separating brake paving helps spring；12nd, bolster；13、
Kinematic link；14th, buffer insulation part；15th, vacuum interrupter；16th, storage capacitor；17th, PWM units control；
Fig. 3 is the permanent magnet mechanism of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention using PWM copped wave digital modulations
The circuit diagram of mode and IGBT circuit arrangements；
Fig. 4 is the charging observation circuit figure of the permanent magnet mechanism of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the module diagram of the intelligent controller of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of the intelligent controller of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the main program module figure of the intelligent controller of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the Fuzzy control system block diagram of the intelligent controller of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the output action logic flow of the intelligent controller of self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Figure 10 is single-turn circular coil coordinate system schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described the application principle of the present invention.
It is self-healing fast-switching switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by permanent magnet machine and intelligence shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 10
It can controller composition；
The permanent magnet mechanism includes：
Static iron core 1：For providing the magnetic circuit passage of permanent magnet mechanism；
Eddy-current disc 2：Carry size of current power-assisted divide-shut brake energy；
Dynamic iron core 3：It is sleeved on inside static magnet, for providing the component of mechanism kinematic；
Permanent magnet 4：Between dynamic iron core and static iron core, provide permanent magnet mechanism required power；
Operating Coil in Permanent Magnetic Actuator 5：Mounted on the upper end of permanent magnet；
Magnetic line of force distribution 6：Impact direction is provided to dynamic iron core；
Drive link 7：The centre of operation coil is sleeved on, is moved together with dynamic iron core combination；
The intelligent controller includes：
Microprocessor unit：To gathering the quick analyzing and processing of signal；
Microelectronic circuits：The considerations of to electromagnetic compatibility；
Storage capacitor：Energy needed for divide-shut brake action is provided.
The mechanical linkage of permanent magnet mechanism is as shown in Figure 2.
Including：Permanent magnet machine 8, controller unit 9, MCU processors 10, separating brake paving help spring 11, bolster 12, transmission
Connecting rod 13, buffer insulation part 14, vacuum interrupter 15, storage capacitor 16, PWM units control 17.
The operation principle of permanent magnet mechanism is as follows：
The mechanism is to complete separating brake and the two processes, i.e. unicoil bistable state of closing a floodgate by a permanent magnetism coil magnetization,
The present invention remembers magnetic material using compound.
Permanent-magnet operating mechanism dynamic characteristic includes：Electric current, electromagnetic attraction, coil flux linkage, capacitance voltage in electromagnetic coil
Deng, under magnetic field that dynamic iron core is generated in coil and the collective effect of the resultant magnetic field power of permanent magnet field and spring external force, on
Lower movement, and pass through link transmission and promote the movement of breaker body contact to transmission mechanism, completion is cut-off and is closed.
What the mechanism performed is instructed from intelligent controller divide-shut brake, and controller hardware platform uses high performance
Embedded microprocessor, using PWM copped waves digital modulation mode and IGBT circuit arrangements（Such as Fig. 3）, full bridge structure driver
QA1, QB1, QC1, QD1 use the IGBT device G160N60 of Japanese fairchild company production as derailing switch in circuit is cut-off
Part, IGBT belong to full-controlled switch device, have switching frequency height, control small power, voltage mode control, input impedance height etc. excellent
Point is to use most advantageous semiconductor power electronic device at present.And the driving integrated chip of IGBT is IR companies of the U.S.
IR2128 driver UA1, UB1, UC1, UD1 of production, the driving element provide two mutually independent driving passages, have light
The advantages of even isolation (small) and electromagnetic isolation (speed is fast) is the first choice of driving element in middle low power conversion equipment, from
And make control point, close more steady, reliability higher.
As permanent magnetism coil forward direction energization HZ+（Add forward current）When, QA1, QD1 open, permanent magnetism coil generate magnetic field with
The magnetic field Downward addition of permanent magnet causes dynamic iron core to do actuation upwards and move to upper magnet yoke, and the gravitation of permanent magnet is maintained at switch
Close stable state.Conversely, when permanent magnetism coil is reversely powered FZ+（Add reverse current）When, QB1, QC1 are opened, the magnetic that permanent magnetism coil generates
Field is superimposed with the reverse magnetic field of permanent magnet, under the collective effect of mechanism spring and tripping spring so that dynamic iron core moves downward
To lower yoke, the gravitation of permanent magnet makes switch be maintained at a point stable state.
Breaking-closing operating voltage detecting is in order to judge whether the voltage can meet point/needs of closing operation, when its is low
Controller will be latched breaker point/closing operation when certain value, prevent from due to energy is insufficient operation failure being caused to damage
Evil operating mechanism, voltage monitoring mode are as shown in Figure 4.The present invention is according to the difference of voltage, a plurality of PWM switching on and off of co-curing
Curve controls to adjust voltage, electric current, magnetic flux and driving force, the control for realizing the movement of permanent magnet mechanism iron core by control software using PWM
System controls optimal separating brake, closing speed so as to reach.
It is as follows it is another object of the present invention to provide magnetic field of permanent magnet Modeling Calculation method：
The size of magnetic force is to weigh it to directly drive the important indicator of ability, establishes the mathematical model of system drive space magnetic field,
And the influence factor that its Distribution of Magnetic Field founds system drive square is analyzed, so as to carry out appropriate optimization processing, driven to improving magnetic field
Kinetic force and, the magnetic field intensity that from single-turn circular coil energization at space any point generates most important to the service efficiency in magnetic field
It calculates, forming coordinate system as coordinate origin using hub of a spool sees Figure 10：
Magnetic induction intensity of the current coil in space M is：
B=∫dB=∫u/4π*(IdL*a)/a3,IaI≠0；
dl=(-Rsinθ,Rcosθ,0),θε(0.2π)；
In formula：Dl is the circumference tangent vector at p points, and a is vector PM, and hot-wire coil is then can obtain produced by space using integration
Magnetic induction intensity：
Bx=3u/8π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(r2*sin2Φ*cosθ)/(R2+r2)；
By=3u/8π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(r2*sinΦ*sinθ)/(R2+r2)；
Bz=u/2π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(1-2/3*((r2*sin2Φ)/(R2+r2)))；
Three above formula is converted into rectangular co-ordinate can then calculate further according to magnetic field superposition principle the magnetic of N circles coil generation
.
For the intelligent controller of self-healing fast-switching switch as shown in Fig. 5 Fig. 6, host CPU plate uses high speed arm processor,
RAM the and Flash Memory of large capacity, data processing, logical operation and information storage capability are strong, and the speed of service is fast, reliability
It is high；Using extensive programmable logic chip CPLD, peripheral circuit is reduced, 16 high-precision AD converters, high certainty of measurement is humorous
Ripple processing capacity is strong；PERCOM peripheral communication is equipped with GPRS communications, ethernet communication and Bluetooth communication, device GPRS communication interfaces and ether
Netcom interrogates so that live networking flexibility is convenient, and engineer application is simple, reliable, and hardware storage capacity is big, can store no less than 100
Secondary above event and operation report；Controller uses reinforced stainless steel wall hanging type casing, is moved by anti-earthquake, strong jamming is set
Meter；Ensure still possess high reliability when device is installed on the scene of inclement condition.Device installation is not required to install AC and DC additional and input to resist
Interference module.Device has an operation panel, and all maintenances can be completed on operation panel again；Select stainless steel 304 material case
Body is moved, strong jamming design by anti-earthquake, reaches IP67 requirements, is connected, is mountable to external primary equipment by aviation plug
It is run on column.
The main program module figure of intelligent controller is as shown in Figure 7.
Intelligent controller carries out software control using FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, and system block diagram is as shown in Figure 8.
The optimization of its FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL of intelligent control is as follows：
（1）The batch processing of sampling：Based on conventional fuzzy algorithmic approach, the adjustment amount of each connection weight is with various discrete sample for rank letter
The directly proportional variations of number E, the gradient algorithm that the overall situation is measured in error should be equivalent to the adjustment of the connection weight of global error function E, should
Should be uniformly adjusted after m discrete mode is all supplied to network, thus can to avoid one by one calculating sample when, it is right
The vibration that weights are likely to occur, it is using calculating processing in batch, i.e., unified into one after correction value caused by a collection of sample is added up
Secondary property processing, the increment of weights are revised as：
△wij(t+1)= -η∑m k+1(aEk)/(awij(t))
This batch processing can ensure direction changes of the E to reduction, since the number of corrections of each connection weight and definite value is apparent
It reduces, therefore the speed calculated also has larger improvement.
（2）Momentum arithmetic：This method, when correcting weights, not only considers effect of the error in gradient using network,
And consider the influence of the variation tendency on error surface, a low-pass filter is acted as, network is allowed to ignore on network
Variation characteristic, under the action of no additional momentum, network may be absorbed in shallow Local Minimum, have using the effect of additional momentum
These minimums may be slipped over, this method is to add a direct ratio in the variation on the basis of back propagation in each weights
In the value of previous weights variation, and new weights variation is generated according to back propagation.Weights with the additional momentum factor
Adjusting formula is：
△w ij(k+1)=(1-mc)ηδ ipj+mc△w(k)
△b i(k+1)=(1-mc)ηδ i+mc△b i(k)
Wherein k is calculation times, and mc takes 0.95 or so for factor of momentum, and the essence of additional momentum method is to weigh last time
It is worth the influence of variation, is transferred by a factor of momentum, when factor of momentum is 0, the variation of weights is according to gradient descent method
It generates；When factor of momentum is 1, new weights are then arranged to the variation of last time weights, and generated according to gradient method
Variation is then ignored.In this way, it is possible to so that the adjusting of weights works as net towards the mean direction variation of error surface bottom
When network weights enter the flat site of error surface bottom, δ i will become very little, △w ij(k+1)≈ △w ij(k), so as to prevent
△w ij=0 appearance contributes to network to be jumped out from the minimum of error surface.According to the design principle of additional guide vanes,
When modified weights cause too big growth results in error, new weights should be cancelled without using, and make momentum
With stopping, network is made not enter large error curved surface, when new error change curvature sets its old value more than one in advance
During fixed maximum rate of change, also cancel calculated weights variation, worst error change rate can any be greater than or equal to 1
Value.Typical value is 1.04, so when additional guide vanes is used to carry out network calculations, it is necessary to increase condition judgment, with
Just correctly using its modified weight formula, in calculating process, to use the Rule of judgment of momentum method for：
Mc = 0 SSE(k)>1.04SSE(k-1)
Mc = 0.95 SSE(k)<SSE(k-1)
In formula：SSE(k)=（t k -a2k）2
Output action logic is as shown in Figure 9 in the software control of intelligent controller.
Intelligent controller interface specification is as follows：
Analog input interface:
● electric current inputs：4 tunnels, precision 5P, air plug docking, input current 5A；
● control source：4 tunnels, 0.5 grade of precision, air plug docking, input voltage 100V.
Switch value input interface:
● breaker open operation state input interface：1 group of passive contact input, air plug docking；
● breaker closing state input interface：1 group of passive contact input, air plug docking；
● breaker closing energy storage state interface：1 group of passive contact input, air plug docking；
● controller protection fault-signal input：1 group of passive bus input, air plug docking；
● locking weight state node input：1 group of passive bus input, air plug docking；
● device throws bounce number input：1 group of passive bus input, air plug docking；
● remote reset signal inputs：1 group of passive bus input, air plug docking.
Output switch parameter interface
● device alarm signal output：Device can not be exported by relay when self-test or itself outlet problem, capacity
DC220V, 2A, air plug docking；
● breaker fail protection signal output：Relay exports when reclosing or short circuit tripping failure, capacity DC220V, 2A,
Air plug docks；
● circuit breaker failure signal output：Breaker energy storage goes wrong, and relay is defeated during state outlet problem after divide-shut brake
Go out, capacity DC220V, 2A, air plug docking；
● PT disconnection signals export：PT fuse meltings or other situations cause relay during broken string to export, capacity DC220V, 2A,
Air plug docks；
● permanent fault signal output：It is judged as during permanent fault that relay exports, capacity DC220V, 2A, air plug docking；
● reclosing success signal output：Relay exports after reclosing success, capacity DC220V, 2A, air plug docking；
● communication failure signal output：Relay exports during the outlet failure that communicates, capacity DC220V, 2A, air plug docking；
● all of above switching value output signal must be by that can disappear on the spot or after remote reset.
Communication interface
▲ RS485 interfaces：Using 485 communication interface of two-wire system, Modbus-RTU/101 agreements；
▲ Ethernet Ethernet interfaces：Using RJ45 network interfaces, 104 communication protocol of state's net；
▲ RS232 interface：Using DB9 needle interfaces, used for field adjustable program；
▲ USB interface：For exporting recorded wave file.
▲ GPS pairs when interface, reserve IRIG-B codes pair when interface.
Figure 10 is single-turn circular coil coordinate system schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within refreshing and principle etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of self-healing fast-switching switch, which is characterized in that the self-healing fast-switching switch by permanent magnet machine and
Intelligent controller is formed；
The permanent magnet mechanism includes：
Static iron core, for providing the magnetic circuit passage of permanent magnet mechanism；
Dynamic iron core：It is sleeved on inside static magnet, for providing the component of mechanism kinematic；
Permanent magnet：Between dynamic iron core and static iron core, provide permanent magnet mechanism required power；
Operating Coil in Permanent Magnetic Actuator：Mounted on the upper end of permanent magnet；
Drive link：The centre of operation coil is sleeved on, is moved together with dynamic iron core combination；
Separating brake paving helps spring：Symmetrical to be fixed on permanent magnet mechanism upper cover both sides, paving, which is helped, completes separating brake holding；
The intelligent controller includes：
Microprocessor unit：To gathering the quick analyzing and processing of signal；
Microelectronic circuits：The considerations of to electromagnetic compatibility；
Storage capacitor：Energy needed for divide-shut brake action is provided.
2. self-healing fast-switching switch as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the intelligent controller using it is reinforced not
Become rusty steel wall hanging type casing, using stainless steel 304 material babinet.
3. self-healing fast-switching switch as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the host CPU plate uses high speed ARM processing
Device；The PERCOM peripheral communication includes GPRS communications, ethernet communication, liquid crystal communication and Bluetooth communication.
4. self-healing fast-switching switch as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the self-healing fast-switching switch is forever
Magnets magnetic fields Modeling Calculation method is as follows：
The mathematical model of system drive space magnetic field is established, and analyzes the influence factor that its Distribution of Magnetic Field founds system drive square,
It is powered in the magnetic field intensity of space any point generation to calculate from single-turn circular coil, coordinate is formed by coordinate origin of hub of a spool
System；
Magnetic induction intensity of the current coil in space M is：
B=∫dB=∫u/4π*(IdL*a)/a3,IaI≠0；
dl=(-Rsinθ,Rcosθ,0),θε(0.2π)；
Explanation: C:\Users\Administrator.WIN-20160530QMW\AppData\Roaming\Tencent\Users\1403531663\QQ\WinTemp\RichOle\APS59ZLBL()W0A`KVETHANK.png
In formula：Dl is the circumference tangent vector at p points, and a is vector PM, and hot-wire coil is then can obtain produced by space using integration
Magnetic induction intensity：
Bx=3u/8π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(r2*sin2Φ*cosθ)/(R2+r2)；
By=3u/8π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(r2*sinΦ*sinθ)/(R2+r2)；
Bz=u/2π*（I*S）/(√(R2+r2))3*(1-2/3*((r2*sin2Φ)/(R2+r2)))；
By three above formula be converted into rectangular co-ordinate further according to magnetic field superposition principle calculate N circles coil generation magnetic field.
5. the self-healing fast-switching switch as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the optimization of the intelligent controller
Method, including：
（1）The batch processing of sampling：Based on conventional fuzzy algorithmic approach, the adjustment amount of each connection weight is with various discrete sample for rank letter
The directly proportional variations of number E, the gradient algorithm that the overall situation is measured in error should be equivalent to the adjustment of the connection weight of global error function E, should
It should be uniformly adjusted after m discrete mode is all supplied to network；Using calculating processing in batch, a collection of sample is produced
Raw correction value is unified into disposable processing after adding up, and the increment of weights is revised as：
△wij(t+1)= -η∑m k+1(aEk)/(awij(t))；
（2）Momentum arithmetic：In variation on the basis of back propagation in each weights plus one is proportional to previous power
It is worth the value of variation, and new weights variation is generated according to back propagation；
Weights with the additional momentum factor adjust formula：
△w ij(k+1)=(1-mc)ηδ ipj+mc△w(k)
△b i(k+1)=(1-mc)ηδ i+mc△b i(k)
Wherein k is calculation times, and mc takes 0.95 for factor of momentum, transferred by a factor of momentum, when factor of momentum is 0
When, the variation of weights is generated according to gradient descent method；When factor of momentum is 1, new weights are then arranged to last time and weigh
The variation of value, and be then ignored according to the variation that gradient method generates；
When network weight enters the flat site of error surface bottom, δ i will become very little, △w ij(k+1)≈△w ij(k), prevent
Only △w ij=0 appearance makes network be jumped out from the minimum of error surface.
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